WO2006028199A1 - 美白用皮膚外用剤及び美白方法 - Google Patents
美白用皮膚外用剤及び美白方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006028199A1 WO2006028199A1 PCT/JP2005/016581 JP2005016581W WO2006028199A1 WO 2006028199 A1 WO2006028199 A1 WO 2006028199A1 JP 2005016581 W JP2005016581 W JP 2005016581W WO 2006028199 A1 WO2006028199 A1 WO 2006028199A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- extract
- skin
- acid
- whitening
- glyceryl monolinoleate
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
- A61K8/37—Esters of carboxylic acids
- A61K8/375—Esters of carboxylic acids the alcohol moiety containing more than one hydroxy group
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
- A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
- A61K31/22—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin
- A61K31/23—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin of acids having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms
- A61K31/231—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin of acids having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms having one or two double bonds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/35—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/351—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with another ring
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/365—Lactones
- A61K31/366—Lactones having six-membered rings, e.g. delta-lactones
- A61K31/37—Coumarins, e.g. psoralen
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/365—Lactones
- A61K31/375—Ascorbic acid, i.e. vitamin C; Salts thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/7028—Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages
- A61K31/7034—Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages attached to a carbocyclic compound, e.g. phloridzin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
- A61Q19/02—Preparations for care of the skin for chemically bleaching or whitening the skin
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a skin whitening external preparation containing glyceryl monolinoleate and a skin whitening method comprising glyceryl monolinoleate as an active ingredient.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and can be widely blended into a skin external preparation without selecting a dosage form such as an aqueous dosage form or an emulsifying type, and has the same excellent whitening effect as linoleic acid. It is an object of the present invention to provide an external preparation for skin. Another object of the present invention is to provide an external preparation for skin that has excellent stability in the preparation and does not diminish the whitening effect over time.
- a composition for treating or preventing keratinization of the skin and the like a composition containing dalyseryl monolinoleate is known as S (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-302442), monolino Les is not known for the whitening effect of glyceryl monophosphate.
- S Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-302442
- monolino Les is not known for the whitening effect of glyceryl monophosphate.
- some monodalysides of unsaturated fatty acids other than linoleic acid, such as glyceryl monooleate are widely used in cosmetic applications, but are usually blended as a feel modifier or emulsifier.
- the present invention provides a skin whitening preparation for whitening containing glyceryl monolinoleate. Furthermore, the present invention provides the above-mentioned skin whitening preparation for skin whitening containing a whitening agent other than glyceryl monolinoleate, particularly an ascorbic acid derivative, kojic acid, arbutin or ellagic acid.
- a whitening agent other than glyceryl monolinoleate particularly an ascorbic acid derivative, kojic acid, arbutin or ellagic acid.
- the present invention provides a skin whitening method comprising glyceryl monolinoleate as an active ingredient. Also provided is a skin whitening method comprising one or more selected from glyceryl monolinoleate and ascorbic acid derivatives, kojic acid, arbutin, and ellagic acid as active ingredients.
- the skin whitening external preparation of the present invention contains glyceryl monolinoleate as an active ingredient of the whitening agent.
- the glyceryl monolinoleate used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has been subjected to a treatment such as purification so that it can be generally used in cosmetics.
- Glyceryl monolinoleate is usually synthesized by esterifying 1 mol of linoleic acid to the glycerol position. When linoleic acid is purified from plants, unsaturated fatty acids other than linoleic acid may sometimes be present.
- the iodine value of the compound containing glyceryl monolinoleate to be used is preferably at least 100 or more, preferably from 100 to 135, from the viewpoint of whitening effect.
- Iodine value is a measure of the degree of unsaturation in fatty acids and can be measured by the measurement method described in Cosmetic Material Standards Second Edition Comment II.
- glyceryl monolinoleate when glyceryl monolinoleate is blended as a whitening agent in a preparation, a skin external preparation that is particularly excellent in a whitening effect, particularly a melanin production suppressing effect, can be obtained.
