WO2006038474A1 - プラントの制御装置 - Google Patents
プラントの制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006038474A1 WO2006038474A1 PCT/JP2005/017499 JP2005017499W WO2006038474A1 WO 2006038474 A1 WO2006038474 A1 WO 2006038474A1 JP 2005017499 W JP2005017499 W JP 2005017499W WO 2006038474 A1 WO2006038474 A1 WO 2006038474A1
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- Prior art keywords
- plant
- cain
- control
- linear
- value
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
- F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
- F02D13/0203—Variable control of intake and exhaust valves
- F02D13/0215—Variable control of intake and exhaust valves changing the valve timing only
- F02D13/0219—Variable control of intake and exhaust valves changing the valve timing only by shifting the phase, i.e. the opening periods of the valves are constant
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/04—Engines with variable distances between pistons at top dead-centre positions and cylinder heads
- F02B75/048—Engines with variable distances between pistons at top dead-centre positions and cylinder heads by means of a variable crank stroke length
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
- F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
- F02D13/0203—Variable control of intake and exhaust valves
- F02D13/0207—Variable control of intake and exhaust valves changing valve lift or valve lift and timing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D15/00—Varying compression ratio
- F02D15/02—Varying compression ratio by alteration or displacement of piston stroke
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1401—Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method
- F02D41/1402—Adaptive control
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1401—Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method
- F02D41/1403—Sliding mode control
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B13/00—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion
- G05B13/02—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric
- G05B13/0205—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric not using a model or a simulator of the controlled system
- G05B13/024—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric not using a model or a simulator of the controlled system in which a parameter or coefficient is automatically adjusted to optimise the performance
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B13/00—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion
- G05B13/02—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric
- G05B13/04—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators
- G05B13/042—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators in which a parameter or coefficient is automatically adjusted to optimise the performance
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/04—Engines with variable distances between pistons at top dead-centre positions and cylinder heads
- F02B75/045—Engines with variable distances between pistons at top dead-centre positions and cylinder heads by means of a variable connecting rod length
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0002—Controlling intake air
- F02D2041/001—Controlling intake air for engines with variable valve actuation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1401—Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method
- F02D2041/1413—Controller structures or design
- F02D2041/1415—Controller structures or design using a state feedback or a state space representation
- F02D2041/1416—Observer
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1401—Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method
- F02D2041/1413—Controller structures or design
- F02D2041/143—Controller structures or design the control loop including a non-linear model or compensator
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1401—Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method
- F02D2041/1433—Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method using a model or simulation of the system
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a plant control apparatus.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-297240
- an object of the present invention is to solve the above-described problems, and in a control using a nonlinear compensator, a plant control device adapted to adapt the nonlinear compensation of the nonlinear compensator to an actual nonlinear characteristic. Is to provide.
- the present invention provides a plant including a linear element and a nonlinear element as described in claim 1 to be described later according to a control algorithm based on the linear element.
- a linear controller that calculates the temporary input Usl that converges the output to the target value, and cancels the characteristics of the temporary input and the nonlinear element of the plant.
- the plant control device that calculates the control inputs Ucain, Ucr based on the nonlinear compensator set as described above, the plant output estimation value Cain_est calculated by the estimation model composed only of the linear elements, and And a correction means for correcting the nonlinear compensator based on the error e_nl of the detected output value Cain of the plant.
- the correction means performs the nonlinear compensation by a response designating control algorithm so that an error e_nl between the estimated value Cain_est and the output Cain becomes zero. It was configured to modify the vessel.
- the present invention includes means for calculating an estimated value cl of a disturbance applied to the plant as described in claim 3 to be described later, and the correcting means calculates the estimated value Cain_est. , A value obtained by subtracting a term related to the estimated value cl of the disturbance from the control inputs Ucain, Ucr.
- the present invention includes means for calculating an estimated value cl of a disturbance applied to the plant as described in claim 4 to be described later, and the correcting means calculates the estimated value Cain_est.
- the disturbance is estimated using the estimated value cl.
- the present invention is configured such that the plant as described in claim 5 described later is a variable phase mechanism that variably adjusts the phase of the intake valve of the internal combustion engine.
- the present invention is configured such that the plant as described in claim 6 described later is a variable compression ratio mechanism that adjusts the compression ratio of the internal combustion engine.
- the linear controller for calculating the temporary input Usl for converging the output of the plant to the target value according to the control algorithm based on the linear element, the temporary input and the plant
- the plant controller that calculates the control inputs Ucain and Ucr based on the nonlinear compensator set to cancel the characteristics of the nonlinear elements of the plant, the plant output estimation calculated by the estimation model consisting only of the linear elements
- the nonlinear characteristics of the plant (control target) change due to manufacturing variations and aging Even in this case, the nonlinear compensator can compensate for the nonlinear characteristics with high accuracy, and the plant output can be obtained with high accuracy and high response. Control to the target value The power to do S.
- the correcting means is configured to correct the nonlinear compensator by the response assignment control algorithm so that the error e_nl between the estimated value Cain_est and the output Cain becomes zero. Therefore, in addition to the above-described effects, the nonlinear compensator can be quickly corrected without causing overshoot, so that the controllability can be further improved.
- the plant control apparatus includes means for calculating an estimated value cl of the disturbance applied to the plant, and the correcting means receives the estimated value Cain_est from the control inputs Ucain, Ucr.
- disturbance compensation using the estimated disturbance cl and correction of the nonlinear compensator can be performed. Since there is no interference, the plant output can be prevented from exhibiting an overshoot characteristic with respect to the target value, and controllability can be further improved.
- correcting means estimates cl of the disturbance estimated value Cain_ es t Similarly, since the disturbance compensation by the estimated disturbance cl and the correction of the nonlinear compensator do not interfere with each other, the plant output shows an overshoot characteristic with respect to the target value. Can be prevented, and controllability can be further improved.
- the plant is configured to be a variable phase mechanism that variably adjusts the phase of the intake valve of the internal combustion engine, in addition to the above-described effects, an overshoot is achieved. It is possible to control the intake valve phase (open / close valve timing) to the target phase with high accuracy and high response.
