WO2005121905A1 - 現像ローラおよびそれを用いた画像形成装置 - Google Patents
現像ローラおよびそれを用いた画像形成装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005121905A1 WO2005121905A1 PCT/JP2005/010482 JP2005010482W WO2005121905A1 WO 2005121905 A1 WO2005121905 A1 WO 2005121905A1 JP 2005010482 W JP2005010482 W JP 2005010482W WO 2005121905 A1 WO2005121905 A1 WO 2005121905A1
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- resin
- developing roller
- resin layer
- fine particles
- layer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
- G03G15/08—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
- G03G15/0806—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer on a donor element, e.g. belt, roller
- G03G15/0818—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer on a donor element, e.g. belt, roller characterised by the structure of the donor member, e.g. surface properties
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a developing roller used for an image forming apparatus such as an electrophotographic apparatus such as a copying machine and a printer and an electrostatic recording apparatus, and an image forming apparatus using the developing roller.
- a non-magnetic developer (toner) is supplied to a latent image holding member such as a photosensitive drum holding a latent image, and the latent image holding member is supplied with a non-magnetic developer.
- a latent image is visualized by attaching toner to the image.
- One of the general developing methods is to use a developing device with a small gap between the latent image carrier and the developing device.
- Non-magnetic jumping development in which charged toner is carried on the outer periphery of the roller, and the developing roller is rotated while a voltage is applied between the latent image holding member and the developing roller, so that the toner flies on the latent image holding member. There is a law.
- a small gap 92 is provided between the photosensitive drum 95 between the toner supply roller 94 for supplying toner and the photosensitive drum (latent image holder) 95 holding the electrostatic latent image.
- the developing roller 91, the photosensitive drum 95, and the toner supply roller 94 rotate in the directions of the arrows in the figure, and a predetermined voltage is applied between the photosensitive drum 95 and the developing roller 91.
- the toner 96 is supplied to the surface of the developing roller 91 by the toner supply roller 94, and the toner 96 is adjusted to a uniform thin layer by the layering blade 97, and the thinner toner 96 is formed. Then, it flies over the gap 92 to the photosensitive drum 95 and adheres to the latent image, so that the latent image becomes visible.
- reference numeral 98 denotes a transfer unit, which transfers a toner image to a recording medium such as paper.
- Reference numeral 99 denotes a cleaning unit, which is configured to remove the toner 6 remaining on the surface of the photosensitive drum 95 after transfer by the cleaning blade 99a.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional developing roller 91 used for a non-magnetic jumping developing method.
- the developing roller 91 is generally a solid cylindrical shape made of a good conductive material such as metal.
- a resin layer 84 is provided on the outer periphery of the hollow cylindrical shaft member 82 for optimizing the chargeability and adhesion to the toner, or the frictional force between the developing roller and the layered blade. (For example, see Patent Document 1.)
- the shaft member 82 In order to make the shaft member 82 as light as possible in terms of strength, it is preferable to form a hollow cylindrical shape.
- the shaft member 82 is attached to both ends of the metal pipe 85 and the metal pipe 85.
- Each of the shaft caps 86 is provided with a shaft portion 86a which constitutes both ends in the longitudinal direction of the shaft member 82, and is supported by a roller support portion of the image forming apparatus. You.
- the shaft member 82 is dipped in a solvent-based or water-based paint, or this paint is sprayed on the outside of the shaft member 82, and then dried and cured by heat or hot air.
- a long drying line is required to mass-produce the developing roller 91, and the cost required for the equipment and space is enormous.
- the resin layer is required to have highly controlled conductivity and surface condition depending on the application.However, variations in temperature distribution and air volume in the drying line greatly affect these performances, and there are also quality problems. Was.
- a developing roller in which a coating layer is formed by curing an ultraviolet curable resin containing a conductive agent applied on a shaft member 82 with ultraviolet rays (for example, see Patent Reference 2).
- a conductive agent for imparting conductivity to the developing roller a carbon-based material is generally widely used in terms of low cost, high conductivity, and its stability to the environment.
- Patent Document 1 JP 2002-14534 A
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-2002-310136
- the resin layer configured as described above is generally coated with a coating liquid containing a resin component.
- the resin layer formed in this way has insufficient surface roughness, so the toner is carried on the outer peripheral surface and supplied to the latent image holding member. There was a possibility that the supply capacity at the time of supply was insufficient.
- the present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and can eliminate a drying line in a process of forming a resin layer, and can impart conductivity to the resin layer.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a developing roller that can use a carbon-based conductive agent as a conductive agent for the development, and an image forming apparatus using the same.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a developing roller having a surface roughness sufficient to obtain a desired toner supply capability, and an image forming apparatus using the same.
