WO2006041156A1 - スクアリリウム化合物ならびにこれを用いた光電変換材料、光電変換素子および光電気化学電池 - Google Patents
スクアリリウム化合物ならびにこれを用いた光電変換材料、光電変換素子および光電気化学電池 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
- C07D209/04—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
- C07D209/08—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, directly attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
- C07D209/82—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles
- C07D209/88—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the ring system
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/96—Spiro-condensed ring systems
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B57/00—Other synthetic dyes of known constitution
- C09B57/007—Squaraine dyes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2027—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
- H01G9/2031—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2059—Light-sensitive devices comprising an organic dye as the active light absorbing material, e.g. adsorbed on an electrode or dissolved in solution
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M14/00—Electrochemical current or voltage generators not provided for in groups H01M6/00 - H01M12/00; Manufacture thereof
- H01M14/005—Photoelectrochemical storage cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/60—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/60—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
- H01M4/602—Polymers
- H01M4/606—Polymers containing aromatic main chain polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/652—Cyanine dyes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a squarylium compound that can be used for a photoelectric conversion element, a photoelectrochemical cell using the squarylium compound, and the like.
- This battery is a wet solar battery using a ruthenium complex as a photosensitizer and a porous titanium dioxide thin film as a working electrode (see, for example, Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1).
- a ruthenium complex of the sensitizing dye is expensive, development of a photoelectric conversion element that is sensitized by an inexpensive organic dye is desired.
- Patent Document 1 U.S. Pat.No. 4,927,721
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-11-86916
- Patent Document 3 European Patent No. 911841 Specification
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-76773
- Non-Patent Document 1 “Nature”, 1991, No. 353, p. 737-740 Disclosure of the Invention
- An object of the present invention is to provide a squaryum compound that can be used in a photoelectric conversion element that is inexpensive and has high energy conversion efficiency, a photoelectrochemical cell that uses the squarymium compound, and the like.
- the present invention provides the following [1] to [11].
- R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group which may have a substituent, a substituent, or an aralkyl group or a substituent.
- R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are the same or different and Child
- R 3 and R 5 , or R 4 and R 6 together with two adjacent carbon atoms, are each a substituent R 1 and R 3 , or R 2 and R 4 may be adjacent to each other, may have a hydrocarbon ring
- R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R 1C> may be the same as or different from each other, and may form a heterocyclic ring which may have a substituent together with N—C—C.
- R 9 and R 1C> is a go-between, such together with the adjacent carbon atom, a substituent
- R 7 and R 9 may have an alicyclic hydrocarbon ring or a substituent, and may form a heterocyclic ring.
- Or may have a hydrocarbon ring or a substituent, and may form a heterocyclic ring, and X represents a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom (provided that X represents an oxygen atom)
- R 9 and R 1C> do not exist, and in the case where X is a nitrogen atom, R 1 (> does not exist), R 11 has a halogen atom or a substituent. May have a good alkyl group, an alkoxyl group which may have a substituent, an aralkyl group which may have a substituent, or a substituent.
- An aryl group, a nitro group, a cyano group, a hydroxyl group, or a substituent which may be an amino group or a substituent, and represents a heterocyclic group, and m is 0-3.
- R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R 1C) are the same or different and are a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, or R 7 and R 8 are the same or different and are a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and R The squarylium compound according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein 1C> forms an alicyclic hydrocarbon ring together with adjacent carbon atoms.
- a photoelectric conversion comprising the squarylium compound according to any one of [1] to [8] and a semiconductor material.
- a photoelectrochemical cell comprising the photoelectric conversion element according to [10].
- the squarylium compound represented by the general formula (I) may be expressed as a compound (I).
- a squarylium compound that can be used in a photoelectric conversion element having low cost and high energy conversion efficiency, a photoelectrochemical cell using the squarylium compound, and the like.