- the plant since the plant is configured to be a variable compression ratio mechanism that adjusts the compression ratio of the internal combustion engine, in addition to the effects described above, the compression ratio is increased or decreased. At the time of switching, control can be performed so that the compression ratio can be changed smoothly without changing rapidly.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view schematically showing a plant control apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a side view of the engine showing the engine shown in FIG. 1 more specifically with a focus on a valve train.
- FIG. 3 A side view schematically showing the variable phase mechanism shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a front view of the variable phase mechanism shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 A front view schematically showing the structure of the electromagnetic brake in the variable phase mechanism shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the operation of the ECU shown in FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the characteristics of the braking force Fbrk and the input voltage (control input, phase command value) Ucain in the electromagnetic brake of the variable phase mechanism shown in FIGS. 3 to 5.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a control system according to a conventional technique obtained by applying the two-degree-of-freedom response assignment control to the conventional technique shown in Patent Document 1.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing correction coefficient characteristics of scheduled model parameters used in the control system shown in FIG.
- VTC variable phase mechanism
- Gon 12 is a graph showing the offset caused by the temperature rise of the electromagnet in the characteristics shown in FIG.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the table characteristics of the nonlinear function Gnl used to improve the control system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a control system obtained by improving the control system shown in FIG. 16] A time chart showing the result (simulation result) of controlling the variable phase mechanism (VTC) by the control system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 18 is a time chart showing the result (simulation result) of controlling the variable phase mechanism (VTC) by the control system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a control system obtained by further improving the control system shown in FIG.
- VTC 20 is a time chart showing the result (simulation result) of controlling the variable phase mechanism (VTC) by the control system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 21 is a sub-routine “flow” chart of variable mechanism control of FIG. 6 flow chart.
- FIG. 21 is a sub-routine “flow” chart such as phase control of the flow “chart”.
- FIG. 23 is a sub-routine “flow” chart of ignition control in the flow chart of FIG. 6.
- FIG. 24 is a block diagram similar to FIG. 19, schematically showing the control system of the plant control apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 25 is a block diagram similar to FIG. 19, schematically showing the control system of the plant control apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 26 is a graph showing characteristics of the generated force Fcr with respect to the control input Ucr of the hydraulic mechanism of the variable compression ratio mechanism shown in FIG.
- FIG. 27 is a graph showing characteristics of a nonlinear table used in the nonlinear compensator of the control system in FIG. 25.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram schematically showing a plant control apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- control device for the plant is an internal combustion engine control device, more specifically, the phase (open / close valve timing) of the intake valve (and exhaust valve) can be variably adjusted in the internal combustion engine.
- the variable phase mechanism Take the variable phase mechanism as an example.
- reference numeral 10 denotes an internal combustion engine (hereinafter referred to as “engine”), and the engine 10 is a four-cycle four-cylinder DOHC type gasoline engine.
- the engine 10 includes an intake pipe 12, and air sucked from an air cleaner (not shown) in the intake pipe 12 flows through an intake manifold (not shown).
- An injector (fuel injection valve) 16 is arranged near the intake port 14 and, when energized, injects fuel (gasoline) into the sucked air.
- the air-fuel mixture thus produced flows into the combustion chamber 22 when the two intake valves (only one is shown) 20 open, and burns when ignited by the spark plug 24. Drive downward and rotate crankshaft 30.
- the exhaust gas generated by combustion passes through the exhaust manifold and the exhaust system 34 connected to it when the two exhaust valves (similarly, only one is shown) 32 opens, and is purified by the catalytic device 36. After that, it is discharged outside the engine 10.
- the engine 10 includes a variable lift mechanism 40 that variably adjusts the lift (opening height) of the intake valve 20, and the phases of the intake camshaft and exhaust camshaft that drive the intake valve 20 and the exhaust valve 32.
- a variable phase mechanism 42 that variably adjusts (open / close valve timing) and a variable compression ratio mechanism 44 that variably adjusts the compression ratio by changing the top dead center (and bottom dead center) of the piston 26 are provided.
- variable lift mechanism 40 will be described.
- FIG. 2 is a side view of the engine 10 showing the engine 10 shown in FIG. 1 more specifically with a valve train as the center.
- An intake camshaft 50 and an exhaust camshaft 52 are arranged in parallel on the intake valve 20 and the exhaust valve 32 as shown in the figure, and are connected to the crankshaft 30 via a timing belt or the like (not shown). Each is rotated at a rotation speed of 1 Z2 of the rotation speed of the crankshaft 30.
- An intake cam 50a is attached to the intake cam shaft 50, and a rocker arm 40a is disposed in the vicinity of the intake cam shaft 50 so as to contact the intake cam 50a at the other end and the end of the stem of the intake valve 20 at the other end.
- the upper link arm 40b is connected to the rocker arm 40a via a connecting pin 40bl, while the lower link arm 40c is also connected via a connecting pin 40cl.
- the uplink arm 40b is connected to the cylinder block (entrance) via the other connecting pin 40b2. Gin body) Fixed to 14a.
- the other connecting pin 40c2 of the lower link arm 40c is connected to a movable shaft (control shaft, not shown) arranged in parallel with the crankshaft 30, and the movable shaft has a reduction gear (not shown).
- the electric motor 40d To the electric motor 40d.
- the movable shaft is rotated by the electric motor 40d via the reduction gear, thereby connecting the line connecting the connecting pins 40bl and 40b2 of the upper link arm 40b and the connecting pins 40cl and 40c2 of the lower link arm 40c.
- the center of rotation at which the lines intersect whereby the distance between the intake cam 50a and the mouth cam 40b changes, and the lift amount of the intake valve 20 is changed (controlled).
- variable phase mechanism 42 is connected to the intake camshaft 50.
- FIG. 3 is a side view schematically showing the variable phase mechanism 42
- FIG. 4 is a front view thereof
- FIG. 5 is a front view schematically showing the structure of the electromagnetic brake therein.
- variable phase mechanism 42 includes a planetary gear mechanism 42a and an electromagnetic brake 42b fixed to the cylinder block 14a.
- the ring gear 42al is fixed to the intake camshaft 50 described above.
- Three planet gears 42a2 are engaged with the ring gear 42al at intervals of 120 degrees.