- the whitening effect of glyceryl monolinoleate is thought to be mainly due to the degradation of tyrosinase, an enzyme that converts glyceryl monolinoleate into a melanin pigment.
- “whitening” is used to mean not only the positive effect of whitening the skin but also the negative effect of suppressing the blackening of the skin. For example, it includes not only the effect of improving pigmentation such as stains and freckles, but also the effect of suppressing pigmentation.
- the blending amount of glyceryl monolinoleate in the external preparation for skin of the present invention is preferably 0.1 to 5% by mass (hereinafter simply referred to as "%"), more preferably 0.2 to 3%. It is. Within this range, the storage stability of the external preparation for skin is good and a high whitening effect can be exhibited.
- a numerical range expressed using “to” means a range including numerical values described before and after “to” as a lower limit value and an upper limit value.
- glyceryl monolinoleate and other whitening agents when used in combination in a skin external preparation, a whitening effect is obtained synergistically.
- Other whitening agents include ascorbic acid derivatives, kojic acid, arbutin, ellagic acid, linoleic acid, vitamin E and its derivatives, glycyrrhizic acid and its derivatives, tranexamic acid, placenta extract, force mitre extract, licorice extract Extract, age extract, ogon extract, seaweed extract, cucumber extract, caquette extract, gokahi extract, rice bran extract, wheat germ extract, saicin extract, hawthorn extract, sun penz extract, shirayuri Extract, Peonies extract, Sengpu extract, Soy extract, Tea extract, Molasses extract, Beechlen extract, Grape extract, Hop extract, Maikai extract, Mokka extract, Yukinosita extract, Yokuinin Examples include extracts.
- whitening agents that are preferably combined with glyceryl monolinoleate are preferably whitening agents that differ from the aforementioned glyceryl monolinoleate in a mechanism that provides a whitening effect.
- a reducing agent such as an ascorbic acid derivative that has the effect of reducing the produced melanin pigment to lighten the color; and an ascorbine that has an effect of directly acting on the enzyme tyrosinase to suppress the production of melanin pigment Tyrosinase activity inhibitors such as acid derivatives, kojic acid, arbutin, ellagic acid; and the like.
- Ascorbic acid derivatives kojic acid, arbutin, and ellagic acid are particularly preferred because they can significantly improve the whitening effect when combined with dariceryl monolinoleate and added to a topical skin preparation.
- Specific examples of such ascorbic acid derivatives include L-amino acids such as sodium L-ascorbate, potassium L-ascorbate and magnesium L-ascorbate.
- L-ascorbic acid phosphate ester such as Scorbate, L-ascorbic acid sodium phosphate, L-ascorbic acid phosphate, L-ascorbic acid phosphate, L-calcium ascorbate phosphate, L-ascorbic acid sulfate
- Examples include sodium, L-ascorbic acid magnesium sulfate, L-ascorbic acid sulfate such as calcium L-ascorbate sulfate, and L-ascorbic acid darcoside.
- the amount of other whitening agent that can be used in combination with glyceryl monolinoleate in the external preparation for skin of the present invention is preferably 0.:! To 5%, more preferably 0.5 to 3.5%. . Within this range, when used together with glyceryl monolinoleate, the whitening effect is remarkably improved.
- Glyceryl monolinoleate used as a whitening agent in the present invention can be stably blended with a wide range of external preparations for skin.
- external preparations for skin For example, water, oil-in-water emulsification system, water-in-oil emulsification system, oil system, powder, etc., and liquid, emulsion, cream, solid, powder, etc. Even so, it can be blended stably.
- the formulation of the external preparation for skin of the present invention is not particularly limited, for example, emulsion, tarium, lotion, cosmetic liquid, pack, cleaning agent, makeup cosmetic, dispersion liquid, ointment, liquid agent, Any form of cosmetics such as aerosols, patches, cataplasms, liniments, etc. may be external medicines.
- the external preparation for skin of the present invention contains components that are usually used in preparations such as cosmetics, quasi-drugs, and external medicines, that is, water, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired as necessary.
