WO2006057355A1 - 多層シート及び光拡散シート - Google Patents
多層シート及び光拡散シート Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006057355A1 WO2006057355A1 PCT/JP2005/021723 JP2005021723W WO2006057355A1 WO 2006057355 A1 WO2006057355 A1 WO 2006057355A1 JP 2005021723 W JP2005021723 W JP 2005021723W WO 2006057355 A1 WO2006057355 A1 WO 2006057355A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/302—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising aromatic vinyl (co)polymers, e.g. styrenic (co)polymers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/308—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising acrylic (co)polymers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/34—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyamides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
- C08K5/3412—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having one nitrogen atom in the ring
- C08K5/3432—Six-membered rings
- C08K5/3435—Piperidines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
- C08K5/3467—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having more than two nitrogen atoms in the ring
- C08K5/3472—Five-membered rings
- C08K5/3475—Five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
- G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
- G02B5/0236—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place within the volume of the element
- G02B5/0242—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place within the volume of the element by means of dispersed particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/03—3 layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/24—All layers being polymeric
- B32B2250/246—All polymers belonging to those covered by groups B32B27/32 and B32B27/30
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/40—Symmetrical or sandwich layers, e.g. ABA, ABCBA, ABCCBA
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
- B32B2307/21—Anti-static
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/412—Transparent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/418—Refractive
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/42—Polarizing, birefringent, filtering
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/71—Resistive to light or to UV
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
- B32B2307/734—Dimensional stability
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
- B32B2457/20—Displays, e.g. liquid crystal displays, plasma displays
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2551/00—Optical elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2559/00—Photographic equipment or accessories
Definitions
- Multilayer sheet and light diffusion sheet
- the present invention relates to a multilayer sheet excellent in light diffusibility, dimensional stability, and light resistance.
- the present invention relates to a light diffusing sheet used as a light diffusing plate for a transmissive screen of a screen such as a projection television or a liquid crystal TV.
- a screen lens such as a transmissive screen projects an image of a projection television and displays a target image, and is widely used. Since this screen lens is desired to have a bright and wide viewing angle when observed by an observer, the screen lens is generally configured by combining lens moldings such as a lenticular lens and a Fresnel lens.
- the lens moldings used for these screen lenses are widely used methacrylic resins with excellent transparency, light resistance, scratch resistance, etc., and excellent moldability. It is performed by molding, extrusion molding, cast molding, injection molding, etc.
- Patent Document 1 describes a mixture of an aromatic vinyl monomer, a (meth) acrylic acid ester monomer, and a polyfunctional unsaturated monomer.
- a method for obtaining a Fresnel lens by dissolving and polymerizing a styrene-gen copolymer is disclosed.
- this technique is insufficient to obtain a molded article for a screen lens having an excellent light diffusibility.
- the methacrylic resin used as the base material for the light diffusing plate of liquid crystal TVs has a high water absorption rate, which causes a change in the dimensions of the light diffusing plate molding, causing warping of the light diffusing plate, and optical characteristics Had the problem of being damaged.
- the image or lamp light is projected for a long time, there is a problem that discoloration occurs due to deterioration of the resin used in the screen lens and the light diffusion plate, and the image is discolored.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-341101
- An object of the present invention is to provide a multilayer sheet excellent in dimensional stability, light resistance and light diffusibility, particularly as a light diffusion sheet such as a molded article for a screen lens and a molded article for a light diffusion plate. Is to provide a sheet.
- the inventors of the present invention contain a specific styrene copolymer mainly composed of a styrene monomer unit and a specific unmelted compound.
- Copolymers mainly composed of styrene monomer units and (meth) acrylic acid ester monomer units, specific unmelted compounds and specific light resistance The present invention has found that a multilayer sheet having excellent dimensional stability, excellent light resistance, and excellent light diffusibility can be obtained by using a styrene-based resin composition containing an agent as a surface layer and a back layer. Has reached
- the present invention has the following gist.
- Component (B) 100 parts by mass of a styrene copolymer and an unmelted material having a refractive index difference of 0.05 to 0.14 and an average particle diameter of 2 to 10 / ⁇ ⁇ A resin composition comprising 1 to 10 parts by mass of a compound.
- a part of the unmelted compound contained in the component (A) protrudes from the surface of the surface layer a and the back layer c, and forms irregularities on the surface of the surface layer a and the back layer c.
- the multilayer sheet according to any one of 1) to (4).
- component (A) is a cross-linked copolymer containing styrene and methyl methacrylate as monomers.
- a benzoxazole compound is added to at least one of the component (A) and the component (B)
- the multilayer sheet according to any one of (1) to (10) above, containing 5 to 0.5 parts by mass.
- Composition power of styrene-based resin of component (A) Furthermore, a polyether ester amide block having a refractive index difference of 0.02 or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the styrene-based copolymer. 7 to 20 parts by mass of a copolymer, 0 to 2 parts by mass of a Zeon-based surfactant and Z or a non-amine surfactant, or any one of (1) to (12) above Multi-layer sheet.
- Polyether ester amide block copolymer strength The polyether ester amide block copolymer comprising the following (F—A), (F 2 -B), and (F—C) as monomers: ).
- R1 is an ethylene oxide group
- R2 is an ethylene oxide group or propylene oxide group
- X is a halogen, an alkyl group (carbon number: 1 to 6) or a sulfonic acid group or a metal salt thereof
- L is 0 to Integer of 4
- m and n represent an integer of 16 or more.
- Rl is an ethylene oxide group
- R2 is an ethylene oxide group or propylene oxide group
- X is a halogen, an alkyl group (carbon number: 1 to 6) or a sulfone group or a metal salt thereof
- Y is an alkylene group ( Carbon number: 1-6), alkylidene group (carbon number: 1-6), cycloalkylidene group (carbon number: 7-17), arylealkylidene group (carbon number: 7-17), 0, SO, SO,
- R1 represents an ethylene oxide group
- R2 represents an ethylene oxide group or a propylene oxide group
- m and n represent an integer of 16 or more.
- the cation surfactant power in component (A) is an organic sulfonic acid metal salt having 10 to 14 carbon atoms, and the non-amine nonionic surfactant is a glycerin fatty acid ester (13) -The multilayer sheet in any one of (15).
- the multilayer sheet according to 7 The multilayer sheet according to 7).
- an unprecedented multilayer sheet having excellent light diffusibility can be provided extremely advantageously in the industry. Since the multilayer sheet of the present invention is excellent in light diffusibility, dimensional stability and light resistance, it can be suitably used particularly for optical display applications such as Fresnel lenses, lenticular lenses and light diffusion plates.
- styrenic monomer used in the present invention examples include styrene, a-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, p-t-butylstyrene and the like, and preferably styrene.
- Examples of the (meth) acrylic acid ester monomer in the present invention include methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, 2-methyl hexyl acrylate. Rate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, octyl acrylate and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Preferred is methyl metatalylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, or a mixture thereof.
