JPWO2006041156A1 - スクアリリウム化合物ならびにこれを用いた光電変換材料、光電変換素子および光電気化学電池 - Google Patents
スクアリリウム化合物ならびにこれを用いた光電変換材料、光電変換素子および光電気化学電池 Download PDFInfo
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 77
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 46
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 16
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 30
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 4
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- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 20
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- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 13
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- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
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- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical group C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Chemical compound [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
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- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- -1 ammonium ions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 6
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical group C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000001041 indolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OOGIWOUXXVVZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCC)N(CCCC)C1=C(C=CC=C1)C1=C(C(C1=O)=O)O Chemical compound C(CCC)N(CCCC)C1=C(C=CC=C1)C1=C(C(C1=O)=O)O OOGIWOUXXVVZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical group C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000000640 cyclooctyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011245 gel electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000002911 monocyclic heterocycle group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000003039 tetrahydroisoquinolinyl group Chemical group C1(NCCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 4
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- FQUYSHZXSKYCSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diazepane Chemical group C1CNCCNC1 FQUYSHZXSKYCSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OISVCGZHLKNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=N1 OISVCGZHLKNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical group C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012327 Ruthenium complex Substances 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005456 alcohol based solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZSIQJIWKELUFRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azepane Chemical group C1CCCNCC1 ZSIQJIWKELUFRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000000582 cycloheptyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000000596 cyclohexenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCCC1)* 0.000 description 3
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000002433 cyclopentenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCC1)* 0.000 description 3
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000004193 piperazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000003386 piperidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 3
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004853 tetrahydropyridinyl group Chemical group N1(CCCC=C1)* 0.000 description 3
- 125000000355 1,3-benzoxazolyl group Chemical group O1C(=NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 2
- FLBAYUMRQUHISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,8-naphthyridine Chemical group N1=CC=CC2=CC=CN=C21 FLBAYUMRQUHISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JBOIAZWJIACNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-imidazole;hydroiodide Chemical class [I-].[NH2+]1C=CN=C1 JBOIAZWJIACNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UBEPNMSZWDLYDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroindole-5-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=C(C(O)=O)C=C2C(C)(C)C(C)NC2=C1 UBEPNMSZWDLYDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBEDSQVIWPRPAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran Chemical group C1=CC=C2OCCC2=C1 HBEDSQVIWPRPAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- SXOQOOQUBDERIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dichlorocyclobut-3-ene-1,2-dione Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(=O)C1=O SXOQOOQUBDERIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- PATKGHVBLYXYIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ClC=1C(C(C1C1=C(C=CC=C1)N(CC)CC)=O)=O Chemical compound ClC=1C(C(C1C1=C(C=CC=C1)N(CC)CC)=O)=O PATKGHVBLYXYIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DHXVGJBLRPWPCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydropyran Chemical group C1CCOCC1 DHXVGJBLRPWPCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical group C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical group C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003354 benzotriazolyl group Chemical group N1N=NC2=C1C=CC=C2* 0.000 description 2
- ODWXUNBKCRECNW-UHFFFAOYSA-M bromocopper(1+) Chemical compound Br[Cu+] ODWXUNBKCRECNW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;diiodide Chemical compound I[Cu]I GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentadiene Chemical group C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- GGSUCNLOZRCGPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylaniline Chemical compound CCN(CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 GGSUCNLOZRCGPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
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- 125000003453 indazolyl group Chemical group N1N=C(C2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 2
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- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002183 isoquinolinyl group Chemical group C1(=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
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- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- LFSXCDWNBUNEEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalazine Chemical group C1=NN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 LFSXCDWNBUNEEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical group C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002294 quinazolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(N=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005207 tetraalkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000147 tetrahydroquinolinyl group Chemical group N1(CCCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 2
- BRNULMACUQOKMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiomorpholine Chemical group C1CSCCN1 BRNULMACUQOKMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- JWZZKOKVBUJMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+-)-Isoprenaline Chemical compound CC(C)NCC(O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 JWZZKOKVBUJMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium titanate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RCYJPSGNXVLIBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenetitanium Chemical compound [S].[Ti] RCYJPSGNXVLIBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FAWYJKSBSAKOFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum(iv) sulfide Chemical compound S=[Ta]=S FAWYJKSBSAKOFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSOKHXFFCGXDJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N telluride(2-) Chemical compound [Te-2] XSOKHXFFCGXDJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001973 tert-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003536 tetrazoles Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AFNRRBXCCXDRPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(ii) sulfide Chemical compound [Sn]=S AFNRRBXCCXDRPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003608 titanium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- QLHCYPWYDGVVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylazanium;thiocyanate Chemical compound SC#N.CCN(CC)CC QLHCYPWYDGVVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten disulfide Chemical compound S=[W]=S ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006097 ultraviolet radiation absorber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
また、スクアリン酸誘導体を光電変換素子に使用することが知られている(例えば、特許文献4参照)。
[1]一般式(I)
[2]一般式(I)
[3]一般式(II)
[4]Xが炭素原子である[1]〜[3]のいずれかに記載のスクアリリウム化合物。
[5]Aがカルボキシル基である[1]〜[4]のいずれかに記載のスクアリリウム化合物。
[6]R7、R8、R9およびR10が同一または異なって水素原子またはアルキル基であるか、あるいはR7およびR8が同一または異なって水素原子またはアルキル基であり、R9とR10が隣接する炭素原子と一緒になって脂環式炭化水素環を形成する[1]〜[5]のいずれかに記載のスクアリリウム化合物。
[7]nが1である[1]〜[6]のいずれかに記載のスクアリリウム化合物。
[8]mが0である[1]〜[7]のいずれかに記載のスクアリリウム化合物。
[9][1]〜[8]のいずれかに記載のスクアリリウム化合物と半導体とを含む光電変換材料。
[10][9]記載の光電変換材料を用いた光電変換素子。
[11][10]記載の光電変換素子を含有する光電気化学電池。
アリール基としては、例えば、炭素数6〜14のアリール基があげられ、その具体例としては、フェニル基、ナフチル基、アントリル基、アズレニル基等があげられる。
隣り合う2つのR11がそれぞれが隣接する2つの炭素原子と一緒になって形成される芳香族環としては、ベンゼン環等があげられる。
R3およびR5、またはR4およびR6がそれぞれが隣接する2つの炭素原子と一緒になって形成される炭化水素環としては、例えば、炭素数5〜10の不飽和の炭化水素環があげられ、その具体例としては、シクロペンテン環、シクロヘキセン環、シクロヘプテン環、シクロオクテン環、ベンゼン環、ナフタレン環等があげられる。
アミノ基の置換基としては、例えば、同一または異なって1〜2個のアルキル基があげられ、この場合のアルキル基は前記と同義である。
反応式(a)
反応式(a)
化合物(V)は、化合物(III)と1〜2倍モルの化合物(IV)とを、1〜2倍モルの塩基存在下で、溶媒中、0〜40℃で1〜20時間反応させることにより得られる。
化合物(IV)は、例えば、市販品として、入手が可能である。
反応式(b)
化合物(VI)は、化合物(V)を50〜90容量%の酢酸水溶液中で、90〜120℃で0.1〜7時間、または50〜99重量%のトリフルオロ酢酸水溶液中で、45〜50℃で0.1〜3時間処理することにより得られる。
反応式(c)
化合物(I)は、化合物(VI)と1〜2倍モルの化合物(VII)とを、必要に応じて、1〜2倍モルの塩基存在下で、溶媒中、80〜120℃で1〜15時間反応させることにより得られる。
塩基としては、例えば、キノリン、トリエチルアミン、ピリジン等の有機塩基または炭酸カリウム、炭酸水素カリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム等の無機塩基があげられる。
反応後、化合物(I)は、例えば、溶媒の留去または濾過を行い、必要により有機合成化学で通常用いられる方法(カラムクロマトグラフィー、再結晶、溶媒での洗浄等)でさらに精製処理することにより、単離精製することができる。
反応式(d)
化合物(II)は、化合物(V)と1〜2倍モルの化合物(VII)とを、必要に応じて、1〜2倍モルの塩基存在下で、溶媒中、80〜120℃で1〜15時間反応させることにより得られる。
塩基としては、例えば、キノリン、トリエチルアミン、ピリジン等の有機塩基または炭酸カリウム、炭酸水素カリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム等の無機塩基があげられる。
本発明の化合物(I)または(II)の具体例を表1に例示するが、本発明の化合物(I)または(II)は、これらに限定されるものではない。また、表1中、Meはメチル基、Etはエチル基、Buはブチル基を表す。
本発明の光電変換材料は、化合物(I)または(II)と半導体とを含む。
本発明の光電変換素子は、導電性支持体、導電性支持体上に設置される化合物(I)または(II)により増感された半導体からなる半導体薄膜電極、電荷移動層、対極等から構成される。この光電変換素子を外部回路で仕事をさせる電池用途に使用できるようにしたものが本発明の光電気化学電池である。すなわち、本発明の光電気化学電池は、本発明の光電変換素子の導電性支持体および対極にリードを介して接続された外部回路に仕事をさせるようにしたものである。該光電気化学電池は構成物の劣化や電荷移動層に用いられる電解液の揮散を防止するために、側面をポリマー、接着剤等で密封されているのが好ましい。
光電変換材料に用いる半導体はいわゆる感光体であり、光を吸収して電荷分離され電子と正孔を生ずる役割を担う。化合物(I)または(II)により増感された半導体では、光吸収およびこれによる電子および正孔の発生は主として化合物(I)または(II)において起こり、半導体はこの電子を受け取り、伝達する役割を担う。
