WO2006025234A1 - 表示素子および表示装置 - Google Patents
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- WO2006025234A1 WO2006025234A1 PCT/JP2005/015315 JP2005015315W WO2006025234A1 WO 2006025234 A1 WO2006025234 A1 WO 2006025234A1 JP 2005015315 W JP2005015315 W JP 2005015315W WO 2006025234 A1 WO2006025234 A1 WO 2006025234A1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
- G02F1/1393—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the birefringence of the liquid crystal being electrically controlled, e.g. ECB-, DAP-, HAN-, PI-LC cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/02—Liquid crystal materials characterised by optical, electrical or physical properties of the components, in general
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
- C09K19/22—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a chain containing carbon and nitrogen atoms as chain links, e.g. Schiff bases
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- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
- C09K19/24—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a chain containing nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3028—Cyclohexane rings in which at least two rings are linked by a carbon chain containing carbon to carbon single bonds
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- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3066—Cyclohexane rings in which the rings are linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms, e.g. esters or ethers
- C09K19/3068—Cyclohexane rings in which the rings are linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms, e.g. esters or ethers chain containing -COO- or -OCO- groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/34—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring
- C09K19/3441—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring having nitrogen as hetero atom
- C09K19/3444—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring having nitrogen as hetero atom the heterocyclic ring being a six-membered aromatic ring containing one nitrogen atom, e.g. pyridine
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/13731—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on a field-induced phase transition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/0403—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit the structure containing one or more specific, optionally substituted ring or ring systems
- C09K2019/0407—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit the structure containing one or more specific, optionally substituted ring or ring systems containing a carbocyclic ring, e.g. dicyano-benzene, chlorofluoro-benzene or cyclohexanone
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K2019/0477—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit characterized by the positioning of substituents on phenylene
- C09K2019/0481—Phenylene substituted in meta position
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3003—Compounds containing at least two rings in which the different rings are directly linked (covalent bond)
- C09K2019/3027—Compounds comprising 1,4-cyclohexylene and 2,3-difluoro-1,4-phenylene
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a display element and a display device, and in particular, a display element and a display device that can be driven in a low voltage and wide temperature range and have both a wide viewing angle and a high-speed response. It is about.
- liquid crystal display element has an advantage that it is thin, lightweight, and has low power consumption.
- liquid crystal display elements have been widely used in display devices provided in OA (Office Automation) equipment such as word processors and personal computers, information terminals such as video cameras, digital cameras, and mobile phones.
- OA Office Automation
- liquid crystal display elements that use nematic liquid crystals start with numerical segment type display elements such as watches and calculators.
- they have been taking advantage of the space-saving and low power consumption of notebook PCs (per sonal computers). Widely used as a display for desktop monitors.
- nematic liquid crystal display mode which is a twisted nematic ( ⁇ ) mode, or a phase difference plate is optically compensated.
- ⁇ mode in-plane switching (IPS) mode, vertical alignment (VA) mode, optical compensation bend (OCB) mode, etc. are known, and some liquid crystal display devices using these display methods have already been commercialized Is out in the hall
- Each of these display methods uses rotation of liquid crystal molecules by applying an electric field, and the liquid crystal molecules rotate in an aligned manner, so that it takes time to respond. Therefore, it takes tens to hundreds of milliseconds for the liquid crystal phase of Balta to respond, and it is difficult to achieve further high-speed response to several milliseconds or less.
- the alignment regulating force at the substrate interface is propagated to the entire Balta inside the cell due to the self-orientation of the liquid crystal molecules themselves, and the liquid crystal molecules of the entire Balta are aligned.
- display is performed using a long-range order due to the propagation of self-orientation of the liquid crystal molecules themselves.
- a ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) mode in which the degree of order is higher than that of the nematic liquid crystal phase and ferroelectricity is manifested in the smetatic liquid crystal phase, Or there is an antiferroelectric liquid crystal (AFLC) mode.
- FLC ferroelectric liquid crystal
- AFLC antiferroelectric liquid crystal
- liquid crystal display mode there is a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) mode that switches between a scattering state and a transparent state.
- PDLC polymer dispersed liquid crystal
- This PDLC mode does not require a polarizing plate and enables high-brightness display, but it has not been put into practical use due to problems such as a low contrast difference between the scattering state and the transparent state and a high drive voltage.
- a display method based on electronic polarization using a second-order electro-optic effect has been proposed for these display modes that use the rotation of liquid crystal molecules in a balta by applying an electric field.
- the electro-optic effect is a phenomenon in which the refractive index of a substance is changed by an external electric field.
- the electro-optic effect has an effect proportional to the first order of the electric field and an effect proportional to the second order, which are called the Pockels effect and the Kerr effect, respectively.
- the Kerr effect which is the secondary electro-optic effect, has been applied to high-speed optical shutters from an early stage, and has been put to practical use in special measuring instruments.
- liquid crystal material has a large Kerr constant
- a basic study for application to an optical modulation element, an optical deflection element, and an optical integrated circuit was conducted. Liquid crystal compounds exhibiting a Kerr constant exceeding double have also been reported.
- the application of the Kerr effect to a display device has begun to be studied. Since the force effect is proportional to the second order of the electric field, a relatively low voltage drive can be expected compared to the Pockels effect, which is proportional to the first order of the electric field. Because it shows millisecond response characteristics, it is expected to be applied to a high-speed response display device.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2001-249363 (publication date: September 14, 2001, hereinafter referred to as “Patent Document 1”) addresses this problem by aligning negative liquid crystal molecules.
- the orientation of the substrate surface is preliminarily applied to the Kerr effect. / A method to create a state of ashamedy has been proposed!
- Patent Document 1 an alignment film is formed on a substrate and an alignment treatment such as rubbing is performed to effectively increase the Kerr constant in the isotropic phase, resulting in a lower voltage. It is described that can be realized.
- Patent Document 1 mentions the refractive index anisotropy ( ⁇ n: change in refractive index) and dielectric anisotropy ( ⁇ ⁇ ) of the liquid crystal material used. However, it is not described at all that a material having a sufficiently large absolute value of the refractive index anisotropy ( ⁇ ) and dielectric anisotropy ( ⁇ ) is used for the liquid crystal material.
- the liquid crystal phase is driven in the nematic phase.
- the orientation film (or polar angle, azimuth angle) of the liquid crystal molecules on the substrate interface is defined by the alignment film that has been previously subjected to the alignment treatment on the substrate interface. Propagating with the self-orientation ability of the liquid crystal molecules themselves toward the internal direction, the whole liquid crystal layer of Balta is switched in a uniformly oriented state.
- Patent Document 1 is a phase above the nematic phase, that is, an isotropic phase that is a phase that appears next to the nematic phase when the temperature is raised (the isotropic phase). ), An electric field is applied, and a refractive index change (Kerr effect) proportional to the second order of the electric field strength appears.
- the temperature of the liquid crystal material is increased from the nematic phase, the liquid crystal material undergoes a phase transition to the isotropic phase at a temperature equal to or higher than a certain critical temperature (nematic and isotropic phase transition temperature (T)).
- T critical temperature
- thermodynamic fluctuation factor kinetic energy
- Patent Document 2 discloses that the temperature dependence of the Kerr constant of liquid crystal can be suppressed by dividing the region of the liquid crystal material into small areas with a specific material, and further, the constant force of the liquid crystal alone is It is disclosed that it can be substantially maintained.
- the liquid crystal material disclosed in Patent Document 2 is limited to a liquid crystal material (positive type) having a positive dielectric anisotropy.
- the display element is also premised on a comb electrode structure (inter-digital electrode structure) that applies an in-plane electric field.
- Patent Document 2 that further expands the driving temperature range describes a technique for dividing the liquid crystal material and the display element having the electrode constituent force into small regions by a polymer network or the like. Before the stabilization of the polymer, the driving voltage is lowered. However, if the polymer is stabilized, the driving voltage is further increased, and the practical use power is inevitable.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional problems, and an object of the present invention is to display in a display element array that can be driven in a wide temperature range with a high response speed and a low drive voltage. To provide an apparatus.
- the display element of the present invention includes a pair of opposing substrates and a material layer sandwiched between the pair of substrates, for example, a dielectric material layer.
- the material layer includes a liquid crystalline medium exhibiting a nematic liquid crystal phase and exhibits optical isotropy when no electric field is applied.
- the optical anisotropy is manifested by the application of, and the refractive index anisotropy at 550 nm in the nematic phase state of the liquid crystalline medium exhibiting the nematic liquid crystal phase is ⁇ n, and the dielectric anisotropy at 1 kHz is If the absolute value is I ⁇ ⁇ I, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇
- the display element generates an electric field between the two substrates, preferably with respect to the pair of substrates, substantially perpendicularly, more preferably perpendicularly (that is, in the normal direction of the substrate surface). It is preferable that an electric field applying means for applying an electric field to the layer is provided. Specifically, in the display element, it is preferable that electrodes for applying an electric field between the two substrates are formed on both the substrates. By forming the electrodes on the two substrates, an electric field can be generated between the substrates of the pair of substrates, that is, in the direction normal to the substrate surface of the pair of substrates.
- the electrode generates an electric field in the normal direction of the substrate surface of the pair of substrates, so that the entire region on the substrate can be used as the display region without sacrificing the electrode area.
- Possible, improved aperture ratio, transmittance Thus, the drive voltage can be lowered.
- the optical anisotropy can be promoted not only in the vicinity of the interface between the substance layer and the two substrates but also in a region away from the two substrates.
- the drive voltage can be narrowed as compared with the case where the gap between the electrodes is narrowed by the comb electrode.
- the material layer that is, as described above, includes a liquid crystalline medium exhibiting a nematic liquid crystal phase, and exhibits optical isotropy when no electric field is applied.
- a dielectric material layer made of a dielectric material is preferably used as the layer exhibiting the isotropic property.
- the display element according to the present invention includes a pair of opposing substrates, a dielectric material layer sandwiched between the pair of substrates, and an electric field sign for applying an electric field to the dielectric material layer.
- a display element including an applying means, wherein the electric field applying means generates an electric field in a direction normal to a substrate surface of the pair of substrates, and the dielectric material layer exhibits a nematic liquid crystal phase.
- a display element that performs display using a material (medium) that exhibits anisotropy inherently has a high-speed response characteristic and a wide viewing angle characteristic.
- different display states can be obtained by utilizing the fact that the shape of the refractive index ellipsoid changes between when no electric field is applied and when an electric field is applied as an electric field is applied. Realized.
- the refractive index in a substance generally differs depending on the direction that is not isotropic, and the anisotropy of the refractive index, that is, the optical anisotropy of the substance is usually a refractive index ellipsoid. Indicated by. In general, for light traveling in any direction, the plane that passes through the origin and is perpendicular to the traveling direction of the light wave is considered to be the cut surface of the refractive index ellipsoid, and the principal axis direction of this ellipse is the polarization of the light wave. The half of the length of the main axis corresponds to the refractive index in that direction.
- the present invention has realized a different display form by changing (rotating) the direction of the major axis direction without changing the shape of the cut surface of the elliptical ellipsoid.
- the conventional liquid crystal display element performs display using only the change in the alignment direction due to the rotation of the liquid crystal molecules due to the application of an electric field.
- the inherent viscosity of the liquid crystal greatly affects the response speed.
- the viscosity inherent in liquid crystal is the response speed as in a conventional liquid crystal display element. Since there is no problem when it has a large effect on the speed, a high-speed response can be realized.
- a display element that performs display using a medium that exhibits optical anisotropy by applying an electric field as in the present invention has high-speed response, it can be used, for example, for a field sequential color display device. You can also
- the conventional liquid crystal display element has a problem that the driving temperature range is limited to a temperature in the vicinity of the phase transition point of the liquid crystal phase, and extremely accurate temperature control is required.
- a display element that performs display using a medium that develops optical anisotropy by applying an electric field as in the present invention the state in which the degree of optical anisotropy changes by applying the electric field to the medium. It is easy to control the temperature because it is just kept at the temperature at which it is ready.
- a display element that performs display using a medium that exhibits optical anisotropy by applying an electric field as in the present invention uses a change in the degree of optical anisotropy in the medium for display. Therefore, a wider viewing angle characteristic can be realized than a conventional liquid crystal display element that performs display by changing the alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules.
- a cell having a comb electrode structure that applies an electric field in the in-plane direction of the substrate as in Patent Document 2 is premised on the use of a liquid crystalline medium having a positive dielectric anisotropy ⁇ . Since the force comb cannot be used for display, the aperture ratio is reduced, and it is difficult to obtain high transmittance. In addition, it becomes difficult to narrow the gap to about several meters.
- display is performed by applying an electric field between the pair of substrates.
- the electric field applying means is arranged in the direction normal to the substrate surface of the pair of substrates.
- the drive voltage can be lowered.
- a narrow gap can be achieved as compared with the case where the gap between the electrodes is narrowed by the comb-teeth electrode.
- the display element that is useful in the present invention is driven in an isotropic phase that is a phase that appears next to the nematic phase when the temperature is increased, but an electric field (voltage) application is performed.
- the liquid crystalline medium has a nematic phase! /, And the characteristics due to the refractive index anisotropy ⁇ n and the dielectric anisotropy ⁇ are revealed. did.
- the optical anisotropy corresponding to the intrinsic refractive index anisotropy ⁇ possessed by the molecules in the liquid crystalline medium can be developed at the maximum in the nematic phase, It is possible to obtain a display element with excellent light utilization efficiency.
- a driving voltage of the display element is applied to the material layer, for example, a dielectric material layer.
- the maximum effective voltage value that can be achieved can be achieved with a manufacturable cell thickness (ie, the thickness of the material layer (dielectric material layer)).
- the display device of the present invention is characterized by including the above-described display element according to the present invention.
- the display device includes the display element according to the present invention described above, so that the driving voltage necessary for display is lowered and the driving is performed in a wide temperature range. It is possible to realize a display device that can do this. Therefore, according to the above configuration, it is possible to realize a display device that can be driven in a wide temperature range with a fast response speed and a low driving voltage.
- FIG. 1 Transmission characteristics estimated from voltage-transmittance characteristics measured by sealing a liquid crystal material according to an embodiment of the present invention and a liquid crystal material for comparison in transparent plate electrode cells, respectively.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a display element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a main part of a display device using a display element that is useful for one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration around a display element used in the display device shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 shows the alignment treatment direction of the alignment film in the display element according to one embodiment of the present invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the relationship between the absorption-axis direction of a polarizing plate, and an electric field application direction.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the alignment state of one liquid crystal molecule when an electric field is applied in the display element shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 (a) is a schematic diagram showing the shape of a refractive index ellipsoid of one liquid crystal molecule when an electric field is applied.
- FIG. 8 (a)] is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules when no electric field is applied in the display element according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 (b) is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the alignment state of liquid crystal molecules when an electric field is applied in the display element shown in FIG. 8 (a).
- FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another schematic configuration of a display element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 (a)] is a schematic cross-sectional view showing still another schematic configuration of a display element according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which the alignment state of liquid crystal molecules when no electric field is applied in the display element It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows typically.