- examples of the alkyl moiety in the alkyl group and the alkoxyl group include, for example, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a cyclic group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples thereof include methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, isobutyl group, sec butyl group, tert butyl group, pentyl group, isopentyl group, 1 methylbutyl group, 2- Examples thereof include a methylbutyl group, a tert pentyl group, a hexyl group, a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, and a cyclooctyl group.
- Examples of the aralkyl group include aralkyl groups having 7 to 15 carbon atoms, and specific examples thereof include a benzyl group, a phenethyl group, a phenylpropyl group, and a naphthylmethyl group.
- aryl group examples include aryl groups having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, and specific examples thereof include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, and an azulenyl group.
- halogen atom examples include a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, a fluorine atom and an iodine atom.
- Examples of the aromatic ring formed by combining two adjacent R 11 together with two adjacent carbon atoms include a benzene ring.
- Examples of the hydrocarbon ring formed by combining R 3 and R 5 or R 4 and R 6 together with two adjacent carbon atoms include an unsaturated hydrocarbon ring having 5 to 10 carbon atoms. Specific examples thereof include a cyclopentene ring, cyclohexene ring, cycloheptene ring, cyclooctene ring, benzene ring, naphthalene ring and the like.
- the hydrocarbon ring formed by combining R 7 and R 9 together with adjacent C—X is, for example, a hydrocarbon ring having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, which is saturated or unsaturated. Specific examples thereof include cyclopropane ring, cyclobutane ring, cyclopentane ring, cyclohexane ring, cycloheptane ring, cyclooctane ring, cyclopentene ring, 1,3-cyclopentagen ring, cyclohexene Ring, cyclohexagen ring, cyclooctane ring, benzene ring and the like.
- Examples of the alicyclic hydrocarbon ring formed by combining R 9 and R 1C> together with adjacent carbon atoms include alicyclic hydrocarbon rings having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and are saturated. Specific examples that may be unsaturated include cyclopropane ring, cyclobutane ring, cyclopentane ring, cyclohexane ring, cycloheptane ring, cyclooctane ring, cyclopentene ring, 1,3-cyclopenta ring. Examples include a gen ring, a cyclohexene ring, a cyclohexagen ring, and a cyclooctane ring.
- heterocyclic ring in the heterocyclic group for example, a 5-membered or 6-membered monocyclic aromatic or aliphatic heterocyclic ring containing at least one atom selected from a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, and a sulfur atom force
- 3 Specific examples include bicyclic or tricyclic condensed 8-membered rings containing at least one atom selected from a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, and a sulfur atom.
- Examples include pyridine ring, pyrazine ring, pyrimidine ring, pyridadine ring, quinoline ring, isoquinoline ring, phthalazine ring, quinazoline ring, quinoxaline ring, naphthyridine ring, cinnoline ring, pyrrole ring, pyrazole ring, imidazole ring, triazole ring.
- Examples of the heterocyclic ring formed by combining R 7 and R 9 with adjacent C—X and the heterocyclic ring formed by combining R 9 and R 1C> with an adjacent carbon atom include: , Nitrogen atom, oxygen atom and sulfur nuclear power 5-membered or 6-membered monocyclic aliphatic heterocyclic ring containing at least one selected atom, bicyclic or tricyclic nitrogen condensed with 3-8 membered ring Atoms, oxygen atoms and sulfur nuclear energy include aliphatic heterocyclic rings containing at least one selected atom, and specific examples thereof include pyrrolidine ring, piperidine ring, piperazine ring, morpholine ring, thiomorpholine.
- heterocyclic ring formed by combining R 1 and R 2 with the adjacent nitrogen atom examples include, for example, a 5-membered or 6-membered monocyclic heterocyclic ring containing at least one nitrogen atom
- a monocyclic heterocycle may contain other nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atoms), a bicyclic or tricyclic condensed 3- to 8-membered ring and containing at least one nitrogen atom.