半導体薄膜は、ナノ粒子からなるナノポーラス構造を有する化合物半導体であるのが好ましく、前記にあげた半導体を用いて製造することができる[「ジャーナル・オブ・アメリカン・セラミック・ソサイエティー(Journal of American Ceramic Society)」、1997年、第80巻、第12号、p.3157]。
透明電極としては、導電性を有するものであればよく、例えば、透明または半透明のガラス基板やプラスチック板上に、例えば、フッ素またはアンチモンドープの酸化スズ、スズドープの酸化インジウム、酸化亜鉛等の導電性透明酸化物半導体薄膜をコートしたもの、好ましくは、フッ素ドープの酸化スズ薄膜をコートしたもの等が用いられる。
塗布方法としては、ローラ法、ディップ法、エアーナイフ法、ブレード法、スピン法、スプレー法等があげられる。
化合物半導体は、導電性支持体に塗布した後に半導体微粒子同士を電子的にコンタクトさせるため、および塗膜強度の向上や支持体との密着性を向上させるために、加熱処理することが好ましい。好ましい加熱処理温度の範囲は100〜600℃である。また、加熱処理時間は10分間〜10時間である。ポリマーフィルム等の融点や軟化点の低い導電性支持体を用いる場合は、高温処理は該支持体の劣化を招くため、5nm以下の小さい半導体微粒子の併用や鉱酸の存在下での加熱処理を行う方法、化合物半導体の分散液またはコロイド溶液とチタン塩(例えば、四塩化チタン等)の混合物を導電性支持体に塗布後、水熱処理を行う方法、化合物半導体を極性有機溶媒(例えば、tert−ブタノール等)に分散させ、電気泳動により泳動電着を行う方法、化合物半導体の分散液またはコロイド溶液を導電性支持体に塗布後、約98070kPaの圧力で加圧プレスする方法、化合物半導体の分散液またはコロイド溶液を導電性支持体に塗布後、約28GHzのマイクロ波を照射する方法等が用いられる。半導体薄膜の膜厚は0.1〜100μmであるのが好ましく、より好ましくは2〜25μmである。
また、会合等色素同士の相互作用を低減する目的でカルボキシル基を有するステロイド化合物(例えば、ケノデオキシコール酸)等を半導体薄膜に共吸着させてもよい。さらに、紫外線吸収剤を併用してもよい。
本発明の光電変換素子に使用される電荷移動層としては、例えば、レドックスイオン対を有機溶媒に溶解した液体(電解液)、レドックスイオン対を有機溶媒に溶解した液体にポリマーを含浸したゲル電解質、レドックスイオン対を含有する溶融塩、固体電解質、無機化合物半導体、有機正孔輸送材料等があげられる。
ゲル電解質に使用されるポリマーとしては、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリビニリデンフルオリド等があげられる。
固体電解質としては、ポリエチレンオキシド誘導体等のポリマーがあげられる。
有機正孔輸送材料としては、ポリチオフェン誘導体、ポリピロール誘導体等があげられる。
無機化合物半導体や有機正孔輸送材料を使用する場合は、短絡防止のためスプレーパイロリシス等の手法を用いて二酸化チタン薄膜を下塗り層(短絡防止層)として塗設してもよい。
前者の場合の電荷移動層の注入方法としては、毛細管現象を利用する常圧プロセスと常圧より低い圧力にして気相を液相に置換する真空プロセスが利用できる。後者の場合は、湿式の電荷移動層においては未乾燥のまま対極を付与し、エッジ部の液漏洩防止措置も施すことになる。また、ゲル電解質の場合には、湿式で塗布して重合等の方法により固定化する方法もあり、その場合には、乾燥し、固定化した後に対極を付与することもできる。電解液、湿式有機正孔輸送材料またはゲル電解質を付与する方法としては、半導体薄膜電極や色素の付与の際と同様に、浸漬法、ローラ法、ディップ法、エアーナイフ法、ブレード法、スピン法、スプレー法等をあげることもできる。固体電解質、無機化合物半導体または固体の有機正孔輸送材料の場合には、これらを溶媒等に溶解したものを加熱された半導体薄膜電極に滴下し、半導体薄膜電極上で溶媒を気化させることにより乾固された電荷移動層を形成したり、真空蒸着法、CVD法(化学気相成長法)等のドライ成膜処理により、電荷移動層を形成した後、対極を付与することもできる。
本発明の光電変換素子においては、スペーサーを用いてもよく、半導体薄膜電極と対極との接触を防ぐものであれば限定されないが、例えば、ポリエチレン等のポリマーフィルムが用いられる。
以下、実施例により、本発明をさらに具体的に説明する。
1H NMR(DMSO−d6)δppm:0.91(6H,t,J=7.3Hz),1.27−1.59(17H,m),3.40(4H,t,J=7.8Hz),4.90(1H,q,J=6.8Hz),6.83(2H,d,J=9.3Hz),7.92(1H,s),7.97(1H,d,J=8.6Hz),8.04(2H,d,J=9.3Hz),8.63(1H,d,J=8.3Hz),13.01(1H,s).
最大吸収波長(DMSO):540nm
モル吸光係数(DMSO):96140(mol/l)−1・cm−1
4−(N,N−ジn−ブチルアミノフェニル)−3−ヒドロキシシクロブテン−1,2−ジオン50mgおよび5−カルボキシ−2−メチルインドリン−3−スピロシクロヘキサン45mgにn−ブタノール0.5mlおよびトルエン0.5mlを加え、110℃で2時間加熱した後、析出物を濾取することにより、化合物(2)52mgを得た。
1H NMR(DMSO−d6)δppm:0.93(6H,t,J=7.6Hz),1.32−2.04(21H,m),3.44(4H,t,J=7.3Hz),5.20(1H,q,J=6.6Hz),6.84(2H,d,J=9.3Hz),7.93(1H,s),7.94(1H,d,J=8.3Hz),8.04(2H,d,J=9.3Hz),8.60(1H,d,J=8.8Hz),13.02(1H,s).
最大吸収波長(DMSO):536nm
モル吸光係数(DMSO):106739(mol/l)−1・cm−1
1H NMR(DMSO−d6)δppm:1.14(6H,t,J=7.1Hz),1.29(3H,s),1.33(3H,d,J=6.8Hz),1.43(3H,s),3.47(4H,q,J=7.1Hz),4.90(1H,q,J=6.8Hz),6.86(2H,d,J=9.3Hz),7.92(1H,s),7.95(1H,d,J=8.3Hz),8.05(2H,d,J=9.3Hz),8.64(1H,d,J=8.3Hz),12.99(1H,s).
最大吸収波長(DMSO):533nm
モル吸光係数(DMSO):102873(mol/l)−1・cm−1
Claims (11)
- 一般式(I)
- Xが炭素原子である請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のスクアリリウム化合物。
- Aがカルボキシル基である請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のスクアリリウム化合物。
- R7、R8、R9およびR10が同一または異なって水素原子またはアルキル基であるか、あるいはR7およびR8が同一または異なって水素原子またはアルキル基であり、R9とR10が隣接する炭素原子と一緒になって脂環式炭化水素環を形成する請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載のスクアリリウム化合物。
- nが1である請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載のスクアリリウム化合物。
- mが0である請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載のスクアリリウム化合物。
- 請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載のスクアリリウム化合物と半導体とを含む光電変換材料。
- 請求項9記載の光電変換材料を用いた光電変換素子。
- 請求項10記載の光電変換素子を含有する光電気化学電池。
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