- the three planet gears 42a2 are connected to each other by a carrier 42a3 having an equilateral triangle in a plan view, and as shown in FIG. Connected to sprocket 56).
- the carrier 42a3 is connected to one end of a return spring (compression spring) 42b2 via a connection member 42bl of the electromagnetic brake 42b shown in FIG.
- the sun gear 42a4 meshes with the three planet gears 42a2. Similarly, the sun gear 42a4 is fixed to the connection member 42b3 of the electromagnetic brake 42b shown in FIG. 5, and is connected to the other end of the return spring 42b2 via the connection member 42b3.
- the electromagnetic brake 42b is disposed on the outer periphery of the annular connecting member 42b3 connected to the sun gear 42a4, and is similarly disposed on the outer periphery of the annular permanent magnet 42b4. Similarly, it has an annular electromagnet 42b5.
- the permanent magnet 42b4 has a two-pole structure in which four N-pole and S-pole magnet pieces are alternately arranged.
- the electromagnet 42b5 is also composed of four conductors (laminated steel plates) arranged correspondingly. When a coil (not shown) wound around the electromagnet 42b5 is energized from an energizing circuit (not shown), Excited to N pole or S pole depending on direction.
- the electromagnetic brake 42b has the same structure as the DC motor.
- the sun gear 42a4 is rotated clockwise in FIG. 5 with respect to the carrier 42a3 via the connecting members 42bl and 42b3, specifically in the retarded direction, more specifically, in the intake valve 20.
- the valve opening timing (and valve closing timing) is energized in a direction that is delayed with respect to the rotation of the crankshaft 30.
- variable phase mechanism 42 in the illustrated configuration, the sprocket 56 rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow a in FIG.
- the rotation of the sprocket 56 is transmitted to the planet gear 42a2 through the carrier 42a3, and is rotated in the direction indicated by the arrow b in FIG. 4, thereby causing the ring gear 42al and the intake camshaft 50 connected thereto to rotate the sprocket 56.
- the sun gear 42a4 is rotated in the direction indicated by the arrow c in FIG. 4 while rotating in the same direction as the arrow (arrow a).
- the sun gear 42a4 rotates relative to the predetermined angle and the braking force, the return spring force, and the force S are balanced, the planet gear 42a2 stops operating, and the sprocket 56 and the force shaft 50 have a predetermined relative angle. It rotates as a whole while maintaining. That is, the cam phase is controlled to advance or retard by increasing or decreasing the braking force. Detailed description is omitted.
- the exhaust camshaft 52 is also connected to the same type of variable phase mechanism 42, and the phase (open / close valve timing) of the exhaust valve 32 is variably adjusted (controlled).
- the connecting rod 26a of the piston 26 is connected to a first link 44b having a substantially triangular shape in plan view via a connecting pin 44a.
- the first link 44b includes a hole 44bl that rotatably accommodates the crankshaft 30 at a position eccentric from the connection pin 44a, and has a second link 44c via the connection pin 44b2 at one end. Connected to.
- the second link 44c is provided with a small-diameter connecting pin 44cl at the end, and the connecting pin 44cl is a movable shaft (control shaft) having a larger diameter formed at the end of the third link 44d fixed to the cylinder block 14a. Shaft) It is eccentrically connected to 44c2.
- the piston 26 is top dead by rotating the movable shaft 44c2 with the hydraulic mechanism 44e.
- the point (and bottom dead center) is changed, and the compression ratio of the combustion chamber 22 is variably adjusted (controlled).
- a crankshaft sensor 60 is disposed near the crankshaft 30, a cylinder discrimination signal for identifying the crank angle positions of the four cylinders 14, and the TDC of the four pistons 26. Outputs a TDC signal indicating the position related to (top dead center) and a signal indicating a crank angle signal (CRK signal) every unit crank angle, for example, 1 degree.
- a camshaft sensor 62 is disposed in the vicinity of the intake camshaft 50 (shown in FIG. 2), and outputs a signal at a predetermined rotation angle of the intake camshaft 50, for example, every 1 degree. Further, in the variable lift mechanism 40, a lift sensor 64 that also has a force such as a rotary encoder is arranged near the reduction gear of the electric motor 40d, and the lift amount (opening amount) of the intake valve 20 through the rotation of the reduced electric motor 40d. Output a signal according to.
- variable compression ratio mechanism 44 a compression ratio sensor 66 is disposed in the vicinity of the hydraulic mechanism 44e, and an output corresponding to the stroke (rotation amount) force of the hydraulic mechanism 44e and the actual compression ratio Cr of the combustion chamber 22 is generated.
- An air flow meter (AFM) 68 is arranged near the tip of the intake pipe 12 to output a signal corresponding to the sucked air volume Q and near the cooling water passage (not shown) of the cylinder 14 Is provided with a water temperature sensor 70 and outputs a signal indicating the cooling water temperature TW of the engine 10.
- an accelerator opening sensor 74 is disposed in the vicinity of an accelerator pedal (not shown) arranged on a driver's seat floor of a vehicle (not shown) on which the engine 10 is mounted. Accelerator opening to be operated (Accelerator pedal depression amount) Outputs a signal according to AP.
- ECU80 Electronic Control Unit 0 electronic control unit 80.
- ECU80 is CPU80a, memory 80b, human interface 8 as shown It is composed of an Oc and output interface 80d, and a microcomputer comprising an unillustrated register, an A / D conversion circuit, a waveform shaping circuit, a counter and the like.
- the output of the crankshaft sensor 60 and the like is shaped by a waveform shaping circuit, and the output of the air flow meter 68 and the like is converted to a digital value by an AZD conversion circuit.
- the ECU 80 counts the CRK signal output from the crankshaft sensor 60 through a counter, and detects the engine speed NE.
- the ECU 80 detects the cam phase Cain (the opening / closing valve timing of the intake valve 20) based on the CRK signal and the output of the camshaft sensor 62.
- ECU 80 controls a variable mechanism such as variable phase mechanism 42 of engine 10, the fuel injection amount, and the ignition timing, as will be described later.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the operation of the ECU 80.