- ⁇ 1> is a latent image in which a non-magnetic developer carried on the outer peripheral surface is provided with one or more resin layers on the outer side in the radial direction of a shaft member which is mounted by being supported at both ends in the longitudinal direction.
- a non-magnetic developer carried on the outer peripheral surface is provided with one or more resin layers on the outer side in the radial direction of a shaft member which is mounted by being supported at both ends in the longitudinal direction.
- the shaft member is made of a metal pipe, at least one of the resin layers is made of an ultraviolet curable resin containing a conductive agent and an ultraviolet polymerization initiator, and the conductive agent contains at least a carbon-based resin. Further, the developing roller includes the ultraviolet polymerization initiator having a maximum wavelength in an ultraviolet absorption wavelength band of 400 nm or more.
- the "ultraviolet absorption wavelength band” refers to a wavelength band in which the initiator can obtain sufficient energy for cleavage, and a wavelength band having only a small amount of absorption is an absorption wavelength band. Not included. Therefore, for example, a case where the maximum wavelength of the ultraviolet absorption wavelength band is 400 ⁇ m or more means that cleavage can be sufficiently initiated even in a wavelength band of 400 nm or more, and that ultraviolet light can be absorbed in this region. It doesn't just mean re.
- ⁇ 2> is a preferable example of ⁇ 1>, wherein the ultraviolet polymerization initiator includes one having a maximum wavelength in an ultraviolet absorption wavelength band of less than 400 nm.
- ⁇ 3> is preferably formed by applying the coating liquid composed of a solvent-free resin composition to the ultraviolet-curable resin and curing the resin by irradiation with ultraviolet light, as a preferable one of ⁇ 1> or ⁇ 2>. It shall be assumed.
- ⁇ 4> is a configuration in which one or more resin layers are provided on the radial outer side of a shaft member that is mounted by being supported at both ends in the longitudinal direction, and the non-magnetic developer carried on the outer peripheral surface is a latent image.
- the developing roller for supplying to the holder In the developing roller for supplying to the holder,
- a developing roller wherein the shaft member is made of a metal pipe, and at least one of the resin layers is made of an electron beam-curable resin containing a conductive agent.
- an electron beam-curable resin does not contain a crosslinking agent, a polymerization initiator, and a cleavage aid, and self-crosslinking proceeds by the energy of electron beam irradiation without using these assistants.
- the resin having the property of causing it to be damaged.
- electron beam curable resins which do not hinder the formation of a layer by mixing them with a crosslinking agent or the like in actual production do not refuse to mix them with a crosslinking agent or the like.
- ⁇ 5> is a preferable example of ⁇ 4>, wherein the electron beam-curable resin is formed by applying a coating liquid composed of a solvent-free resin composition and curing the resin by electron beam irradiation. It shall be.
- ⁇ 6> is preferably any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 5>, wherein the resin layer is composed of two or more layers, and the outermost layer in the radial direction is a second resin layer. and then, the layer adjacent to the inner side of the second resin layer as the first resin layer, the volume resistivity of the first resin layer is 10 6 ⁇ 'cm hereinafter, the volume resistivity of the second resin layer 10 1Q Q 'cm or more.
- ⁇ 7> is a preferable thing of ⁇ 6>, wherein the second resin layer is configured not to contain conductive fine particles.
- ⁇ 8> is a preferable resin of ⁇ 6> or ⁇ 7>, which is a resin that dissolves the resin constituting the second resin layer in a poor solvent for the resin constituting the first resin layer. It is a thing.
- ⁇ 9> is any one of ⁇ 6> to ⁇ 8>, wherein the second resin layer is formed of a crosslinked resin, and is extracted with a good solvent for the resin before crosslinking.
- the soluble part is 3 It is configured to have a characteristic of not more than 0% by weight.
- ⁇ 10> is provided with one or more resin layers on the outer side in the radial direction of a shaft member which is mounted by being supported at both ends in the longitudinal direction, and is provided with a non-magnetic developer carried on the outer peripheral surface.
- a shaft member which is mounted by being supported at both ends in the longitudinal direction, and is provided with a non-magnetic developer carried on the outer peripheral surface.
- a developing roller wherein the shaft member is made of a metal pipe, and at least one of the resin layers is made of a resin in which fine particles are dispersed.
- the resin layer is composed of two or more layers, the outermost layer in the radial direction is a second resin layer, The fine particles are not contained in the second resin layer but are dispersed only in the first resin layer, with the layer adjacent to the inside of the layer as the first resin layer.
- the volume resistivity of the first resin layer is 10 6 ⁇ 'Cm or less
- the volume resistivity of the second resin layer is 10 10 ⁇ . 'cm or more
- ⁇ 13> is a preferable one of ⁇ 10> to ⁇ 12>, wherein the average particle diameter of the fine particles is: !! 50 / im.