- the styrene copolymer in the component (A) used for the surface layer a and the back layer c of the present invention is 20 to 50% by mass, preferably 22 to 48% by mass, of a styrene monomer unit. and (meth) acrylic acid ester monomer units 80-50 mass 0/0, preferably from 78 to 52 weight 0/0. If the styrene monomer unit is less than 20% by mass, the multilayer sheet may be deformed due to moisture absorption, and if it exceeds 50% by mass, the light resistance is lowered, and the multilayer sheet may be discolored by light irradiation.
- the styrene copolymer in the component (B) is a copolymer having a styrene monomer unit as a main component, and among them, the styrene monomer unit is 38 to 90% by mass,
- the copolymer (I) having 50 to 90% by mass and 62 to 10% by mass, preferably 50 to 10% by mass of (meth) acrylic acid ester monomer units is preferred.
- the styrene monomer unit exceeds 90% by mass, the light resistance is lowered, and the light diffusion sheet may be discolored by light irradiation. If it is less than 50% by mass, the light diffusion sheet may be deformed by moisture absorption.
- the styrene copolymer in component (B) is a copolymer of a styrene monomer and a (meth) acrylic acid ester monomer, as well as a vinyl monomer copolymerizable therewith.
- the amount is preferably about 10 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the styrene monomer and the (meth) acrylate monomer.
- the styrene monomer unit is 50 to 90% by mass, preferably 52 to 88% by mass
- the (meth) acrylic acid ester monomer unit is 50 to 10% by mass, preferably 48 to 12% by mass. %
- And copolymerizable vinyl compound monomer units of 0 to 10% by mass, preferably 0 to 8% by mass.
- this copolymerizable bur monomer examples include cyanide butyl monomers such as acrylonitrile methacrylo-tril; methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, maleic anhydride, maleic acid, itaconic acid, itaconic anhydride, etc. And unsaturated carboxylic acid monomers; maleimide monomers such as maleimide, N-methylmaleimide, N-phenolmaleimide, and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- styrene copolymer in the component (B) in addition to the above, 80 to 99% by mass of a styrene monomer unit and 20 to 1% by mass of a methacrylic acid monomer unit can be copolymerized.
- styrene copolymer (11) consisting of 0 to 10% by mass of a vinyl compound monomer unit, 20 to 60% by mass of a styrene monomer unit, a (meth) acrylic acid ester unit
- a resin mixture composed of 70 to 30 parts by mass referred to as ( ⁇ ) ⁇ 0 ⁇ ) a resin mixture
- (II) ⁇ 0 ⁇ ) Resin composition If the total amount of styrene monomer in the composition exceeds 90% by mass, the light resistance is lowered and the multilayer sheet may be discolored by light irradiation.
- the multilayer sheet may be deformed by moisture absorption.
- (Ii) ⁇ 0 ⁇ ) Using a resin mixture makes it possible to obtain a multilayer sheet having a high heat distortion temperature.
- the unmelted compound in the component (A) of the present invention partially protrudes from the surface of the surface layer a and the back layer c, and forms irregularities on the surface of the surface layer a and the back layer c. Is preferred. Such irregularities can improve the fluidity and releasability of the multilayer sheet surface.
- the unmelted compound in component (A) is a compound that does not melt at the melting point of the styrene copolymer of component (A), and is preferably 200 ° C or higher in an atmosphere of 101.3 kPa (l atm). Particularly preferred are compounds having a melting point or soft spot of 220-320 ° C. When the melting point and softening point are less than 200 ° C, the compound melts immediately when melt kneaded with a styrene polymer, or when a styrene resin composition is formed into a sheet or during injection molding, so that excellent optical properties are obtained. I ca n’t hold it! / There may be cases.
- the unmelted compound in the component (A) has a refractive index difference with respect to the styrene copolymer in the component (A) within 0.005, preferably within 0.003. When the refractive index difference exceeds 0.005, the total light transmittance and light diffusibility of the resulting multilayer sheet are lowered.
- the unmelted compound in component (A) has an average particle size of 5 to 15 m, preferably 7 to 14 m. When the average particle size is less than 5 ⁇ m, the diffusivity increases and the light diffusivity increases, and when it exceeds 15 ⁇ m, the total light transmittance and the light diffusivity decrease.
- the average particle size of the unmelted compound is a value obtained by measurement using a Coulter Multisizer (manufactured by Beckman Coulter).
- the content of the unmelted compound in the component (A) is 1 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 2 to 8 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the styrene copolymer in the component (A). Part.
- the content of the unmelted compound is less than 1 part by mass, the haze and diffusivity are reduced and the light diffusibility is reduced.
- the content exceeds 10 parts by mass the total light transmittance and the diffusivity are reduced, and the light diffusibility is reduced. "I'm going down”.
- composition of the unmelted compound in component (A) is not particularly limited, but a crosslinked copolymer containing styrene and methyl methacrylate as monomers is preferred.
- the unmelted compound used for component (B) is a compound that does not melt at the melting point of the styrene copolymer of component (B), and is preferably 200 200 kPa (l atm) in an atmosphere.
- a compound having a melting point or soft point of not lower than ° C and particularly preferably from 220 to 500 ° C is preferable.
- the melting point and soft melting point are less than 200 ° C, the unmelted compound melts at the time of melt-kneading with a styrene copolymer or when a styrene-based resin composition is formed into a sheet, and excellent optical characteristics are maintained immediately. You may not be able to hold it.
- the difference in refractive index between the styrene copolymer and the unmelted compound in component (B) is 0.05 to 0.14, preferably 0.06 to 0.13. If the refractive index difference is less than 0.05, the haze and diffusivity of the resulting multilayer sheet will be small and the light diffusivity will be reduced, and if it exceeds 0.14, the total light transmittance and diffusivity will be reduced.
- the average particle size of the unmelted compound in component (B) is 2 to: LO m, preferably 3 to 8 m. If the average particle size of the unmelted compound is less than 2 m, the resulting multilayer sheet has a low haze and light diffusibility, and if it exceeds 10 m, the total light transmittance and diffusivity are reduced.
- the average particle size of the unmelted compound is a value obtained by measurement using a Coulter Multisizer (Beckman Coalter).
- the content of the unmelted compound in the component (B) is 1 to 10 parts by mass, preferably 2 to 8 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the styrene copolymer in the component (B).
- the content of the unmelted compound is less than 1 part by mass, the haze of the resulting multilayer sheet decreases and the light diffusibility decreases, and when it exceeds 10 parts by mass, the total light transmittance and the diffusivity decrease.
- composition of the unmelted compound in component (B) is not particularly limited, but a cross-linked copolymer containing methyl methacrylate as a monomer is preferred.
- examples thereof include polymethyl methacrylate crosslinked beads (hereinafter referred to as “PMMA crosslinked beads”).
- component (A) 0.1 to 2 parts by mass of a hindered amine compound, preferably 0.2 to 1.8 parts by mass, and 100 parts by mass of a styrene copolymer. It is necessary to contain 0.1 to 2 parts by mass, preferably 0.2 to 1.8 parts by mass of the benzotriazole compound.