- FIG. 10 (b)] is a schematic cross-sectional view showing still another schematic configuration of the display element that is useful for one embodiment of the present invention, and is a liquid crystal when an electric field is applied in the display element shown in FIG. 10 (a). It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram schematically showing the orientation state of molecules.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing still another schematic configuration of the display element according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship among the alignment treatment direction of the alignment film, the absorption axis direction of the polarizing plate, and the electric field application direction in the display element shown in FIG.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing still another schematic configuration of the display element according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the absorption axis direction of the polarizing plate and the electric field application direction in the display element shown in FIG.
- a cross section showing still another schematic configuration of the display element according to one embodiment of the present invention It is a schematic diagram.
- FIG. 16 (a) is a schematic cross-sectional view showing still another schematic configuration of a display element according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which the alignment of liquid crystal molecules when no electric field is applied in the display element It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows a state typically.
- FIG. 16 (b) is a schematic cross-sectional view showing still another schematic configuration of the display element that is useful for one embodiment of the present invention, and in the display element shown in FIG. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows typically the orientation state of a liquid crystal molecule.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a display element according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a display device using the display element according to the embodiment of the present invention. It is a block diagram which shows schematic structure of the principal part.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration around the display element used in the display device shown in FIG.
- the display element according to this embodiment is used by being arranged in a display device together with a drive circuit, a signal line (data signal line), a scanning line (scanning signal line), a switching element, and the like.
- a display device 100 includes a display panel 102 in which pixels 10 are arranged in a matrix, a source driver 103 and a gate driver 104 as drive circuits. And a power supply circuit 106 and the like.
- each pixel 10 is provided with a display element 20 and a switching element 21 to be described later according to the present embodiment.
- the display panel 102 includes a plurality of data signal lines SLl to SLn (n represents an arbitrary integer of 2 or more) and a plurality of scan signals intersecting with the data signal lines SLl to SLn, respectively.
- Lines GLl to GLm (m is an arbitrary integer greater than or equal to 2) are provided, and for each combination of these data signal lines SL1 to SLn and scanning signal lines GL1 to GLm, the above pixels 10 are provided. It has been.
- the power supply circuit 106 supplies the source driver 103 and the gate driver 104 with a voltage for performing display on the display panel 102, whereby the source driver 1 03 drives the data signal lines SL1 to SLn of the display panel 102, and the gate driver 104 drives the scanning signal lines GL1 to GLm of the display panel 102.
- the switching element 21 for example, an FET (field effect transistor) element or a TFT (thin film transistor) element is used, and the gate electrode 22 of the switching element 21 is connected to the scanning signal line GLi and the source electrode. 23 is connected to the data signal line SLi, and the drain electrode 24 is connected to the display element 20. The other end of the display element 20 is connected to a common electrode line (not shown) common to all the pixels 10.
- the scanning signal line GLi i represents an arbitrary integer equal to or greater than 1
- the switching element 21 is turned on, and a display data signal to which controller power (not shown) is also input.
- a signal voltage determined based on the above is applied to the display element 20 by the source driver 103 via the data signal line SLi (i represents an arbitrary integer of 1 or more). While the selection period of the scanning signal line GLi ends and the switching element 21 is cut off, the display element 20 ideally continues to hold the voltage at the time of cut-off.
- the display element 20 is optically isotropic when no electric field (voltage) is applied (specifically, isotropic is macroscopic, specifically, visible wavelength region). In other words, it is sufficient if it is viewed on the wavelength scale of visible light or a scale larger than that, and by applying an electric field (voltage), the optical difference is mainly caused by electronic polarization or orientation polarization. Display is performed using the medium 11 (substance (dielectric substance), see Fig. 2) in which the directivity is manifested (especially, it is desirable that the birefringence increases when an electric field is applied).
- the configuration of the display element 20 according to the present embodiment will be described in detail below with reference to FIG.
- the display element 20 has a dielectric that is an optical modulation layer between a pair of opposing substrates 13 and 14 (electrode substrate), at least one of which is transparent.
- the material layer (dielectric liquid layer, material layer) 3 is sandwiched.
- the substrates 13 and 14 have transparent substrates 1 and 2 (transparent substrates) such as glass substrates, respectively, and an electric field is applied to the dielectric material layer 3 on these substrates 1 and 2.
- Electrodes 4 and 5 as electric field applying means for applying, and alignment films 8 and 9 as alignment auxiliary material L are provided respectively.
- the electrodes 4 and 5 are arranged on the opposing surfaces (inner sides) of the substrates 1 and 2.
- the alignment films 8 and 9 are provided inside the electrodes 4 and 5, respectively.
- polarizing plates 6 and 7 are provided on the surfaces (outside) of the substrates 1 and 2 opposite to the surfaces facing each other.
- the distance between the substrates 13 and 14 in the display element 20, that is, the thickness d of the dielectric material layer 3 (see FIG. 8A) is 1.
- the electrodes 4 and 5 were transparent electrodes having ITO (indium stannate) force.
- ITO indium stannate
- a horizontal alignment film made of polyimide “JALS-1048” (trade name) manufactured by JSR Corporation was used.
- FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the alignment treatment direction A of the alignment film 8 and the alignment treatment direction B of the alignment film 9, the absorption axis direction of the polarizing plates 6 and 7, and the electric field application direction to the electrodes 4.5.
- the electrodes 4 and 5 are arranged so as to generate an electric field in the normal direction of the substrate surface of the substrates 1 and 2.
- the alignment films 8 and 9 are arranged so that their alignment processing directions ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ are, for example, antiparallel (antiparallel, that is, antiparallel (parallel and opposite in direction)).
- the substrate surfaces of the substrates 1 and 2 are subjected to orientation treatment such as horizontal rubbing treatment (horizontal rubbing treatment) or light irradiation treatment (preferably polarized light irradiation treatment).
- orientation treatment such as horizontal rubbing treatment (horizontal rubbing treatment) or light irradiation treatment (preferably polarized light irradiation treatment).
- the polarizing plates 6 and 7 have absorption axes 6a '7a orthogonal to each other, and the alignment directions of the absorption axes 6a' 7a of the polarizing plates 6 and 7 and the alignment films 8 and 9 ⁇ Harves and forces are arranged at an angle of 45 degrees to each other.
- the display element 20 connects the substrate 13 and the substrate 14 with a sealing material (not shown), if necessary, through a spacer such as a plastic bead or a glass fiber spacer. And the medium 11 is sealed in the gap.
- the electrodes 4 and 5 are formed on the surfaces of the substrate 1 and the substrate 2, respectively.
- the method for forming the electrodes 4.5 the same method as that applied to the conventional liquid crystal display element can be used.
- the alignment film 8 is formed on the substrate 1 so as to cover the electrode 4.
- the alignment film 9 is formed on the substrate 2 so as to cover the electrode 5.
- the alignment films 8 and 9 are subjected to an alignment process such as a rubbing process or a light irradiation process (polarized light irradiation process).
- the alignment treatment direction (orientation regulating force direction) of the alignment films 8 and 9 for example, the rubbing direction or the light irradiation direction (polarized light irradiation direction) seems to have any one of parallel, antiparallel, and orthogonal relations. Make it.
- As the rubbing treatment a conventional method can be used.
- the surface of the alignment films 8 and 9 is irradiated with ultraviolet light (polarized light so that the irradiation light, preferably polarized light, is parallel, antiparallel, or orthogonal to each other.
- the orientation regulating force may be expressed in the above-described direction by performing ultraviolet irradiation.
- the alignment films 8 and 9 are horizontal alignment films as in the present embodiment, the light irradiation treatment is closer to the rubbing treatment and can be performed, so that the polarized light irradiation treatment is performed. Is effective.
- the substrates 13 and 14 (electrode substrates) on which the alignment films 8 and 9 are formed are spaced apart from each other (dielectric material layer) via a spacer (not shown) such as plastic beads. (Thickness of 3) is 1.
- the periphery of the substrates 13 and 14 is sealed and fixed with a sealing material (not shown). At this time, a portion that becomes an injection port (not shown) of the medium 11 (dielectric substance (dielectric liquid)) to be injected later is opened without being sealed.
- the material of the spacer and the sealing material is not particularly limited, and those used in conventional liquid crystal display elements can be used.
- the above-described medium 11 is injected between the substrates 13 and 14, thereby forming a dielectric made of the medium 11 or containing the medium 11. Forms the property layer 3.
- the polarizing plates 6 and 7 are bonded to the substrates 13 and 14, the medium 11 is injected into the gap, the inlet is sealed, the cell is completed, and then the external force of the cell is also applied. .
- the absorption axes 6a '7a are orthogonal to each other, and the absorption axes 6a' 7a of the polarizing plates 6 and 7 are 45 ° to the alignment treatment direction ⁇ ⁇ B of the alignment films 8 and 9. It is pasted to make an angle of.
- the substrate 13 or 14 is irradiated with ultraviolet light or the like from a desired direction, and the irradiation directions are different from each other.
- the medium 11 is injected into the gap, the injection port is sealed, and the cell is completed, and then the above is performed from the outside of the cell. Apply polarizing plates 6 and 7.
- the dielectric material layer 3 used in the display element 20 according to the present embodiment includes a liquid crystalline medium exhibiting a nematic liquid crystal phase as the medium 11 (dielectric material).
- the liquid crystalline medium has a negative dielectric anisotropy ( ⁇ ⁇ ) (that is, ⁇ ⁇ is negative).
- Negative type liquid crystalline mixture shall be used.
- one liquid crystal molecule (one liquid crystal molecule) of the negative liquid crystal mixture constituting the medium 11 is indicated by a liquid crystal molecule 12, respectively.
- a negative liquid crystal material that is, a liquid crystal material having a negative dielectric anisotropy (a liquid crystalline medium) is a liquid crystal phase that is mixed with, for example, a smectic phase or a nematic phase as in this embodiment.
- the dielectric constant in the molecular long axis direction is smaller than the dielectric constant in the molecular short axis direction (dielectric constant in the molecular long axis direction ⁇ induction of the molecular short axis direction).
- Electricity A material (medium) composed of rod-like molecules.
- the negative liquid crystalline mixture is, for example, the following structural formulas (1) and (2)
- liquid crystal material (1) a mixed compound of liquid crystal materials shown below (hereinafter referred to as liquid crystal material (1)).
- liquid crystal material (1) a mixed compound of liquid crystal materials shown below (hereinafter referred to as liquid crystal material (1)).
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms.
- the dielectric material layer 3 includes a medium 11 exhibiting a nematic liquid crystal phase (that is, a medium 11 including a liquid crystalline medium force exhibiting a nematic liquid crystal phase or a liquid crystalline medium exhibiting the nematic liquid crystal phase), and is optical when no electric field is applied.
- optical anisotropy isotropic phase
- optical anisotropy is manifested by applying an electric field
- the refractive index anisotropy ⁇ n in the nematic phase state of the liquid crystalline medium exhibiting the nematic liquid crystal phase described above
- the absolute value of dielectric anisotropy ( ⁇ ⁇ ) (
- FIG. 6 (a) is a schematic diagram showing the alignment state of one liquid crystal molecule (liquid crystal molecule 12) when an electric field is applied in the display element 20 shown in FIG. 2.
- the liquid crystal molecule 12 is indicated by an arrow C. It shows a state in which the substrates 1 and 2 are oriented in the in-plane direction perpendicular to the electric field application direction.
- FIG. 6 (b) is a schematic diagram showing the shape of the refractive index ellipsoid (refractive index ellipsoid 12a) of one liquid crystal molecule (liquid crystal molecule 12) when an electric field is applied, as shown in FIG. 6 (a).
- the shape of the refractive index ellipsoid 12a is shown by the shape of the cut surface of the refractive index ellipsoid 12a (ellipse) whose cut surface is a plane that passes through the origin and is perpendicular to the traveling direction of the light wave.
- the component direction of the polarization of the light wave, and half the length of the main axis corresponds to the refractive index in that direction.
- the medium 11 is optically approximately isotropic when the electric field is not applied as described above (the degree of orientation order on a scale of visible light or higher is almost zero), that is, optically isotropic ( Isotropic phase), and optical anisotropy is manifested (inducing optical modulation) by applying an electric field.
- the degree of orientational order> 0) is manifested.
- the refractive index anisotropy changes, whereas the conventional liquid crystal display device does not change the refractive index anisotropy.
- the major axis direction of the refractive index ellipsoid 12a when the electric field is applied is perpendicular to the electric field direction when a medium having a negative dielectric anisotropy is used (note that the dielectric anisotropy is positive).
- the major axis direction of the refractive index ellipsoid is displayed by rotating the major axis direction of the refractive index ellipsoid by applying an electric field.
- they are not always parallel or perpendicular.
- the major axis direction of the refractive index ellipsoid 12a is perpendicular to the electric field direction (orthogonal state), and when the dielectric anisotropy is positive (positive liquid crystal), the refractive index ellipsoid 12a
- the long axis direction is parallel to the electric field direction.
- the electric field direction and at least one of the principal axis directions of the refractive index ellipsoid 12a are always parallel or orthogonal.
- the degree of orientation order on a scale longer than the visible light wavelength is almost zero (there is almost no order of orientation).
- Isotropic force A force that is often aligned in a certain direction (with orientation order). When viewed on a scale of visible light or higher, it means that the orientation direction is averaged and there is no orientation order. In other words, the degree of orientational order is so small that it does not affect the wavelength of visible light and light having a wavelength larger than that of visible light. For example, a state where a black display is realized under cross-col is shown. On the other hand, in the present embodiment, the degree of orientation order> 0 at a scale of visible light wavelength or greater indicates that the orientation order power at a scale of visible light wavelength or greater is greater than the zero state. -Shows the white display under the screen (in this case, gray is also included).
- the display element 20 which is effective in the present embodiment has a constant direction of optical anisotropy (the electric field application direction does not change), and has an orientation degree on a scale of, for example, a visible light wavelength or more.
- the display is made by modulating the optical anisotropy of the medium 11 itself (example: For example, the degree of orientation order on a scale longer than the visible light wavelength is changed. Therefore, the display principle is very different from conventional liquid crystal display elements!
- the change in the degree of optical anisotropy of the medium due to the application of the electric field indicates that the shape of the refractive index ellipsoid 12a changes with the application of the electric field, as described above.
- the optical anisotropy is shown when no electric field is applied and the degree of optical anisotropy changes by applying the electric field, that is, when the optical anisotropy is expressed by applying the electric field
- the shape of the refractive index ellipsoid 12a changes from a spherical shape to an ellipse when an electric field is applied.
- display is performed using distortion generated in the optically isotropic structure, that is, a change in the degree of optical anisotropy in the medium 11.
- a wider viewing angle characteristic can be realized than a conventional liquid crystal display element that performs display by changing the alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules.
- the direction in which birefringence is generated is constant and the optical axis direction does not change. Therefore, a conventional liquid crystal display element that performs display by changing the alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules. A wider viewing angle characteristic can be realized.
- the display element 20 which is effective in the present embodiment, display is performed using anisotropy that is manifested by distortion of the structure of the minute region. For this reason, it is possible to realize a high-speed response of about 1 ms without any problem when the inherent viscosity of the liquid crystal greatly affects the response speed, as in the conventional display principle.
