WO2006046619A1 - 光検出器 - Google Patents
光検出器 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006046619A1 WO2006046619A1 PCT/JP2005/019725 JP2005019725W WO2006046619A1 WO 2006046619 A1 WO2006046619 A1 WO 2006046619A1 JP 2005019725 W JP2005019725 W JP 2005019725W WO 2006046619 A1 WO2006046619 A1 WO 2006046619A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- face plate
- flange portion
- light receiving
- receiving face
- photocathode
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J43/00—Secondary-emission tubes; Electron-multiplier tubes
- H01J43/04—Electron multipliers
- H01J43/28—Vessels, e.g. wall of the tube; Windows; Screens; Suppressing undesired discharges or currents
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a photodetector to which a photomultiplier tube using a photoelectric effect can be applied.
- One of the photodetectors is a photomultiplier tube.
- a so-called headone type photomultiplier tube is provided at a cylindrical body, a light receiving face plate provided at one end of the body, and at the other end of the body.
- a sealed container vacuum sealed container
- a photoelectron emission surface is provided on the inner side surface of the light receiving face plate, and a plurality of dynodes and anodes are disposed so as to be opposed to the photo cathode. ing.
- a plurality of stem pins inserted into the stem are connected to the dynode and anode of each stage.
- incident light that has passed through the light receiving face plate is converted into photoelectrons by the photocathode, and the photoelectrons are emitted from the photocathode into the sealed container.
- the emitted photoelectrons are sequentially multiplied by a dynode to which a predetermined voltage is applied via the stem pin, and among the multiplied secondary electrons, the secondary electrons that have reached the anode are one of the stem pins as an electric signal. It is taken out through the anode pin.
- a flange portion is provided at one end of a metallic hollow body part constituting a part of the sealed container, and a glass-made light receiving face plate is provided on the flange portion.
- a structure in which is bonded by thermal fusion for example, see Patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-10-12185
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and improves the fusion strength and airtightness between the flange portion of the hollow body portion and the light receiving face plate constituting a part of the sealed container. It is an object of the present invention to provide a photodetector having a structure for preventing the above.
- a photodetector includes at least a sealed container whose pressure is reduced to a predetermined degree of vacuum, a photocathode, and an anode.
- the sealed container includes a hollow body portion having a conductive material force, a light receiving face plate joined to one end of the hollow body portion, and a stem joined to the other end of the hollow body portion.
- the photocathode is provided in a sealed container and converts incident light that has passed through the light receiving face plate into electrons.
- the anode is provided in a sealed container and functions to take out, as an output signal, electrons that have directly or indirectly reached among the electrons emitted from the photocathode.
- a flange portion is provided at one end of the hollow body portion so as to protrude toward the body axis passing through the center of the hollow moon body portion.
- the face plate is fusion bonded to the flange portion via an oxide film.
- a sealed container is formed by fusing a flange portion of a hollow hollow body made of metal, for example, with a light receiving face plate made of glass as a conductive material.
- a light receiving face plate made of glass as a conductive material.
- the flange portion is heated with the oxide film interposed between the flange portion and the light receiving face plate, the glass and the oxide plate are heated from around the melting point of the light receiving face plate (glass).
- the film diffuses with each other, and a bonding layer (diffusion layer) in which glass and metal are mixed is formed.
- this diffusion layer adhesion at the fusion interface between the flange portion and the light receiving face plate is sufficiently increased. Further, the bonding strength between the flange portion and the light receiving face plate is increased, and the true air tightness between the flange portion and the light receiving face plate is also increased.
- the light receiving face plate is constituted by a face plate body and a convex portion.
- the face plate main body is a portion that is fusion-bonded to the outer surface of the flange portion that is continuous with the outer peripheral surface of the hollow body portion via an oxide film.
- the convex part has a shape that protrudes so that the face plate body force enters the space surrounded by the flange part (the space defined by the inner edge surface of the flange part). And a portion that is fusion bonded to the flange portion via an oxide film.
- the convex portion as a part of the light receiving face plate, the fusion area between the flange portion of the upper body portion and the light receiving face plate is increased accordingly. Further, the bonding strength and vacuum tightness between the flange portion and the light receiving face plate are further increased.
- the convex portion is formed integrally with the face plate body as a part of the light receiving face plate
- the light receiving face plate is mounted with a glass flat plate on the outer surface of the flange portion on which an oxide film is formed. In this state, it is obtained by heating the hollow body part.