- the hindered amine compound and the benzotriazole compound strength are each less than 0.1 parts by mass, the light resistance of the resulting multilayer sheet is lowered, and when it exceeds 2 parts by mass, the yellowness of the obtained multilayer sheet tends to be strong, It is not preferable.
- Hindered amine compounds are amamine-based photostabilizers such as bis (2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-1- (octyloxy) -4-piveridyl) ester, decanodioic acid, 1, 1- Dimethylethyl hydroperoxide, bis (1, 2, 2, 6, 6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) [[3,5-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydrido (methyl)] Methyl] butyl malonate, bis (1, 2, 2, 6, 6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate, methyl 1, 2, 2, 6, 6-pentamethyl 4-piberidyl cenocate, bis (2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Benzotriazole compounds are ultraviolet absorbers such as 2- (2H-benzotriazole 2-yl) p cresol, 2- (2H-benzotriazole 2-yl) 4-6 bis (1 Methyl 1-phenyl) phenol, 2- [5 Black mouth (2H) -benzotriazole-2-yl] —4-methyl] -6- (t-butyl) phenol, 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6 — (5 black-mouthed benzotriazole-2-yl) phenol, 2- (2H benzotriazole-2-yl) -4,6 di-t-pentylphenol. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the styrenic resin composition used for the surface layer a and the back layer c does not need to be the same and may be different.
- At least one of component (A) and component (B) is preferably a benzoxazole-based compound that is a so-called fluorescent whitening agent as a colorant. It is desirable to contain parts by mass, particularly preferably 0.005 to 0.05 parts by mass.
- the content of the benzoxazole-based compound in at least one of the components is 0.0005 part by mass or more, the yellowness of the obtained sheet is reduced and the appearance is further improved as compared with less than 0.005 part by mass.
- the total light transmittance of the resulting multilayer sheet tends to increase, which is preferable.
- the amount of 0.5 parts by mass or less is preferable because the light resistance of the resulting multilayer sheet is further improved as compared with the case of exceeding 0.5 parts by mass.
- benzoxazole compounds include 2,5 thiopheneyl (5 tert-butyl-1,3 benzoxazole, 2,5 thiopheneyl (5-t-butyl-1,3-benzoxazole 10% and dicyclohexyl phthalate). 90% mixture, 4,4′-bis (benzoxazol 2-yl) stilbene and the like may be mentioned, and these may be used alone or in combination.
- the component (A) has a refractive index difference of 0.02 or less with respect to the styrene copolymer.
- Tellester amide block copolymer 7 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of styrene-based copolymer, 0-on surfactant and Z or non-amine non-one surfactant. It is preferable to contain ⁇ 2 parts by mass.
- the content of the polyetheresteramide block copolymer is 7 parts by mass or more, the scratch resistance of the resulting multilayer sheet is further improved compared to the case of less than 7 parts by mass, and a sufficient antistatic effect is obtained. Therefore, it is preferable.
- the content of the polyether ester amide block copolymer is 20 parts by mass or less, the yellowness of the resulting multilayer sheet is further reduced as compared with the case where the content exceeds 20 parts by mass. Further, it is preferable that the difference in refractive index is 0.02 or less because the light transmittance is improved as compared with the case where the refractive index difference exceeds 0.02.
- the monomer (FA) in the polyetheresteramide block copolymer is an aminocarboxylic acid or ratatam having 6 or more carbon atoms, or a salt of diamine and dicarboxylic acid having 6 or more carbon atoms. is there.
- aminocarboxylic acids having 6 or more carbon atoms include ⁇ -aminocabrolic acid, ⁇ -amino force prillic acid, ⁇ - aminoenanthic acid, and 1,2-aminododecanoic acid. Prolatatam, Enantolactam, and Power Prillatatum.
- Examples of the salt of diamine and dicarboxylic acid having 6 or more carbon atoms include hexamethylene diamine adipate, hexamethylene diamine-sebacinate, hexamethylene diamine monoisophthalate, etc. Is mentioned.
- the monomer (F- ⁇ ) in the polyetheresteramide block copolymer is a diol compound represented by general formulas (Chemical Formula 1) to (Chemical Formula 3).
- R1 is an ethylene oxide group
- R2 is an ethylene oxide group or propylene oxide group
- X is a halogen, an alkyl group (carbon number: 1 to 6)
- L represents an integer of 0 to 4
- m and n represent an integer of 16 or more.
- R1 is an ethylene oxide group
- R2 is an ethylene oxide group or propylene oxide group
- X is a halogen, an alkyl group (carbon number: 1 to 6) or a sulfone group or a metal salt thereof
- Y is an alkylene group ( Carbon number: 1-6), alkylidene group (carbon number: 1-6), cycloalkylidene group (carbon number: 7-17), arylealkylidene group (carbon number: 7-17), 0, SO, SO,
- R1 represents an ethylene oxide group
- R2 represents an ethylene oxide group or a propylene oxide group
- m and n represent an integer of 16 or more.
- Examples of these diol compounds include ethylene oxide of bisphenol A and Z or propionoxide-containing products, 2,2-bis (4,4'-hydroxycyclohexyl).
- Carboxy with Z or propylene oxide Ethylene oxide with 4, 4 '(hydroxy) biphenyl and Carboxy with Z or propylene oxide, Ethylene oxide with bis (4-hydroxyphenol) sulfide and Z or propylene oxide Carbide with oxide, Bis (4-hydroxyphenol) methane ethylene oxide and Z or Propylene oxide, Bis (4-hydroxyphenol)
- the monomer (F-B) diol compound includes hydroquinone ethylene oxide adducts, bisphenol A ethylene oxide adducts, and bisphenolore S ethylene oxide adducts. !], Dihydroxynaphthalene with ethylene oxide!] Or a block polymer thereof. Particularly preferred is an ethylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A.
- the monomer (F—C) in the polyetheresteramide block copolymer is a dicarboxylic acid, and a dicarboxylic acid having 4 to 20 carbon atoms is preferred.
- terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid Aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as phthalic acid, naphthalene-1,6 dicarboxylic acid, naphthalene-1,2,7 dicarboxylic acid, etc., 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1,2 cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, etc.
- succinic acid, oxalic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid and the like are examples of the like.
- (F—A), (F—B) and (F—C) are used in proportions of (F—A) of 25 to 85 parts by mass, (F—B) of 15 to 70 parts by mass, (F—C). ) Is preferably 5 to 60 parts by mass.
- the method of polymerizing the polyetheresteramide block copolymer is, for example, by reacting an aminocarboxylic acid or ratatam (F—A) with a dicarboxylic acid (F—C), and both ends are carboxylic acid groups.
- a polyamide prepolymer of (F—B) diol compound The reaction in the air and the compounds (F-A), (F-B) and (F-C) are charged into a reaction vessel and reacted at a high temperature to produce a dicarboxylic acid-terminated polyamide prepolymer. Thereafter, there is a method of proceeding polymerization under normal pressure or reduced pressure.
