WO2006053848A1 - Keramisches isolationsmaterial sowie sensorelement dieses enthaltend - Google Patents
Keramisches isolationsmaterial sowie sensorelement dieses enthaltend Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006053848A1 WO2006053848A1 PCT/EP2005/055833 EP2005055833W WO2006053848A1 WO 2006053848 A1 WO2006053848 A1 WO 2006053848A1 EP 2005055833 W EP2005055833 W EP 2005055833W WO 2006053848 A1 WO2006053848 A1 WO 2006053848A1
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- ceramic
- alkaline earth
- insulation material
- barium
- hexaaluminate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/02—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances
- H01B3/12—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances ceramics
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/406—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
- G01N27/407—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing gases
- G01N27/4071—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing gases using sensor elements of laminated structure
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
- C04B35/111—Fine ceramics
- C04B35/117—Composites
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/406—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
- G01N27/4067—Means for heating or controlling the temperature of the solid electrolyte
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3215—Barium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3217—Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina
- C04B2235/3222—Aluminates other than alumino-silicates, e.g. spinel (MgAl2O4)
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3239—Vanadium oxides, vanadates or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. magnesium vanadate
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
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- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3244—Zirconium oxides, zirconates, hafnium oxides, hafnates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3244—Zirconium oxides, zirconates, hafnium oxides, hafnates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3248—Zirconates or hafnates, e.g. zircon
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- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3418—Silicon oxide, silicic acids, or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. silica sol, fused silica, silica fume, cristobalite, quartz or flint
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
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- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3427—Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
- C04B2235/3463—Alumino-silicates other than clay, e.g. mullite
- C04B2235/3472—Alkali metal alumino-silicates other than clay, e.g. spodumene, alkali feldspars such as albite or orthoclase, micas such as muscovite, zeolites such as natrolite
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/44—Metal salt constituents or additives chosen for the nature of the anions, e.g. hydrides or acetylacetonate
- C04B2235/447—Phosphates or phosphites, e.g. orthophosphate, hypophosphite
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/80—Phases present in the sintered or melt-cast ceramic products other than the main phase
Definitions
- the invention relates to a ceramic insulating material, in particular for sensor elements for determining the concentration of gas components in gas mixtures, a method for its production and a sensor element containing it according to the preamble of the independent claims.
- Exhaust gas sensors used in automotive engines include ceramic sensor elements made, for example, as a laminate of zirconia foils. In this process, functional layers are applied to unsintered zirconia foils in a thick-film process by screen printing and these are then sintered. Since the ceramic foils have sufficient electrical conductivity or ionic conductivity only at relatively high temperatures, which is essential for the electrochemical functioning of ceramic sensor elements, the sensor elements have one or more heating elements which heat the sensor elements to normal operating temperatures of more than 400 ° C. , For insulating such heating elements usually layers of alumina are used. Aluminum oxide has a high insulating ability, so that a coupling within the
- Heating element occurring currents can be effectively avoided in the measurement signals of the electrochemical sensor element.
- impurities such as, for example, silicon dioxide, Ca ions, Mg ions or alkali ions
- the insulating capacity of the aluminum oxide drops considerably. This is caused by diffusion processes at the grain boundaries or in glass phases between the alumina particles.
- Another cause may be to seek a phase transformation; For example, alumina reacts in the presence of sodium ions to form sodium beta aluminate, which is expected to be the ionic conductors.
- Resistance conductor of the heating element immigrated and reacted there with platinum present to Bariumplatinaten. This leads to an undesirable increase in the electrical resistance of the resistance track of the heating element.
- Such an insulating material is known, for example, from DE 102 12 018 A1, which contains an aluminum oxide material and additionally barium sulfate, a barium aluminate, a barium hexaaluminate, Celsian or other alkaline earth metal compounds.
- this insulating material also has a certain residual mobility for barium ions.
- Object of the present invention is to provide a ceramic insulation material in particular for
- the inventive ceramic insulating material or the process for its preparation with the characterizing features of the independent claims solves the problem underlying the invention in an advantageous manner.
- the ceramic insulation material shows in long-term operation a largely constant high electrical resistance and is characterized by a low mobility of the alkaline earth ions contained in the insulation material.
- the insulating material is a hexaaluminate of the corresponding alkaline earth metal and at least one mixed compound of the alkaline earth metal with an acidic oxide, wherein the molar ratio of hexaaluminate to the sum of mixed compounds is 1.3 to 4.0.
- the hexaaluminate contained in the insulating layer and the mixed compound form separate phases within the material.