- preparations such as cosmetics, quasi-drugs, and external medicines
- alcohol oil agent, surfactant, metal sarcophagus, gelling agent, powder, alcohol, water-soluble polymer, film-forming agent, resin, UV protection agent, Inclusion compounds, antiseptics, antibacterial agents, fragrances, deodorants, salts, pH adjusters, refreshing agents, animals
- Microbe-derived extracts, plant extracts, blood circulation promoters, astringents, antiseborrheic agents, whitening Agents, anti-inflammatory agents, active oxygen scavengers, cell activators, moisturizers, chelating agents, keratolytic agents, enzymes, hormones, vitamins and the like can be included.
- a chelating agent as a stabilizer for glyceryl monolinoleate.
- Chelating agents include ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and its salt, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid and its salt, hydroxyethane diphosphonic acid, ethylenediamine hydroxyethyl triacetic acid and its salt, citrate and its salt, darconic acid And salts thereof, tartaric acid and salts thereof, phytic acid, sodium polyphosphate, sodium metaphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate and the like.
- hydroxyethanediphosphonic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and salts thereof are preferable from the viewpoint of stabilization of glyceryl monolinoleate.
- the amount of these chelating agents is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.001 to 5%, more preferably 0.01 to 3%.
- lower alcoholate such as ethanol, glycerinole, diglycerinole, ethylene glycolanol, diethyleneglycolanol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1,3- Polyhydric alcohols such as butylene glycol and polyethylene glycol can be used.
- an oil agent it is a natural oil or a synthetic oil as long as it is used in normal cosmetics as a constituent component or usability of the base to improve the feeling of use. Or use hydrocarbons, waxes, fatty acids, higher alcohols, ester oils, silicone oils, fluorine-based oils, etc., regardless of whether they are solid, semi-solid or liquid. You can.
- hydrocarbons such as liquid paraffin, squalane, petrolatum, synthetic ester oils such as cetyl tri-2-ethylhexylate, pentaerythritol tetra-2-ethylhexanoate, olive oil, castor oil, jojoba oil, mink Plants and animals such as oil, muss power demian nut oil, apricot oil, persian oil, safflower oil, sunflower oil, apogad oil, meadowweed oil, camellia oil, almond oil, egoma oil, sesame oil, borage oil, shea fat Derived oils and fats, waxes such as beeswax, carnaupa wax, candelilla wax, gay wax and the like.
- synthetic ester oils such as cetyl tri-2-ethylhexylate, pentaerythritol tetra-2-ethylhexanoate, olive oil, castor oil, jojoba oil
- UV protection agent paramethoxy cinnamate _2-ethylhexyl, 2-hydroxy
- Water-soluble polymers are used to stabilize the system, improve usability, and improve the feeling of use, and are also used to obtain a moisturizing effect.
- Specific examples of water-soluble polymers include plant polymers such as carrageenan, pectin, agar, locust bean gum, sugar polymers such as xanthan gum and hyanorenolic acid, animal polymers such as gelatin, and starch polymers such as starch.
- antiseptic and antibacterial agent examples include benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, paraoxybenzoic acid ester, benzalkonium chloride, phenoxyethanol, isopropylmethylphenol and the like.
- the anti-inflammatory agent is used for the purpose of suppressing inflammation such as hot flashes and erythema on the skin after sunburn, and io and its derivatives, glycyrrhizic acid and its derivatives, glycyrrhetinic acid and its derivatives, aloe extract,retea extraction Extract, cinnamon extract, ginseng extract, nettle extract, nettle extract, hypericum extract, honey extract, king gins extract, tareson extract, salmon extract, sicon extract Products, perilla extract, birch extract, gentian extract and the like.