- variable mechanism is controlled in S10. That is, the variable lift mechanism 40, the variable phase mechanism 42, and the variable compression ratio mechanism 44 are controlled based on the operation state of the engine 10 detected from the sensor output, and the intake amount of the engine 10 is optimized from the detected operation state. To control. Note that the process of S10 starts when the engine 10 is started, and is thereafter executed at predetermined time intervals, for example, every 10 msec.
- the process proceeds to S12, where the fuel injection amount is calculated based on the intake air amount and fuel control is performed.
- the process proceeds to S14, and similarly, the ignition timing is controlled at the intake air amount. Note that the processing of S12 and S14 starts when the engine 10 is started, and thereafter is executed in synchronization with the crank angle at or near TDC.
- the relationship between the brake brake Fbrk in the electromagnetic brake 42b and the input voltage to the electromagnet 42b5 (control input, phase command value) Ucain is nonlinear as shown in FIG. It will be something. That is, when the input voltage Ucain is less than a certain value, the breaker Fbrk rapidly decreases with respect to the input, while when the input voltage Ucain increases to a certain level, the brake force increases rapidly with respect to the input.
- the amount of electromagnetic force generated has a linear characteristic with respect to the current applied to the electromagnet 42b5, that is, the voltage, but the electromagnetic force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance.
- the characteristic shown in FIG. 7 is a continuous curve, but in FIG.
- variable phase mechanism (VTC) 42 is expressed using the following linear model.
- n alsc Cain (k) + a2sc Cain (k- l) + blsc Ucain (k) + b 2 sc Ucain (k- 1)
- the expansion control target model including the estimated disturbance value cl is defined as follows.
- Cain (k + 1) a 1 sc Cain (k) + a 2 sc Cain (k- l) + blsc Ucain (k) + b 2 sc Ucain (k- 1) + c 1
- the response specification type control sliding mode control
- the response specification type control that can individually specify the convergence time and convergence behavior of the target value response and disturbance suppression response, more specifically, the two-degree-of-freedom response specification type control
- the control system shown in Fig. 8 and Formula 1-3 to Formula 1-16 The configuration of the control system shown in the figure is a conventional technique in which the conventional technique shown in Patent Document 1 is applied to a two-degree-of-freedom response assignment control.
- the two-degree-of-freedom response assignment control system includes an SMC (sliding mode controller) 100, an adaptive disturbance observer 102, and a model parameter scheduler 104.
- SMC sliding mode controller
- the SMC 100 is defined as follows.
- Urch (k) — ⁇ -o (k) (1-5) blsc (k) switching function
- the adaptive disturbance observer 102 is defined as follows.
- ⁇ ⁇ (k) [CAIN (k- 1) CAIN (k- 2) Ucain (k- 1) Ucain (k- 2) 1] (1-12)
- the model parameter scheduler 104 is defined as follows.
- alsc (k ⁇ — alsc_map (k), Junichi 13) a2sc (k) *-a2sc_map (k) (1— 14) blsc (k) —blsc_map (k) X Kbsc (k) (1— 15) b2sc ( k) — b2sc_map (k) X Kbsc (k) (1— 16)
- alsc_map, a2sc_map, blsc_map, and b2sc_map are (scheduled) model parameters obtained by searching the characteristics shown in FIG. 9 with the detected engine speed NE.
- Kbsc is a (scheduled) model parameter obtained by searching the characteristics shown in Fig. 10 with the detected phase Cain and is a correction coefficient.
- the subscript k is a discrete system sample time, more specifically, the execution time of the flowchart in FIG.
- FIG. 11 shows the result (simulation result) of controlling the variable phase mechanism (VTC) 42 having nonlinear characteristics by the linear control system shown in FIG.
- VTC variable phase mechanism
- the adaptive disturbance observer 102 cannot instantaneously absorb the modeling error caused by the nonlinear characteristic of the controlled object, so that a significant overshoot occurs in the follow-up response to the target value. It can be seen that the low overshoot characteristic that is characteristic of the two-degree-of-freedom response assignment control is lost. However, even in the illustrated configuration, d Since the effects of oft and dout can be absorbed by the adaptive disturbance observer 102, the phase Cain does not cause a steady deviation with respect to the target value Cain_cmd.
- the controlled object is modeled by a non-linear element and a linear element (delay element) and is expressed by the following equation.
- Cain (k + 1) a 1 sc Cain (k) + a 2 sc Cain (k- 1) + b 1 sc Unl (k) + b 2 sc Unl (k- 1)
- Unl (k) dUnl (k) + Cnl (1— 18)
- dUnl (k) Gnl (dUcain '(k)) (1-19)
- dUcain' (k) Ucain (k) -Cnl (1— 20 )
- Gnl shown in Equation 1-19 is a non-linear function, and is set as a table value as shown in FIG. The same applies to later equations.
- Ucain (k) dUcain (k) + Cnl (1-21)
- dUcain (k) Fnl (dUsl (k)) (1-22)
- dUsl (k) Usl (k)-Cnl (1-23)
- FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the control system thus obtained.
- the linear controller 110 (comprising SMC100, adaptive disturbance observer 102, and model parameter scheduler 104 in Fig. 8) that calculates the temporary input Usl is expressed by the following equation. If you recognize as shown, good.
- Cain (k + 1) a 1 sc Cain (k) + a 2 sc Cain (k- 1) + b 1 sc Usl (k) + b 2 sc Usl (k- 1)
- Ucain (k) dUcain (k) + Cnl (1— 25)
- dUcain (k) Fnl (dUsl (k)) (1 -26)
- dUsl (k) Usl (k) -Cnl (1 -27)
- linear controller 110 two-degree-of-freedom response designation type controller 110 is as follows.
- CAIN_cmd_f (k) -POLE_f CAIN— cmd— f (k-1) + (1 + POLE f) CAIN— cmd (k)
- model parameter scheduler 104 constituting the linear controller 110 is as follows.
- FIG. 16 shows a control result when the nonlinear compensator 112 shown in FIG. 15 is used.
- insertion of the nonlinear compensator 112 significantly improves the tracking response to the target value, and the low overshoot characteristics that characterize the two-degree-of-freedom response assignment control are restored.
- the convergence time is longer.