- component (A) 0 to 2 parts by mass of an ionic surfactant and Z or a non-amine-based surfactant are added to 100 parts by mass of the styrene copolymer. It is desirable to contain it. It is preferable that the amount of the cation-based surfactant and the Z or non-amine-one-based surfactant is 2 parts by mass or less because the yellowishness of the resulting multilayer sheet is further reduced as compared with the case of more than 2 parts by mass. . In addition, when an amine-on-type surfactant having each of primary, secondary and tertiary amine structures is contained, the component (A) exhibits a yellow hue.
- an organic sulfonic acid metal salt may be mentioned.
- Specific examples include sodium alkyl sulfonate, lithium alkyl sulfonate, sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate, and lithium alkylbenzene sulfonate.
- sodium alkyl sulfonate is preferably used. More preferred is sodium alkyl sulfonate having 10 to 14 carbon atoms. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- non-amine nonionic surfactant examples include polyoxyethylene anolalkyl ether, polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, and glycerin fatty acid ester. Of these, glycerin fatty acid esters are preferably used. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the production method of the styrene copolymer in the component (A) and the styrene copolymer in the component (B) is not particularly limited, but is a bulk polymerization method, suspension polymerization method, solution polymerization method, emulsification A polymerization method can be suitably employed.
- each material of component (A) and component (B) there are no particular restrictions on the blending method of each material of component (A) and component (B), a method of blending before, during or immediately after the polymerization of each styrene copolymer, and a separated styrene copolymer. Examples include a method of blending with a polymer by melt mixing. [0038] Even when each styrene copolymer is pelletized and then melted and mixed with an unmelted compound, the mixing method is not particularly limited. For example, a known mixing apparatus such as a Henschel mixer or a tumbler mixer may be used.
- the mixture can be uniformly mixed by melt kneading using an extruder such as a single screw extruder or a twin screw extruder.
- an extruder such as a single screw extruder or a twin screw extruder.
- a high-concentration mixture in which an unmelted compound is mixed at a high concentration with a styrene-based copolymer is prepared, and when the sheet is manufactured, the high-concentration mixture and the styrene-based copolymer are driven and unmelted.
- a material in which the content of the compound becomes a specified concentration may be used as a raw material.
- Additives may be blended with the styrene copolymer in the component (A) and the styrene copolymer in the component (B), if necessary.
- plasticizers, lubricants, silicone oils and the like can be blended to improve fluidity and releasability.
- an antistatic agent can be added to prevent dust from the multilayer sheet.
- a heat stabilizer can be blended in order to impart heat resistance and heat stability.
- a coloring agent can also be mix
- the sheet of the present invention has a multilayer structure, and the thickness of each layer is (A) the surface layer a and the back layer c force which also has component force ⁇ ). 005 to 0.5 mm, preferably 0.01 to 0
- the intermediate layer b which is 4 mm and (B) component strength, is 1 to 7 mm, preferably 1.2 to 6.8 mm. If the surface layer a and the back layer c are less than 0.05 mm, the resulting multilayer sheet may be discolored by light irradiation, and if it exceeds 0.5 mm, it may be deformed by moisture absorption. If the intermediate layer b is less than 1 mm or more than 7 mm, excellent optical properties (light diffusibility) may not be obtained.
- the thicknesses of the surface layer a and the back layer c need not be the same and can be different.
- the multilayer sheet may be a sheet obtained by extruding the surface layer a, the intermediate layer b, and the back layer c separately by heat fusion or the like. -You may extrude at the same time using a hold die.
- the latter method is not only economically advantageous, but also advantageous in terms of quality, which is easy to prevent damage to the surface of the sheet and mixing of foreign matters during lamination.
- a first complete mixing tank with a volume of about 5 liters and a second complete mixing tank with a capacity of about 15 liters in series and further connect two first and second devolatilization tanks with a preheater in series.
- MMA monomer solution composed of 40% styrene and 60% methyl methacrylate
- 15 parts ethylbenzene, 0.01 parts t-butylperoxyisopropyl monocarbonate, 2, 4 Diphenol-ru 4-Methyl-1-pentene 0.2 part was mixed to make a raw material solution.
- This raw material solution was supplied to the first complete mixing tank controlled at 135 ° C at 6. Okg per hour.
- the turnover rate at the outlet of the first complete mixing tank was 28%.
- the conversion rate at the outlet of the second complete mixing tank was 63%.
- a styrene copolymer A-2 was obtained in the same manner as the styrene copolymer A-1, except that a monomer solution composed of 80% styrene and 20% MMA was used.
- Styrene copolymer A-3 was obtained in the same manner as styrene copolymer A-1, except that a monomer solution composed of 10% styrene and 90% MMA was used.
- Styrene copolymer A-4 was obtained in the same manner as styrene copolymer A-1, except that a monomer solution composed of 95% styrene and 5% MMA was used.
- composition and refractive index of the resulting styrene copolymer are shown in Table I1.
- Toshiba Silicone Tospearl 2000B was used as the polyorganosiloxane crosslinked beads.
- the average particle diameter and refractive index are shown in Table 1-2.
- D-2 was obtained by the same production method as D-1, except that 1.0 part of tricalcium phosphate was used. In addition, using the same production method as D-1, except that 0.2 part of tribasic calcium phosphate was used. A cross-linked bead D-3 was obtained. Further, bead-like crosslinked beads D-4 were obtained by the same production method as D-1, except that 0.1 part of tricalcium phosphate was used.
- a beaded PMMA crosslinked bead E-2 was obtained by the same production method as PMMA crosslinked bead E-1, except that 1.5 parts of tribasic calcium phosphate was used. Further, bead-like PMMA cross-linked beads E-3 were obtained by the same production method as E-1, except that 1.0 part of tricalcium phosphate was used. Further, bead-like PMMA cross-linked beads E-4 were obtained by the same production method as E-1, except that 0.2 part of tricalcium phosphate was used. These average particle diameters and refractive indexes are shown in Table I2.
- Styrene-based copolymers A-1 to ⁇ -4, crosslinked beads B, C, D-1 to D-4, ⁇ -1 to ⁇ -4 as unmelted compounds, bis (2, 2, 6, 6-Tetramethyl 4-piperidyl) sebacate and 2- (2H benzotriazole-2-yl) -4, 6 di tert pentylphenol as benzotriazole compounds are shown in Table 1-3 and Table 1-4. It mixed with the compounding ratio. The obtained mixture was kneaded with a 40 mm diameter single screw extruder at a temperature of 240 ° C. and a screw rotation speed of lOO rpm, and pelletized to obtain pellets of styrene-based resin compositions 1 to 25.
- the styrene-based resin compositions 1 to 13 in Table 1-3 correspond to the styrene-based resin composition (component (A)) in the surface layer a and the back layer c, and the styrene resin compositions in Table 1-4.
- the system resin compositions 14 to 25 correspond to the resin composition (component (B)) of the intermediate layer b.