- the glass plate is heated with the glass plate placed on the outer surface of the flange part in the hollow body part, the glass plate is melted, and the space defined by the inner edge surface of the flange part along with this.
- the central part of the glass flat plate is dropped into.
- the dropped portion of the glass flat plate becomes a convex portion.
- a conductive thin film is provided on the front end surface of the convex portion and the inner surface of the flange portion.
- the conductive thin film provided on the tip surface of the convex portion and the conductive thin film provided on the inner surface of the flange portion are connected by wire bonding.
- the photocathode is preferably provided so as to cover the conductive thin film at least on the tip surface of the convex portion.
- the edge force of the tip part of the convex part is the inner surface of the flange part (
- a conductive thin film is provided over the entire surface (facing the outer surface of the flange portion).
- a photocathode is provided on at least the tip surface of the convex portion.
- the photocathode provided on the front end surface of the convex portion is provided so as to cover the conductive thin film located at the edge of the front end surface of the convex portion.
- the unnecessary oxide film formed on the inner surface of the flange portion must be removed by, for example, chemical polishing.
- a chemical polishing process is performed, a depression is generated at the boundary between the flange portion and the convex portion of the light-receiving face plate, so that a conductive property is formed on the front end surface of the convex portion and the inner surface of the flange portion.
- the conductive thin film on the tip surface of the convex portion and the conductive thin film on the inner surface of the flange portion are not electrically connected. Therefore, the conductive thin film on the tip surface of the convex part and the conductive film on the inner surface of the flange part.
- the photodetector according to the present invention is provided in a sealed container so as to be positioned between the photocathode and the stem, and multistage dynos for multiplying photoelectrons emitted from the photoforce sword. If a further electron multiplier section made up of a card is further provided, a suitable photomultiplier tube having the above action can be obtained.
- the anode may be arranged between the electron multiplier and the stem, and the final dynode is sandwiched between the electron multiplier and the final dynode (inverted dynode) together with the stem. And a dynode one level higher.
- the photodetector according to the present invention is preferably provided with a scintillator arranged outside the sealed container so as to sandwich the light receiving face plate together with the stem, and converting the reached radiation into light.
- a scintillator arranged outside the sealed container so as to sandwich the light receiving face plate together with the stem, and converting the reached radiation into light.
- the photodetector of the present invention since the light receiving face plate is fusion bonded to the flange portion of the hollow body via the oxide film, the fusion strength and airtightness between the flange portion and the light receiving face plate are determined. Sex is improved.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an upper structure of a photomultiplier tube as a first embodiment of a photodetector according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the bottom structure of the photomultiplier tube shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the photomultiplier tube shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing in detail the upper structure of the photomultiplier shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view for explaining a process of fusion-bonding to the flange portion of the upper body part while forming the light receiving face plate in the manufacturing process of the photomultiplier tube shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a first modification of the photomultiplier tube shown in FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a second modification of the photomultiplier tube shown in FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a partially cutaway view showing a configuration of a radiation detection apparatus including the photomultiplier shown in FIG. 3, as a second embodiment of the photodetector according to the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing various modifications of the flange portion formed at the upper end of the upper body portion.
- FIG. 10 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing in detail a modification of the superstructure of the photomultiplier shown in FIG.
- FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are plan views respectively showing an upper structure and a bottom structure of a photomultiplier tube as a first embodiment of the photodetector according to the present invention.
- Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the photomultiplier tube along the line ⁇ - ⁇ in Fig. 1. 1 to 3, the photomultiplier tube 1 receives externally incident light, emits photoelectron electrons, cascades the photoelectrons, and outputs the obtained secondary electrons as an electrical signal. It is a device for making it.
- the photomultiplier tube 1 includes an upper body portion 2 made of metal having a substantially cylindrical shape.
- the upper body 2 is made of, for example, an alloy of iron, nickel, and kovar metal.
- One end (upper end) of the upper body part 2 is provided with an annular flange 51 protruding toward the body axis passing through the center of the upper body part 2, and the other end (lower end) of the upper body part 2 is provided with An annular flange portion 52 projecting outside the upper body portion 2 is provided.
- a light receiving face plate 3 made of glass is airtightly fixed to the upper opening end of the upper body portion 2, and an inner surface of the light receiving face plate 3 is used to convert incident light that has passed through the light receiving face plate 3 into photoelectrons.