- the control system configuration shown in FIG. 15 has a function of compensating for the nonlinear characteristic of the controlled object, but compensates for a nonlinear characteristic change (shown in FIG. 12). It has no function. Therefore, in the plant control apparatus according to the present invention, a function for adapting to a non-linear characteristic change is newly added to the configuration of the control system shown in FIG. In the control system shown in FIG. 15, if the nonlinear compensator 112 cancels the nonlinear characteristic accurately, the output Cain of the controlled object with respect to the control input Ucain and the control represented by the following equation 2-1 The output Cain_est of the target model matches.
- Cain_est (k) a 1 sc Cain (k- 1) + a 2 sc Cain (k- 2) + blsc Usl (k- l) + b2sc Uslfk- 2)
- e_nl (k) Cain_est (k)-Cain (k) (2-2)
- the nonlinear compensator 112 is changed as follows, and Cn dp used therein is improved so that e_nl becomes zero.
- the non-linear compensator 112 can now correctly cancel the non-linear characteristics.
- the improved nonlinear compensator is expressed by the following equation.
- Cnl— adp (k) Cnl_base + Dcnl (k) (2-6)
- Dcnl (k) rch cnl ocnl (k) + Kadp cnl sum— ocnl (k) (2— 7)
- ocnl (k) e_nl (k ) + POLE_cnle_nl (k -1) (2-8)
- Cnl_base is the reference value of the nonlinear characteristic correction value.For example, it is set to Cnl in Equation 1_25. However, it may be scheduled according to engine speed NE or the like.
- the nonlinear characteristic adaptor 114 is provided, and Cn dp is configured so that e_nl becomes zero, and the nonlinear compensator 1
- the non-linear characteristic cancellation by 12 can be performed correctly.
- FIG. 18 shows a control result (simulation result) of the control system shown in FIG.
- the time to decrease the absolute value of the deviation caused by doft and dout is shortened, but overshoot behavior is still seen, so further improvement of controllability is desired.
- This overshoot behavior is due to the occurrence of interference between the adaptive disturbance observer 102 that performs disturbance compensation of the linear controller 110 and the nonlinear characteristic adaptor 114. That is, the non-linear characteristic adaptor 114 recognizes that e_nl generated by applying the disturbance dout is also a non-linear characteristic mismatch and corrects CnUdp, while the deviation due to the non-linear characteristic shift doft This is because the adaptive disturbance observer 102 corrects it if it occurs.
- the input to the controlled object model 114a used in the nonlinear characteristic adaptor 114 is changed as follows.
- the term of the disturbance estimated value cl estimated by the adaptive disturbance observer 102 with respect to Usl is eliminated. This is because the influence of the disturbance dout is canceled out by the estimated disturbance cl in the output Cain of the actual control object, so the influence does not appear in the output Cain. However, because there is no disturbance dout that cancels out in the controlled model 114a, the influence of the increase in input due to the estimated disturbance cl appears in the model output Cain_est and generates an incorrect deviation e_nl. . [0097] Therefore, the controlled object model 114a is improved as follows using Uest.
- Cain— est (k) a 1 sc Cain (k- l) + a2sc Cain (k- 2) + blsc Uest (k- 1) + b 2 sc Uest (k- 2)
- Ucain (k) dUcain (k) + Cnl_adp (k) (2— 1 2)
- dUcain (k) Fnl (dUsl (k)) (2-1-3)
- dUsl (k) Usl (k)-Cnl_adp ( k) (2-14)
- nonlinear characteristic adaptor 114 is as follows.
- Dcnl (k) Krch cnl ocnl (k) + adp cnl sum one ocnl (k) (2—16)
- ocnl (k) e_nl (k) + POLE— cnl e one nl (k -1) (2—1 7)
- e— nl (k) Cain_est (k)-Cain (k) (2-18)
- Cain—est (k) alsc Cain (k- 1) + a 2 sc Cain (k- 2) + b 1 sc Uest (k- 1) + b 2 sc Uest (k- 2)
- linear controller 110 two-degree-of-freedom response designation type controller 110 is as follows.
- CAIN_cmd_f (k) POLE— f CAI _cmd_f (k- 1) + (1 + one POLE CAIN— cmd (k)
- the adaptive disturbance observer 102 is as follows.
- model parameter scheduler 104 is as follows.
- FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a control system using the improved nonlinear characteristic adaptor 114.
- FIG. 20 shows control results (simulation results) when the control system shown in FIG. 19 is used.
- the interference between the non-linear characteristic adaptor 114 and the adaptive disturbance observer 102 is eliminated (reduced), and the deviation caused by the doft or the like is generated without causing an overshoot. Decrease promptly.
- the low overshoot characteristic that is characteristic of the two-degree-of-freedom response assignment control is also maintained.
- variable lift mechanism 40 based on the operating state of the engine 10 detected from the sensor output in S10, the variable lift mechanism 40, the variable phase mechanism 42 and The variable compression ratio mechanism 44 is controlled, and the intake amount of the engine 10 is controlled from the detected operating state.
- FIG. 21 is a sub-northine flow chart showing the processing.
- the program proceeds to S112, in which it is determined whether the detected accelerator opening AP is a fully closed opening, that is, whether the accelerator pedal is not depressed. If NO in S112, it is determined that the driver has requested driving, and the process proceeds to S114, and the lift target value Lift_cmd is searched from the detected engine speed NE and accelerator pedal opening AP according to the characteristics shown. (Calculate), and proceed to S116 to search (calculate) the phase target value Cain_cmd according to the characteristics shown in the figure from the engine speed NE and the accelerator opening AP that are similarly detected. Next, the process proceeds to S118, and the compression ratio target value Cr_cmd is retrieved (calculated) from the engine speed NE and the accelerator pedal opening AP similarly detected according to the characteristics shown.
- phase control, lift control, and compression ratio control are executed. That is, the variable compression ratio mechanism 44, the variable lift mechanism 40, and the variable phase machine according to the target value described above. Control structure 42.
- FIG. 22 is a sub-routine “flow” chart showing these processes.
- phase command value (control input) Ucain is calculated according to the above equation 2_12 force and equation 2_35 as shown in the figure.
- the control input Ucain (k) is calculated from Equation 2-12 to Equation 2-14.
- the nonlinear characteristic correction value Cnl_adp in the equation is calculated by the nonlinear characteristic adaptor 114 according to Equation 2-15 to Equation 2-21.