- ⁇ 14> is a preferable one of ⁇ 10> to ⁇ 13>, wherein the content of the fine particles is from 0 :! to 100 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the resin. .
- ⁇ 15> is a preferable one of ⁇ 10> to ⁇ 14>, wherein the total thickness of the resin layer is 1 to 50 ⁇ .
- ⁇ 16> is preferably any one of ⁇ 10> to ⁇ 15>, wherein the ratio a / b of the average particle diameter a of the fine particles to the total thickness b of the resin layer is 1.0 to 5.0. It becomes as.
- ⁇ 17> is a preferable one of ⁇ 10> to ⁇ 16>, wherein the fine particles are made of rubber or synthetic resin.
- ⁇ 18> is a preferable thing of ⁇ 17>, wherein the fine particles are silicone rubber fine particles, acrylic fine particles, styrene fine particles, acryl / styrene copolymer fine particles, fluororesin fine particles, urethane elastomer fine particles, It comprises at least one selected from urethane acrylate fine particles, melamine resin fine particles and phenol resin fine particles.
- ⁇ 19> is preferred as any one of ⁇ 10> to ⁇ 18>, Both layers are made of an ultraviolet curable resin or an electron beam curable resin.
- the ⁇ 20> is a preferable one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 19>, wherein at least the resin layer located at the outermost position in the radial direction is made of a resin containing at least one of fluorine and silicon. It is made.
- ⁇ 21> is a preferable one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 20>, wherein the total thickness of the resin layer is:! To 500 zm.
- ⁇ 22> is preferably any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 21>, wherein the content of the carbon-based conductive agent contained in the ultraviolet-curable resin is 1 to 100 parts by weight of the resin. It is about 20 parts by weight.
- ⁇ 23> is preferably any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 22>, wherein two or more kinds of conductive agents are contained in the ultraviolet curable resin or the electron beam curable resin. It is composed.
- ⁇ 24> is a preferred one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 23>, wherein an elastic layer is provided between the shaft member and the innermost resin layer.
- ⁇ 25> is a preferable one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 24>, wherein the shaft member is made of aluminum, stainless steel, iron, or a metal selected from alloys including any of these. It consists of.
- ⁇ 26> is an image forming apparatus including the developing roller of any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 25>.
- the ultraviolet polymerization initiator includes those having a maximum wavelength of 400 ⁇ m or more in the ultraviolet absorption wavelength band, long-wavelength ultraviolet light of 400 nm or more can reach deep inside the resin layer, and carbon
- the ultraviolet curing reaction there can be advanced by compensating for the decrease in the amount of ultraviolet light at the back of the layer due to the conductive agent, and therefore, as a conductive agent to be contained in the ultraviolet-curable resin, a carbon-based resin is advantageous in various points. Things can be applied.
- the ultraviolet polymerization initiator includes those having a maximum wavelength of less than 400 nm in the ultraviolet absorption wavelength band. Effectively promotes the curing reaction of the resin even in the area near the surface of the layer That can be S.
- the ultraviolet-curable resin was formed by applying a coating liquid comprising a solvent-free resin composition and curing it by ultraviolet irradiation. Instead of drying and hardening by drying with hot air or hot air, it is possible to save a large amount of drying time, a large amount of equipment and space, and it is difficult to control the drying process.
- the resin layer can be formed with high accuracy by suppressing the variation in film formation caused by
- At least one of the resin layers disposed outside the shaft member is made of the electron beam-curable resin containing the conductive agent, so that the drying line in the process of forming the resin layer is not required.
- a carbon-based conductive agent that can impart conductivity to the resin layer without fear of contaminating the latent image holding member can be used. Can be used.
- the electron beam-curable resin was formed by applying a coating solution composed of a solvent-free resin composition and curing it by electron beam irradiation, Instead of drying and curing by drying with heat or hot air instead of irradiation, large-scale equipment and space for drying can be saved, and it is difficult to control the drying process. In this way, it is possible to suppress a variation in film formation caused by the above, and to form the resin layer with high accuracy.
- the resin layer is composed of two or more layers, and the volume resistivity of the second resin layer located on the outermost side in the radial direction is set to 10 1 Q Q ′ cm or more, and the second resin layer Since the volume resistivity of the first resin layer adjacent to the inside of the image was 10 6 ⁇ 'cm or less, image defects such as image capri, image unevenness, and ghost caused by insufficient charging ability to the developer Also, it is possible to sufficiently suppress an image defect caused by the developer adhered to the developing roller in a long-term use. This has been found by the inventors as a result of various experiments.
- the second resin layer is configured not to contain conductive fine particles, the insulating property of the second resin layer is further enhanced, and the toner charging performance is kept good for a long period of time. A stable image can be provided.
- the resin constituting the second resin layer is referred to as the resin constituting the first resin layer.