- Cyclic heterocyclic rings (the condensed heterocyclic rings may contain other nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atoms), and specific examples thereof include pyrrolidine ring, piperidine ring, piperidine ring, and the like.
- the heterocyclic ring formed by combining R 1 and R 3 or R 2 and R 4 together with adjacent N—C—C includes, for example, a 5-membered structure containing at least one nitrogen atom Or a 6-membered monocyclic heterocycle (this monocyclic heterocycle may contain other nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atoms), a bicyclic or tricyclic condensed 3- to 8-membered ring Specific examples of the condensed heterocyclic ring containing at least one nitrogen atom (the condensed heterocyclic ring may contain other nitrogen atom, oxygen atom or sulfur atom).
- Pyrroline ring 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydropyridine ring, 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydropyrazine ring, 2,3 dihydronoroxazine ring, 2,3 dihydro-1,4 thiazine ring, tetrahydroazepine ring Tetrahydrodiazepine ring, tetrahydroquinoline ring, tetrahydroi Quinoline ring, pyrrole ring, imidazole ring, a pyrazole ring, an indole ring, and the like.
- the heterocyclic ring formed by R 3 and R 5 or R 4 and R 6 together with two adjacent carbon atoms is selected from, for example, a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, and a sulfur atom 5-membered or 6-membered monocyclic aromatic heterocycle containing at least one atom, bicyclic or tricyclic fused with 3-8 membered ring, and at least one selected from nitrogen atom, oxygen atom and sulfur atom
- Examples thereof include condensed aromatic heterocycles containing a single atom, such as pyridine ring, pyrazine ring, pyrimidine ring, pyridazine ring, quinoline ring, isoquinoline ring, phthalazine ring, quinazoline ring, quinoxaline ring, Naphthyridine ring, cinnoline ring, pyrrole ring, pyrazole ring, imidazole ring, triazole ring, thiophene ring, furan
- An aralkyl group, an aryl group, an aromatic ring formed by joining two adjacent R 11 together with two adjacent carbon atoms, R 3 and R 5 , or R 4 and R 6 are A hydrocarbon ring formed with two adjacent carbon atoms each, a hydrocarbon ring formed with adjacent C—X with R 7 and R 9 , R 9 and R 1C> An alicyclic hydrocarbon ring formed with an adjacent carbon atom, a heterocyclic group, a heterocyclic ring formed with R 1 and R 2 together with an adjacent nitrogen atom, R 3 and R 5 Or a heterocycle formed by R 4 and R 6 together with two adjacent carbon atoms, and a heterocycle formed by R 7 and R 9 together with an adjacent C—X.
- R 9 and heterocycle and R 1 and R 3 R 1C> is formed together with the adjacent carbon atoms or R 2 Contact
- substituent of the heterocyclic ring fine R 4 is connexion formed such together with the adjacent N-C-C, respectively, for example, the same or are different and from 1 to 5 substituents, specifically, Examples thereof include a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxyl group, a nitro group, an alkyl-substituted or unsubstituted amino group.
- a halogen atom, an alkyl group and an alkoxyl group have the same meanings as described above, and the alkyl part of the alkyl-substituted amino group has the same meaning as the alkyl group.
- Examples of the substituent for the alkyl group and alkoxyl group include the same or different one to three substituents, specifically, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a halogen atom, Examples include a lucoxyl group.
- a halogen atom and an alkoxyl group are as defined above.
- substituent of the amino group examples include one or two alkyl groups which are the same or different, and the alkyl group in this case is as defined above.
- the acidic group refers to a group having a hydrogen atom that can be dissociated, and examples thereof include a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, a phosphono group, and a sulfo group. These groups may form salts with alkali metal ions, ammonium ions, organic ammonium ions and the like. Further, an intramolecular complex salt may be formed. Examples of the alkali metal in the alkali metal ion include lithium, sodium, and potassium. Examples of organic ammonia include tetraptyl ammonium.