- a photoelectron emission surface (hereinafter, photocathode) 4 is formed. The light receiving face plate 3 and the photocathode 4 will be described later.
- a disc-shaped stem 5 is disposed at the lower open end of the upper body part 2.
- the side that becomes the vacuum space when the sealed container 8 of the photomultiplier tube 1 is formed is the inner side (upper side).
- a plurality (15) of conductive stem pins 6 that are spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction at a substantially circular position are hermetically inserted into the stem 5.
- the stem 5 is fusion-bonded to the base material 14, the upper presser material 15 fusion-bonded to the upper side (inner side) of the base material 14, and the lower side (outer side) of the base material 14. It has a three-layer structure composed of the lower presser 16.
- the base material 14 is, for example, a disk-shaped member having an insulating glass strength mainly composed of Kovar.
- the upper presser material 15 and the lower presser material 16 are obtained by adding, for example, alumina powder to Kovar.
- the stem pin 6 is directly fused to the base material 14.
- the structure of the stem 5 is not particularly limited to the above-described three-layer structure, and may be a single-layer structure including only the base material, or a two-layer structure including the base material and the pressing material.
- a metallic lower body portion 7 is airtightly fixed to the stem 5 so as to surround the stem 5 with a side force. Specifically, the lower body portion 7 is fused to the base material 14 of the stem 5. One end (upper end) of the lower body portion 7 is provided with an annular flange portion 7a projecting outside the lower body portion 7. By welding the flange portion 7a and the flange portion 52 provided at the lower end of the upper body portion 2, the upper body portion 2 and the lower body portion 7 are fixed in an airtight manner.
- the upper body part 2, the light receiving face plate 3, the stem 5 and the lower body part 7 are used to determine the interior.
- a sealed container 8 vacuum sealed container
- the upper body 2 and the lower body 7 constitute a hollow body that constitutes a part of the sealed container 8.
- an electron multiplier 9 for multiplying photoelectrons emitted from the photocathode 4 is accommodated.
- the electron multiplier section 9 is formed by laminating a plurality of thin dynodes 10 (in this embodiment, 10 stages) each having a number of electron multiplier holes, and the block-shaped electron multiplier section 9 is a stem. It is installed on the top surface of 5.
- a dynode connection piece 10c protruding outward is formed at each edge of the dynode 10, and a tip portion of a stem pin 6 inserted into the stem 5 is fixed by welding to the lower surface side of the dynode connection piece 10c.
- the stem pins 6 corresponding to the dynodes 10 are electrically connected to each other.
- a flat focusing electrode 11 for guiding the photoelectrons emitted from the photocathode 4 to the electron multiplier 9 is provided between the electron multiplier 9 and the photocathode 4. Is installed. Further, in the stage one stage above the last stage dynode 10b (inverted dynode), the secondary electron that has been multiplied by the electron multiplier 9 and then inverted and emitted from the last stage dynode 10b is taken out as an output signal. A flat plate anode 12 is laminated.
- Protruding pieces 11a projecting outward are provided at the four corners of the converging electrode 11, and the stem pins 6 and the converging electrode 11 are electrically connected by welding and fixing the stem pins 6 corresponding to the projecting pieces 11a, respectively. Connected. Further, an anode connecting piece 12a protruding outward is also provided at the edge of the anode 12, and the anode pin 13 which is one of the stem pins 6 is welded and fixed to the anode connecting piece 12a. 13 and anode 12 are electrically connected.
- the photocathode 4 and the focusing electrode 11 are set to the same potential, and the dynode 10 The higher the voltage, the higher the voltage is set.
- the anode 12 is set to a higher potential than the final dynode 10b.
- the light-receiving face plate 3 includes a face plate body 3a that is fusion-bonded to an outer surface (upper surface) 51a of a flange portion 51 formed at one end of the upper body portion 2, and an inner edge surface 51b of the flange portion 51 from the face plate body 3a. And a convex portion 3b fusion-bonded to the inner edge surface 5 lb of the flange portion 51.
- the convex portion 3b may be a part of the face plate body 3a, or may be a separate member from the face plate body 3a.
- the inner edge surface 51b of the flange portion 51 is a surface substantially perpendicular to the upper surface 51a.