- linear controller 110 can be converted from Equation 2-22 to Equation 2
- the output Cain of the variable phase mechanism (VTC) 42 to be controlled is converged to the phase target value Cain_cmd in accordance with the response specification control algorithm shown in Fig. 27 (more specifically, the control algorithm with two degrees of freedom response specification). Calculate the temporary input Usl.
- the sliding mode control is a response command type control that can specify the convergence speed of the controlled variable, but the two-degree-of-freedom sliding mode control is an extension of the sliding mode control. In this control, the convergence rate of the controlled variable when a disturbance is applied can be individually specified.
- Equation 2-27 the filter value (target filter) Cain_cmd_f (k) of the phase target value is obtained by the first-order lag filter algorithm shown in Equation 2-27.
- POLE_f is the target value filter coefficient
- POLE used in Equation 2-23 etc. is a switching function setting parameter, and it is between _ 1 and 0, and at the end of Equation 2-27 Set as shown.
- the temporary input Usl (k) is calculated by the sliding mode control algorithm shown in Equations 2-22 to 2-26. Specifically, the temporary input Usl (k) is calculated as the sum of the equivalent control input Ueq (k) and the reaching law input Urch (k).
- Equation 2-23 The equivalent control input Ueq (k) is calculated according to Equation 2-23. Further, cl is a disturbance estimated value for compensating for disturbances and modeling errors as described above.
- Urch (k) is a value that puts the state quantity on the switching line, and is calculated according to Equation 2-24.
- Krch is a predetermined reaching law gain (feedback gain)
- ⁇ (k) is the switching function defined as Equation 2-25
- Ecain (k) in Equation 2-25 is the tracking error calculated by Equation 2-26.
- Equation 2-22 to Equation 2-27 are derived as follows. That is, when the temporary input Usl (k) is input and the phase Cain_est is defined as the output system and modeled as a discrete system model, the above Equation 2-11 is obtained. Equations 2-11 are equivalent to defining the dynamic characteristics between the temporary input Usl (k) and the phase Cain.
- Equations 2-11 are replaced with the values calculated by the model parameter scheduler 104, and the phase Cain follows the phase target value Cain_cmd based on that model.
- the target value filter type two-degree-of-freedom sliding mode control theory is applied, Equations 2-22 to Equations 2-27 are obtained.
- the phase Cain can be made to follow the phase target value Cain_cmd with high accuracy while suppressing disturbance.
- the target value filter coefficient POLE_f3 ⁇ 4r can be arbitrarily set in the above-described range in Equation 2-27, and the force S can be freely specified.
- a lift command value (operation amount) LLLiftin is calculated based on the illustrated equations (a) to (d).
- the first-order lag filter algorithm the lift desired value of the filter value Liftin_ cm d_f ( k) is calculated.
- the target value follow-up response designation parameter pole_f_lf is the same as the target value filter coefficient described above, defines the follow-up speed of the control amount with respect to the target value, and is set to a value larger than _1 and smaller than 0 as shown.
- a deviation EJf (k) is calculated by subtracting the filter value Liftin_Cmd_f (k) of the lift target value from the lift detection value Liftin (k) as shown in the equation (c), and then the equation (b) Multiply the previous value of the deviation by the disturbance suppression response designation parameter pole_lf3 ⁇ 4r and add the product obtained to the current value of the deviation to calculate the switching function ⁇ _lf (k).
- Disturbance suppression response specification parameter polejf is the same as the switching function setting parameter described above, and defines the convergence speed of deviation EJf when a disturbance is applied, and is set to a value greater than -1 and less than 0 as shown. Is done.
- the first term on the right side is the aforementioned reaching law input, and is calculated as a proportional term of the switching function as shown in the figure.
- the second term on the right-hand side is an adaptive law input for placing the state quantity on the switching line while suppressing the steady-state deviation, and is calculated as the integral term of the switching function as shown in the figure.
- the first and second feedback gains are values set through simulations and experiments.
- the lift control is executed by operating the electric motor 40d of the variable lift mechanism 40 based on the calculated lift command value.
- a compression ratio command value (operation amount) U_Cr is calculated based on the illustrated equations (a) to (d), and the variable compression ratio mechanism is calculated based on the calculated compression ratio command value.
- the compression ratio control is executed by operating the hydraulic mechanism 44e of 44.
- command value calculation itself in S204 is different only in the subscripts and not different from that in S202, and the description thereof will be omitted.
- the output of the air flow meter 68 is sampled and sucked for each CRK signal.
- Calculate the volume GcyLaftn (in order to eliminate the influence of pulsation, use the average value of the calculated values in the TDC section).
- a preset characteristic is searched from the calculated intake GcyLaftn and the detected accelerator opening AP, the fuel injection amount is calculated so as to be the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio, and the indicator 16 is calculated based on the calculated fuel injection amount. Drive.
- FIG. 23 is a sub-routine flow chart similar to FIG. 21, showing the process.
- the deviation Enfs (k) is calculated by subtracting the target engine speed NE_fs (for example, 2000i "pm) from the engine speed detected value NE (k) as shown in equation (c).
- NE_fs for example, 2000i "pm
- the response designation parameter pole ##
- the process proceeds to S310, where it is determined whether or not the detected accelerator opening AP is a fully closed position, and when the result is negative, it is determined that a driving request has been made by the driver.
- the process proceeds to S312, and the ignition command value Iglog is calculated according to appropriate characteristics (not shown) from the normal control, that is, the detected engine speed NE and the previously calculated intake air amount GcyLaftn.
- the deviation Enast (k) is calculated by subtracting the target engine speed NE_ast (eg, 1500 rpm) from the engine speed detection value NE (k) as shown in the expression (c), and then the expression (b ) Multiply the previous value of the deviation by the response specification parameter pole #, and add the product thus obtained to the current value of the deviation to calculate the switching function ⁇ # (k).
- NE_ast eg, 1500 rpm
- the response designation based on the linear element is performed for the variable phase mechanism (plant) 42 of the engine 10 including the linear element and the nonlinear element.