- the resin used in the formation of the first resin layer is applied to the first resin layer by applying the coating solution for the second resin layer prepared using the poor solvent to the first resin layer. Even by drying in a so-called air-dried state, that is, drying at room temperature, which is difficult to be dissolved by the two-resin-layer coating liquid, it is possible to obtain a good resin layer in which these resin layers are not mixed with each other.
- ⁇ 9> it is made of a cross-linked resin, and has a characteristic that the soluble portion when extracted with a good solvent with respect to the resin before cross-linking is 30% by weight or less. If the melted portion exceeds 30% by weight, relatively low molecular weight or uncured components will be increased, resulting in insufficient durability, contamination of photoreceptor, contamination and aggregation of toner, abrasion of coating layer, coefficient of friction. It is possible to prevent a problem that causes an increase in the number of persons.
- the resin layers is made of a resin in which fine particles are dispersed, irregularities generated by the fine particles can be formed on the outer peripheral surface. Accordingly, it is possible to provide a developing roller having a surface roughness sufficient to obtain a desired toner supply capability.
- the resin layer is composed of two or more layers, and the fine particles are not included in the second resin layer located radially outermost, but are provided inside the second resin layer. Since the particles are dispersed in the adjacent first resin layer, the fine particles in the first resin layer are not directly exposed to the surface of the developing roller by the second resin layer, thereby preventing the fine particles from falling off. The surface roughness formed by the fine particles can be maintained for a long time.
- a volume resistivity of the first resin layer ' was less cm
- the volume resistivity of the second resin layer 10 10 ⁇ ' 10 6 ⁇ since a cm or more
- the average particle diameter of the fine particles is from:! To 50 zm, an optimal toner conveying force can be obtained, and the average particle diameter of the fine particles is less than: m. In some cases, sufficient surface roughness cannot be obtained, and as a result, the toner conveyance force is reduced, leading to a reduction in print quality such as a reduction in image density.If this exceeds 50 zm, , Large surface roughness Too much toner transport power is excessive, and it is impossible to secure proper toner charging properties.
- the content of the fine particles was set to 0.1 to 100 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the resin, an optimum surface roughness can be obtained, and If the amount is less than 0.1 part by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the resin, the ratio of the fine particles present on the surface of the first resin layer becomes too small to give the developing roller sufficient surface roughness. On the other hand, if it exceeds 100 parts by weight, the ratio of the fine particles to the resin becomes too large, and the expression of the function of the resin is inhibited, and a good layer can be obtained. It becomes difficult.
- the total thickness of the resin layer was set to:! To 50 xm, so that it was possible to contribute to good image formation. In some cases, the charging performance of the surface layer cannot be sufficiently ensured due to friction.On the other hand, when the thickness exceeds 50 xm, the surface of the developing roller becomes hard, and the toner is damaged, and an image forming body such as a photoconductor or the like is damaged. In some cases, the toner adheres to the layering blade, resulting in an image failure.
- the ratio a / b of the average particle diameter a of the fine particles to the total thickness b of the resin layer is 1.0 to 5.0, and the ratio a / b is If the ratio is less than 1.0, fine particles may become entrapped in the resin, and increasing the surface roughness of the developing roller may become difficult.If this exceeds 5.0, In addition, it becomes difficult to fix the fine particles with a resin.
- the fine particles are made of rubber or a synthetic resin, the fine particles are uniformly dispersed in the resin. , which can lower the.
- the fine particles include silicone rubber fine particles, acrylic fine particles, styrene fine particles, acryl / styrene copolymer fine particles, fluororesin fine particles, urethane elastomer single fine particles, urethane atalylate fine particles, melamine resin fine particles, Since it is made of at least one selected from phenolic resin fine particles, a uniform fine particle distribution can be easily obtained, and a desired toner charging performance can be easily obtained.
- At least one layer of the resin layer is made of an ultraviolet curable resin or an electron beam curable resin, so that the coated resin can be cured by irradiating it with ultraviolet light or an electron beam. If this is made of a thermosetting resin, the high power required for curing can eliminate the need for a drying line, greatly reducing costs. Can power s.
- the outermost resin layer is made of a resin containing at least one of fluorine and silicon, the surface energy of the outermost resin layer can be reduced. As a result, the frictional resistance of the developing roller is reduced, the releasability of the toner is also improved, and the abrasion during long-term use can be reduced to improve the durability.
- the content of the carbon-based conductive agent contained in the ultraviolet-curable resin was set to 1 to 20 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the resin, so that optimum electrical characteristics were imparted.
- the content of the carbon-based conductive agent is less than 1 part by weight, sufficient conductivity cannot be ensured.
- the content exceeds 20 parts by weight, the resin becomes hard.