- Copolymer Copolymer Copolymer Copolymer Amine-based Azol-based Unmelted compound Not-melted compound 0053 A-1 A-2 A-3 Compound Compound Compound type Compound content Styrenic resin composition 1 100--0.30 3 D— 1 3 Styrenic resin composition 2 100-1. 5 1. 5 D- 1 3 Styrenic resin composition 3 100--0. 3 0. 3 D— 1 8 Styrenic resin composition 4 100 -1 0.3 3 0.3 D-3 3 Styrenic resin composition 5 ⁇ 100-0. 3 0. 3 D-1 3 Styrene resin composition 6 ⁇ 100 0. 3 0. 3 D— 1 3 Styrene 7 100-0. 05 0.
- Tree fat composition lens 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
- Tree fat composition Tislen 2 ⁇ > ⁇
- a three-layered sheet shown in Table I 58 was produced using a T-die type multilayer extruder having a feed block.
- the multi-layer extruder consists of a single 65mm ⁇ full flight screw single screw extruder for the middle layer and one 30mm ⁇ full flight screw single screw extruder for the front and back layers. Oil is the feed A test extruder that was joined in layers with a lock was used. The temperature of each cylinder of the sheet is 23
- the resin 1 refers to the styrene-based resin composition 1.
- the resin 2 to the resin 25 refers to the styrene resin composition 2 to the styrene resin composition 25.
- the optical characteristics when the haze is 99% or more, the total light transmittance is 60% or more, the diffusivity is 20% or more, and the b value is 1 or less, excellent light diffusibility is exhibited, It can be judged that the characteristics are good.
- the light resistance has a color difference ⁇ value of less than 1 and the hygroscopicity has a deformation of 1 mm or less, it can be judged that each characteristic is excellent.
- Examples I 1 to ⁇ 9 are particularly preferred embodiments that combine all of these properties.
- Examples 1-10, 1-11, 1-27, 1-28, 1-30 are other examples.
- Examples 1 12 to 1 26, 1-29 are comparative examples.
- Example II Example of multilayer sheet containing colorant (fluorescent brightener)
- Example I a monomer solution composed of 10% styrene and 90% methyl methacrylate was used, the same procedure as in Example I (A-1) was performed to obtain a styrene copolymer II (A-1). .
- Example II Except for using a monomer solution composed of 40% styrene and 60% methyl methacrylate, the same procedure as in Example I (A-1) was carried out to obtain a styrene copolymer II (A-2). .
- Styrene copolymer II (A-4) was obtained in the same manner as in (A-1) except that a monomer solution composed of 95% styrene and 5% methyl methacrylate was used.
- Table II 1 shows the resin composition and refractive index of the styrene copolymer II (A-14) obtained as described above. [0061] As the unmelted compound, the crosslinked beads B, C, D-1 to D-4 and E-1 to E4 of Example 1 (Table I2) were used.
- Colorant (F) is a so-called fluorescent whitening agent, 2,5-thiopheneyl (5-t-butyl-1,3 benzoxazole) (Ubitex OB manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals) (F-1), an inorganic pigment.
- F-2 2,5-thiopheneyl
- Dairesin BLUE J made by Mitsubishi Chemical was used as (F-3).
- Styrene copolymers (A-1) to (A-4), B, C, (D-1) to (D-4), ( ⁇ -1) to ( ⁇ -4) as unmelted compounds ), Bis (2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate as a hindered amine compound, 2- (2H benzotriazole-2-yl) as a benzotriazole compound, -4, 6 di-t-pentylphenol, colored As agents, (F-1;) to (F-3) were mixed at the blending ratios shown in Tables II-2 to 11-5.
- the styrene-based resin compositions 1-27 in Tables 11 2-11 3 correspond to the styrene-based resin compositions (component (A)) of the surface layer a and the back layer c.
- the styrene-based resin compositions 28 to 54 of ⁇ 4 to 5 correspond to the resin composition (component (B)) of the intermediate layer b.
- a sheet having a three-layer structure shown in Tables II-6 to 11-12 was prepared using a ⁇ die type multilayer extruder having a feed block.
- the multi-layer extruder consists of a single 65mm ⁇ full flight screw single screw extruder for the intermediate layer and a single 30mm ⁇ full flight screw single screw extruder for the front and back layers.
- a test extruder was used in which the fats were joined and multilayered at the feed block. Each cylinder temperature of sheety was operated and molded at 230 ° C.
- Example II when the haze is 99% or more, the total light transmittance is 68% or more, the diffusivity is 18% or more, and the b value is 1 or less, it can be determined that the optical characteristics are particularly excellent. Also, light resistance is color If the difference ⁇ value is less than 1 and the dimensional stability is less than 1 mm, the dimensional stability can be judged as excellent. Examples II-1 to 11-18 are particularly preferred examples having all these characteristics. Examples ⁇ -19, ⁇ -20, ⁇ -30, ⁇ -31, ⁇ -38 to ⁇ -45, ⁇ -61 to ⁇ -70 are other examples. Examples ⁇ —21 to ⁇ —29, ⁇ —32 to ⁇ —37, ⁇ —46 to ⁇ —60 are comparative examples.
- Total light transmittance is 68. 7 74. 2 69. 3 69. 5 70. 3 69. 9 73. 2 62. 4 74. 6 63. 3 65. 2
- Optical haze is) 99. 4 98. 8 99. 3 99. 3 99. 2 99. 2 98. 9 99. 5 98. 7 99. 5 99. 4 Sex Diffusion rate) 23. 6 16. 5 23 22. 8 21. 9 22. 4 18. 4 28 16. 3 27. 1 26. 3 b Value 0. 3 0. 3 0. 3 0. 2 0. 1 1 0. 3 0. 4 0. 3 0.
- Thickness (mm) 10 1. 8 1. 8 1. 8 1. 8 1. 8 1. 8 1. 8 1. 8 1. 8 1. 8 1. 8 1. 8
- Example III (Example of multilayer sheet containing antistatic agent)
- the crosslinked beads BCD— :! D 4 E— :! E 4 of Example 1 (Table I 2) were used.
- Production of the polyetheresteramide block copolymer (F) was carried out as follows. A force of 55 parts of prolatatam, 30 parts of bisphenol A with ethylene oxide and 15 parts of adipic acid also gave polyether ester amide (F-1). This polyetheresteramide had a refractive index of 1.530. Further, polyether ester amide (F-2) was obtained from 40 parts of force prolatatam, 45 parts of ethylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A and 15 parts of adipic acid. The refractive index of this polyetheresteramide was 1.490.
- the ionic surfactant and the non-amine nonionic surfactant (G) include sodium dodecyl sulfonate as the ionic surfactant, non-amine nonionic surfactant, Then, glycerin stearic acid diester was used.
- Styrenic copolymers (A-1) to (A-4), B, C, (D-1) to (D-4), (4-1) to ( ⁇ -4) as unmelted compounds ), Bis (2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate as a hindered amine compound, 2- (2H benzotriazole-2-yl) as a benzotriazole compound, -4, 6 di-t-pentylphenol, poly As ether ester amide block copolymers (F-1) and (F-2), doonyl sodium sulfonate is used as an ionic surfactant, and glyceryl stearate ester is used as a non-amine ionic surfactant.