- Linear controller that calculates the temporary input Usl that converges the plant output Cain to the phase target value (target value) Cain_cmd according to the type control algorithm (more specifically, the 2-DOF response-specified sliding mode control algorithm) Controller) 110 and control input Ucain is calculated based on non-linear compensator (table characteristic in FIG. 14) 112 set to cancel the characteristic of the temporary input and the non-linear element of the plant.
- Control target model consisting only of the linear elements (estimated model.
- Equation 2-1, Equation 2-11, Equation 3-1) before calculated by 114a A non-linear characteristic adaptor (correcting means) 114 that corrects the non-linear compensator 112 based on the estimated output value Cain_est of the plant and the error e_nl of the detected output value Cain of the plant is configured.
- the linear controller 110 and the like are actually processes performed by the ECU 80.
- the nonlinear characteristics of the variable phase mechanism (plant) 42 vary in manufacturing and aging. Even if it changes, the nonlinear compensator 112 can compensate the nonlinear characteristic with high accuracy, and the plant output Cain can be controlled to the target value Cain_cmd with high accuracy and high response.
- the nonlinear characteristic adaptor (modifying means) 114 modifies the nonlinear compensator 112 by a response designating control algorithm so that an error e_nl between the output estimation value Cain_est and the output detection value Cain becomes zero. Since it is configured as described above, in addition to the above-described effect, the nonlinear compensator 112 can be quickly corrected without causing overshoot, so that controllability can be further improved.
- a means for calculating an estimated value cl of the disturbance applied to the variable phase mechanism (plant) 42
- the nonlinear characteristic adaptor (correction means) 114 is a value obtained by subtracting a term related to the disturbance estimated value cl from the control input (Ucain) (a value obtained by deleting the related term).
- Ucain control input
- the plant output Cain can be prevented from exhibiting an overshoot characteristic with respect to the target value Cain_cmd, and controllability can be further improved.
- the plant is configured to be the variable phase mechanism 42 that variably adjusts the phase of the intake valve 20 of the engine (internal combustion engine) 10, in addition to the above effects, an overshoot occurs. It is possible to control the phase of the intake valve 20 to the target phase with high accuracy and high response.
- FIG. 24 is a block diagram similar to FIG. 19, schematically showing the control system of the plant control apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the output Cain_est of the controlled object model 114a in the nonlinear characteristic adaptor 114 is affected by the input based on the estimated disturbance cl, and an erroneous deviation e_nl is generated.
- the term related to the estimated disturbance input cl is deleted from the input to the controlled object model 114a. This is real
- the force applied by the disturbance to the controlled object model was a measure to eliminate the inconsistency that no disturbance was applied to the controlled object model 114a.
- the same effect can be realized by applying an estimated disturbance equivalent to that of the actual controlled object to the controlled object model 114a in the nonlinear characteristic adaptor 114.
- the control target model 114a in the nonlinear characteristic adaptor 114 is changed as follows using the estimated disturbance cl estimated by the adaptive disturbance observer 102.
- Cain— est (k) alsc Cain (k- 1) + a 2 sc Cain (k- 2) + blsc Usl (k- 1) + b 2 sc Usl (k— 2) + cl (k)
- Dcnl (k) Krch cnl ocnl (k) + Kadp cnl sum—ocnl (k, (3— 6)
- ocnl (k) e nl (k) + POLE— cnl e— nl (k -1) (3 -7)
- e_nl (k) Cain— est (k) — Cain (k) (3 _ 8)
- Cain est (k) a 1 sc Cain (k- 1) + a 2 sc Cain (k- 2) + b 1 sc Usl (k- 1) + b 2 sc Usl (k- 2) + c 1 (k )
- Urch (k) - ⁇ -a (k) (3-12) blsc (k) switching function
- the characteristics of the adaptive disturbance observer 102 are as follows.
- ⁇ ⁇ (k) [CAIN (k- 1) CAIN (k- 2) Usl (k- l) Usl (k- 2) 1] (3-1 9)
- phase command value (control input) U_cain is calculated using Equation 3-2 and subsequent steps in S200 of FIG. It will be.
- the adaptive disturbance observer (102) constituting the same is provided, and the nonlinear characteristic adaptor (correction means) 114 is configured to calculate the estimated value Cain_est using the estimated value cl of the disturbance. Therefore, similarly, since the disturbance compensation by the disturbance estimated value cl and the correction of the nonlinear characteristic adaptor 114 do not interfere with each other, the plant output can be prevented from exhibiting an overshoot characteristic with respect to the target value. In addition, controllability can be further improved. That is, even in the plant control apparatus according to the second embodiment, the same control result (shown in FIG. 20) as that of the apparatus of the first embodiment can be obtained. In the illustrated configuration, the linear controller 110 and the like are actually processes performed by the ECU 80.
- FIG. 25 is a block diagram similar to FIG. 19, schematically showing the control system of the plant control apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- variable compression ratio mechanism 44 which is not limited to the variable phase mechanism 42.
- the compression ratio is increased or decreased by rotating the movable shaft 44c2 of FIG. 2 by the hydraulic mechanism 44e.
- the characteristic of the generated force Fcr with respect to the control input Ucr of the hydraulic mechanism 44e is nonlinear as shown in FIG.
- a large Fcr is required to rotate the movable shaft 44c2 of the variable compression ratio mechanism 44 shown in FIG.
- Fcr as shown in Fig. 26 suddenly changes when the opening of the oil passage inside the control valve (not shown) changes slightly (+/- direction switching). It has a characteristic that changes.
- the variable compression ratio mechanism 44 can also be modeled by a nonlinear element and a linear element (delay element) representing the characteristics of Fig. 26, and the first or second embodiment shown in Fig. 25 is used. It is possible to perform control by the control system described above. In that case, the nonlinear table to be used in the nonlinear compensator 112 is as shown in FIG. As for the arithmetic expression, Cain may be rewritten as Cr in the expression used in the first or second embodiment.
- controllability can be dramatically improved by using the control system shown in FIG.
- variable compression ratio mechanism (plant) 44 of the engine 10 including the linear element and the nonlinear element is based on the linear element.
- Control input based on controller (linear controller) 1 10 and nonlinear compensator (table characteristics in Fig. 27) 112 set to cancel the characteristics of the temporary input and the nonlinear elements of the plant.