- Examples of the solvent include halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, dichloromethane and 1,2-dichloroethane, ethers such as jetyl ether and tert-butyl methyl ether, and aromatics such as toluene and benzene.
- halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, dichloromethane and 1,2-dichloroethane
- ethers such as jetyl ether and tert-butyl methyl ether
- aromatics such as toluene and benzene.
- hydrocarbons examples include hydrocarbons, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and propanol, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and the like.
- Examples of the base include organic bases such as quinoline, triethylamine, and pyridine, and inorganic bases such as potassium carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and sodium hydroxide. .
- Compound (IV) can be obtained, for example, as a commercial product.
- Compound (VI) is compound (V) in 50 to 90% by volume of acetic acid aqueous solution at 90 to 120 ° C for 0.1 to 7 hours, or in 50 to 99% by weight of trifluoroacetic acid aqueous solution, It is obtained by treating at 50 ° C for 0.1 to 3 hours.
- Compound (I) is obtained by mixing compound (VI) with 1 to 2 moles of compound (VII), if necessary, in the presence of 1 to 2 moles of a base in a solvent at 80 to 120 ° C. It can be obtained by reacting for ⁇ 15 hours.
- Examples of the solvent include only alcohol solvents having 2 to 8 carbon atoms such as ethanol, propanol, isopropyl alcohol, butanol and octanol, or a mixed solvent of the alcohol solvent and benzene or toluene (alcohol 40). Volume% or more) is used.
- alcohol solvents having 2 to 8 carbon atoms such as ethanol, propanol, isopropyl alcohol, butanol and octanol, or a mixed solvent of the alcohol solvent and benzene or toluene (alcohol 40). Volume% or more) is used.
- Examples of the base include organic bases such as quinoline, triethylamine, and pyridine, and inorganic bases such as potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, and sodium bicarbonate.
- Compound (VII) can be produced by a known method (Tetrahedron, 1989, Vol. 45, No. 15, p. 48 45, etc.) or according thereto.
- the compound (I) is further purified by a method usually used in organic synthetic chemistry (column chromatography, recrystallization, washing with a solvent, etc.) if necessary by evaporating or filtering the solvent. Thus, it can be isolated and purified.
- Compound ( ⁇ ) is obtained by mixing Compound (V) with 1 to 2 moles of Compound (VII), if necessary, in the presence of 1 to 2 moles of a base in a solvent at 80 to 120 ° C. It can be obtained by reacting for ⁇ 15 hours.
- Examples of the solvent include only alcohol solvents having 2 to 8 carbon atoms such as ethanol, propanol, isopropyl alcohol, butanol, and octanol, or a mixed solvent of the alcohol solvent and benzene or toluene (alcohol 40). Volume% or more) is used.
- the base examples include organic bases such as quinoline, triethylamine, and pyridine, and inorganic bases such as potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, and sodium bicarbonate.
- organic bases such as quinoline, triethylamine, and pyridine
- inorganic bases such as potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, and sodium bicarbonate.
- the photoelectric conversion material of the present invention contains compound (I) or (II) and a semiconductor.
- the photoelectric conversion element of the present invention is a conductive support, a semiconductor thin film electrode sensitized by the compound (I) or (i) placed on the conductive support, a charge transfer layer, a counter electrode, etc. Power composed.
- the photoelectrochemical cell according to the present invention is one in which this photoelectric conversion element can be used for a battery for working in an external circuit. That is, the photoelectrochemical cell of the present invention is such that an external circuit connected to the conductive support and the counter electrode of the photoelectric conversion element of the present invention via a lead works.
- the photoelectrochemical cell is preferably sealed on the side with a polymer, an adhesive or the like in order to prevent deterioration of the constituents and volatilization of the electrolyte used for the charge transfer layer.
- the semiconductor used for the photoelectric conversion material is a so-called photoconductor, which absorbs light and separates charges to generate electrons and holes.