- display is performed using only the change in orientation direction due to the rotation of liquid crystal molecules due to the application of an electric field, and the liquid crystal molecules are aligned and rotated together. Therefore, the inherent viscosity of the liquid crystal greatly affects the response speed.
- the display element 20 which is useful for the present embodiment, since the distortion of the structure of the micro region is used, the influence of the inherent viscosity of the liquid crystal is affected. A small high-speed response can be realized.
- the display element 20 that is useful in the present embodiment uses the above-described display method, and has high-speed response, it can also be used for, for example, a field sequential color display device. it can.
- the driving temperature range is a temperature in the vicinity of the phase transition point of the liquid crystal phase. There is a problem that temperature control with extremely high accuracy is necessary.
- the display element 20 according to the present embodiment it is only necessary to keep the medium 11 at a temperature at which the degree of optical anisotropy changes with the application of an electric field. Therefore, temperature control can be facilitated.
- the refractive index anisotropy ⁇ was measured at a wavelength of 550 nm using an Abbe refractometer (“4 ⁇ (trade name)” manufactured by Atago).
- the dielectric anisotropy ( ⁇ ⁇ ) indicates the anisotropy of the dielectric constant
- the dielectric constant in the major axis direction of the liquid crystal molecule 12 is ⁇ e
- the dielectric anisotropy ⁇ is an impedance analyzer ("SI 12" manufactured by Toyo Corporation).
- the refractive index anisotropy ( Physical properties such as ⁇ ) and dielectric anisotropy ( ⁇ ⁇ ) are relatively flat with respect to temperature. That is, the dependence on temperature is not so great. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the measurement of the refractive index anisotropy ( ⁇ ) and the dielectric anisotropy ( ⁇ ) temperature ⁇ is a liquid crystal exhibiting the medium 11, that is, a nematic liquid crystal phase.
- dielectric anisotropy ⁇ (measurement frequency 1kHz, measurement temperature 25 ° C (0. 89T)) is 4.0
- the dielectric anisotropy of the compound represented by the structural formula (2) under the same conditions
- the refractive index anisotropy ⁇ in the nematic phase state of the negative liquid crystal mixture (negative liquid crystal material), that is, the liquid crystal material (1) under the same conditions is ⁇ 14.
- the dielectric anisotropy ⁇ is 14.
- the liquid crystal material (1) is a combination of the refractive index anisotropy ⁇ in the nematic phase state of 0.14 and the dielectric anisotropy ⁇ of ⁇ 14.
- the display element 20 obtained in this way is heated by an external heating device at a temperature immediately above the nematic-isotropic phase transition temperature (T) of the liquid crystal material (1) (slightly above T).
- V-T characteristics the voltage-transmittance characteristics
- the display element 20 which is effective in the present embodiment has reached a maximum transmittance at a relatively low voltage (about 24 V), and the above-described negative liquid crystalline mixture. It can be seen that the use of (Liquid crystal material (1)) realizes low voltage drive.
- the negative liquid crystalline mixture composed of the compounds represented by the structural formulas (1) and (2) has an anisotropic refractive index in the nematic phase state as described above. If the dielectric anisotropy is ⁇ n and the dielectric anisotropy in the nematic phase state is ⁇ , the refractive index anisotropy ⁇ in the nematic phase state is 0.14, which is the same in the nematic phase state. The rate anisotropy ⁇ is -14 and relatively large.
- the display element 20 that is useful in the present embodiment is a phase above the nematic phase, that is, a phase that appears next to the nematic phase when the temperature is raised, etc. It is driven in the normal phase (the isotropic phase), but when an electric field is applied, the influence of the alignment regulating force at the interface between the alignment films 8 and 9 and the liquid crystalline medium, that is, the negative liquid crystalline mixture force nematic phase. It has been found that the characteristics due to the refractive index anisotropy ⁇ and the dielectric anisotropy ⁇ possessed in the above are obvious.
- each liquid crystal molecule 12 in the medium 11 is in a direction perpendicular to the electric field. Oriented in the in-plane direction of the substrate.
- an anti-parallel treatment such as a rubbing treatment is performed.
- the liquid crystal molecules 12 are aligned along the processing direction ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , and the alignment regulating force extends to the inside of the butter and the uniaxial alignment is realized. As a result, light is transmitted.
- FIGS. 8 (a) and 8 (b) are diagrams showing the mechanism of the optical anisotropy of the display element 20 that works according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 8 (a) shows the display element 20 described above.
- FIG. 8 (b) shows the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules 12 when an electric field is applied in the display element 20 shown in FIG. 8 (a). It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram shown.
- the liquid crystal molecules 12 in the dielectric material layer 3 are aligned in the in-plane direction of the substrate, that is, in the in-plane direction of the substrates 1 and 2, and at the same time, the alignment treatment of the alignment films 8 and 9 at the upper and lower substrates 1 and 2 is performed. Try to line up along the direction ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ . As a result, when a voltage exceeding a certain threshold value (Vth) is applied (V> Vth), the liquid crystal molecules 12 are aligned in the alignment treatment direction ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ and arranged as shown in FIG. Come on.
- Vth a voltage exceeding a certain threshold value
- the maximum refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal molecule 12 ie, one liquid crystal molecule
- the optical anisotropy corresponding to the refractive index can also be exhibited in the display element 20 according to this embodiment, and a display element with excellent light utilization efficiency can be obtained. It becomes.
- the medium 11 has a liquid crystalline medium ( ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ I ⁇ ⁇ I) having a product of the refractive index anisotropy ⁇ n and the absolute value of the dielectric anisotropy ⁇ ⁇ of 1.9 or more ( Negative type liquid crystal material), preferably the negative type liquid crystalline mixture ( ⁇ I ⁇
- 1.96), the drive of 24V, which was set as the first target by the inventors of the present application.
- the voltage could be achieved with a cell thickness of 1. which is manufacturable (inter-electrode spacing in the normal direction of the substrate, specifically, the thickness of the dielectric material layer 3: d).
- the maximum withstand voltage that can be applied to the gate electrode is 63V.
- the voltage of 10 V when the gate electrode potential is High ie, the gate electrode is ON
- the voltage of 5 V when the gate electrode potential is ow ie, the gate electrode is OFF
- This voltage value is ⁇ 24V in terms of an effective value (rms: root-mean-square), and is the voltage value that the inventors of the present application set as the first target.
- the display element 20 uses a flat transparent electrode (electrodes 4 and 5) that applies a vertical electric field, ie, an electric field in the normal direction of the substrate ( Vertical electric field structure) is the premise.
- the structure of the display element is a comb electrode structure that applies an in-plane electric field (transverse electric field structure: Inter-digital electrode structure). It was a bodhi.
- a vertical electric field structure such as the display element 20 which is effective in the present embodiment
- a negative liquid crystal material is used, and a transparent flat plate electrode is used like the electrodes 4.5.
- the entire area on the substrates 13 and 14 can be used as a display area, and a display element having a high aperture ratio and a high transmittance can be realized.
- driving voltage it is relatively easy to reduce the cell thickness (d) compared with the case where the gap between the electrodes is narrowed with a comb-teeth electrode. The gap can be narrowed up to a degree.
- liquid crystal material (1) which is the above-described negative liquid crystal mixture used in the present embodiment, and some liquid crystal materials studied before finding the liquid crystal material (1) are used.
- the experimental results are described below.
- liquid crystal material (1) used in the present embodiment was used, and the following structural formulas (3) to (6) were studied before finding the liquid crystal material (1).
- the liquid crystal materials indicated by are respectively used as comparative liquid crystal materials (1) to (4), and the physical properties of these liquid crystal materials ( ⁇ : refractive index anisotropy, ⁇ : dielectric anisotropy, and ⁇
- ⁇ Table 1 shows the measurement results.
- the measurement conditions for the refractive index anisotropy ⁇ and the dielectric anisotropy ⁇ are as described above.
- Liquid crystal material (1) 0. 14 1 14 1. 96
- Liquid crystal material for comparison (1) 0. 1101 1 7. 2 0. 79
- Liquid crystal material for comparison (2) 0. 1098 One 5. 7 0. 63
- these liquid crystal materials are sealed in a transparent plate electrode cell (longitudinal electric field cell) similar to the display element 20 which is effective in the present embodiment, and the nematics isotropic phase transition temperature of each liquid crystal material by an external heating device.
- the cell thickness (d) was 1.3 ⁇ m in all cases.
- Figure 1 shows a plot of the relationship with the product ( ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ I ⁇ ⁇
- the vertical axis represents V (V) and the horizontal axis represents ⁇ ⁇ I ⁇ ⁇ I.
- “ ⁇ ” indicates a liquid crystal material for comparison (1
- ⁇ denotes a liquid crystal material (1) that is useful in the present embodiment.
- the drive voltage V (V) is determined by the new parameter ⁇ described above.
- the pressure is within the voltage range that can be driven using conventional TFT elements and general-purpose drivers, and is within the numerical range where the prospects for practical use can be achieved as the cost of the driver increases.
- force is, for example, a liquid crystal material having a refractive index anisotropy ⁇ in the nematic phase state of 0.20 and a dielectric anisotropy ⁇ of -20. Can be realized. In general, it is said that it is very difficult to make only the refractive index anisotropy ⁇ very large or only the dielectric anisotropy ⁇ very large in a liquid crystal material.
- Such negative type liquid crystal materials are, for example, the following structural formulas (7) ⁇ (8)
- the refractive index anisotropy ⁇ of the compound represented by the structural formula (7) and the compound represented by the structural formula (8) is the same as that of the above condition ( ⁇ 0.20,
- the cell thickness (d) is fixed at 1.3 m and the specified cell thickness is less than 1.3 m. If it is thick, the drive voltage will always rise. For this reason, when the cell thickness is thicker than 1.3 m, ⁇
- the cell thickness (d) is less than 1.3 / z m, but the current manufacturing process has a lower limit of about 1 ⁇ m. Therefore, if it is estimated at 1.3 ⁇ m, there is no problem. However, it cannot be said that a display element having a cell thickness (d) of less than m can be manufactured in the future by progressing the manufacturing process. However, even if a cell thickness (d) of less than m can be realized, the cost is not increased by using general-purpose TFT elements and drivers!
- the parameter range that a material must satisfy is at least ⁇ ⁇ ⁇
- the refractive index anisotropy ( ⁇ ) and the dielectric anisotropy ( ⁇ ) are measured.
- the constant temperature T is determined by the above liquid crystal material, that is, a liquid crystalline medium exhibiting a nematic liquid crystal phase.
- the liquid crystal material is the product of the refractive index anisotropy ⁇ at 550 nm in the nematic phase state and the absolute value I ⁇ ⁇ I of the dielectric anisotropy at 1 kHz in the nematic phase state ( ⁇
- ) of the anisotropy absolute value I ⁇ ⁇ I is 1.9 or more.
- voltage values for general-purpose TFT elements, drive circuits, and ICs integrated circuits.
- the gradation display may be unstable!
- Such a variation value is estimated to be about 0.2V at maximum. Therefore, the larger the value of the above-mentioned norm ⁇
- V (V) which is desired to be larger than the above-mentioned variation value, is set to be larger than 0.2V, which is the maximum value for estimating the variation value.
- is less than 24 (ie, 1.9 ⁇ ⁇
- the preferred range is defined only by the refractive index anisotropy ⁇ and the dielectric anisotropy ⁇ of the liquid crystal material.
- the cell thickness (d) factor also contributes to the transmission characteristics. That is, as described above, the phase difference (retardation) is determined by AnXd, which corresponds to the transmittance.
- the display element 20 which is useful for the present embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 5 is arranged.
- Light processing direction for example, rubbing direction
- ECB Electro Mechanical Controlled Birefringence
- ⁇ 4 ⁇ (1 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4) centered on ⁇ ⁇ 2 275 ⁇ m), and a specific numerical value is preferably in the range of 137.5 (nm) ⁇ ⁇ 412.5 (nm). More preferably, it is within the range of 175 (nm) ⁇ AnXd ⁇ 375 (nm), and 350 when the alignment treatment directions are orthogonal to each other, that is, in the case of 90-degree twist alignment mode (so-called TN mode).
- Use efficiency of light in the range of (nm) ⁇ AnXd ⁇ 650 (nm) According to the present embodiment, the light utilization efficiency can be improved by satisfying the above conditions, where ⁇ is the wavelength of incident light (visible light). (nm), that is, the observation wavelength (nm), and d indicates the cell thickness (m), that is, the thickness of the dielectric material layer 3.
- the alignment treatment directions of the electrodes 4.5 and 5 on the opposite surfaces of the substrates 13 and 14 are mainly used.
- Repulsive force As described above, for example, an alignment process such as a rubbing process or a light irradiation process (preferably a polarized light irradiation process) is performed horizontally on the substrate surfaces of the substrates 1 and 2 so as to be anti-parallel.
- the case where the counter films 8 and 9 (horizontal alignment films) are provided has been described as an example.
- the present invention is not limited to the above configuration.
- the alignment auxiliary material L for promoting the expression of optical anisotropy due to the application of an electric field that is, the orientation change of the medium 11 when the electric field is applied
- the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules 12 in the vicinity of the interface with the horizontal alignment film in the dielectric material layer 3 Can be defined in the direction. Therefore, according to the above configuration, the liquid crystal molecules 12 constituting the liquid crystalline medium are moved in the in-plane direction of the substrate while the liquid crystalline phase described above is expressed in the liquid crystalline medium, that is, the nematic liquid crystalline phase. Can be oriented.
- the alignment aid L can be formed so that the proportion of the portion along the in-plane direction of the substrate is increased.
- the alignment assisting material L can promote the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules 12 so that the liquid crystal molecules 12 constituting the liquid crystalline medium are aligned in the in-plane direction of the substrate when an electric field is applied. Accordingly, the development of optical anisotropy during application of an electric field can be promoted reliably and efficiently.
- the horizontal alignment film is suitable for the purpose of the present invention to align the liquid crystal molecules 12 in the in-plane direction of the substrate when an electric field is applied, using a liquid crystalline medium having a negative ⁇ (dielectric anisotropy).
- the liquid crystal molecules 12 can be efficiently aligned in the substrate plane when an electric field is applied, and optical anisotropy can be more effectively expressed.
- the alignment assisting material L is obtained by subjecting the horizontal alignment film to an alignment treatment such as a rubbing treatment or a light irradiation treatment
- the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules 12 is aligned in one direction when an electric field is applied. Therefore, the optical anisotropy can be expressed more effectively when an electric field is applied. If optical anisotropy can be effectively exhibited, a display element that can be driven with a lower voltage can be realized.
- the horizontal alignment film is provided on each of the pair of substrates 13 and 14, and the rubbing direction or the light irradiation direction in the rubbing process or the light irradiation process is parallel or antiparallel to each other.
- the light utilization efficiency when applying an electric field is increased, so that the transmittance is improved and low voltage driving is possible.
- the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules 12 in the vicinity of the interface between the dielectric material layer 3 and the horizontal alignment film can be reliably defined in a desired direction.
- the rubbing process or the light irradiation process is performed such that the rubbing direction or the light irradiation direction is different from each other, for example, the rubbing direction or the light irradiation direction is orthogonal to each other.