- Z non-amine ionic surfactant 1 OZ 90 parts blended as a composite surfactant with the mixing ratio shown in Table III-2-4 Mixed.
- the resulting mixture was kneaded with a 40 mm diameter single screw extruder at a temperature of 240 ° C and a screw rotation speed of lOOrpm, pelletized, and the styrene-based resin composition shown in Table III-2 to IV-4 1 to 29 pellets were obtained.
- the styrene-based resin compositions 1 to 18 in Table III 2 to 3 correspond to the styrene-based resin compositions (component (A)) of the surface layer a and the back layer c.
- the styrene-based resin compositions 19 to 29 of III-4 correspond to the resin composition (component (B)) of the intermediate layer b.
- Three-layered sheets shown in Tables III-5 to VIII-8 were prepared by using T-die type multi-layer extruders having a feed block, using styrene-based cocoon yarn composites 1 to 29.
- the multi-layer extruder consists of a single 65mm ⁇ full flight screw single screw extruder for the intermediate layer and a single 30mm ⁇ full flight screw single screw extruder for the front and back layers. Fat is fee
- a test extruder that was joined and multilayered with a deblock was used. Each cylinder temperature of sheety was operated and molded at 230 ° C.
- Example III (example of multilayer sheet containing antistatic agent), if the haze is 99% or more, the total light transmittance is 65% or more, the diffusivity is 23% or more, and the b value is 1 or less, the optical characteristics are It can be judged that it is particularly excellent. It can be judged that light resistance is excellent when the color difference ⁇ value is less than 1, dimensional stability is water absorption warpage of 1 mm or less, and antistatic property is surface resistivity of 10 12 ⁇ or less.
- Examples 111 1 to 111 8, III-22 are particularly preferred embodiments having all these properties.
- Examples III-9, 111-10, 111-20, 111-21, 111-23, 111-24, III-31 to ⁇ -34 are other examples.
- Examples m-11 to m-19, in-25 to m-30 are comparative examples.
- the scratch resistance of the obtained molded product is improved, and when the composite surfactant is used in combination, the scratch resistance is remarkably improved. Power.
- Thickness (mm) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.01 0.1 0.1 0.1 Resin type Resin 19 Resin 19 Resin 26 Resin 23 Resin 19 Resin 19 Resin 19 Grease 19 Seed 19 Middle layer b
- Resin 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Type of resin used Resin 1 Resin 1 Resin 11 Resin 10 Resin 2 Resin 3 Resin 4 Resin 5 Resin 6 Resin 8 Resin 9 Resin a
- Thickness (mm) 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 Layer structure 1.8 Resin type Resin 12 Resin 13 Resin 15 Resin 17 Resin 18 Resin 1 Resin 1 Resin 1 Resin 1 Resin 1 Resin Back layer c 1 Thickness ( mm) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Total thickness (mm) 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
- Example IV (Example of multilayer sheet containing fluorescent whitening agent and antistatic agent)
- polyether ester amide block copolymer (F) in the same manner as in Example III, a polyether ester amide (F-l) having a refractive index of 1.530 and a polyether ester amide having a refractive index of 1.490 (F — I got 2).
- An anionic surfactant and a non-amine nonionic surfactant (G) are sodium dodecyl sulfonate as an anionic surfactant and glycerin stearic acid as a non-amine nonionic surfactant. Diester was used.
- the colorant (H) is a so-called fluorescent whitening agent, 2, 5 thiofensyl (5 t butyl — 1, 3 benzoxazole) (Ubitex OB manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals) (H-1), inorganic The pigment DAYGRO ZQ-19 (H-2) and the organic dye Mitsubishi Chemical resin Dairesin BLUE J was used as (H-3).
- Styrene copolymers (A-1) to (A-4), unmelted compounds B, C, (D-1) to (D-4), ( ⁇ -1) to ( ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ -4) ), Bis (2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate as a hindered amine compound, 2- (2H benzotriazole-2-yl) as a benzotriazole compound, -4, 6 di-t-pentylphenol, poly Ether ester amide block copolymers (F-1) and (F-2), sodium dodecyl sulfonate as an ionic surfactant, and glyceryl stearic acid diester as a non-amine ionic surfactant.
- the styrene-based resin compositions 1 to 39 in Tables IV-2 to IV-3 correspond to the styrene-based resin compositions (component (A)) of the surface layer a and the back layer c.
- the styrene-based resin compositions 40 to 66 in Tables IV-4 to IV-5 correspond to the resin composition (component (B)) of the intermediate layer b.
- Sheets having a three-layer structure shown in Tables IV-6 to IV-13 were prepared by using T-die type multi-layer extruders having feed blocks using styrene-based resin compositions 1 to 66.
- the multi-layer extruder consists of a single 65mm ⁇ full flight screw single screw extruder for the intermediate layer and one 30mm ⁇ full flight screw single screw extruder for the front and back layers.
- a test extruder was used in which the feed blocks were joined and multilayered. Each cylinder temperature of sheety was operated and molded at 230 ° C.
- Example IV (example of multilayer sheet containing fluorescent whitening agent and antistatic agent), when haze is 99% or more, total light transmittance is 67% or more, diffusivity is 18% or more, and b value is less than 1, It can be judged that the optical characteristics are particularly excellent. Light resistance is color difference ⁇ ⁇ value less than 1, dimensional stability Can be judged to be excellent when the water absorption warpage is 1 mm or less and the antistatic property is 10 12 ⁇ or less.
- Examples IV-1 to IV-22 are particularly preferred embodiments having all these characteristics.
- Examples IV-23 to IV-26, IV-34 to IV-39, IV-46 to IV-52, IV-53, IV-63 to IV 66, IV-73 to IV-82 are other examples. .
- Examples IV-27 to IV-33, IV-40 to IV-45, IV-54 to IV-62, and IV-67 to IV-72 are comparative examples.