- Ucr is calculated in the plant control device, and the controlled object model (estimated model.
- Formula 2-1, Formula 2-11, Formula 3-1) consisting only of the linear elements.
- a non-linear characteristic adaptor (correcting means) 114 for correcting the non-linear compensator 112 based on an estimated output value Cr_est of the plant and an error e_nl of the detected output value Cr of the plant is provided.
- the linear controller 110 and the like are processes actually performed by the ECU 80.
- the nonlinear compensator 112 can compensate for the nonlinear characteristic with high accuracy. It is possible to control the plant output to its desired value Cr_ C md the accuracy and high response.
- the nonlinear characteristic adaptor (correction means) 114 controls the nonlinear compensator 112 by a response designating control algorithm so that an error e_nl between the output estimation value Cr_est and the output detection value Cr becomes zero. Since it is configured to be corrected, in addition to the above-described effects, the nonlinear compensator 112 can be quickly corrected without causing overshoot, so that controllability can be further improved.
- a means for calculating an estimated value cl of the disturbance applied to the variable phase mechanism (plant) 42 is provided,
- the non-linear characteristic adaptor (correction means) 114 obtains the output estimated value Cr_est from the control input (Ucr from the term related to the disturbance estimated value cl by eliminating the related term.
- disturbance compensation by the adaptive disturbance observer 102 and disturbance compensation by the cl and the correction of the nonlinear characteristic adaptor 114 interfere with each other because the calculation is based on Uest (Equation 2_19). Therefore, the plant output can be prevented from exhibiting an overshoot characteristic with respect to the target value Cr_cmd, and controllability can be further improved.
- the plant is configured to be the variable compression ratio mechanism 44 that adjusts the compression ratio of the engine (internal combustion engine) 10, in addition to the effects described in the first and second embodiments, the compression ratio When switching between increases and decreases, the compression ratio can be controlled to change smoothly without changing the compression ratio abruptly.
- variable phase mechanism 42 and variable compression ratio mechanism 44 may be controlled by the control system described above.
- the nonlinear characteristic correction value is calculated by an expression using the simple sliding mode algorithm.
- other backstepping control algorithms or PID control may be used instead.
- the simple sliding mode control is used for the lift control or the ignition timing control.
- other sliding mode control may be used, and other control such as adaptive control or PID control may be used.
- a control algorithm may be used.
- variable lift mechanism the variable phase mechanism or the variable compression ratio mechanism is not limited to the illustrated one.
- the linear controller that calculates the temporary input Usl that converges the output of the plant to the target value according to the control algorithm based on the linear element, and the characteristic of the temporary input and the nonlinear element of the plant are offset.
- a plant controller that calculates the control inputs Ucain and Ucr based on a nonlinear compensator set to Since it is configured to include a correction means that corrects the nonlinear compensator based on the plant output estimate Cain_est calculated by Dell and the plant output detection value Cain error e_nl the plant nonlinear characteristics are affected by manufacturing variations and aging. Even when there is a change due to changes, the nonlinear compensator can compensate the nonlinear characteristics with high accuracy, and a control device can be provided that controls the plant output to the target value with high accuracy and high response.
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Abstract
Description
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JP4810385B2 (ja) * | 2006-10-02 | 2011-11-09 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | ストローク特性可変エンジン |
DE102007005070B4 (de) * | 2007-02-01 | 2010-05-27 | Klippel, Wolfgang, Dr. | Anordnung und Verfahren zur optimalen Schätzung der linearen Parameter und der nichtlinearen Parameter eines Modells, das einen Wandler beschreibt |
JP4924486B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-07 | 2012-04-25 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 車両用内燃機関の吸気制御装置 |
JP6259332B2 (ja) * | 2014-03-20 | 2018-01-10 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | 内燃機関の制御装置 |
CN106321251B (zh) * | 2015-07-08 | 2018-02-09 | 北京华清燃气轮机与煤气化联合循环工程技术有限公司 | 重型燃气轮机压气机压比控制方法、控制器及控制系统 |
DE102015214179B3 (de) * | 2015-07-27 | 2016-08-18 | Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh | Verfahren zur Kompensation eines Ventildrifts einer Brennkraftmaschine |
CN106802565A (zh) * | 2017-03-13 | 2017-06-06 | 南京理工大学 | 一种压电驱动器的自适应逆控制方法 |
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CN108762088B (zh) * | 2018-06-20 | 2021-04-09 | 山东科技大学 | 一种迟滞非线性伺服电机系统滑模控制方法 |
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2004
- 2004-10-07 JP JP2004295261A patent/JP4598474B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-09-22 CN CNB2005800339895A patent/CN100480908C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-09-22 DE DE602005024602T patent/DE602005024602D1/de active Active
- 2005-09-22 US US11/664,696 patent/US7725239B2/en active Active
- 2005-09-22 WO PCT/JP2005/017499 patent/WO2006038474A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-09-22 EP EP05785612A patent/EP1811349B1/en not_active Ceased
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JPS6326702A (ja) * | 1986-07-21 | 1988-02-04 | Toshiba Corp | 多自由度マニピユレ−タの制御装置 |
JPS6392903U (ja) * | 1986-12-09 | 1988-06-15 | ||
DE3833881A1 (de) | 1988-10-05 | 1990-04-12 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Regeleinrichtung |
JPH05294173A (ja) * | 1992-04-21 | 1993-11-09 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | 車両の統合制御装置 |
JPH05333905A (ja) * | 1992-05-29 | 1993-12-17 | Kobe Steel Ltd | スライディングモード制御系を用いた制御方法 |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN112711237A (zh) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-27 | 华润电力技术研究院有限公司 | 一种火电机组自动控制品质在线评估方法和系统 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE602005024602D1 (de) | 2010-12-16 |
EP1811349A1 (en) | 2007-07-25 |
CN101036090A (zh) | 2007-09-12 |
EP1811349A4 (en) | 2009-11-04 |
US20090125208A1 (en) | 2009-05-14 |
CN100480908C (zh) | 2009-04-22 |
EP1811349B1 (en) | 2010-11-03 |
US7725239B2 (en) | 2010-05-25 |
JP4598474B2 (ja) | 2010-12-15 |
JP2006107280A (ja) | 2006-04-20 |
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