- the horizontal alignment film is arranged Therefore, when the electric field is applied, the liquid crystal molecules 12 constituting the liquid crystalline medium can be aligned so as to form a twisted structure. That is, a twisted structure in which the major axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules 12 is oriented in a direction parallel to the substrate surface and sequentially twisted in the direction parallel to the substrate surface from one substrate side to the other substrate side. Thus, the liquid crystal molecules 12 can be aligned. Thereby, the colored phenomenon due to the wavelength dispersion of the liquid crystalline medium can be alleviated.
- the alignment auxiliary material L for promoting the development of optical anisotropy by the application of an electric field does not necessarily need to be formed on the surface of the opposing surface of the substrates 13 and 14 as described above. It is only necessary to be provided between the pair of substrates 13 and 14, more specifically, between the pair of substrates 1 and 2.
- a display element that displays using a dielectric material that has developed exhibits high-speed response characteristics and a wide viewing angle characteristic, but conventionally has a problem of a very high driving voltage.
- the alignment assisting material L is provided between the pair of substrates 1 and 2 as described above, so that the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules 12 in the dielectric substance can be increased by applying an electric field. The change in state can be promoted, and the optical anisotropy can be expressed more efficiently when an electric field is applied. Accordingly, as described above, since the alignment auxiliary material L is provided between the pair of substrates 1 and 2, it becomes possible to develop optical anisotropy at a low voltage. It is possible to realize a display element that can be operated with a driving voltage of 2 and has high-speed response characteristics and wide viewing angle characteristics.
- the alignment aid L may be formed in the dielectric material layer 3.
- the alignment aid L preferably has structural anisotropy.
- the alignment aid L is preferably formed in a state where the liquid crystalline medium in the dielectric material layer 3 exhibits a liquid crystal phase.
- the alignment auxiliary material L may be made of a polymer or a polymer compound, or may be made of a polymer compound.
- the alignment aid L is at least one kind of polymer compound selected from the group consisting of a chain polymer compound, a network polymer compound, and a cyclic polymer compound. Even if it exists, it may be a hydrogen bond strength or a porous material strength.
- Each of the above configurations is suitable as an alignment aid L for promoting the development of optical anisotropy due to the application of the electric field.
- the alignment auxiliary material L is preferably a material (material) that divides the liquid crystalline medium in the dielectric material layer 3 into small regions.
- the size of the small region is preferably less than or equal to the visible light wavelength.
- the liquid crystalline medium is confined in a small region, preferably a micro small region below the visible light wavelength, so that the liquid crystalline medium is in the isotropic temperature region and an electric field is applied.
- the electro-optic effect (for example, the Kerr effect) can be exhibited in a wide temperature range. If the size of the small region is less than or equal to the visible light wavelength, light scattering due to mismatch in refractive index between the liquid crystal medium and the alignment assisting material layer, that is, the material that divides the liquid crystalline medium into small regions is prevented. Therefore, the display element 20 with high contrast can be obtained.
- the dielectric material layer 3 of the display element 20 according to the present embodiment has the above-described orientation in addition to the medium 11, specifically, the negative liquid crystalline mixture (liquid crystalline medium).
- Auxiliary material L may be included.
- the alignment auxiliary material L may be provided together with the horizontal alignment film, which may be provided instead of the horizontal alignment film as the alignment auxiliary material L. Note that, in the following description, the case where the alignment auxiliary material L described above is formed in the dielectric material layer 3 in the display element 20 shown in FIG. 2 will be described as an example. Is not limited to this.
- the alignment aid L formed in the dielectric material layer 3 is prepared by, for example, adding a suitable amount of a photopolymerizable monomer (polymerizable compound) and a photopolymerization initiator to the negative liquid crystal mixture in advance. Then, after the liquid crystalline mixture is in a nematic phase state, it is irradiated with ultraviolet rays (UV) to polymerize the photopolymerizable monomer, and as shown in FIG. Can be obtained by forming a polymer chain 15 on the surface.
- UV ultraviolet rays
- the polymer chain 15 is aligned at the interface between the alignment films 8 and 9, as shown in FIG. place
- the liquid crystal molecules 12 are fixed in a state where the liquid crystal molecules 12 are aligned in the direction of the direction ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ to the inside of the display element 20 (inside the cell).
- the polymer chain 15 forms a three-dimensional wall so as to surround the uniaxially aligned liquid crystal molecules 12 with a certain size.
- the size of the enclosed region is determined by the amount of photopolymerizable monomer (polymerizable compound) added, the irradiation energy of UV light, and the like.
- the above capsule small region
- the size is preferably less than the visible light wavelength.
- the dielectric material layer 3 in which the polymer chain 15 is formed (immobilized) in the nematic phase is used as a nematic material, which is a driving temperature region of the display element 20 that works in the present embodiment.
- the liquid crystalline medium inside undergoes a phase transition to the optically isotropic phase.
- the effect of the polymer compound wall is the same as that of the liquid crystal molecule 12. Since it can act effectively even in the state of the phase, the usable temperature range can be expanded. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, a display element that can be driven in a wider temperature range can be realized.
- the polymer chain 15 is a polymer compound obtained by polymerizing (curing) a polymerizable compound such as a photopolymerizable monomer.
- the polymer chain 15 has the following structural formula (9).
- R 3 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- Q and n each independently represent an integer of 0 or 1.
- the integers (repeating units) represented by q and n above are 0, it indicates that they are simply single bonds.
- MM 2 and M 3 each independently have a 6-membered ring structure such as 1, 4 phenylene group or trans-1, 4 cyclohexylene group. Indicates a substituent.
- the upper M 2 and M 3 are not limited to the substituents exemplified above, but the following structures
- n represents an integer of 1 to 4.
- Y 1 and Y 2 are each independently a CH 2 CH group
- Y 1 and Y 2 may be the same as or different from each other as long as they have any of the structures described above! /.
- Y 3 represents an O group, an OCO group, or a COO group.
- R 4 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group or an alkoxyl group.
- the compound represented by the structural formula (9) (liquid crystal (meth) acrylate, polymerizable compound) exhibits a liquid crystal phase at a temperature in the vicinity of the room temperature, so that a high molecular weight obtained by polymerizing the compound can be obtained. It is suitable as a material for the alignment auxiliary material L to be enclosed in the dielectric material layer 3 having a high ability to impart alignment regulating force to the child chain 15 (that is, the alignment auxiliary material L).
- a method for initiating the polymerization of these photopolymerizable monomers can be adopted, but in order to perform the polymerization rapidly. It is preferable that a polymerization initiator is previously added to the dielectric material layer 3 prior to the start of polymerization.
- the polymerization initiator is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known polymerization initiator can be used, and specific examples include methyl ketone ketone.
- the electrodes 4 and 5 and the alignment films 8 and 9 are laminated on the surfaces of the substrates 1 and 2, respectively.
- Substrate 13 and 14 are formed, and these substrates 13 and 14 are bonded with a sealing material (not shown) as necessary, for example, via a spacer such as a plastic bead or glass fiber spacer (not shown).
- This step is as described above, and the same method as the manufacturing method described above can be used even when the alignment auxiliary material L made of the polymer chain 15 is formed in the dielectric material layer 3. .
- the substrates 13 and 14 have a distance (the thickness of the dielectric material layer 3) between them via a spacer (not shown) such as a plastic bead. 1.
- the substrate 13 is sealed with a sealing material (not shown) except for a portion that becomes an inlet (not shown) for a medium 11 (dielectric liquid) to be injected later.
- the circumference of 14 shall be sealed and fixed. Also in this production example, after the substrates 13 and 14 are bonded together and the medium 11 is injected into the gap, the injection port is sealed to complete the cell, and the polarizing plate 6. Affix 7
- the medium 11 that is, the negative liquid crystal mixture (liquid crystal material (1), liquid crystal medium), the material of the alignment auxiliary material L (alignment).
- the addition amount of the photopolymerizable monomer (polymerizable compound) to the medium 11 (liquid crystalline medium) is preferably in the range of 0.05 to 15% by weight.
- the amount of the photopolymerizable monomer (polymerizable compound) added to the medium 11 is less than 0.05% by weight, the medium of the polymer chain 15 formed by polymerizing (curing) the photopolymerizable monomer.
- the amount of the photopolymerizable monomer (polymerizable compound) added to the above medium 11 may deteriorate because the function as an alignment aid L with a small ratio to 11 may be reduced and sufficient alignment control power may not be exhibited. This is because if the amount exceeds 15% by weight, the ratio of the electric field applied to the alignment aid L composed of the polymer chain 15 increases, and the drive voltage tends to increase.
- the uniaxially aligned liquid crystal molecules 12 are three-dimensionally smaller than the visible light wavelength. It can be enclosed by the polymer chain 15 which also has wall force, and as described above, it is caused by light scattering caused by the mismatch between the refractive index of the obtained polymer chain 15 (polymer compound) and the refractive index of the liquid crystal molecule 12. A reduction in contrast can be prevented.
- the amount of the polymerization initiator added to the polymerizable compound is not particularly limited as long as it is appropriately set according to the type and amount of the polymerizable compound used. In order to prevent the specific resistance of the display element 20 from being lowered, it is preferable to suppress the content to be within the range of 10% by weight or less. If the amount of the polymerization initiator added to the polymerizable compound exceeds 10% by weight, the polymerization initiator may act as an impurity, and the specific resistance of the display element 20 may be reduced.
- the polymerization conditions (reaction conditions) of the polymerizable compound are not particularly limited, but as described above, the alignment aid L is composed of the medium 11 (liquid crystalline medium). ) Is preferably formed in a state exhibiting a liquid crystal phase.
- the alignment auxiliary material L is formed in such a state that the liquid crystalline medium in the dielectric material layer 3 exhibits a liquid crystal phase, that is, a nematic liquid crystal phase in the present embodiment.
- the obtained alignment aid L (polymer chain 15) has an orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules 12 constituting the liquid crystalline medium in a state where the liquid crystalline medium exhibits a liquid crystal phase (nematic liquid crystal phase).
- the liquid crystal molecules 12 in the medium 11 are formed on the alignment films 8 and 9. Under the influence of the applied alignment treatment, as shown in Fig. 2, it is aligned along the alignment treatment direction ⁇ ⁇ 2. Therefore, by polymerizing the photopolymerizable monomer in this state, as shown in FIG. 9, in the polymer chain 15 obtained by the polymerization, the proportion of the portion along the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules 12 increases. . That is, the polymer chain 15 has a structural anisotropy so that the ratio increases in the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules 12 due to the alignment treatment. Yes.
- the alignment auxiliary material L since the alignment auxiliary material L has structural anisotropy in this way, the change in the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules 12 in the dielectric material layer 3 is changed to the alignment direction. It can be promoted by intermolecular interaction with the auxiliary material L.
- the liquid crystal molecules 12 start to be aligned not only in the vicinity of the interface between the alignment films 8 and 9 but also in all regions including the nodal region.
- the alignment order of the liquid crystal molecules 12 in all regions in the dielectric material layer 3 increases, and a large optical response can be obtained.
- the polymer chains 15 formed in the desired alignment direction in advance in all regions of the cell. Because it exists in the area. That is, in the display element 20 in this production example, in addition to the alignment treatment performed on the alignment films 8 and 9, the polymer chain 15 formed so that the proportion of the portion oriented along this alignment treatment direction is increased. In addition, it plays a role of promoting the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules 12 in the alignment treatment direction.
- permeability can be obtained at a much lower voltage.
- the alignment auxiliary material L causes the liquid crystal molecules 12 constituting the liquid crystalline medium to move in the same direction as the alignment direction in the liquid crystal phase state.
- the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules 12 can be promoted so that the liquid crystal molecules are aligned. Therefore, the development of optical anisotropy when an electric field is applied can be surely promoted.
- reaction conditions such as the reaction pressure and the reaction time in the polymerization reaction of the polymerizable compound are not particularly limited. What is necessary is just to set suitably according to a kind, usage-amount, reaction temperature, etc.
- the negative liquid crystal mixture (liquid crystal material (1)) used in this production example exhibits a nematic liquid crystal phase at less than 62 ° C (T), and exhibits an isotropic phase at a temperature higher than that. Show. Therefore, ni
- the substrate 13 ⁇ 14 is kept in a state where the temperature of the substrate 13 ⁇ 14 is maintained at a temperature lower than T (specifically, 40 ° C) by an external heating device (not shown). 14 to ni
- the cell (display element 20) into which the medium 11 and the alignment aid material were injected was irradiated with ultraviolet rays.
- the photopolymerizable monomer injected between the substrates 13 and 14 is polymerized (cured) in a state where the medium 11 constituting the dielectric material layer 3 shows a liquid crystal phase (nematic liquid crystal phase).
- the polymer chain 15 (alignment auxiliary material L).
- the display element 20 thus obtained (see Fig. 9) is subjected to a nematic-isotropic (isotropic phase) phase transition by an external heating device in the same manner as the display element 20 shown in Fig. 2.
- the transmittance changes. That is, the medium 11 enclosed in the dielectric material layer 3 is brought into an isotropic phase state by maintaining the temperature at a temperature slightly higher than the nematic anisotropy (isotropic phase) phase transition temperature ( ⁇ ) of the medium 11.
- the transmittance of the dielectric material layer 3 could be changed by applying a voltage between the electrodes 4 and 5.
- the medium 11 enclosed in the dielectric material layer 3 may be a single compound exhibiting liquid crystallinity, or may exhibit liquid crystallinity by mixing a plurality of substances. Or, other non-liquid crystalline substances may be mixed in these.
- the proportion of the liquid crystalline mixture exhibiting liquid crystal properties when combined is preferably 20% by weight or more, more preferably 50% by weight or more.
- the photopolymerizable monomer is not limited to the above-exemplified compounds.
- other polymerizable monomers having a liquid crystal skeleton and a polymerizable functional group in the same molecule For example, other liquid crystal (meth) acrylates may be used.
- the liquid crystalline (meth) arylate includes, for example, a liquid crystal skeleton and a polymerizable functional group as shown in the structural formula (9).
- a monofunctional liquid crystalline (meth) acrylate with no linking group (spacer) having flexibility such as an alkylene group or moxyalkylene group such as a methylene group (methylene spacer).
- An ester with (meth) acrylic acid that is, a monofunctional (meth) acrylate having the liquid crystal skeleton at the ester position is preferred.
- Such a monofunctional (meth) acrylate has no flexible linking group such as an alkylene group or an oxyalkylene group between the (meth) ataryloxy group and the liquid crystal skeleton.
- the polymer (polymer compound) obtained by polymerizing this type of monofunctional (meth) acrylate has a structure in which a rigid liquid crystal skeleton is directly bonded to the main chain without a linking group. And the thermal motion of the liquid crystal skeleton is limited by the main chain of the polymer compound, so that the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules 12 affected by the main chain can be made more stable.
- epoxy acrylates may be used as the (photopolymerizable monomer).
- the epoxy acrylate include bisphenol A type epoxy acrylate, brominated bisphenol A type epoxy acrylate, phenol novolac type epoxy acrylate, and the like.
- Epoxy acrylates have, in one molecule, both an acrylic group that is polymerized by light irradiation, and a carbo- yl group and a hydroxyl group that are polymerized by heating. For this reason, the light irradiation method and the heating method can be used together as the curing method.