- the cell activator is used for the purpose of improving rough skin, etc., and includes caffeine, chicken crown extract, shell extract, shell extract, royal jelly, silk protein and its degradation products or derivatives thereof, ratatopherin. Or its degradation products, mucopolysaccharides such as chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid or their salts, collagen, yeast extract, lactic acid bacteria extract, bifidobacteria extract, fermentation metabolic extract, yew extract, barley extract, Examples include senpri extract, Thai extract, carrot extract, rosemary extract, organic acids such as glycolic acid, citrate, lactic acid, phosphoric acid, tartaric acid, and succinic acid, and derivatives thereof.
- the active oxygen scavenger is used for the purpose of suppressing oxidative damage such as suppression of lipid peroxide production, superoxide dismutase, mannitol, taenorecetin, catechin and its derivatives, rutin and its derivatives, button pi extract, yashaji extract , Melissa extract, Rahan fruit extract, retinol and its derivatives, carotenoids and other vitamin A, thiamine and its derivatives, riboflavin and its derivatives, pyridoxine and its derivatives, vitamin B such as nicotinic acid and its derivatives, Examples include vitamin E such as tocopherol and its derivatives, dibutylhydroxytoluene and butylhydroxyanisole.
- humectants include proteins such as elastin and keratin, or derivatives thereof, Decomposed products and salts thereof, amino acids such as glycine, serine, aspartic acid, gnoretamic acid, arginine, theanine and derivatives thereof, sonorebitanol, erythritol, trehalose, inositol, gnolecose, sucrose and derivatives thereof, dextrin and derivatives thereof Body, honey and other saccharides, D_pantenol and its derivatives, urea, phospholipid, ceramide, ollen extract, ginger extract, ginger extract, gypsophila extract, genius oyster extract, tachijia kosou extract, dokudami extract, Examples of such extracts include hamamelis extract, bodaige extract, maronnier extract, quince extract.
- amino acids such as glycine, serine, aspartic acid, gnoretamic acid, arginine, the
- a melanin production suppression test was performed on cultured pigment cells.
- the cultured cells were mouse-derived B-16 melanoma cells.
- the cell growth rate (%) was calculated from the number of cells in each sample, assuming that the number of cells when only control ethyl alcohol was added was 100%.
- a sample with a cell growth rate of 70% or more was judged to be excellent in safety, and the degree of whitening of the cells was visually evaluated.
- the number of cells when ethyl alcohol was added instead of the sample was taken as 100%.
- the number of cells at the sample concentration was quantified and used as the cell growth rate (%).
- the degree of cell whitening at a sample concentration where the cell growth rate was 70% or more was evaluated visually according to the following criteria.
- Test Example 1 As a comparison, a test was conducted using linoleic acid, which is generally known for its whitening effect. The same test as in Example 1 was performed. The results of Test Example 1 are shown in Table 1. In Test Example 1, the cell whitening degree was evaluated for samples having cell growth rates of 93% glyceryl monolinoleate and 93% linoleic acid.
- Creams were prepared according to the composition shown in Table 2 and the following production method, and the dullness improving effect and storage stability were evaluated.
- the glyceryl monolinoleate used in Examples 1 to 5 all had an iodine value of 123. The same applies to the iodine value of glyceryl monolinoleate used in Examples 6 to 11 described later.
- Components (1) to (: 11) were mixed by heating and kept at 70 ° C.
- a and B were mixed uniformly to obtain a lotion.
- the lotion of Example 6 produced by the above production method was a lotion having good storage stability and exhibiting an excellent whitening effect.
- the emulsion of Example 7 produced by the above production method was an emulsion having good storage stability and exhibiting an excellent whitening effect.
- Example 8 was added to A, mixed and then cooled to obtain a pack.
- the pack of Example 8 produced by the above production method was a pack having good storage stability and exhibiting an excellent whitening effect.
- component (22) was added to obtain a liquid foundation.
- the liquid foundation of Example 9 produced by the above production method was a liquid foundation having good storage stability and exhibiting an excellent whitening effect.
- compositions (17) and (18) were added to D.C to obtain a sunscreen emulsion (water-in-oil type).
- the sunscreen emulsion of Example 10 (water-in-oil type) produced by the above-described production method was a sunscreen emulsion having good storage stability and exhibiting an excellent whitening effect.