- a semiconductor sensitized by compound (I) or ( ⁇ ) light absorption and the generation of electrons and holes thereby occurs mainly in compound (I) or ( ⁇ ), and the semiconductor receives this electron and transmits it. To play a role.
- the semiconductor is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include titanium oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide, bismuth oxide, zirconium oxide, tantalum oxide, niobium oxide, tandasten oxide, iron oxide, gallium oxide, nickel oxide, and the like.
- the semiconductor thin film is preferably a compound semiconductor having a nanoporous structure with nanoparticle force, and can be manufactured using the semiconductors listed above [Journal of American 'Ceramic' Society (Journal of American Ceramic Society), 1997, No. 80, No. 12, p. 3157].
- the semiconductor thin film electrode used in the photoelectric conversion element of the present invention is prepared, for example, by preparing a transparent electrode as a conductive support, laminating a semiconductor thin film on the transparent electrode, and forming the compound (I ) Or ( ⁇ ) can be adsorbed.
- the transparent electrode is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity.
- a transparent or translucent glass substrate or plastic plate for example, fluorine or antimony-doped oxide oxide, tin-doped indium oxide, zinc oxide, etc.
- Those coated with a conductive transparent oxide semiconductor thin film, preferably those coated with a fluorine-doped tin oxide thin film are used.
- Examples of the method of placing the compound semiconductor on the conductive support include a method of applying a dispersion or colloidal solution of the compound semiconductor on the conductive support, and the like. Method, dipping method, air knife method, blade method, spin method, spray method and the like.
- the compound semiconductor is preferably heat-treated in order to electronically contact the semiconductor fine particles after being applied to the conductive support, and to improve the coating film strength and the adhesion to the support.
- a preferable heat treatment temperature range is 100 to 600 ° C.
- the heat treatment time is 10 minutes to 10 hours.
- a method of performing heat treatment A method in which a dispersion of a compound semiconductor or a mixture of a colloidal solution and a titanium salt (eg, tetrasalt-titanium) is applied to a conductive support and then subjected to hydrothermal treatment. Electrophoretic electrodeposition by electrophoresis, after applying compound semiconductor dispersion or colloidal solution to a conductive support, pressurizing and pressing at a pressure of about 98070 kPa, compound semiconductor dispersion A method of irradiating a microwave of about 28 GHz after coating a liquid or colloidal solution on a conductive support is used.
- the film thickness of the semiconductor thin film is preferably 0.1-100 ⁇ m, more preferably 2-25 ⁇ m.
- the adsorption of the compound (I) or (ii) on the semiconductor thin film is carried out by immersing the semiconductor thin film coated on the support in the compound (I) or (iii) solution, and at room temperature for 1 minute to 2 days. Alternatively, it can be carried out by leaving it for 1 minute to 24 hours under heating conditions.
- the solvent used when the compound (I) or ( ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ) is adsorbed on the semiconductor thin film is not particularly limited as long as it is a solvent that dissolves the compound (I) or ( ⁇ ).
- the concentration of the compound (I) or ( ⁇ ) solution is preferably 0. OlmmolZl or more. 0.1 to 1. OmmolZl Is more preferable.
- the compound (I) or ( ⁇ ) and a known dye such as a ruthenium complex dye or other organic dye (for example, Polymethine dyes) and the like may be used in combination.
- a steroid-like compound having a carboxyl group for example, chenodeoxycholic acid
- a steroid-like compound having a carboxyl group for example, chenodeoxycholic acid
- a steroid-like compound having a carboxyl group for example, chenodeoxycholic acid
- the charge transfer layer is a layer having a function of replenishing electrons to the oxidant of the compound (I) or ( ⁇ ) [the compound (I) or ( ⁇ ) absorbing light is Will be converted to an oxidant to release.
- redox Liquid electrolyte solution
- gel electrolyte in which a redox ion pair is dissolved in an organic solvent
- polymer electrolyte impregnated with the polymer a molten salt containing a redox ion pair
- solid electrolyte an inorganic compound semiconductor
- organic positive electrode examples thereof include a hole transport material.