- the upper surface of the light receiving surface plate 3 and the lower surface of the light receiving surface plate 3, that is, the front end surface P of the convex portion 3b are substantially flat. Further, the front end surface P of the convex portion 3b is located substantially on the same plane as the inner surface 51c of the flange portion 51.
- a metal oxide film (for example, iron oxide film) 53 is formed on the upper surface 51a and the inner edge surface 51b of the flange portion 51.
- a “metal oxide film” is a film-like metal oxide layer formed by combining elements contained in a workpiece base material with oxygen. For example, when the workpiece base material is exposed to a heated atmosphere. Formed. Therefore, the face plate body 3a of the light receiving face plate 3 is fused to the upper surface 51a of the flange portion 51 via the metal oxide film 53, while the convex part 3b of the light receiving face plate 3 is bonded to the metal oxide film 53. Thus, it is fused to the inner edge surface 51b of the flange portion 51. In the upper body portion 2, the metal oxide film 53 is not formed on the surface of the region other than the upper surface 51a and the inner edge surface 51b of the flange portion 51 joined to the light receiving surface plate 3.
- the photocathode 4 is formed on the tip surface P of the convex portion 3b and the inner surface 51c of the flange portion 51 via a conductive thin film (for example, an aluminum vapor deposition film) 54.
- the conductive thin film 54 is formed over the inner surface of the upper body 2 and the peripheral edge of the lower surface of the light receiving surface plate 3. Therefore, the photocathode 4 is formed on the surface of the conductive thin film 54 on the inner surface 51c of the flange portion 51 and the peripheral portion of the lower surface of the light receiving face plate 3 (the front end surface P of the convex portion 3b).
- the photocathode 4 is formed directly on the surface of the light-receiving surface plate 3 (the region where the conductive thin film 54 is not formed on the tip surface P of the projection 3b) with respect to the central portion of the tip surface P of the projection 3b.
- the surface directly formed on the surface of the light receiving surface plate 3 is the effective surface of the photocathode 4.
- a recess 55 is formed at the boundary portion between the inner edge surface 51b of the flange portion 51 and the convex portion 3b. The recess 55 is generated by removing unnecessary metal oxide film formed on the inner surface 51c of the flange portion 51 by means of mechanical polishing (described later).
- FIG. 5 shows a step of fusion-bonding to the flange portion 51 of the upper body portion 2 while forming the light receiving face plate 3 in the manufacturing steps of the photomultiplier tube 1 shown in FIG.
- an upper body portion 2 and a glass flat plate 57 on which the light receiving face plate 3 is based are prepared. Then, a metal oxide film 53 is formed on the entire surface of the upper body part 2 in, for example, an electric furnace.
- the glass flat plate 57 is placed on the upper surface 5 la of the flange portion 51 of the upper body portion 2.
- the placed upper body 2 is heated using a fusion jig or the like.
- induction heating such as high-frequency heating can be employed.
- the glass flat plate 57 also melts the partial force close to the flange part 51.
- the central portion of the glass plate 57 (the region in contact with the upper surface 51a of the flange portion 51) is defined in the space defined by the inner edge surface 51b of the flange portion 51.
- the upper surface 51a and the inner edge surface 51b of the flange portion 51 and the glass flat plate 57 are fused.
- the light receiving face plate 3 constituted by the face plate body 3a fused to the upper surface 51a of the flange portion 51 and the convex portion 3b fused to the inner edge surface 5lb of the flange portion 51 is formed.
- the light-receiving face plate 3 having the convex portions 3b can be easily and inexpensively produced.
- the manufacturing process of the photomultiplier tube 1 can be simplified. Become.
- a metal oxide film 53 is formed on the surface of the flange portion 51. Therefore, as shown in the region (b) in FIG. 5, when the upper body part 2 is heated in a state where the glass flat plate 57 is in close contact with the flange 51, the melting point of the glass flat plate 57 is exceeded.
- the glass flat plate 57 and the metal oxide film 53 diffuse to each other to form a bonding layer (diffusion layer) in which glass and metal are mixed.
- the adhesion between the flange 51 and the light receiving face plate 3 is improved. This is also advantageous in terms of sealing performance (vacuum tightness) and bonding strength between the flange 51 and the light receiving face plate 3.
- the surface of the upper fuselage portion 2 is considered.
- the exposed metal oxide film 53 is removed by chemical polishing.
- a depression 55 is formed at the boundary portion between the inner edge surface 51b of the flange portion 51 and the convex portion 3b of the light receiving surface plate 3 as described above.