- the cosmetic liquid of Example 11 produced by the above production method was a cosmetic liquid having good storage stability and exhibiting an excellent whitening effect.
- the skin whitening preparation for whitening of the present invention contains glyceryl monolinoleate, it exhibits an excellent whitening effect and is useful as a skin external preparation for cosmetics, quasi drugs, pharmaceuticals, and the like. . Furthermore, since glyceryl monolinoleate is also excellent in storage stability, the whitening skin external preparation of the present invention maintains its whitening effect over a long period of time.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004-264579 | 2004-09-10 | ||
JP2004264579A JP2007320851A (ja) | 2004-09-10 | 2004-09-10 | 皮膚外用剤 |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2006028199A1 true WO2006028199A1 (ja) | 2006-03-16 |
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ID=36036480
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2005/016581 WO2006028199A1 (ja) | 2004-09-10 | 2005-09-09 | 美白用皮膚外用剤及び美白方法 |
Country Status (3)
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JP (1) | JP2007320851A (ja) |
TW (1) | TW200616666A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006028199A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2008094755A (ja) * | 2006-10-12 | 2008-04-24 | Pola Chem Ind Inc | 防腐力を有する皮膚外用剤 |
JP2010120860A (ja) * | 2008-11-17 | 2010-06-03 | Nippon Menaade Keshohin Kk | 美白剤 |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2018090516A (ja) * | 2016-12-01 | 2018-06-14 | 日光ケミカルズ株式会社 | 表皮細胞(ケラチノサイト)へのメラノソーム取り込み阻害剤、または取り込まれたメラノソームの体外への排出促進剤 |
JP7063567B2 (ja) * | 2017-10-02 | 2022-05-09 | ロレアル | エラグ酸化合物を含む組成物 |
JP2019172620A (ja) * | 2018-03-29 | 2019-10-10 | 日光ケミカルズ株式会社 | 炎症後色素沈着改善剤 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS61215315A (ja) * | 1985-03-20 | 1986-09-25 | Shiseido Co Ltd | 皮膚外用剤 |
EP0563085A1 (en) * | 1990-12-19 | 1993-10-06 | Beecham Group Plc | NEW COMPOSITIONS. |
WO1998056338A1 (fr) * | 1997-06-10 | 1998-12-17 | Sunstar Inc. | Produit cosmetique eclaircissant la peau |
WO2001008650A1 (en) * | 1999-07-30 | 2001-02-08 | Unilever Plc | Skin care composition |
JP2003267854A (ja) * | 2002-03-15 | 2003-09-25 | Kose Corp | 美白化粧料 |
-
2004
- 2004-09-10 JP JP2004264579A patent/JP2007320851A/ja active Pending
-
2005
- 2005-09-09 WO PCT/JP2005/016581 patent/WO2006028199A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-09-09 TW TW094131152A patent/TW200616666A/zh unknown
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS61215315A (ja) * | 1985-03-20 | 1986-09-25 | Shiseido Co Ltd | 皮膚外用剤 |
EP0563085A1 (en) * | 1990-12-19 | 1993-10-06 | Beecham Group Plc | NEW COMPOSITIONS. |
WO1998056338A1 (fr) * | 1997-06-10 | 1998-12-17 | Sunstar Inc. | Produit cosmetique eclaircissant la peau |
WO2001008650A1 (en) * | 1999-07-30 | 2001-02-08 | Unilever Plc | Skin care composition |
JP2003267854A (ja) * | 2002-03-15 | 2003-09-25 | Kose Corp | 美白化粧料 |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2008094755A (ja) * | 2006-10-12 | 2008-04-24 | Pola Chem Ind Inc | 防腐力を有する皮膚外用剤 |
JP2010120860A (ja) * | 2008-11-17 | 2010-06-03 | Nippon Menaade Keshohin Kk | 美白剤 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2007320851A (ja) | 2007-12-13 |
TW200616666A (en) | 2006-06-01 |
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