- leakage may occur during use due to extremely high conductivity, and furthermore, since the carbon-based conductive agent easily absorbs ultraviolet light, the larger the amount of the conductive agent, the more ultraviolet light. It is difficult to reach the depth of the layer, so that the UV curing reaction does not proceed sufficiently.
- the conductive agent to be contained in the ultraviolet curable resin or the electron beam curable resin is composed of two or more kinds, it is affected by fluctuations in applied voltage and environmental changes. It is possible to stably develop conductivity without causing.
- the developing method using a non-magnetic toner includes the developing method of the jumping method.
- the shaft member was formed of a metal selected from anoremium, stainless steel and iron, and an alloy containing any of these, sufficient conductivity was obtained. While ensuring strength, durability, workability, and the like.
- the drying line in the process of forming the resin layer can be made unnecessary as described above.
- a carbon-based conductive agent can be used as the conductive agent for imparting conductivity to the resin layer.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an image forming apparatus used for a non-magnetic jumping development method.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional developing roller.
- FIG. 3 is a sectional view and a side view showing a developing roller according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram of an apparatus for applying a charge to a developing roller and measuring a surface potential.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an arrangement of a surface electrometer and a discharger on a measurement unit.
- FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram showing a rotation resistance measuring device.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing surface residual potential vs. decay of numerical values.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a developing roller of a modified example.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a developing roller according to another embodiment.
- FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view illustrating the developing roller of the present embodiment
- FIG. 3B is a side view corresponding to the view taken along the line bb in FIG. 3A.
- the developing roller 1 has a force S formed by forming a semiconductive elastic layer 3 on the outer periphery of a shaft member 2 and further forming a semiconductive resin layer 4 on this elastic layer 3, and the elastic layer 3
- the shaft member 2 includes a hollow cylindrical metal pipe 5 and caps 6 with respective shafts attached to both ends of the metal pipe 5, with shafts serving as both longitudinal end portions of the shaft member 2.
- the cap 6 is provided with shaft portions 6a constituting both ends in the longitudinal direction of the shaft member 2, and is supported by a roller support portion (not shown) of the image forming apparatus.
- the shaft member 2 is made of metal and has good conductivity.
- the metal material used for the shaft member 2 is not particularly limited, for example, iron, stainless steel, aluminum, an alloy containing these, and the like can be used.
- the wall thickness of the pipe can be set to 0.3 to 2 mm, for example, as long as the strength is sufficient, and it is preferable that the pipe be thin in terms of lightweight.
- the protrusion 5a provided on the metal pipe 5 and the cap 6 with the shaft are provided.
- the metal pipe 5 and the cap 6 with a shaft may be fixed with an adhesive, a pin, or the like.
- the resin layer 4 can impart a required amount of charge to the toner and obtain a required amount of transported toner in accordance with the specifications of the toner and the image forming apparatus. Characteristics such as electrical resistance and surface properties are set so that the supplied amount is as required.
- the resin layer 4 can be composed of one layer or a plurality of layers having different materials and physical properties, and at least one layer is made of an ultraviolet-curable resin containing a carbon-based conductive agent. It is formed of resin or electron beam curable resin.
- FIG. 3 shows a developing roller in the case where the resin layer 4 is composed of a single layer.
- Examples of the ultraviolet curable resin or the electron beam curable resin forming the resin layer 4 include polyester resin, polyether resin, fluorine resin, epoxy resin, amino resin, polyamide resin, acrylic resin, acrylic urethane resin, and urethane resin. Alkyd resin, phenol resin, melamine resin, urea resin, silicone resin, polybutyral resin, and the like, and one or more of these can be used as a mixture.
- modified resins obtained by introducing a specific functional group into these resins can also be used.
- (meth) acrylate-based (meth) acrylate-containing oligomers A composition formed from an ultraviolet curable resin or an electron beam curable resin is preferable.
- Such (meth) acrylate copolymers include, for example, urethane (meth) atalylate oligomers, epoxy (meth) atalylate oligomers, ether (meth) atalylate oligomers, and ester (meth) atalytes. Rate oligomers, polycarbonate (meth) acrylate oligomers, and fluorine-based and silicone-based (meth) acrylic oligomers.
- the above (meth) acrylate copolymers include polyethylene glycol, polyoxypropylene glycolone, polytetramethylene ether glycol, bisphenol A type epoxy resin, phenol novolak type epoxy resin, adduct of polyhydric alcohol and ⁇ -force prolatatatone And the like, and (meth) acrylic acid, or by urethane-forming a polyisocyanate conjugate and a hydroxyl-containing (meth) atalylate conjugate.
- the urethane (meth) atalylate oligomer can be obtained by urethanizing a polyol, an isocyanate compound, and a (meth) atalylate compound having a hydroxyl group.
- Examples of the epoxy-based (meth) acrylate copolymer may be any reaction product of a compound having a glycidinole group and (meth) acrylic acid.