- redox ion pair examples include, but are not limited to, iodine redox, bromine redox, iron redox, tin redox, chromium redox, vanadium redox, sulfide ion redox, and anthraquinone redox. More specifically, iodine redox includes imidazolium iodide derivatives, lithium iodide, potassium iodide, tetraalkyl ammonium salt and the like, and iodine bromide, and bromine redox includes imidazolium bromide.
- Examples thereof include a mixture of a derivative, lithium bromide, potassium bromide, tetraalkylammonium bromide salt and bromine.
- a mixture of iodine with lithium iodide, imidazolium iodide derivatives, etc. is preferred.
- the organic solvent that dissolves the redox ion pair is not limited as long as it is a stable solvent that dissolves the redox ion pair.
- Organic solvents such as carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, nitromethane and the like can be mentioned, and a mixed solvent thereof may be used.
- acetonitrile, methoxyacetonitrile, propio-tolyl, methoxypropio-tolyl are used.
- the concentration of the redox ion pair in the electrolytic solution is preferably 0.01 to 5. Omol / 1, more preferably 0.05 to: L Omol / 1.
- the electrolytic solution may contain a basic compound such as tert-butylpyridine, 2-picoline, and 2,6-lutidine.
- concentration of the basic compound is preferably 0.01 to 5.
- Examples of the polymer used for the gel electrolyte include polyacrylonitrile and polyvinylidene fluoride.
- Examples of the molten salt include 1-butyl-3-methylpyridumumudide, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliummide, lithium iodide, lithium acetate, lithium perchlorate, and the like.
- the fluidity at room temperature may be improved by mixing a polymer such as polyethylene oxide with the polymer.
- Examples of the solid electrolyte include polymers such as polyethylene oxide derivatives.
- Examples of the inorganic compound semiconductor include copper iodide, copper bromide, and copper thiocyanide.
- the inorganic compound semiconductor may contain a molten salt such as triethyl ammonium thiocyanate.
- organic hole transport material examples include polythiophene derivatives and polypyrrole derivatives.
- a titanium dioxide thin film may be applied as an undercoat layer (short-circuit prevention layer) by using a method such as spray pyrolysis to prevent a short circuit.
- charge transfer layer There are two methods for forming the charge transfer layer.
- One method is to first attach a counter electrode to a semiconductor thin film electrode on which a dye is adsorbed, and then inject a liquid charge transfer layer into the gap. It is a method to do.
- the other is a method in which a charge transfer layer is directly applied to a semiconductor thin film electrode, and a counter electrode is subsequently applied.
- a normal pressure process utilizing capillary action and a vacuum process in which the gas phase is replaced with a liquid phase at a pressure lower than normal pressure can be used.
- a counter electrode is provided without being dried, and measures for preventing liquid leakage at the edge are also taken.
- a gel electrolyte there is a method in which it is applied in a wet manner and fixed by a method such as polymerization. In that case, the electrode can be applied after drying and fixing.
- the method for applying the electrolyte, wet organic hole transport material or gel electrolyte is the same as that for applying the semiconductor thin film electrode and the dye, dipping method, roller method, dipping method, air knife method, blade method, spin method. Method, spray method and the like.
- a solid electrolyte, an inorganic compound semiconductor, or a solid organic hole transport material a solution obtained by dissolving them in a solvent or the like is dropped onto a heated semiconductor thin film electrode and dried by vaporizing the solvent on the semiconductor thin film electrode.
- a counter electrode can be applied after the charge transfer layer is formed by forming a solidified charge transfer layer or by forming a charge transfer layer by a dry film formation process such as a vacuum deposition method or a CVD method (chemical vapor deposition method).
- Examples of the counter electrode used in the photoelectric conversion element of the present invention include platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, carbon, an oxide semiconductor electrode and the like coated in a thin film on a conductive substrate. Platinum, carbon electrodes and the like coated in a thin film on a conductive substrate are preferred.