- the alignment aid L that is, a polymerization method of the polymerizable monomer
- a photopolymerizable monomer that is polymerized by light irradiation is used to convert the photopolymerizable monomer to ultraviolet light (light).
- the polymerization method is not limited to the polymerization method, and a polymerization method suitable for the characteristics of the polymerizable compound to be used may be selected as appropriate.
- the polymerizable compound (polymerizable monomer) added to the medium 11 to form the alignment aid L in the present embodiment is not limited to the photopolymerizable monomer that is polymerized by light irradiation. Further, it may be a polymerizable monomer that is polymerized by a method other than light irradiation.
- polymerizable monomers added to the medium 11 encapsulated in the dielectric material layer 3 include an acrylate monomer (for example, ethyl hexyl acrylate (EHA), trimethyl to Aldrich).
- EHA ethyl hexyl acrylate
- TMHA xyl acrylate
- diatalylate monomer for example, “RM257” (trade name) manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc.
- the addition amount of the polymerizable compound with respect to the medium 11 is from 0.05% by weight to 15% by weight.
- the addition amount of the polymerization initiator with respect to the polymerizable compound which is preferably in the range of% by weight, is preferably 10% by weight or less.
- a polymerization initiator is not necessarily essential for polymerizing the polymerizable compound.
- a polymerization initiator in order to polymerize the polymerizable compound by, for example, light or heat to increase the molecular weight, it is preferable to add a polymerization initiator as described above. Polymerization can be carried out rapidly by adding a polymerization initiator.
- methyl ethyl ketone peroxide was used as the polymerization initiator, but the polymerization initiator is not limited to the above-exemplified compounds.
- benzoyl peroxide cumene ha Examples thereof include idroid peroxide, tert -butyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, and the like.
- polymerization initiators such as benzoyl alkyl ether, acetophenone, benzophenone, xanthone, benzoin ether, and benzil ketal can be used.
- the alignment assisting material L can be any material that can assist (promote) the alignment of molecules (liquid crystal molecules 12) by applying an electric field! ,.
- the alignment aid L may be a network polymer compound (network polymer material), a cyclic polymer compound (cyclic polymer material), or the like, as described above.
- the network polymer compound can be obtained by, for example, a force for adding a crosslinking agent during or after the polymerization of the polymerizable compound, or a crosslinking reaction such as using a self-crosslinking type polymerizable compound. It can be easily obtained by introducing a three-dimensional network structure into the resulting polymer compound.
- the cyclic polymer compound can also be easily obtained by cyclopolymerization by appropriately selecting the polymerizable compound and additives to be used.
- the polymerization conditions in these polymerization reactions are not particularly limited as long as they are appropriately set so that these polymerization reactions are completed.
- the polymer compound only needs to be capable of assisting (promoting) the alignment of molecules (liquid crystal molecules 12) by applying an electric field as described above.
- the type is not particularly limited, but in order to assist (promote) the alignment of the molecule (liquid crystal molecule 12), a polymer compound having a degree of polymerization (X) of 8 or more and 5000 or less is preferable. More preferred is a polymer compound having a degree of polymerization (X) of 10 or more and 1000 or less.
- the degree of polymerization (X) indicates a value obtained by dividing the molecular weight of a polymer compound by the monomer (constituent unit), that is, the molar mass of the polymerizable compound used. If the degree of polymerization (X) is small, The resulting alignment aid L exhibits the properties of the monomer (polymerizable compound) rather than the properties of the polymer compound (polymer). For this reason, the obtained alignment aid L has a weak structure (polymer compound structure), and it is difficult to obtain an effect of assisting (promoting) the orientation of the dielectric material layer 3.
- the polymerization degree (X) of the polymer compound is preferably within the above range.
- the ratio of the polymer compound to the total weight with the compound is preferably in the range of 0.05 to 15% by weight. This is because when the concentration of the polymer compound in the medium 11, that is, the concentration of the cured portion in the dielectric material layer 3 (ratio of the alignment auxiliary material L) is less than 0.05% by weight, the alignment auxiliary material This is because the function as L decreases (alignment regulation force is weak), and if it exceeds 15% by weight, the driving voltage increases as the proportion of the electric field applied to the alignment auxiliary material L increases. .
- the alignment aid L does not necessarily need to be formed from a polymerizable compound! / ⁇ .
- a porous material may be used as the alignment aid L.
- a sol-gel material such as barium titanate is enclosed in the dielectric material layer 3, and a medium 11 (dielectric material (dielectric material) It may be added in advance to the liquid)).
- the alignment auxiliary material L when a porous material is used as the alignment auxiliary material L, only the interface of the substrates 13 and 14 (for example, the alignment films 8 and 9) sandwiching the dielectric material layer 3 is subjected to alignment treatment.
- the porous material layer when the porous material layer is formed, the porous material layer (alignment auxiliary material L) can be anisotropically grown in a self-organizing manner according to the anisotropy of the substrate 13/14 interface. It becomes. Therefore, when the porous material is used, the alignment auxiliary material L is not necessarily the liquid crystal. It is possible to realize a simplified manufacturing process that does not need to be formed in a state in which the conductive medium exhibits a liquid crystal phase.
- a membrane filter or the like is used as the alignment auxiliary material L made of the microporous film 16 having the microporous film 16a having the shape elongated (stretched) in one direction in the substrate in-plane direction.
- An example (one production example) of a method for manufacturing the display element 20 on which the alignment auxiliary material L is formed, in which a film obtained by stretching a commercially available film having micropores, is used as the micropore film 16 will be described.
- the electrodes 4 and 5 are laminated on the surfaces of the substrates 1 and 2, respectively.
- the steps until 14 is formed are as described above.
- the microporous film 16 is formed as the alignment aid L, the alignment film at the interface between the substrates 13 and 14 may be omitted.
- FIGS. 10 (a) and 10 (b) no alignment film is formed on the interface between the substrates 13 and 14.
- the injection port is sealed to complete the cell, and the polarizing plate 6.
- the microporous film 16 is formed as the alignment aid L, the micropores 16a (communication holes) extending in one direction in the in-plane direction of the substrate 13 ⁇ 14 are formed on the substrates 13 and 14. Except for a portion that becomes an injection port (not shown) of a medium 11 (dielectric liquid) to be injected later, these substrates 13 and 14 are sandwiched between the formed microporous film 16, The periphery of the substrates 13 and 14 is sealed and fixed with a sealing material (not shown). After that, between the substrates 13 and 14, The aforementioned medium 11 is injected. As a result, the dielectric material layer 3 in which the medium 11 is sealed in the micropores 16a provided in the micropore film 16 can be formed.
- the extending direction of the microporous film 16 is indicated by an arrow D.
- the micropores 16a extended in one direction in the in-plane direction of the substrate as indicated by the arrow D are 1 in the in-plane direction of the substrate.
- the ellipsoid shape extends in direction D.
- the liquid crystal molecules 12 injected into the medium 11 in this state are completely random in the orientation direction in the isotropic phase as shown in Fig. 10 (a), and are optically isotropic. It is.
- V voltage
- Vth a certain threshold value
- the absorption axes 6a '7a of the polarizing plates 6 and 7 preferably form an angle of 45 degrees with the stretching direction D of the microporous film 16 from the viewpoint of light utilization efficiency.
- micropore film 16 for example, as described above, a film formed by stretching a commercially available film having micropores, such as a membrane filter, can be used.
- a membrane filter for example, “New Talepore I” (trade name, manufactured by Nomura Micro 'Science) “Isopore” (trade name, manufactured by Nihon Millipore), “Hipore” (trade name, Asahi Kasei) "Millip OTe " (trade name, manufactured by Nihon Millipore), "Yupor” (trade name, manufactured by Ube Industries), and the like.
- the membrane filter includes, for example, polycarbonate, polyolefin, cellulose mixed ester, cellulose acetate, polyvinylidene fluoride, acetyl cellulose, a mixture of cellulose acetate and cellulose nitrate, and the like.
- U which does not react with dielectric materials such as liquid crystalline media enclosed in film 16 and also has material strength, is preferred.
- the size (namely, the major axis) of the micropore 16a in the micropore film 16 in the stretching direction (ellipse major axis direction) is determined by enclosing the medium 11 in the micropore film 16 (micropore 16a).
- the medium 11 Since the liquid crystal molecules 12) can be fixed, the wavelength of visible light is 1Z4 or less, specifically, 140 nm or less, more preferably lOOnm or less. As a result, the dielectric material layer 3 can exhibit a sufficiently transparent state.
- the thickness of the microporous film 16 is preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the microporous film 16 may have a twisted structure such as a spiral crystal.
- Examples of such a microporous film 16 include a polyolefin-based film and a polypeptide-based film.
- the polypeptide film having a twisted structure is preferably a synthetic polypeptide having a helical structure, that is, an ex-helix forming ability.
- a Synthetic polypeptides capable of forming a single helix include, for example, polyglutamic acid derivatives such as poly ⁇ -benzylou L glutamate, poly ⁇ -methyl-L glutamate, poly ⁇ -ethyl-L-glutamate; Examples include polyaspartic acid derivatives such as monobenzil L-aspartate; poly-one L leucine; poly-one L alanine;
- examples of the synthetic polypeptide having ⁇ -helix forming ability sold by Ajinomoto Co., Ltd. include “Ajicoat ⁇ -2000” (trade name, manufactured by Ajinomoto Co., Inc.), “XB-900” (trade name, Poly ⁇ -methyl-L glutamate such as “Ajinomoto Co., Inc.”, rpLG-10, 20, 20, 30 ”(trade name, manufactured by Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd.).
- the alignment auxiliary material L when the medium 11 (dielectric substance) exhibits chirality, the twisted structure of the medium 11 and the above When the twisted structure of the microporous film 16 is close, large distortion does not occur, and the stability of the medium 11 is enhanced. Further, by using the microporous film 16 having a twisted structure as described above as the alignment auxiliary material L, even if the medium 11 does not exhibit chirality, it follows the twisted structure of the microporous film 16. Since the medium 11 is oriented, As a result, when the medium 11 exhibits chirality, it exhibits near properties.
- porous materials used as the alignment aid material L include porous inorganic layers having fine particle force, for example, porous particles composed of polystyrene fine particles and SiO fine particles.
- An inorganic layer may be used.
- the display element 20 produced in this production example is an alignment film 8 ⁇ 9 as the alignment auxiliary material L in the display element 20 provided with the microporous film 16.
- the orientation assisting material L made of the porous inorganic layer is formed instead of the microporous film 16.
- alignment aid L a porous non-porous material comprising the above-mentioned polystyrene fine particles and SiO fine particles.
- a transparent electrode is attached to an aqueous solution in which polystyrene fine particles having a weight average particle diameter of lOOnm and SiO fine particles having a weight average particle diameter of 5 nm are mixed and dispersed.
- the substrates 1 and 2 (glass substrate) on which the electrodes 4 and 5 are formed are immersed, and the self-assembly of the mixed fine particles of the polystyrene fine particles and the SiO fine particles is performed by a pulling method.
- a mixed fine particle layer with a thickness of several meters is created using an elephant. After that, by firing at high temperature to vaporize polystyrene, the inverted opal structure having micropores with a pore size of lOOnm is substituted for the alignment auxiliary material L consisting of the alignment films 8 and 9 shown in FIG. 2 or FIG.
- the porous inorganic layer is used as the alignment auxiliary material L, and the substrate (electrode substrate) formed on the surface of the substrate 1 or 2 on which the electrodes 4 and 5 are formed is obtained as the substrate 13 or 14 with the alignment auxiliary material. be able to.
- the periphery of the substrates 13 and 14 is sealed and fixed by a seal material (not shown) except for a portion that becomes an injection port (not shown) of the medium 11 (dielectric liquid) to be injected later.
- a cell in which a dielectric material layer 3 is formed by injecting the medium 11 between the substrates 13 and 14 so that the medium 11 is sealed in micropores provided in the porous inorganic layer. (Display element 20) can be obtained.
- a hydrogen bond network 18 (hydrogen bond) or the like can be used as the alignment aid L formed in the dielectric material layer 3, as shown in FIG. 15, a hydrogen bond network 18 (hydrogen bond) or the like can be used.
- the hydrogen bond network is not a chemical bond but a hydrogen bond, that is, for example, oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine, etc. This means a bond formed by a bond formed by the interposition of a hydrogen atom between two atoms with high electronegativity.
- the compound (Lys 18) represented by the above can be obtained by adding and mixing with the medium 11 at a ratio of 0.15 mol%.
- the present embodiment it is realized by mixing the compound (Lysl8) represented by the structural formula (10) with a ratio of 0.15 mol% with respect to the medium 11.
- the hydrogen bonding network 18 having a gel state described in (p.314, Fig.l) can be used as the alignment aid L.
- the same effects as when the alignment aid L (high molecular chain 15) obtained by polymerizing the polymerizable compound can be obtained. .
- a compound that forms a hydrogen bond network in the medium 11, for example, a compound (Lysl8) represented by the structural formula (10) above is added to and mixed with the medium 11, so that the hydrogen bond network 18 (hydrogen
- the liquid crystal molecules 12 are arranged in a manner along the alignment processing direction ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ of the alignment film 8 ⁇ 9 to the inside of the display element 20 (inside the cell). It will be fixed in the state of facing.
- the hydrogen bond network is uniaxially oriented to form a gel-like network that surrounds and encloses the liquid crystal molecules 12 with a certain size. Promotes the expression of
- the dielectric material layer 3 is replaced with the alignment auxiliary material L, or as shown in FIGS. 16 (a) and 16 (b).
- L for example, alignment films 8 and 9
- fine particles 19 may be included.
- FIGS. 16 (a) and 16 (b) are schematic cross-sectional views showing still another schematic configuration of the display element 20 that works according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 16 (a) shows the display element.
- FIG. 16 (b) is a view of the display element shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view schematically showing the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules 12 when an electric field (voltage) is applied (V> Vth (threshold)).
- the liquid crystal molecules 12 are filled with an aggregate that is radially aligned with a size less than the visible light wavelength, and is optically isotropic. It is also possible to realize a system that can be seen in the form of, for example, “Yukihide Shiraishi, 4 others,” “Palladium nanoparticles protected with liquid crystal molecules—preparation and application to guest-host mode liquid crystal display devices” "Liquid Polymer Polymers, December 2002, Vol.59, No.12, p.753—75 9” (hereinafter referred to as "Non-Patent Document 2”) (Solvent ( It is also possible to apply a mixed system in which fine particles are mixed in a liquid crystal) (hereinafter simply referred to as a liquid crystal fine particle dispersion system).
- Non-Patent Document 2 As an example of such a liquid crystal fine particle dispersion system, for example, 4-cyanose 4 ′ pentyl biphenyl (“5CB” (abbreviation)) is adsorbed on palladium particles, and “5CB” force is also obtained. Dispersions of palladium nanoparticles protected with liquid crystal molecules are disclosed. When an electric field is applied to such a liquid crystal fine particle dispersion system, the radially oriented aggregate is distorted and optical modulation can be induced.
- 5CB pentyl biphenyl
- the dielectric material such as the liquid crystal molecules 12 is affected by the influence of the interface of the fine particles 19 (on the dielectric material layer 3. Oriented in response to the orientation regulating force of the interface of fine particles 19).