- a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, A reaction product of a compound having a cyclic structure such as a spiro ring, dicyclopentadiene or tricyclodecane and having a glycidinole group and (meth) acrylic acid is preferred.
- ether (meth) acrylate copolymers, ester (meth) acrylate copolymers, and polycarbonate (meth) acrylate copolymers can be used as polyols (polyether polyols, polyester polyols, and polycarbonate polyols).
- a reactive diluent having a polymerizable double bond is added to the resin composition of the ultraviolet-curable or electron-beam-curable resin for viscosity adjustment as required.
- a reactive diluent for example, a monofunctional, bifunctional or polyfunctional polymerizable compound having a structure in which (meth) acrylic acid is bonded to a compound containing an amino acid or a hydroxyl group by an esterification reaction or an amidation reaction. Compounds and the like can be used.
- These diluents are (meth) acrylate copolymers It is usually preferable to use 10 to 200 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight.
- the ultraviolet curable resin or the electron beam curable resin constituting the resin layer 4 is mixed with a conductive agent for the purpose of controlling the conductivity. Since a high conductivity can be obtained by adding a small amount of a carbon-based conductive agent, in the developing roller 1 of the present invention, at least a conductive agent containing a carbon-based material is used.
- a carbon-based conductive agent it is preferable to use ketylene black or acetylene black.
- carbon black for rubber such as SAF, ISAF, HAF, FEF, GPF, SRF, FT, and MT
- carbon black for ink such as carbon oxide black , Pyrolytic carbon black, graphite and the like can also be used.
- the amount of the carbon-based conductive agent to be added is 100 parts by weight or less, based on 100 parts by weight of the resin, for example, 1 to: 100 parts by weight, especially when the electron-curable resin is used by incorporating it. ⁇ 80 parts by weight, especially preferably 10-50 parts by weight When this is used by being contained in an ultraviolet-curable resin, it is 20 parts by weight or less per 100 parts by weight of the resin, for example, It is preferable that the amount is 1 to 20 parts by weight, particularly 1 to 10 parts by weight, particularly 2 to 5 parts by weight, because the carbon-based conductive agent easily absorbs ultraviolet rays, and thus exceeds 20 parts by weight. In this case, as the amount of the conductive agent increases, it becomes more difficult for the ultraviolet rays to reach the inside of the layer, so that the ultraviolet curing reaction may not proceed sufficiently.
- a mixture of two or more conductive agents may be used. In this case, conductivity can be stably exhibited even when the applied voltage fluctuates or the environment changes.
- Examples of the mixture include a mixture of a carbon-based conductive agent and an electronic or ionic conductive agent other than the carbon-based conductive agent.
- the amount of the ionic conductive agent in the resin layer 4 is 20 parts by weight or less, particularly 0.01 to 20 parts by weight, especially 0.01 to 20 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the resin. 1 to: preferably 10 parts by weight.
- Examples of the ionic conductive agent include dodecyltrimethylammonium such as tetraethylammonium, tetrabutylammonium and lauryltrimethylammonium, octadecyltrimethylammonium and stearyltrimethylammonium.
- Organic ion conductive agents such as phosphates, sulfates, alkyl sulfates, carboxylates and sulfonates; perchlorates of alkaline metals or alkaline earth metals such as lithium, sodium, calcium and magnesium; chloric acid Examples include inorganic ionic conductive agents such as salts, hydrochlorides, bromates, iodates, borofluorides, trifluoromethyl sulfates, and sulfonates.
- the compounding amount of the electronic conductive agent is 100 parts by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of the resin. It is preferably 1 to 80 parts by weight, especially 10 to 50 parts by weight.
- non-carbon electronic conductive agent examples include fine particles of metal oxides such as ITO, tin oxide, titanium oxide, and zinc oxide; oxides of metals such as nickel, copper, silver, and germanium; conductive titanium oxide Transparent whiskers, such as whiskers and conductive barium titanate whiskers; and the like.
- metal oxides such as ITO, tin oxide, titanium oxide, and zinc oxide
- oxides of metals such as nickel, copper, silver, and germanium
- conductive titanium oxide Transparent whiskers such as whiskers and conductive barium titanate whiskers; and the like.
- the resin layer 4 is composed of an ultraviolet curable resin
- an ultraviolet polymerization initiator for promoting the initiation of a curing reaction of the resin in the formation process.
- the carbon-based conductive agent may make it impossible for ultraviolet rays to reach the inside of the layer.
- the ultraviolet polymerization initiator cannot sufficiently exert its function, which is one of the causes that the curing reaction does not proceed.