- the photoelectric conversion element of the present invention is not limited as long as it prevents contact between the semiconductor thin film electrode and the counter electrode, which may use a spacer.
- a polymer film such as polyethylene is used.
- the raw material 4- (N, N-di n-butylaminophenol) 1 3 hydroxycyclobutene-1,2,2-dione was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the titanium dioxide electrode substrate (1 cm X 3 cm) prepared as described above was superposed on a platinum-deposited glass of the same size.
- an electrolytic solution iodine 0. O5 mol / U lithium iodide 0.1 mol / U iodide dimethylpropylimidazole 0.62 molZl, tert-butylpyridine 0.5 mol / l acetonitrile solution
- a photoelectrochemical cell was obtained by infiltrating the gap using a capillary phenomenon and introducing it between the titanium dioxide electrode and the counter electrode.
- This photoelectrochemical cell was irradiated with simulated sunlight of lOOmWZcm 2 using a 500W xenon short arc lamp (manufactured by Usio Electric), and its characteristics were evaluated with an IV curve tracer (manufactured by Eihiro Seiki).
- Table 2 shows the characteristics of the photoelectrochemical cell using the compounds obtained in Examples 1 to 3.
- a squarylium compound that can be used in a photoelectric conversion element that is inexpensive and has high energy conversion efficiency, a photoelectrochemical cell that uses the squarylium compound, and the like.
Description
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Cited By (6)
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JP2006265549A (ja) * | 2005-02-28 | 2006-10-05 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 色素化合物、該化合物を用いた光電変換素子及び光電気化学電池 |
WO2007049579A1 (ja) * | 2005-10-24 | 2007-05-03 | Kyowa Hakko Chemical Co., Ltd. | スクアリリウム化合物およびそれを用いた短波長光源用光重合性組成物 |
JP2008177147A (ja) * | 2006-12-20 | 2008-07-31 | Gifu Univ | 色素増感型光電変換素子に用いられる増感色素と該増感色素が用いられた太陽電池 |
JP2008311127A (ja) * | 2007-06-15 | 2008-12-25 | Gifu Univ | 色素増感型光電変換素子に用いられる増感色素、該増感色素が用いられた色素増感型光電変換素子、ならびに、該色素増感型光電変換素子が用いられた太陽電池 |
WO2012109232A3 (en) * | 2011-02-09 | 2012-10-26 | Forrest Stephen R | Organic photosensitive devices comprising aryl squaraines and methods of making the same |
US10374164B2 (en) | 2008-09-15 | 2019-08-06 | Mark E. Thompson | Organic photosensitive devices comprising a squaraine containing organoheterojunction and methods of making same |
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JP2006265549A (ja) * | 2005-02-28 | 2006-10-05 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 色素化合物、該化合物を用いた光電変換素子及び光電気化学電池 |
WO2007049579A1 (ja) * | 2005-10-24 | 2007-05-03 | Kyowa Hakko Chemical Co., Ltd. | スクアリリウム化合物およびそれを用いた短波長光源用光重合性組成物 |
JP2008177147A (ja) * | 2006-12-20 | 2008-07-31 | Gifu Univ | 色素増感型光電変換素子に用いられる増感色素と該増感色素が用いられた太陽電池 |
JP2008311127A (ja) * | 2007-06-15 | 2008-12-25 | Gifu Univ | 色素増感型光電変換素子に用いられる増感色素、該増感色素が用いられた色素増感型光電変換素子、ならびに、該色素増感型光電変換素子が用いられた太陽電池 |
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US10333079B2 (en) | 2011-02-09 | 2019-06-25 | University Of Southern California | Organic photosensitive devices comprising aryl squaraines and methods of making the same |
US11944007B2 (en) | 2011-02-09 | 2024-03-26 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Organic photosensitive devices comprising aryl squaraines and methods of making the same |
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