- the medium 11 dielectric substance in the vicinity of the interface of the fine particles 19 is strongly influenced by the interface of the fine particles 19, and the surrounding medium 11 is in a state where the entire system in which the fine particles 19 are dispersed is stable. (Free energy Oriented to be in a small state.
- the orientation state of the medium 11 is stabilized due to the dispersed state of the fine particles 19.
- the dielectric material layer 3 contains the fine particles 19, in other words, the fine particles 19 are added to the medium 11, thereby stabilizing the orientation state (orientation order) of the medium 11 when no electric field is applied. You can do it.
- the above-described alignment auxiliary material (alignment auxiliary material L) stabilizes the optical anisotropy of the medium 11 by promoting the change in the alignment of the medium 11 when an electric field is applied.
- the fine particles 19 regulate the orientation of molecules (liquid crystalline molecules 12) in the medium 11 when no electric field is applied, thereby controlling the orientation order of the medium 11 when no electric field is applied (that is, optically). It functions as an alignment aid (hereinafter referred to as “alignment aid N”) that stabilizes the isotropic state.
- the dielectric material layer 3 is formed by enclosing a dielectric material (dielectric material) such as a liquid crystal material and fine particles 19.
- a dielectric material such as a liquid crystal material
- fine particles 19 are composed of one or more kinds. It is desirable that the dielectric material layer 3 has a form in which the fine particles 19 are dispersed in the dielectric material layer 3 by dispersing the fine particles 19 in the dielectric material (dielectric material). .
- the fine particles are fine particles having an average particle diameter of 0.2 / zm or less.
- the fine particles 19 having an average particle diameter of 0.2 m or less the dispersibility of the fine particles 19 in the dielectric material layer 3 is stabilized, and a long time has passed.
- the fine particles 19 are not aggregated and the phases are not separated. Therefore, for example, the occurrence of unevenness as a display element can be sufficiently suppressed due to precipitation of the fine particles 19 and local unevenness of the fine particles 19.
- the fine particle 19 is not particularly limited as long as it is a fine particle having an average particle diameter of 0.2 ⁇ m or less as described above, but the fine particle 19 has an average particle diameter of 1 nm or more. Further, fine particles having an average particle diameter of 3 nm or more and 0.1 m or less are more preferred, and fine particles of 0.2 m or less are more preferred.
- the particle size of the fine particle 19 is less than 1 nm, the surface of the fine particle 19 becomes active. For this reason, when the average particle diameter of the fine particles 19 is less than 1 nm, the fine particles 19 easily aggregate.
- the particle size of the fine particles 19 is increased, The surface of the fine particles 19 becomes less active. For this reason, the fine particles 19 are less likely to aggregate as the average particle diameter increases. Further, by using the fine particles 19 having an average particle size of 0 or less, the dispersibility of the fine particles 19 is stabilized.
- the interparticle distance of each fine particle 19 is preferably 200 nm or less, more preferably 190 nm or less.
- the fine particles 19 require a space for the medium 11 to enter between the particles that regulate the orientation of the medium 11 (dielectric substance), the fine particles 19 are separated from each other.
- the interparticle distance is more than several nm (for example, more than the molecular length of the medium 11 to be used).
- the interparticle distance is preferably 3 nm or more.
- the wavelength ⁇ of the diffracted light by the fine particles 19 used as the alignment aid N is ⁇ 400 nm.
- the interparticle distance of the fine particles 19 Set d to 200nm or less! /.
- the International Commission on Illumination CIE Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage stipulates that wavelengths that cannot be recognized by the human eye are 380 nm or less. Therefore, in the case where it is more preferable to set ⁇ ⁇ 380 nm, the interparticle distance d of the fine particles 19 may be set to 190 nm or less.
- the fine particles 19 encapsulated in the dielectric material layer 3 are not particularly limited as long as the fine particles have an average particle diameter of 0.2 ⁇ m or less, and may be transparent. It may be opaque.
- the fine particles 19 may be organic fine particles such as fine particles made of a polymer compound, inorganic fine particles, metal fine particles, or the like. Yes.
- organic fine particles are used as the fine particles 19, it is preferable to use polymer-form beads as the organic fine particles.
- polymer-form beads such as polystyrene beads, polymethyl methacrylate beads, polyhydroxy acrylate beads, and divinylbenzene beads. These organic fine particles may be bridged or not crosslinked.
- inorganic fine particles are used as the fine particles 19, it is preferable to use fine particles such as glass beads and silica beads as the inorganic fine particles.
- the metal fine particles may be at least one metal selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, and rare earth metals. Fine particles consisting of are preferred. For example, it is preferable to use fine particles made of titer, alumina, palladium, silver, gold, copper, or an oxide of these metal elements as the metal fine particles. These metal-based fine particles may be composed of only one kind of metal, or may be formed by alloying or compounding two or more kinds of metals. For example, the metal-based fine particles may be fine particles in which silver particles are covered with titanium and Z or palladium.
- the metal fine particles are composed only of silver particles, the characteristics of the display element may change due to silver oxidation. However, by covering the surface of silver with a metal such as noradium, it is possible to prevent silver oxidation.
- the metal fine particles in the form of beads are those that have been heat-treated as they are used as the fine particles, or those obtained by adding an organic substance to the bead surface (ie, the surface of the metal fine particles in the form of beads). It may be used as 19.
- the organic substance imparted to the surface of the beads is preferably one showing liquid crystallinity. By applying an organic substance exhibiting liquid crystallinity to the bead surface, the medium 11 (electrically attracting substance) in the peripheral portion is easily aligned along the liquid crystalline molecules. That is, the orientation regulating force becomes strong.
- the ratio of the organic substance to be imparted to the surface of the metal-based fine particles is preferably in the range of 1 mol or more and 50 mol or less with respect to 1 mol of the metal.
- the metal-based fine particles to which the above-mentioned organic matter has been added are, for example, dissolved or dissolved in a solvent. Is dispersed and then mixed with the organic material and reduced to reduce the amount.
- a solvent water, alcohols, ethers and the like can be used.
- fine particles 19 dispersed in the dielectric material layer 3 fine particles formed of fullerene and Z or carbon nanotubes may be used.
- the fullerene is not particularly limited as long as carbon atoms are arranged in a spherical shell, and for example, those having a stable structure having 24 to 96 carbon atoms are preferable. Examples of such fullerenes include a C60 spherical closed-shell carbon molecule group composed of 60 carbon atoms.
- a multi-walled carbon nanotube for example, 2 to several tens of atomic layers
- a conical carbon nanocone (nanohorn) may be used.
- As the carbon nanotube a cylindrical nanotube having a 1 to 10 atomic layer graphite-like carbon atom surface rounded is preferably used.
- the shape of the fine particles 19 is not particularly limited, for example, a spherical shape, an ellipsoidal shape, a lump shape, a columnar shape, a conical shape, or a shape (form) in which a protrusion is further provided in these shapes, or These shapes may have shapes (forms) in which holes are provided. Further, the surface form of the fine particles 19 is not particularly limited. For example, the fine particles 19 may have irregularities, holes, and grooves that may be smooth.
- the concentration (content) of the fine particles 19 in the dielectric material layer 3 is the same as that between the fine particles 19 and the dielectric material (medium 11) enclosed in the dielectric material layer 3. It is preferable to be in the range of 0.05% to 20% by weight relative to the total weight. By adjusting the concentration of the fine particles 19 in the dielectric material layer 3 to be in the range of 0.05% by weight to 20% by weight, aggregation of the fine particles 19 can be suppressed. On the other hand, if the concentration (content) of the fine particles 19 in the dielectric material layer 3 is less than 0.05% by weight, the mixing ratio of the fine particles 19 to the dielectric material (medium 11) is small.
- the function and effect as the alignment aid N may not be sufficiently exhibited. If the concentration (content) of the fine particles 19 in the dielectric material layer 3 exceeds 20% by weight, the mixing ratio of the fine particles 19 with respect to the dielectric material (medium 11) is too large, and the fine particles are aggregated. As a result, the orientation regulating force is weakened, and light may be scattered. [0234]
- the display element 20 performs display mainly by promoting the expression of optical anisotropy at the time of applying an electric field using the alignment aid L is taken as an example.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the dielectric material layer 3 is a system in which a large amount of a chiral agent is added to a liquid crystalline medium exhibiting a nematic liquid crystal phase. It may be configured to display using a liquid crystalline medium exhibiting a cholesteric blue phase (blue phase (BP phase)) that may appear in the system!
- BP phase blue phase
- the nematic liquid crystal phase is the liquid crystal phase having the highest target property in the rod-shaped liquid crystal molecules 12 in which only the arrangement in the long axis direction is added to the random center of gravity, and the cholesteric blue phase is By introducing palmarity into the liquid crystal molecules 12 starting from the nematic liquid crystal phase, the liquid crystal molecule 12 has a helical structure, and a periodic structure along the helical axis is superimposed on the nematic phase as a higher order structure. Yes.
- the cholesteric blue phase has the same structure as the lower nematic phase microscopically (locally), and macroscopically, the helical axis forms a three-dimensional periodic structure.
- the cholesteric blue phase is a phase that is seen in a temperature region higher than the chiral nematic phase when the temperature is increased, and exhibits optical isotropy when no electric field is applied and optical anisotropy when an electric field is applied. Show.
- the cholesteric blue phase exhibits a three-dimensional periodic structure with a size of less than or equal to the visible light wavelength when no electric field is applied, and less than the complete isotropic phase (isotropic phase). .
- the cholesteric blue phase has a certain periodic structure as described above within a certain temperature range, and exists relatively stably with respect to a temperature rise. Therefore, when a display is performed using a liquid crystalline medium exhibiting the cholesteric blue phase, the cholesteric blue phase is Therefore, the process can be simplified because it is not necessary to promote the expression of optical anisotropy with the alignment aid L as described above.
- liquid crystalline medium exhibiting the cholesteric blue phase used in the present embodiment, specifically, for example, “JC-1014XX” (trade name, nematic liquid crystal mixed by Chisso Corporation) Body), 4-cyanose 4, one pentyl bifur (“5CB” (abbreviation), manufactured by Aldrich), and Chiraldo Ipanto (“ZLI-4572” (trade name) manufactured by Merck), 48.2 mol% each , 47.4 mol%, and 4.4 mol%.
- the above cholesteric blue phase appears in the temperature range of 1.1K between 331.8K and 330.7%.
- examples of other substances exhibiting a cholesteric blue phase is for example, JC1041XX (nematic liquid crystal mixture, Chisso Co., Ltd.) 50.0 weight 0/0, 5CB (4- cya no- 4, - pentyl biphenyl, nematic liquid crystal, Aldrich (Aldrich) Co., Ltd.) 38.5 wt%, ZLI- 4572 (chiral agent, Merck (Merck) composition of 11.5 weight 0/0 Corp.) Substances (samples) mixed (prepared) with. This substance (sample) transitioned from a liquid isotropic phase to an optical isotropic phase at about 53 ° C or lower. The helical pitch of this material was about 220 nm and no coloration was seen.
- the mixed sample to 87.1 weight 0/0, TMPTA 5.
- 4 weight (trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ⁇ Rudoritchi (Aldrich) Co.) 0/0, RM257 and 7.1 weight 0/0, DMPA (2,2- dimet hoxy- 2- pheny acetophenone) were mixed at a ratio of 0.4 weight 0/0, by irradiating ultraviolet rays while keeping the cholesteric blue phase in a cholesteric one correspondent Te ferric blue phase transition temperature near the light
- a sample in which a reactive monomer was polymerized was prepared. The temperature range in which this sample exhibits a cholesteric blue phase was broader than that of the mixed sample.
- the cholesteric blue phase suitable for the present invention has a defect order less than the optical wavelength, it is generally transparent in the optical wavelength region and generally optically isotropic.
- the cholesteric blue phase exhibits a color that reflects the helical pitch of the liquid crystal, but is optically isotropic except for the coloration due to this helical pitch. It means to show gender.
- the phenomenon of selectively reflecting light with a wavelength reflecting the helical pitch is called selective reflection.
- the cholesteric blue phase is a color corresponding to the wavelength. Indicates.
- the cholesteric blue phase is colored to reflect the helical pitch. That is, since visible light is reflected, the color exhibited by the cholesteric blue phase is recognized by the human eye. Therefore, for example, when a full color display is realized with the display element of the present invention and applied to a television or the like, it is preferable that the reflection peak is in the visible range.
- the selective reflection wavelength also depends on the angle of incidence on the helical axis of the liquid crystalline medium (medium 11). For this reason, when the structure of the liquid crystalline medium is not one-dimensional, that is, when it has a three-dimensional structure such as a cholesteric blue phase, the incident angle of light on the spiral axis has a distribution. End up. Therefore, the width of the selective reflection wavelength can also be distributed.
- the selective reflection wavelength region or the helical pitch of the cholesteric blue phase that is, the selective reflection wavelength region or the helical pitch of the liquid crystalline medium in the dielectric material layer 3 is not more than the visible light wavelength (visible light wavelength). Or less), that is, 400 nm or less. If the selective reflection wavelength region of the cholesteric blue phase or the helical pitch force is S400 nm or less, the above coloration is hardly recognized by human eyes.
- the International Commission on Illumination CIE stipulates that the wavelength that human eyes cannot recognize is 380 nm or less. Therefore, the selective reflection wavelength region or the helical pitch of the cholesteric blue phase is more preferably 380 nm or less. In this case, it is possible to reliably prevent the above coloration from being recognized by human eyes.
- the coloration as described above is also related to the average refractive index of the medium obtained only by the helical pitch and the incident angle.
- ⁇ is the average refractive index
- ⁇ is the helical pitch.
- ⁇ is the refractive index anisotropy in the nematic phase state.
- ⁇ varies depending on the material, but when a liquid crystalline material is used as the medium 11, for example, the average refractive index ⁇ of the liquid crystalline material is generally about 1.4 to 1.6, ⁇ ⁇ Is about 0.1 to 0.3.
- the spiral pitch P of the medium 11 is more preferably 200 nm or less.
- ⁇ ⁇ ⁇
- ⁇ is set to 400 nm (wavelength that the human eye can hardly recognize), but ⁇ is 380 nm (wavelength that the human eye cannot reliably recognize (International Lighting Commission) If the average refractive index n of the medium 11 is taken into consideration, the above-mentioned coloration is prevented when the CIE cannot be recognized by the human eye! /
- the spiral pitch P of the medium 11 is 200 nm or less. Therefore, by setting the spiral pitch of the medium 11 to 2 OOnm or less, the above coloration can be surely prevented.
- Examples of other substances exhibiting the cholesteric blue phase include "ZLI-2293” (trade name, mixed liquid crystal manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc.), the following structural formula (11)
- cholesteric blue phase cannot be expressed simply by mixing the above-mentioned "ZLI-2293" and “MLC-6248" Banana type (bending type) liquid crystal material (liquid crystalline medium)
- a cholesteric blue phase was exhibited by adding the compound represented by the structural formula (11), which is a) or the compound represented by the structural formula (12), which is a linear liquid crystal material (liquid crystalline medium).
- linear liquid crystal material used in the present embodiment, a racemic body or a chiral body may be used.