- the maximum wavelength in the ultraviolet absorption wavelength band is used as a UV polymerization initiator that absorbs long wavelength ultraviolet light that can penetrate deep into the layer. It is characteristic to use those having a wavelength of 400 nm or more, and as such an ultraviolet polymerization initiator, there can be used, for example, aminoaminoacetophenone, asinolephosphinoxide, thioxanthonamine, etc. More specific examples of these include bis (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) -phenylphosphinoxide or 2_methyl_1- [4- (methylthio) phenyl] _2_morpholinopropane One can be one_on.
- the maximum wavelength in the ultraviolet absorption wavelength band is less than 400 nm.
- the curing reaction can be favorably advanced not only at the back of the layer but also near the surface of the layer.
- UV polymerization initiator having such a short wavelength absorption band
- examples of the UV polymerization initiator having such a short wavelength absorption band include 2,2_dimethoxy 1,2 diphenyl-2-ethane, 1-hydroxy-1-cyclohexyl-phenyl ketone, 2 —Hydroxy 2_methyl _ 1 _phenylpropane _ 1 _one, 1 _ [4- (2-hydroxyethoxy) phenyl] 2-hydroxy-1- 2-methyl-1- 1-propane-1-one, 2-methyl-1- 1 _ [4-phenyl] _ 2_ morpholinopropane _ 1 _one.
- the blending amount is preferably, for example, 0.1 to 10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the (meth) acrylate ester oligomer.
- tertiary amines such as triethylamine and triethanolamine, and triphenylphosphine such as triethylamine and triethanolamine may be used, if necessary, in order to promote the polymerization reaction with the above polymerization initiator.
- a thioether-based photopolymerization accelerator such as an alkylphosphine-based photopolymerization accelerator lj, p-thiodiglycol and the like may be added to the ultraviolet-curable resin. When these compounds are added, the addition amount is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the (meth) acrylate copolymer.
- At least the outermost resin layer 4 preferably contains one or both of fluorine and silicon in the resin constituting the resin layer 4, whereby the resin of the outermost layer is formed.
- the surface energy of the layer can be reduced, and as a result, the frictional resistance of the developing roller can be reduced, and the releasability of the toner can be improved, and the wear during long-term use can be reduced and the durability can be improved.
- a raw material for forming a fluorine-containing ultraviolet-curable resin or an electron beam-curable resin it is preferable to contain a fluorine-containing compound having a polymerizable double bond between carbon atoms.
- a polymerizable fluorine-containing compound having a carbon-carbon double bond consisting of only a fluorine-containing compound having an interatomic double bond and another type of compound having a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond. It may be composed of a blended composition.
- fluorine-containing compound having a polymerizable double bond between carbon atoms examples include fluorine Compounds such as oligomers containing refins as constituent materials, or fluoro (meth) acrylates are preferred.
- CH OCOCH CH, fluorine content 57% by weight], 3 _ (perfluoro-3-methyl
- COCH CH, fluorine content 52 wt 0/0], hexyl 2 _ (perfluoro -5 _ methyl
- H OCOCH CH, fluorine content 60 wt 0/0], 1H, 1H , 3H tetra Full O Ropuro
- CH OCOC (CH 2) CH, fluorine content 59% by weight], 1H, 1H, 9H
- CH OCOC (CH) CH, fluorine content 59 wt 0/0], 3- (perfluoro over 5- methylcarbamoyl
- CH OCOC (CH) CH , fluorine content 56 wt 0/0], 2- (perfluoro -7 main
- CH OCOC (CH) CH, fluorine content 57% by weight], 1H, 1H, 9H—Hexade force
- OC ⁇ C (CH 2) CH 2, fluorine content 48 weight 0 /. ], 1H, 1H, 3 ⁇ Hexafluorov
- the fluorine-containing compound having a polymerizable double bond between carbon atoms is preferably a monomer, an oligomer, or a mixture of a monomer and an oligomer.
- the oligomer is preferably a dimer to a dimer.
- Examples of other types of compounds having a polymerizable double bond between carbon atoms that may be blended with the fluorine-containing compound having a double bond between polymerizable carbon atoms are not particularly limited, , (Meth) acrylate monomers or oligomers or mixtures of monomers and oligomers are preferred.
- Examples of the (meth) acrylate monomer or oligomer include urethane (meth) acrylate, epoxy (meth) acrylate, ether (meth) acrylate, ester (meth) acrylate, and polycarbonate.
- Monomers or oligomers such as (meth) acrylates, and silicone (meth) acrylic monomers or oligomers.
- the above (meth) acrylate copolymers include polyethylene glycol, polyoxypropylene glycol, polytetramethylene ether glycol, bisphenol A type epoxy resin, phenol novolak type epoxy resin, adduct of polyhydric alcohol and ⁇ -force prolatatatone And the like, and (meth) acrylic acid, or by urethane-forming a polyisocyanate conjugate and a hydroxyl-containing (meth) atalylate conjugate.