- Thickness (mm) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Intermediate layer
- Type Resin 47 Resin 44 Resin 40 Resin 40 Resin 40 Resin 52 Resin 40 Resin 40 Resin 52 Sheet b Thickness (mm ) 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8
- Thickness (mm) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Intermediate layer Type Resin 65 Resin 66 Resin 56 Resin 56 Resin 56 Resin 56 Resin 56 Resin 56 Resin 56 Resin 56 Sheet b Thickness (mm) 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8
- Thickness (mm) 0.1 0. 1 0. 1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0. 1 0. 1 0.1 0. 1 Intermediate layer
- Thickness (mm) 0.1 0. 1 0. 1 0.1 0. 1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0. 1 0. 1 0. 1 0. 1 0. 1 0. 1
- Total thickness (mm) 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Total light transmittance is ) 69.9 69.0 67.7 54.3 66.3 64.4 75.1 60.0 74.9 65.2 75.5
- Optical characteristics Haze is 99.1 99.2 99.3 99.7 99.3 99.4 98.1 99.5 98.2 99.4 98.0 diffusivity W 22.1 22.8 24.1 32.0 24.9 26.3 15.3 29.3 15.5 25.6 15.2 b value 0.3 1.0 1.1 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 Meta, f Light color difference ⁇ 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.4 1.0 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
- Dimensional stability Water absorption warp (mm) 0.6 1.1 1.2
- Thickness (mm) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Middle layer Type Resin 40 Resin 40 Resin 40 Resin 40 Resin 40 Resin 40 Resin 40 Resin 40 Resin 40 Resin 40 Sheath b Thickness (mm) 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 ⁇ 1.8 1.8 1.8
- Thickness (mm) 0.1 0.1 0. 1 0.1 0. 1 0.1 0. 1 0. 1 0. 1 0. 1 0. 1 0. 1 0. 1 Total thickness (mm) 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 70.2 69.6 73.0 62.1 74.5 62.8 65.0 70.4 69.4 68.4 55.4
- Optical characteristics Haze (3 ⁇ 4) 99.1 99.2 98.8 99.5 98.4 99.5 99.4 99.1 99.2 99.3 99.6 Sex diffusivity tt) 21.1 22.1 17.4 28.0 15.8 27.4 25.9 21.2 21.9 23.4 31.8 b value 0.3 1.4 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 1.0 1.
- a first complete mixing tank with a volume of about 5 liters and a second complete mixing tank with a capacity of about 15 liters in series and further connect two first and second devolatilization tanks with a preheater in series.
- This raw material solution was supplied to the first complete mixing tank controlled at 135 ° C at 6. Okg per hour.
- the conversion rate at the outlet of the first complete mixing tank was 28%.
- the turnover rate at the second complete mixing tank outlet was 63%.
- a styrene copolymer (I 2) was prepared in the same manner as the styrene copolymer (I 1) except that a monomer solution composed of 80% styrene and 20% methyl methacrylate was used. Obtained.
- a styrene copolymer (I 3) was obtained in the same manner as the styrene copolymer (I 1) except that a monomer solution composed of 10% styrene and 90% methyl methacrylate was used.
- the composition of the obtained styrenic polymer is shown in Table V-1.
- a styrene copolymer (III-1) was obtained in the same manner as the styrene copolymer (I) except that a monomer solution composed of 20% styrene and 80% methyl methacrylate was used.
- composition of the obtained styrene copolymer (III 1) is shown in Table V-2. 36% of the styrene copolymer (II-1) and 64% of the styrene copolymer (III 1) were mixed to obtain (II) ′ (II detailed composition 1).
- Styrene copolymer (II-1) 0% and styrene copolymer (III 1) 100% were mixed to obtain (II) ′ (II detailed composition 2).
- the styrene-based resin compositions 1 to 13 in Table V-4 correspond to the styrene-based resin composition (component (A)) in the surface layer a and the back layer c.
- the styrene resin compositions in Table V-5 The system resin compositions 14 to 25 correspond to the resin composition (component (B)) of the intermediate layer b.
- Resin 7 100 ⁇ ⁇ 0. 05 0. 05 D ⁇ 1 3.
- Resin 8 100 ⁇ ⁇ 3 3 D-1 3.
- Resin 9 100 ⁇ One 0. 3 0. 3 D ⁇ 1 0. 5
- Resin 1 0 100 ⁇ ⁇ 0. 3 0. 3 D ⁇ 1 13.0
- Resin 1 1 100 ⁇ ⁇ 0. 3 0. 3 D ⁇ 2 3.
- Resin 1 2 100 ⁇ ⁇ 0. 3 0. 3 D ⁇ 4 3.
- multilayer sheets of each constitution were prepared with a T-die type multilayer extruder having a feed block.
- the multi-layer extruder is composed of one single-axis extruder with a main flight S65mm ⁇ full flight screw and one single 30mm ⁇ full-flight screw single-screw extruder for the surface layer.
- a test extruder in which the fats were joined and multilayered at the feed block was used.
- Each cylinder temperature in sheeting was operated and molded at 230 ° C.
- Example V an example of a multilayer sheet with a high thermal deformation temperature
- the haze is 99% or more and the total light transmittance is
- the excess rate is 60% or more
- the diffusion rate is 20% or more
- the b value is less than 1
- light resistance is excellent when the color difference is less than ⁇
- dimensional stability is excellent when the water absorption warpage is 1 mm or less and the heat deformation is 1 mm or less.
- Examples V ⁇ to ⁇ -10 and V-14 are particularly preferred examples that combine all these properties.
- Examples ⁇ —11 to ⁇ —16, ⁇ —18 to ⁇ —23, ⁇ —26 and ⁇ —27 are other examples.
- Examples V-14 to V-16 and V-24 are comparative examples.
- Sheet layer structure b 1. 8 1. 8 and 8 1. 8 1. 8 1. 8 1. 8 1. 8 1. 8 Thickness (mm)
- Type Resin 12 Resin 13 Resin 1 Resin 1 Resin 1 Resin 1 Resin 1 Resin 1 Back layer
- the measuring method of each physical property value is as follows.
- L, a, b are hues before light resistance evaluation
- L ′, a ′, b ′ are hues after light resistance evaluation (after 400 Hr irradiation).
- Hygroscopicity The obtained light diffusion sheet was cut into dimensions of 300 mm x 300 mm, and the deformation after standing for 7 days in an atmosphere of 50 ° C and 80% humidity was measured on a scale. Hygroscopicity was good when the deformation was 1 mm or less.
- Resin composition of styrene copolymer Dissolve styrene copolymer in heavy chloroform to prepare 2% solution, and use FT-NMR (FX-90Q model, manufactured by JEOL Ltd.) as measurement data. ) was used to measure c 13 and calculated from the peak areas of styrene and methyl methacrylate.
- Antistatic property The surface resistivity value of the material conditioned at a temperature of 23 and a humidity of 50% 13 ⁇ 41 for 24 hours in accordance with JIS 1: 6911 was measured using a surface resistivity measuring machine (R50 3) manufactured by KAWAGUCHI. This value was used as a measure of antistatic properties.
- Methacrylic acid content (%) [ ⁇ (A-B) X M ⁇ / (S X 1000)] X 100
- the multilayer sheet of the present invention is a transmissive screen or a liquid crystal screen for a projection television or the like. It can be suitably used in a wide range of fields as a TV fullnel lens, a lenticular lens, a light diffusion plate, and the like.