- the linear liquid crystal has an anti-tilt structure (in a different direction for each layer) like the compound represented by the structural formula (11) (specifically, “MHPOBC”). Preferred compounds.
- the bent portion (bonding portion) in the banana-type (bent-type) liquid crystal material is formed by a naphthalene ring or a methylene chain in addition to a benzene ring such as a phenol group. It may be formed. Further, the bent portion (bonding portion) may contain an azo group.
- the banana-type (bent type) liquid crystal has, for example, the following structure.
- a display element in which a high molecular compound is fixed (stabilized) in the dielectric material layer 3 as in the display element 20 that is useful in the present embodiment or a liquid crystal such as a porous material.
- an applied voltage drop may occur depending on the content of the polymer compound or porous material. That is, in the display element 20 having the above-described structure, the drive voltage of the display element 20 is increased by the amount that the applied voltage is consumed by the polymer compound or the porous material.
- the refractive index anisotropy ⁇ n and the dielectric constant difference of the liquid crystal material (negative liquid crystalline mixture) used for the dielectric material layer 3 are used.
- the directivity ⁇ ⁇ is set within the above-described range, preferably, for example, within the ranges of ⁇ ⁇ 0.20 and I ⁇ I ⁇ 20.
- the driving voltage has already been estimated to be 6.8 V, which can be driven using a conventional TFT element structure and a conventional general-purpose driver.
- the driving voltage increases by a little less than 3 times to 18 V due to the immobilization of the polymer compound or porous material
- the breakdown voltage of the gate electrode of the TFT element (gate Withstand voltage) of 51V can be handled, and the gate breakdown voltage limit value 63V in the case of 24V drive as the first target can be 12V lower. Accordingly, in this case as well, the gate electrode film thickness and film quality margin can be increased as compared with the prior art, and a more realistic device structure that is easier to manufacture can be realized.
- the above-described configuration realizes a display element that can be driven in a wide temperature range with some increase in cost in terms of element structure and driving circuit. Needless to say, it can be a big step toward practical application.
- the alignment films 8 and 9 are mainly subjected to alignment treatment (rubbing) in an anti-parallel manner, and the alignment treatment direction (rubbing direction) is mainly used.
- the angle between ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ and the upper and lower polarizing plates 6 and 7 is set to 45 ° has been described as an example, the present invention is not limited to this.
- the alignment films 8 and 9 are aligned in directions orthogonal to each other. Processing (for example, rubbing processing), and using the upper and lower substrates 13 and 14, the alignment processing direction of these substrates 13 and 14 (for example, the rubbing direction of the alignment films 8 and 9) and the absorption axis direction of the polarizing plates 6 and 7,
- a configuration similar to that of a conventional TN-LCD, which is arranged parallel or orthogonal to each other, may be used. In this case as well, it is possible to reduce the voltage to a voltage value within the drivable range due to the breakdown voltage of the TFT element, which opens the way to practical use.
- the arrangement shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 as described above is a so-called TN (Twisted Nematic) type, and the condition that maximizes the light use efficiency is the first minimum condition (1 st minimun condition), 350 (nm) ⁇ An x d ⁇ 650 (nm), more preferably 400 (nm) ⁇ An x d ⁇ 550 (nm).
- TN Transmission Nematic
- the display element 20 that is useful in the present embodiment is provided with polarizing plates 6 and 7, and the medium 11 constituting the dielectric material layer 3 is unidirectional.
- a configuration having a twisted structure having only a palm property may be adopted. Even in this case, the voltage of the conventional TFT element can be lowered to a voltage value within the driveable range, and the road to practical use is greatly opened.
- the twist pitch is within the visible light wavelength range or less than the visible light wavelength range in consideration of the light utilization efficiency. Preferably there is.
- the medium 11 liquid crystalline medium
- a chiral substance having an optical force S chirality may be used! .
- the medium 11 liquid crystalline medium
- the chiral substance having chirality may be any compound having an asymmetric carbon atom (chiral center) in the molecule.
- chiral substance examples include, but are not limited to, compounds such as, for example, 4- (2-methylbutyl) phenol, 2'-octylbiphenol-carboxylate, and the like. It is not a thing.
- the various banana type (bending type) liquid crystal itself does not have an asymmetric carbon atom. (That is The molecule itself has no chirality), but it may be a medium containing molecules that generate chirality due to the anisotropy of the molecular shape and the packing structure.
- a chiral agent-added liquid crystal material prepared by mixing a chiral agent (chiraldo monopant), which is a general liquid crystal application, with a liquid crystal material at an appropriate concentration.
- the display element 20 has a certain optical rotation even if there is no correlation between the orientations of the respective clusters 17 (each twisted structure), and thus can exhibit a large optical rotation as a whole. . For this reason, the voltage at which the maximum transmittance can be obtained is even lower than in the prior art.
- the chiral agent has a twisted structure with the adjacent liquid crystal molecules 12.
- the energy of interaction between molecules of the liquid crystalline medium (liquid crystalline substance) is reduced, and the liquid crystalline medium spontaneously takes a twisted structure, and the structure is stabilized. Therefore, the medium 11 (dielectric material) containing the chiral agent has a temperature near the nematic-isotropic phase transition temperature ⁇ .
- Examples of such a chiral agent include "ZLI-4572” (trade name, manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc.) and “MLC-6248” (trade name, manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc.) as well as “C15” (product Name, made by Merck), "C
- Nj (trade name, manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc.), “CB15” (trade name, manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc.) and the like can be mentioned, but are not limited to these exemplified chiral agents.
- the concentration of the chiral agent in the medium 11 is as described above.
- the concentration of the liquid crystal medium (liquid crystal substance) in the medium 11 is not particularly limited as long as it can stabilize the structure, depending on the type of chiral agent used, the configuration of the display element, the design, etc.
- the twist amount of the above-mentioned chiral agent-added liquid crystal material, that is, the twist pitch (chiral pitch) should be set within the visible light wavelength region or less than the visible light wavelength. However, it is preferable for achieving low voltage driving and high transmittance.
- the chiral pitch is less than the visible light wavelength region internal force or less than the visible light wavelength, the incident due to the unidirectional twist caused by the spontaneous twisting direction of the chiral agent caused by the electric field application in the medium 11. As a result, optical rotation occurs in the light and the light can be extracted efficiently. As a result, the maximum transmittance can be obtained at a low voltage, and the display element 20 having a low driving voltage and excellent light utilization efficiency can be realized.
- the content of the chiral agent in the chiral agent-added liquid crystal material that is, the total of the liquid crystalline medium (preferably the negative liquid crystalline mixture) and the chiral agent.
- the ratio of the above chiral agent in the amount (chiral addition concentration) is 8 wt.
- a chiral agent is preferably added in an amount of 8% by weight (chiral addition concentration) or more, in other words, the twist pitch (natural chiral pitch) of the medium is not more than the visible light wavelength, that is, By setting the wavelength within the visible light wavelength region or less than the visible light wavelength, the driving temperature region can be expanded. More preferably, by adding more than 30 wt% (chiral addition concentration) of the chiral agent in the above medium, in addition to expanding the driving temperature range, driving voltage is reduced and light utilization efficiency is improved. In addition, the degree of optical anisotropy can be effectively changed by applying an electric field.
- the twisting force of the chiral agent on the liquid crystal molecules 12 in the medium 11 works effectively, and the proximity distance between the liquid crystal molecules 12 and 12 Can have a short-range-order. Therefore, by controlling the addition ratio of the chiral agent to the liquid crystalline medium as described above, the chiral pitch is controlled to be in the visible light wavelength region or below the visible light wavelength as described above. Can do.
- the liquid 11 is optically isotropic when no electric field is applied, and the liquid crystal molecules 12 in the medium 11 are applied to the medium 11 by applying an electric field as a small group (cluster) of the liquid crystal molecules 12. Since it can be made to respond, the optical anisotropy that could conventionally be expressed only in a very narrow temperature range can be expressed in a wider temperature range.
- the lower limit of the chiral pitch is preferably as short as possible because of the characteristics of the display element 20.
- the above-described chiral agent-added liquid crystal material is used as the medium 11 (that is, when the chiral agent is added to the liquid crystalline substance)
- the amount of the chiral agent added is excessive, the dielectric
- the liquid crystal properties of the active material layer 3 as a whole deteriorate.
- the lack of liquid crystallinity leads to a decrease in the degree of optical anisotropy when an electric field is applied, leading to a decrease in function as a display element.
- the upper limit value of the chiral addition concentration is determined from the request that the dielectric material layer 3 as a whole must have at least liquid crystallinity in order to function as a display element.
- the ratio of the liquid crystal substance in the dielectric material layer 3 is preferably 20% by weight or more, as described above.
- the amount is less than% by weight, it has been found that there is a possibility that sufficient electro-optic effect cannot be obtained. That is, according to the present inventors' analysis, it was found that the upper limit concentration of the above chiral addition concentration was 80% by weight.
- the upper limit (the lower limit in terms of chiral pitch) of the above-mentioned chiral agent concentration (chiral concentration) is applied as described above, because the chiral agent is applied to the liquid crystalline medium (liquid crystalline substance).
- the medium 11 itself, which does not use an additive substance such as a chiral agent, already has a unidirectional palm, and the medium 11 described above has a chiral pitch.
- the lower limit is not applicable.
- the substance that can be used as the medium 11 includes a liquid crystalline medium exhibiting a nematic liquid crystal phase, and is optical when no electric field is applied.
- the optical anisotropy is exhibited by the application of an electric field, and the above condition is satisfied by ⁇ ⁇ ⁇
- a substance exhibiting the Kerr effect, a substance exhibiting the Pockels effect, or other polar molecules may be used.
- the change in the refractive index that appears in proportion to the second order (square) of the electric field has the advantage that the response speed is fast.
- the dielectric material layer 3 using the medium 11 whose refractive index changes in proportion to the second order of the electric field, that is, the medium 11 (liquid crystalline medium) exhibiting the Kerr effect is applied to the liquid crystal molecules 12 by applying the electric field.
- the randomly arranged individual liquid crystal molecules 12 rotate and change their orientations individually.
- the liquid crystal molecules 12 constituting the medium 11 are arranged in a disorderly manner, so there is no viewing angle limitation. Therefore, according to the above configuration, it is possible to realize a display device that is superior in high-speed response and wide viewing angle characteristics. In this case, the driving voltage can be greatly reduced, and its practical value is extremely high.
- the dielectric material layer 3 is filled with the medium 11 containing a polar molecule, the polar molecule is polarized by applying an electric field, and the polar molecule is aligned. Since it can be further promoted, optical anisotropy can be developed at a lower voltage.
- the alignment auxiliary material L is formed between the pair of substrates 13 and 14, the alignment auxiliary material L can further promote the alignment of the polar molecules, and the lower voltage. With this, optical anisotropy can be developed, and the drive voltage can be lowered.
- the medium 11 preferably contains a polar molecule.
- the polar molecule is not particularly limited, but is preferably used, for example, -trobenzene isotropic force. Nitrobenzene is also a type of medium that exhibits the Kerr effect.
- the medium 11 is not limited to a liquid crystal substance, and preferably has an ordered structure (orientation order) that is equal to or less than the wavelength of light when an electric field is applied or when no electric field is applied. If the ordered structure is less than the wavelength of light, it is optically isotropic. Therefore, when an electric field is applied or no electric field is applied. By using the medium 11 whose ordering structure is sometimes less than or equal to the wavelength of light, it is possible to reliably change the display state when no electric field is applied and when an electric field is applied.
- an ordered structure orientation order
- a force that causes the nematic phase to appear at a low temperature is used when forming the liquid crystal phase L.
- the method of expressing is not limited to the above method.
- a high voltage that is not used for normal display that is, a voltage higher than the driving voltage of the display element 20 without applying a low temperature
- the liquid crystal molecules 12 are forcibly aligned to develop a liquid crystal phase.
- an external field such as a force for adjusting temperature (typically a low temperature) or an electric field may be applied. It should be noted that it is preferable that the external field given to develop the liquid crystal phase is different from the display environment.
- the substrates 1 and 2 in the display element 20 are formed of glass substrates, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the present invention is not limited to this and may be set arbitrarily. .
- the cell thickness (d) is thin.
- the force that the electrodes 4 and 5 are formed of ITO is not limited to this. It is sufficient that at least one of the electrodes is formed of a transparent electrode material.
- an alignment film made of polyimide is used as the alignment films 8 and 9, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- an alignment film made of polyamic acid is used. It may be used.
- an alignment film made of a material (alignment film material) such as polybulal alcohol, a silane coupling agent, or polyvinyl cinnamate may be used.
- the alignment film material is applied to the substrates 1 and 2 on which the electrodes 4 and 5 are formed to form the alignment films 8 and 9.
- alignment treatment such as rubbing treatment or light irradiation treatment may be performed.
- silane coupling agent when used as the alignment film material, it may be formed by a pulling method such as an LB film (Langmuir B1 odgett Film).
- LB film Longmuir B1 odgett Film
- burcinnamate apply polybulu cinnamate to the substrates 1 and 2 on which the electrodes 4 and 5 are formed, and then irradiate with ultraviolet rays (UV)!
- the alignment treatment direction the alignment treatment direction ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ mainly applied to the alignment films 8 and 9 has been described as an example.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- both orientation processing directions ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ may be parallel and in the same direction (parallel direction), or both orientation processing directions may be different from each other.
- An orientation treatment may be performed. Further, only one of them may be subjected to orientation treatment.
- an electric field applying unit for applying an electric field to a material layer sandwiched between a pair of opposing substrates is a substrate of the pair of substrates.
- the substance layer includes a liquid crystalline medium exhibiting a nematic liquid crystal phase, and is optically isotropic when no electric field is applied.
- the optical anisotropy is manifested by applying an electric field, and the refractive index anisotropy at 550 nm in the nematic phase state of the liquid crystalline medium showing the nematic liquid crystal phase is ⁇ , and the dielectric at 1 kHz.
- the display element is substantially perpendicular to the pair of substrates, preferably with respect to the pair of substrates, more preferably perpendicular (that is, the substrate surface normal line). It is preferable to provide an electric field applying means for generating an electric field in the direction) and applying the electric field to the material layer. Specifically, in the display element, it is preferable that an electrode for applying an electric field between the two substrates is formed on both the substrates. The electrode is By being formed on each of the substrates, an electric field can be generated between the pair of substrates, that is, in the direction normal to the substrate surface of the pair of substrates.
- the electrode generates an electric field in the normal direction of the substrate surface of the pair of substrates, so that the entire region on the substrate without sacrificing the electrode area is set as the display region. Therefore, it is possible to improve the aperture ratio, improve the transmittance, and lower the drive voltage. Furthermore, according to the above configuration, it is possible to promote the development of optical anisotropy not only in the vicinity of the interface between the material layer and the two substrates but also in a region away from both substrates. Also, with respect to the drive voltage, a narrow gap can be achieved as compared with a case where the gap between the electrodes is narrowed with a comb electrode.
- the substance layer that is, as described above, includes a liquid crystalline medium exhibiting a nematic liquid crystal phase, and exhibits optical isotropy when no electric field is applied.
- a dielectric material layer having a dielectric material force is preferably used as a layer that exhibits optical anisotropy when applied.