- the ceramic insulating material is based on aluminum oxide and contains as a mixed compound Celsian and / or barium zirconate. While aluminum oxide is characterized by a particularly high electrical resistance, Celsian and barium zirconate in combination with an alkaline earth hexaaluminate prevent diffusion processes of alkaline earth ions.
- the ceramic insulating material is integrated as insulation of a heating element in a corresponding sensor element. It is particularly advantageous for reasons of cost, to carry out the insulation of the heating element multi-layer, wherein a portion of the layers of the described ceramic insulating material is carried out and another part of the layers of alumina.
- FIG. 1 shows a plot of the increase in the electrical resistance of a heating element containing a ceramic, barium-containing insulating material in long-term operation in% or the resulting extent of a coupling of heater currents into a measuring signal of a sensor element in mV over the
- FIGS. 3 and 4 show schematic cross sections through sensor elements according to two exemplary embodiments, the heater insulation is at least partially made of the ceramic insulation material according to the invention.
- the ceramic insulation material preferably comprises as the ceramic base material aluminum oxide, for example in the form of ⁇ -aluminum oxide (corundum).
- Alumina has a high electrical resistance, which, however, may be compromised in the presence of impurities as described above.
- barium ions By adding barium ions, a creeping decrease in the electrical resistance of the ceramic insulation material caused thereby can be prevented.
- This leads to the above-mentioned problems regarding the mobility of barium ions in the ceramic matrix.
- This problem is solved by the addition or generation of barium hexaaluminate and at least one mixed compound of barium in a predetermined mixing ratio.
- the mixed compound of barium is produced by reaction of barium oxide, barium carbonate or barium sulfate with a so-called acidic oxide, preferably during the production of the ceramic insulating material.
- Acidic oxides are elemental oxides which exhibit an acidic reaction under suitable conditions in water or are suitable for the absorption of bases. These are in particular compounds such as SiO 2 , Nb 2 O 5 , Ta 2 O 5 , ZrO 2 , HfO 2 , V 2 O 5 , P 2 O 5 , and / or TiO 2 .
- Celsian is produced as a mixed compound under suitable mixing ratios. If, in addition or as an alternative, zirconium dioxide is used as the acidic oxide, barium zirconate forms in the presence of barium oxide as mixed compound. If the starting mixture contains alumina, part of the barium oxide reacts with alumina to form barium hexaaluminate. This has a constant high electrical resistance. The resulting mixed compound prevents barium ions, which are not sufficiently firmly anchored in the barium hexaaluminate, from being trapped.
- the construction of a ceramic insulation material produced in this way is illustrated schematically in FIG.
- the ceramic insulating material 10 comprises separate crystalline phases. These are as a main component an ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 phase 12 and crystals of Bariumhexaaluminat 14 and preferably adjacent to the Bariumhexaaluminat crystals one phase of a barium-containing mixed compound 16, depending on the starting materials Celsian, mixed oxides of barium oxide and silica or ternary phases of barium oxide, alumina and silica optionally with the addition of barium zirconate.
- the barium-containing mixed compound 16 may additionally or alternatively also other acidic
- Oxides such as Nb 2 O 5 , Ta 2 O 5 , ZrO 2 , HfO 2 , V 2 O 5 , P 2 O 5 , and / or TiO 2 optionally contain the addition of alumina.
- the existence of the barium-containing mixed compound 16 at the grain boundaries of the barium hexaaluminate or aluminum oxide phases is of particular advantage.
- the long-term test was simulated by heating a sensor element containing the insulating material by means of its integrated heating element to a surface temperature of about 1000 ° C. within 9 seconds and subsequently cooling to room temperature. This cycle was repeated 35,000 times.
- the tested insulation material is based on a barium-containing alumina. It can be seen that when silicon dioxide is added to the heater insulation to form barium hexaaluminate and at least one mixed compound of barium oxide and silicon dioxide with increasing content of silicon dioxide, a significantly smaller increase in the electrical resistance of the heating element in long-term operation is observed. However, the impairment of the sensor measurement signals by coupling in of the currents flowing through the heating element into the measurement signal increases to the same extent. The content of
- Silicon dioxide as an acidic oxide is thus chosen so that on the one hand a small increase in the electrical resistance of the heating element can be observed in long-term operation, on the other hand pronounced couplings of heater currents are avoided in the measurement signal of the sensor element. This is especially the case when the molar ratio of the proportion of Bariumhexaaluminat and the proportion of mixed compound in the ceramic insulating material in a range of 1.3 to 4.0 is selected.