- Japanese patent application 2004-341624 filed on November 26, 2004, Japanese patent application 2005-109374 filed on April 6, 2005, Japan filed April 7, 2005 Patent application 2005-110800, Japanese patent application filed on April 11, 2005, Japanese patent application 2005-113155, and Japanese patent application 2005-127367 filed on April 26, 2005 , And the entire contents of the abstract are hereby incorporated by reference as a disclosure of the specification of the present invention.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006547873A JP5069908B2 (ja) | 2004-11-26 | 2005-11-25 | 多層シート及び光拡散シート |
Applications Claiming Priority (10)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004341624 | 2004-11-26 | ||
| JP2004-341624 | 2004-11-26 | ||
| JP2005-109374 | 2005-04-06 | ||
| JP2005109374 | 2005-04-06 | ||
| JP2005110800 | 2005-04-07 | ||
| JP2005-110800 | 2005-04-07 | ||
| JP2005113155 | 2005-04-11 | ||
| JP2005-113155 | 2005-04-11 | ||
| JP2005-127367 | 2005-04-26 | ||
| JP2005127367 | 2005-04-26 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2006057355A1 true WO2006057355A1 (ja) | 2006-06-01 |
Family
ID=36498088
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2005/021723 Ceased WO2006057355A1 (ja) | 2004-11-26 | 2005-11-25 | 多層シート及び光拡散シート |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP5069908B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR20070084569A (ja) |
| TW (1) | TW200639210A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2006057355A1 (ja) |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008004668A1 (en) * | 2006-07-06 | 2008-01-10 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Light diffusion sheet |
| WO2008010552A1 (en) * | 2006-07-19 | 2008-01-24 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Styrene resin composition and molded body |
| JP2008209723A (ja) * | 2007-02-27 | 2008-09-11 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | 光拡散シート |
| JP2009126996A (ja) * | 2007-11-27 | 2009-06-11 | Nippon Steel Chem Co Ltd | 光拡散板用樹脂組成物及び光拡散板 |
| WO2011021707A1 (en) * | 2009-08-19 | 2011-02-24 | Fujifilm Corporation | Light-diffusing sheet |
| CN101490169B (zh) * | 2006-07-19 | 2011-06-29 | 电气化学工业株式会社 | 苯乙烯系树脂组合物和成型体 |
| EP2573596A4 (en) * | 2010-05-20 | 2015-05-13 | Sharp Kk | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING OPTICAL ELEMENT |
| WO2016096848A1 (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2016-06-23 | Ineos Styrolution Group Gmbh | Light diffusing styrene copolymer compositions |
| WO2022112590A1 (en) | 2020-11-30 | 2022-06-02 | Ineos Styrolution Group Gmbh | Uv resistant smma copolymers with low haze and high clarity |
| WO2023041512A1 (en) | 2021-09-14 | 2023-03-23 | Ineos Styrolution Group Gmbh | High clarity and low haze uv stabilized styrene and methyl methacrylate copolymers |
| WO2024162461A1 (ja) * | 2023-02-03 | 2024-08-08 | 東洋スチレン株式会社 | 多層成形品、光拡散板 |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101322144B1 (ko) * | 2008-12-17 | 2013-10-25 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 내습성 및 내광성이 우수한 도광판용 열가소성 수지 조성물및 상기 수지 조성물을 이용하여 제조된 도광판 |
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| JPH0418346A (ja) * | 1990-05-11 | 1992-01-22 | Kuraray Co Ltd | アクリル樹脂多層板 |
| JPH11105207A (ja) * | 1997-10-02 | 1999-04-20 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | 光拡散性積層樹脂板 |
| JP2003528750A (ja) * | 2000-03-24 | 2003-09-30 | サイロ インダストリーズ | つや消し外観を呈するプラスチックシート製品及びその調製方法 |
| JP2003320605A (ja) * | 2002-05-01 | 2003-11-11 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | 帯電防止性に優れた透明シート及びその成形品 |
| JP2004009524A (ja) * | 2002-06-06 | 2004-01-15 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | 樹脂積層板 |
-
2005
- 2005-11-25 JP JP2006547873A patent/JP5069908B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-11-25 WO PCT/JP2005/021723 patent/WO2006057355A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2005-11-25 KR KR1020077011886A patent/KR20070084569A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2005-11-28 TW TW094141757A patent/TW200639210A/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0418346A (ja) * | 1990-05-11 | 1992-01-22 | Kuraray Co Ltd | アクリル樹脂多層板 |
| JPH11105207A (ja) * | 1997-10-02 | 1999-04-20 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | 光拡散性積層樹脂板 |
| JP2003528750A (ja) * | 2000-03-24 | 2003-09-30 | サイロ インダストリーズ | つや消し外観を呈するプラスチックシート製品及びその調製方法 |
| JP2003320605A (ja) * | 2002-05-01 | 2003-11-11 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | 帯電防止性に優れた透明シート及びその成形品 |
| JP2004009524A (ja) * | 2002-06-06 | 2004-01-15 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | 樹脂積層板 |
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101374416B1 (ko) * | 2006-07-06 | 2014-03-17 | 덴키 가가쿠 고교 가부시기가이샤 | 광 확산 시트 |
| JPWO2008004668A1 (ja) * | 2006-07-06 | 2009-12-10 | 電気化学工業株式会社 | 光拡散シート |
| WO2008004668A1 (en) * | 2006-07-06 | 2008-01-10 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Light diffusion sheet |
| CN101490169B (zh) * | 2006-07-19 | 2011-06-29 | 电气化学工业株式会社 | 苯乙烯系树脂组合物和成型体 |
| JPWO2008010552A1 (ja) * | 2006-07-19 | 2009-12-17 | 電気化学工業株式会社 | スチレン系樹脂組成物及び成形体 |
| WO2008010552A1 (en) * | 2006-07-19 | 2008-01-24 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Styrene resin composition and molded body |
| JP2008209723A (ja) * | 2007-02-27 | 2008-09-11 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | 光拡散シート |
| JP2009126996A (ja) * | 2007-11-27 | 2009-06-11 | Nippon Steel Chem Co Ltd | 光拡散板用樹脂組成物及び光拡散板 |
| WO2011021707A1 (en) * | 2009-08-19 | 2011-02-24 | Fujifilm Corporation | Light-diffusing sheet |
| EP2573596A4 (en) * | 2010-05-20 | 2015-05-13 | Sharp Kk | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING OPTICAL ELEMENT |
| WO2016096848A1 (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2016-06-23 | Ineos Styrolution Group Gmbh | Light diffusing styrene copolymer compositions |
| US20170362422A1 (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2017-12-21 | Ineos Styrolution Group Gmbh | Light diffusing styrene copolymer compositions |
| US10633528B2 (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2020-04-28 | Ineos Styrolution Group Gmbh | Light diffusing styrene copolymer compositions |
| WO2022112590A1 (en) | 2020-11-30 | 2022-06-02 | Ineos Styrolution Group Gmbh | Uv resistant smma copolymers with low haze and high clarity |
| WO2023041512A1 (en) | 2021-09-14 | 2023-03-23 | Ineos Styrolution Group Gmbh | High clarity and low haze uv stabilized styrene and methyl methacrylate copolymers |
| WO2024162461A1 (ja) * | 2023-02-03 | 2024-08-08 | 東洋スチレン株式会社 | 多層成形品、光拡散板 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP5069908B2 (ja) | 2012-11-07 |
| TW200639210A (en) | 2006-11-16 |
| TWI378961B (ja) | 2012-12-11 |
| KR20070084569A (ko) | 2007-08-24 |
| JPWO2006057355A1 (ja) | 2008-06-05 |
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