- a conductive thin film 54 is formed on the inner surface of the upper body portion 2 and the edge of the lower surface of the light receiving surface plate 3 (the tip surface P of the convex portion 3b). Then, the conductive thin film 54 formed on the inner surface of the upper body portion 2 and the conductive thin film 54 formed on the lower surface of the light receiving face plate 3 are electrically connected by a wire 56 (wire bonding). As a result, even if there is a depression 55 at the boundary between the inner edge surface 51b of the flange portion 51 and the convex portion 3b of the light receiving face plate 3, the conductive thin film 54 and the light receiving face plate formed on the inner surface of the upper body portion 2.
- the photocathode 4 is formed on the inner surface 51c of the flange portion 51 and the front end surface P of the convex portion 3b of the light receiving face plate 3.
- the photocathode 4 is formed, for example, by reacting an alkali metal with the deposited antimony over the inner surface of the upper body portion 2 also on the lower surface of the light receiving surface plate 3 (the tip surface P of the convex portion 3b).
- the entire inner surface of the upper body portion 2 including the inner surface 51c of the flange portion 51 may be used.
- the conductive thin film 54 is formed over the peripheral edge of the tip surface P of the convex portion 3b of the light receiving surface plate 3, and the conductive thin film 54 formed on the tip surface P of the convex portion 3b and the inner surface 51c of the flange portion 51
- the electrically conductive thin film 54 formed on is electrically connected by wire bonding.
- the conductive thin film 54 is formed with a width of 0.5 mm at the peripheral edge of the front end surface P of the convex portion 3b.
- a photocathode 4 having an effective diameter of 8 mm is obtained.
- the light receiving face plate 3 is fusion-bonded to the flange portion 51 via the metal oxide film 53 formed on the surface of the flange portion 51 of the upper body portion 2. Therefore, as described above, the adhesion between the flange portion 51 and the light receiving face plate 3 becomes sufficiently high.
- the light receiving face plate 3 includes a face plate main body 3a and a convex portion 3b.
- the face plate main body 3a is fused to the upper surface 51a of the flange portion 51, while the convex portion 3b is attached to the inner edge surface 51b of the flange portion 51. Since it is fused, the fused area between the light receiving face plate 3 and the flange portion 51 is widened. Thereby, the bonding strength (fusion strength) and the sealing performance at the fusion interface between the light receiving face plate 3 and the flange portion 51 are improved.
- FIG. 6 a cross-sectional view (corresponding to a cross-sectional view taken along the line ⁇ - ⁇ in FIG. 1) showing the configuration of the first modification of the photomultiplier tube 1 is shown in FIG.
- a metal exhaust pipe 19 is provided at the center of the stem 5.
- the exhaust pipe 19 is used for exhausting the inside of the sealed container 8 with a vacuum pump or the like after the assembly of the photomultiplier tube 20 is completed.
- Other configurations are the same as those of the photomultiplier tube 1.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view (corresponding to a cross-sectional view taken along the line ⁇ - ⁇ in FIG. 1) showing the configuration of the second modification of the photomultiplier tube 1.
- a body part 27 (upper body part) that is longer than the upper body part 2 is fitted to the lower body part 7 fixed to the stem 5,
- a flange portion 7a formed at the lower end portion of the lower body portion 7 and a flange portion 27a formed at the lower end portion of the moon body portion 27 are fixed by welding.
- Other configurations are the same as those of the photomultiplier tube 20 according to the first modification shown in FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a partially cutaway view showing a configuration of a radiation detection apparatus including the above-described photomultiplier tube 1 as a second embodiment of the photodetector according to the present invention.
- a radiation detection device 21 is provided on the upper side (outside) of the light receiving face plate 3 of the photomultiplier tube 1 and includes a scintillator 22 that converts radiation into light.
- a radiation detector 21 is a photomultiplier. Since the tube 1 is provided, it is possible to improve the fusion strength and the sealing performance between the light receiving face plate 3 and the flange portion 51 of the upper body portion 2.
- the photodetector according to the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments.
- the shape of the flange portion 51 of the upper body portion 2 is not particularly limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made as shown in FIG. 9, for example.
- the flange portion 51 shown in the region (a) in FIG. 9 is provided with an inner edge surface 5 lb inclined with respect to the upper surface 5 la.