- the ceramic insulating material is produced by preparing a starting mixture of barium oxide, aluminum oxide and one or more acidic oxides.
- BaO, BaSO 4 or BaCO 3 1-15 mol%, preferably 3-7 mol%
- Acid Oxide 0.5-10 mol%, preferably 1-5 mol% Al 2 O 3 : balance
- the acidic oxide (s) is in a mixed phase with barium oxide.
- the mixed phase is formed by Celsian (BaAl 2 Si 2 O 8 ) or another binary or ternary phase consisting of barium oxide, aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide. Excess barium oxide not in the or
- Bariumhexaaluminat fulfills the function of an alkali ion scavenger in the resulting insulating material.
- the mixed compound (Celsian) is unable to do so.
- the Celsian phase has the function of preventing the relatively high undesirable mobility of barium ions within the ceramic matrix by forming a barium ion-impermeable one
- a disadvantage of the Celsian phase is that it has an unfavorably high electrical conductivity. This underlines the importance of a suitable ratio of barium hexaaluminate to mixed compound content, as it allows the electrical conductivity and mobility of the barium ions to be maintained at a sufficiently low level.
- the ratio of the molar equivalents of barium hexaaluminate to BaAl 2 Si 2 O 8 is 1.8.
- a second exemplary composition of a ceramic insulation material is:
- the ratio of the molar equivalents of barium hexaaluminate to the sum of BaAl 2 Si 2 O 8 and BaZrO 3 is 2.1.
- FIG. 3 shows by way of example a sensor element 20 which comprises a heating element 30, the insulation of which is formed at least in part by the ceramic insulation material.
- the sensor element shown serves, for example, for measuring the oxygen content in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines and has, for example, an oxygen ion-conducting solid electrolyte material 22, for example in the form of a layer structure.
- the solid electrolyte layers are designed as ceramic films and form a planar ceramic body.
- the integrated form of the planar ceramic body of the Sensor element 20 is produced by laminating together the printed with functional layers ceramic films and then sintering the laminated structure in a conventional manner.
- the solid electrolyte material used is an oxygen-ion-conducting, ceramic material, such as partially or fully stabilized ZrO 2 with Y 2 O 3 .
- the sensor element 20 includes a measuring gas chamber 23, which is preferably annular, and it includes, for example in a further layer plane, a reference air channel, not shown, which leads out of the planar body of the sensor element 20 at one end and is in communication with the air atmosphere.
- an outer pumping electrode 24 is arranged, which may be covered with a porous protective layer, not shown, and which is arranged annularly around a gas inlet opening 27 around.
- an inner pumping electrode 26 which is adapted to the annular geometry of the measuring gas chamber 23 is also annular. Both pumping electrodes 24, 26 together form an electrochemical pumping cell.
- a measuring electrode 21 Opposite the inner pumping electrode 26 is located in the measuring gas chamber 23, a measuring electrode 21. These, for example, is designed annular. An associated
- Reference electrode is arranged in the air reference channel.
- the measuring and reference electrodes together form a Nernst or concentration cell.
- a porous diffusion barrier 28 is arranged upstream of the inner pumping electrode 26 and the measuring electrode 21 in the diffusion direction of the measuring gas.
- the porous diffusion barrier 28 forms a diffusion resistance with respect to the gas diffusing to the electrodes 21, 26.
- all electrodes used contain a catalytically active material, such as platinum, the electrode material being used as cermet for all electrodes in a manner known per se in order to contact the ceramic To sinter slides.
- the heating element 30 integrated into the ceramic main body of the sensor element 20 comprises a resistance heater 32 embedded between insulating layers. The resistance heater serves to heat the sensor element 20 to the required operating temperature.
- the heating element 30 preferably comprises a first surrounding the resistance heater 32
- the insulation layer 34 is made, for example, of two thick layers which surround the resistance heater 32 above and below and comprises the described ceramic insulation material.
- the two further insulation layers 36, which surround the above-mentioned insulation layer 34 and delimit against the base ceramic, are preferably made of pure Al 2 O 3 or a mixture of Al 2 O 3 and an acidic oxide.
- FIG. 3 Another example of a sensor element having a heating element which is insulated from the surrounding solid electrolyte material by means of the described ceramic insulation material is shown in FIG.
- the same reference numerals designate the same component components as in FIG. 3.
- the insulation layers 34 containing the ceramic insulation material according to the invention now do not directly surround the resistance heater 32 but are arranged between insulation layers 36, one of the insulation layers 36 being in direct contact with the resistance heater 32.