- the display element according to the present embodiment applies, for example, a pair of opposing substrates, a dielectric material layer sandwiched between the pair of substrates, and an electric field to the dielectric material layer.
- An electric field applying means for generating an electric field in a normal direction of the substrate surface of the pair of substrates, and the dielectric material layer exhibits a nematic liquid crystal phase.
- a nematic phase state of a liquid crystalline medium that includes a liquid crystalline medium exhibits optical isotropy when no electric field is applied, exhibits optical anisotropy when an electric field is applied, and exhibits the nematic liquid crystal phase.
- the material layer when the liquid crystalline medium uses a liquid crystalline medium having the above ⁇ ⁇ ⁇
- the maximum effective voltage value that can be applied to the dielectric material layer can be achieved with a cell thickness that can be manufactured (that is, the thickness of the material layer (dielectric material layer)).
- the above ⁇ is preferably 0.14 or more, and the above
- the ⁇ (dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystalline medium) is preferably negative.
- the liquid crystalline medium preferably has a dielectric constant in the molecular long axis direction smaller than that in the molecular short axis direction (dielectric constant in the molecular long axis direction and dielectric constant in the molecular short axis direction).
- the liquid crystal display element is preferably provided with an alignment auxiliary material for promoting the expression of optical anisotropy by the application of the electric field between the pair of substrates.
- a substance that exhibits optical isotropy when no electric field is applied and exhibits optical anisotropy when the electric field is applied for example, a dielectric substance
- the orientation direction of the molecules when the electric field is applied for example, a dielectric substance
- Display elements that display using a material that exhibits optical anisotropy due to changes exhibit high-speed response characteristics and wide viewing angle characteristics, but conventionally have a very high driving voltage. There was a problem.
- the alignment aid is provided between the pair of substrates. Therefore, by applying an electric field, it is possible to promote changes in the orientation state of molecules in the substance (for example, a dielectric substance), and to exhibit optical anisotropy more efficiently when the electric field is applied. it can. Therefore, according to the above configuration, it is possible to develop optical anisotropy at a low voltage, so that it can be operated at a driving voltage at a practical level, and has a high-speed response characteristic and a wide viewing angle characteristic. An element can be realized.
- the alignment aid may be formed in the substance (dielectric substance) layer.
- the orientation auxiliary material preferably has structural anisotropy.
- the alignment aid is preferably formed in a state where the liquid crystalline medium in the material layer exhibits a liquid crystal phase.
- the alignment aid may be made of a polymerizable compound or may be a polymer compound.
- the orientation auxiliary material has at least one polymer compound selected from the group consisting of a chain polymer compound, a network polymer compound, and a cyclic polymer compound. Or it may be made of a porous material.
- Each of the above configurations is suitable as an alignment aid for promoting the development of optical anisotropy by the application of the electric field.
- the alignment aid is formed in the substance (dielectric substance) layer, the molecular orientation of the liquid crystalline medium can be promoted in the substance (dielectric substance). For this reason, even if a high voltage is not applied, the orientation regulating force can be sufficiently applied to the inside of the butter and uniaxial orientation can be realized.
- the alignment aid has structural anisotropy, for example, a chain polymer compound, a network polymer compound, a cyclic polymer compound, etc. obtained by polymerizing a polymerizable compound, etc. It is possible to promote the change of the orientation direction of molecules in the substance constituting the substance layer by the intermolecular interaction with the orientation auxiliary material. It can. That is, according to the above configuration, each of the molecules in the substance constituting the substance layer is constituted by the intermolecular interaction with each substance (material) constituting the alignment aid material. It can be easily oriented along the direction regulated by the structural anisotropy of each substance (material).
- the alignment aid is composed of the above-described substances (materials), the alignment aid is present in any region in the substance layer. That is, the alignment aid can be formed over the entire region or almost the entire region of the material layer. Therefore, the alignment aid is excellent in alignment regulating force and can increase the alignment order of the molecules of the liquid crystalline medium in all regions in the material layer. Therefore, according to the above configuration, a large optical response can be obtained, and the maximum transmittance can be obtained at a much lower voltage.
- the alignment aid is formed in a state where the liquid crystalline medium in the material layer exhibits a liquid crystal phase.
- the state showing the liquid crystal phase that is, the nematic liquid crystal phase
- the proportion of the portion along the alignment direction of the molecules constituting the liquid crystalline medium increases. Therefore, the alignment aid can promote the alignment of molecules so that the molecules constituting the liquid crystalline medium are aligned in the same direction as the alignment direction in the liquid crystal phase state when an electric field is applied. . Accordingly, the development of optical anisotropy when an electric field is applied can be surely promoted.
- the alignment aid when a porous material is used as the alignment aid, an orientation treatment is performed only on the substrate interface sandwiching the substance layer, and then the porous material layer having the porous material force is applied.
- the porous material layer (alignment aid) can be anisotropically grown in a self-organizing manner in accordance with the anisotropy of the substrate interface. Therefore, when the porous material is used, it is not always necessary to form the alignment auxiliary material in a state where the liquid crystalline medium exhibits a liquid crystal phase, and a simplified manufacturing process can be realized.
- the alignment aid is preferably a material (material) for dividing the liquid crystalline medium in the substance layer into small regions.
- the size of the small region is preferably equal to or less than the visible light wavelength.
- the liquid crystalline medium is confined in a small region, preferably a micro small region below the visible light wavelength, the liquid crystalline medium is in the isotropic temperature region and an electric field is applied.
- the electro-optic effect (for example, the Kerr effect) can be exhibited in a wide temperature range. If the size of the small region is less than or equal to the visible light wavelength, light scattering due to mismatch in refractive index between the alignment aid, that is, the material that divides the liquid crystalline medium into small regions and the liquid crystalline medium is suppressed. To achieve a high-contrast display element. Togashi.
- the alignment aid may be a horizontal alignment film provided on at least one of the pair of substrates.
- the horizontal alignment film is subjected to a rubbing process or a light irradiation process. May be. That is, the alignment aid may be a horizontal alignment film that has been subjected to a rubbing process or a light irradiation process.
- the light irradiation process may be a polarized light irradiation process.
- the alignment direction of molecules in the vicinity of the interface with the horizontal alignment film in the material layer is defined as the in-plane direction of the substrate. be able to. Therefore, according to the above configuration, the molecules (liquid crystal molecules) constituting the liquid crystalline medium are aligned in the in-plane direction of the substrate in a state where the liquid crystalline phase, that is, the nematic liquid crystalline phase is expressed in the liquid crystalline medium. Can be made. Therefore, the orientation assisting material can be formed so that the proportion of the portion along the in-plane direction of the substrate is increased.
- the alignment aid can promote the alignment of the molecules so that the liquid crystal molecules constituting the liquid crystalline medium are aligned in the in-plane direction of the substrate when an electric field is applied. Therefore, the development of optical anisotropy when an electric field is applied can be promoted reliably and efficiently.
- the horizontal alignment film uses a liquid crystal medium having a negative ⁇ (dielectric anisotropy) and aligns liquid crystal molecules constituting the liquid crystal medium in the in-plane direction of the substrate when an electric field is applied. It is suitable for the purpose of the invention, and unlike the case of using a vertical alignment film, the liquid crystal molecules can be efficiently aligned in the substrate surface when an electric field is applied, and the optical anisotropy is more effectively achieved. Can be expressed.
- the alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules can be aligned in one direction when an electric field is applied.
- the optical anisotropy can be more effectively expressed. If the optical anisotropy can be effectively expressed, a display element that can be driven at a lower voltage can be realized.
- the horizontal alignment film is provided on each of the pair of substrates, and in the rubbing process or the light irradiation process, the rubbing direction or the light irradiation direction force is parallel, antiparallel, or orthogonal to each other. More preferably, it is arranged. [0322] According to the above configuration, as in the conventional nematic liquid crystal mode, the light utilization efficiency during the application of an electric field is increased, so that the transmittance is improved, and thus low voltage driving is possible.
- the alignment direction of the molecules in the vicinity of the interface with the horizontal alignment film can be reliably defined in a desired direction.
- the rubbing process or the light irradiation process is performed so that the rubbing direction or the light irradiation direction is different from each other, for example, the rubbing direction or the light irradiation direction is orthogonal to each other.
- the molecules constituting the liquid crystalline medium can be aligned to form a twisted structure when an electric field is applied. That is, the long axis direction of the molecule is oriented in a direction parallel to the substrate surface, and one substrate side force is also oriented toward the other substrate side so as to be sequentially twisted in the direction parallel to the substrate surface.
- the molecules can be oriented. Thereby, the coloring phenomenon due to the wavelength dispersion of the liquid crystalline medium can be alleviated.
- the thickness d of the material layer contributes to the electro-optical characteristics (for example, voltage-transmittance characteristics) as a factor. That is, the phase difference (retardation) is determined by the above An x d, which corresponds to the transmittance.
- the thickness of the material layer is d (m) and the wavelength of incident light is ⁇ (nm)
- ⁇ / ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ (1 ⁇ 3 ⁇ ⁇ 4 is preferably satisfied.
- the thickness of the material layer is set to d ( ⁇ m )
- the rubbing direction or light irradiation direction is parallel or anti-parallel to each other, it is half the range of ⁇ ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ (1 ⁇ 3 ⁇ ⁇ 4) around the half-wavelength condition ( ⁇ / 2)
- the light utilization efficiency is maximized (that is, the transmittance is maximized)
- the rubbing direction or light irradiation direction is orthogonal to each other, 350 (nm)
- An x In the range of d ⁇ 650 (nm), the light utilization efficiency is maximized, so that the display element according to the present invention satisfies the above conditions in addition to the above conditions, It is possible to improve the light utilization efficiency.
- fine particles are further encapsulated in the material layer. That is, It is preferable to enclose a medium containing fine particles in the material layer.
- the substance layer further contains fine particles, that is, fine particles are added to the medium in the substance layer, the orientation state (orientation order) of the medium when no electric field is applied is stabilized. You can be ashamed.
- the material layer contains a medium whose refractive index changes in proportion to the second order of the electric field.
- the change in the refractive index that appears in proportion to the second order of the electric field has the advantage of high response speed.
- the material layer with a medium whose refractive index changes in proportion to the second order of the electric field changes the orientation direction of the molecules by the application of the electric field, and controls the bias of electrons in one molecule. Because of the force that each randomly arranged molecule rotates and changes its direction separately, the response speed is not only very fast as described above, but also the molecules are arranged randomly. There is no limit. Therefore, according to the above configuration, it is possible to realize a display element that is superior in high-speed response and wide viewing angle characteristics.
- the substance layer may be filled with a medium containing polar molecules!
- polarization of the polar molecule is expressed by application of an electric field, and the orientation of the polar molecule can be further promoted, so that optical anisotropy is expressed at a lower voltage. Can do.
- the alignment auxiliary material is formed between the pair of substrates, the alignment auxiliary material can further promote the alignment of the polar molecules, and the optical anisotropy can be reduced at a lower voltage. The drive voltage can be lowered.
- the material layer may have a twisted structure having only a unidirectional palm.
- the material layer may contain a chiral medium.
- the orientation direction of molecules in the medium included in the material layer may be a unidirectional palm, that is, a twisted structure having only one of right-handed twist and left-handed twist. it can.
- the orientation direction of the molecules can surely be a twisted structure having only one-handed palm. Therefore, according to each configuration described above, the molecules constituting the medium can have only a twisted structure of either left-handed twist or right-handed twist. For this reason, both left and right twists The problem that the transmittance is reduced at the domain boundary as in the case where there is a multi-domain having a twisted structure is eliminated, and the transmittance is improved.
- each twisted structure has a certain optical rotation even if there is no correlation between the directions. For this reason, according to said structure, big optical rotation can be expressed as the whole substance layer. As a result, the maximum transmittance can be obtained at a low voltage, and the drive voltage can be reduced to a practical level.
- the intermolecular interaction of about the chiral pitch (spontaneous twist length) of the medium exhibiting chirality is isotropic. It can be acted on in a liquid crystalline medium, and can exhibit optical anisotropy when an electric field is applied over a wider temperature range than just contributing to lowering the voltage.
- the liquid crystalline medium may have a selective reflection wavelength region of 400 nm or less or a helical pitch.
- the color may reflect a color reflecting the helical pitch.
- This phenomenon of selectively reflecting light with a wavelength that reflects the helical pitch is called selective reflection. Therefore, such coloration can be prevented by setting the selective reflection wavelength region or the helical pitch of the liquid crystalline medium to 400 nm or less.
- the display device of the present invention includes the display element according to the present invention described above. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to realize a display device that can be driven in a wide temperature range with a fast response speed and a low driving voltage.
- the display device of the present invention is an image display device such as a television or a monitor, a word processor or a personal computer.
- the present invention can be widely applied to image display devices provided in office equipment such as computer, information terminals such as video cameras, digital cameras, and mobile phones.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (2)
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US10/574,505 US20080106689A1 (en) | 2004-08-31 | 2005-08-24 | Display Element And Display Device |
JP2006531934A JP4510023B2 (ja) | 2004-08-31 | 2005-08-24 | 表示素子および表示装置 |
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US (1) | US20080106689A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4510023B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100853069B1 (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI322899B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006025234A1 (ja) |
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- 2005-08-24 KR KR1020077007188A patent/KR100853069B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-08-24 US US10/574,505 patent/US20080106689A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-08-24 WO PCT/JP2005/015315 patent/WO2006025234A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-08-30 TW TW094129680A patent/TWI322899B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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Cited By (9)
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JP2009128658A (ja) * | 2007-11-26 | 2009-06-11 | Toshiba Corp | ヘッドアップディスプレイ用光学フィルム、ヘッドアップディスプレイ及び移動体 |
JP2009161635A (ja) * | 2007-12-28 | 2009-07-23 | Sony Corp | 液晶材料、液晶表示素子および液晶表示装置 |
JP2009161634A (ja) * | 2007-12-28 | 2009-07-23 | Sony Corp | 液晶材料、液晶表示素子および液晶表示装置 |
US7838089B2 (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2010-11-23 | Sony Corporation | Liquid crystal material, liquid crystal display device and liquid crystal display |
JP2013531080A (ja) * | 2010-05-06 | 2013-08-01 | メルク パテント ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | 液晶媒体および液晶ディスプレイ |
US9822307B2 (en) | 2010-05-06 | 2017-11-21 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Liquid crystalline medium and liquid crystal display |
KR20130058578A (ko) * | 2011-11-25 | 2013-06-04 | 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 | 액정 표시 장치 및 그 제조 방법 |
JP2013113904A (ja) * | 2011-11-25 | 2013-06-10 | Lg Display Co Ltd | 液晶表示装置および液晶表示装置の製造方法 |
KR101992886B1 (ko) | 2011-11-25 | 2019-06-25 | 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 | 액정 표시 장치 및 그 제조 방법 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20080106689A1 (en) | 2008-05-08 |
KR20070057219A (ko) | 2007-06-04 |
JPWO2006025234A1 (ja) | 2008-05-08 |
KR100853069B1 (ko) | 2008-08-19 |
TW200619727A (en) | 2006-06-16 |
TWI322899B (en) | 2010-04-01 |
JP4510023B2 (ja) | 2010-07-21 |
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