- the flange portion 51 shown in the region (b) in FIG. 9 is provided with an inclined surface 51d that connects the upper surface 51a and the inner edge surface 51b.
- the flange portion 51 shown in the region (c) in FIG. 9 is provided with a curved inner edge surface 5 lb.
- the photocathode 4 is formed from the front end surface P of the convex portion 3 b of the light receiving surface plate 3 to the inner surface 51 c of the flange portion 51.
- the photocathode 4 is formed only on the tip surface P of the convex portion 3b of the light receiving surface plate 3, and the conductive cathode 4 formed on the tip surface P of the convex portion 3b of the light receiving surface plate 3 is electrically conductive.
- the thin film 54 may be connected to the conductive thin film 54 formed on the inner surface 51c of the flange portion 51 with a wire 56.
- the photocathode 4 formed at the peripheral edge of the front end surface P of the convex portion 3b is formed on the surface of the conductive thin film 54.
- the light-receiving surface plate 3 is formed into the flange portion 51 of the upper body portion 2 at the stage where the light-receiving surface plate 3 having the convex portions 3b is formed by using the drop of the glass flat plate 57 by heating. It is fused and bonded. While receiving force, separate the light receiving face plate 3 composed of the face plate body 3a and the convex portion 3b, and the light receiving face plate 3 may be fusion bonded to the flange portion 51.
- the light receiving face plate 3 including the face plate body 3a and the convex portion 3b is applied.
- a flat light receiving face plate may be applied.
- the flat light-receiving face plate is fusion bonded to the flange portion 51 via the metal oxide film 53 formed on the outer surface 51a or the inner surface 51c of the flange portion 51.
- the photodetector As each embodiment of the photodetector, a photomultiplier tube and a radiation detection apparatus including the photomultiplier tube are shown.
- the photodetector according to the present invention can also be applied to an electron tube or the like without an electron multiplier.
- the photodetector according to the present invention can be applied to a detection apparatus and a portable measuring instrument in various fields such as a medical detection and an environment including a radiation detection apparatus.
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- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2004-316246 | 2004-10-29 | ||
JP2004316246A JP4627431B2 (ja) | 2004-10-29 | 2004-10-29 | 光検出器及び放射線検出装置 |
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WO2006046619A1 true WO2006046619A1 (ja) | 2006-05-04 |
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PCT/JP2005/019725 WO2006046619A1 (ja) | 2004-10-29 | 2005-10-26 | 光検出器 |
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JP (1) | JP4627431B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006046619A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
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EP2180497A1 (en) * | 2008-10-23 | 2010-04-28 | Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. | Electron tube |
CN105526987A (zh) * | 2016-01-07 | 2016-04-27 | 北京万顺华科技有限公司 | 一种光电液位开关用检测头 |
CN112585718A (zh) * | 2018-05-07 | 2021-03-30 | 艾德特斯解决方案有限公司 | 具有改进构造的检测器 |
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JPH11345588A (ja) * | 1998-06-01 | 1999-12-14 | Hamamatsu Photonics Kk | 光電子増倍管及び放射線検出装置 |
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JP2796046B2 (ja) * | 1993-10-21 | 1998-09-10 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 光電変換管 |
JP3620925B2 (ja) * | 1996-06-19 | 2005-02-16 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 光電子増倍管 |
WO2003098658A1 (fr) * | 2002-05-15 | 2003-11-27 | Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. | Tube photomultiplicateur et son procédé d'utilisation |
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2004
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JPH03193862A (ja) * | 1989-12-22 | 1991-08-23 | Nippon Mining Co Ltd | ガラス封着用合金の予備酸化方法 |
JPH10241554A (ja) * | 1997-02-28 | 1998-09-11 | Hamamatsu Photonics Kk | 光電陰極 |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP2180497A1 (en) * | 2008-10-23 | 2010-04-28 | Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. | Electron tube |
US8040060B2 (en) | 2008-10-23 | 2011-10-18 | Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. | Electron tube |
CN105526987A (zh) * | 2016-01-07 | 2016-04-27 | 北京万顺华科技有限公司 | 一种光电液位开关用检测头 |
CN112585718A (zh) * | 2018-05-07 | 2021-03-30 | 艾德特斯解决方案有限公司 | 具有改进构造的检测器 |
CN112585718B (zh) * | 2018-05-07 | 2024-05-28 | 艾德特斯解决方案有限公司 | 具有改进构造的检测器 |
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