- This insulating layer 36 consists of two thick layers, which are directly adjacent to the resistance heater 32.
- the application of the ceramic insulation material is not based on sensor elements for
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BRPI0518441-0A BRPI0518441A2 (pt) | 2004-11-16 | 2005-11-09 | material de isolamento cerÂmico, bem como elemento de sensor que contÉm o mesmo |
US11/667,867 US20080269043A1 (en) | 2004-11-16 | 2005-11-09 | Ceramic Insulating Material and Sensor Element Containing a Ceramic Insulating Material |
MX2007005853A MX2007005853A (es) | 2004-11-16 | 2005-11-09 | Material aislante ceramico asi como elemento sensor que lo contiene. |
JP2007541918A JP2008520987A (ja) | 2004-11-16 | 2005-11-09 | セラミック絶縁材料並びに前記絶縁材料を含有するセンサ素子 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102004055239A DE102004055239A1 (de) | 2004-11-16 | 2004-11-16 | Keramisches Isolationsmaterial sowie Sensorelement dieses enthaltend |
DE102004055239.8 | 2004-11-16 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2006053848A1 true WO2006053848A1 (de) | 2006-05-26 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/EP2005/055833 WO2006053848A1 (de) | 2004-11-16 | 2005-11-09 | Keramisches isolationsmaterial sowie sensorelement dieses enthaltend |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20080269043A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2008520987A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20070084271A (de) |
CN (1) | CN100484901C (de) |
BR (1) | BRPI0518441A2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102004055239A1 (de) |
MX (1) | MX2007005853A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2006053848A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102008002446A1 (de) * | 2008-06-16 | 2009-12-17 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Sensorelement |
EP2261190A1 (de) * | 2009-06-12 | 2010-12-15 | Treibacher Industrie AG | Yttriumoxidbasierte Aufschlämmungszusammensetzung |
CN114262214A (zh) * | 2022-01-17 | 2022-04-01 | 铜陵华兴精细化工有限公司 | 一种高耐候陶瓷隔膜管及其制备方法 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20020027018A1 (en) * | 2000-07-21 | 2002-03-07 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Insulative ceramic compact |
DE10212018A1 (de) * | 2002-03-19 | 2003-10-02 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Isolationsmaterial und Gassensor |
EP1584921A1 (de) * | 2004-04-01 | 2005-10-12 | Robert Bosch GmbH | Keramisches Heizelement für Gassensoren |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7198764B2 (en) * | 2003-03-05 | 2007-04-03 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Gas treatment system and a method for using the same |
US20060035782A1 (en) * | 2004-08-12 | 2006-02-16 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | PROCESSING METHODS AND FORMULATIONS TO ENHANCE STABILITY OF LEAN-NOx-TRAP CATALYSTS BASED ON ALKALI- AND ALKALINE-EARTH-METAL COMPOUNDS |
-
2004
- 2004-11-16 DE DE102004055239A patent/DE102004055239A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2005
- 2005-11-09 MX MX2007005853A patent/MX2007005853A/es unknown
- 2005-11-09 CN CNB2005800392577A patent/CN100484901C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-11-09 WO PCT/EP2005/055833 patent/WO2006053848A1/de active Application Filing
- 2005-11-09 BR BRPI0518441-0A patent/BRPI0518441A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-11-09 US US11/667,867 patent/US20080269043A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-11-09 JP JP2007541918A patent/JP2008520987A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-11-09 KR KR1020077011108A patent/KR20070084271A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20020027018A1 (en) * | 2000-07-21 | 2002-03-07 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Insulative ceramic compact |
DE10212018A1 (de) * | 2002-03-19 | 2003-10-02 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Isolationsmaterial und Gassensor |
US20050155859A1 (en) * | 2002-03-19 | 2005-07-21 | Bernd Schumann | Insulation material and gas sensor |
EP1584921A1 (de) * | 2004-04-01 | 2005-10-12 | Robert Bosch GmbH | Keramisches Heizelement für Gassensoren |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102004055239A1 (de) | 2006-05-18 |
JP2008520987A (ja) | 2008-06-19 |
CN100484901C (zh) | 2009-05-06 |
KR20070084271A (ko) | 2007-08-24 |
US20080269043A1 (en) | 2008-10-30 |
MX2007005853A (es) | 2008-01-21 |
CN101061081A (zh) | 2007-10-24 |
BRPI0518441A2 (pt) | 2008-11-18 |
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