- the urethane (meth) acrylate copolymer is obtained by urethanizing a polyol, an isocyanate compound and a (meth) acrylate compound having a hydroxyl group.
- Examples of the epoxy (meth) acrylate copolymer may be any reaction product of a compound having a glycidyl group and (meth) acrylic acid, and among them, a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, A reaction product of a compound having a cyclic structure such as a spiro ring, dicyclopentadiene or tricyclodecane and having a glycidinole group and (meth) acrylic acid is preferred.
- ether-based (meth) acrylate copolymers can be used as polyols (polyether polyols, polyester polyols, and polycarbonate polyols).
- a silicon-containing compound having a polymerizable double bond between carbon atoms is preferably contained. It is composed of only a silicon-containing compound having a polymerizable double bond between carbon atoms.It has a polymerizable silicon-containing compound having a double bond between carbon atoms and has another type of a polymerizable double bond between carbon atoms. It may be composed of a composition blended with a compound.
- silicone oils reactive at both ends silicone oils reactive at one end, and (meth) ataryloxyalkylsilanes are preferable.
- the reactive silicone oils those having a (meth) acrylic group introduced at the terminal are preferred.
- silicon-containing compounds may be used alone, or two or more of them may be used in combination. Other compounds containing a silicon-free carbon-carbon double bond may be used. [0116] Further, these silicon-containing compounds having a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond and other compounds having a silicon-free carbon-carbon double bond are preferably used as a monomer, an oligomer or a mixture of a monomer and an oligomer. Used.
- Examples of the (meth) acrylate monomer or oligomer include urethane (meth) acrylate, epoxy (meth) acrylate, ether (meth) acrylate, ester (meth) acrylate, and polycarbonate.
- Examples include (meth) acrylates, and fluorine (meth) acrylic monomers or oligomers.
- the above (meth) acrylate copolymers include polyethylene glycol, polyoxypropylene glycolone, polytetramethylene ether glycol, bisphenol A type epoxy resin, phenol novolak type epoxy resin, and adduct of polyhydric alcohol and ⁇ - caprolactatone. And the like, and (meth) acrylic acid, or by urethane-forming a polyisocyanate conjugate and a hydroxyl-containing (meth) atalylate conjugate.
- the urethane (meth) acrylate copolymer is obtained by urethanizing a polyol, an isocyanate compound and a (meth) acrylate compound having a hydroxyl group.
- Examples of the epoxy (meth) acrylate copolymer include any reaction product of a compound having a glycidinole group and (meth) acrylic acid.
- a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, A reaction product of a compound having a cyclic structure such as a spiro ring, dicyclopentadiene or tricyclodecane and having a glycidinole group and (meth) acrylic acid is preferred.
- ether (meth) acrylate copolymers, ester (meth) acrylate copolymers, and polycarbonate (meth) acrylate copolymers can be used as polyols (polyether polyols, polyester polyols, and polycarbonate polyols).
- the ultraviolet curable resin or the electron beam curable resin constituting the resin layer 4 is in addition, if necessary, various additives can be added in appropriate amounts.
- fine particles rubber or synthetic resin fine particles or carbon fine particles are preferable.
- silicone rubber acrylic resin, styrene resin, acrylic / styrene copolymer, fluororesin, urethane elastomer, urethane acrylate, melamine resin, and phenol resin are suitable.
- the amount of fine particles added is preferably 0.1 to 100 parts by weight, particularly 5 to 80 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the resin.
- the average particle diameter a of the fine particles is preferably 1 to 50 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 3 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the thickness b of the layer made of the resin in which the fine particles are dispersed is: The average particle diameter a (/ im) of the fine particles, which is preferably in the range of! To 50 zm, and the thickness b (/ im)
- the ratio a / b is preferably set to 1.0 to 50, and by setting the a / b ratio within this range, appropriate minute unevenness can be formed on the surface of the resin layer 4.
- a coating liquid composed of a composition containing the above resin component, a conductive agent, and other additives is used.
- a method of applying to the surface and irradiating ultraviolet rays in the case of an ultraviolet curable resin and irradiating an electron beam in the case of an electron beam curable resin is suitably adopted.
- the coating liquid preferably contains no solvent, or a solvent having high volatility even at room temperature may be used as the solvent.
- a dip method in which a developing roller having no resin layer in the resin liquid is immersed in the dipping liquid a spray coating method, a roll coating method, etc., are appropriately selected depending on the situation. Can be selected and used.
- any of commonly used mercury lamps, high-pressure mercury lamps, ultrahigh-pressure mercury lamps, metal halide lamps, xenon lamps, and the like can be used as a light source for irradiating ultraviolet rays.
- the conditions for the UV irradiation may be appropriately selected according to the type and application amount of the UV-curable resin, but the illuminance is 100 to 700 mWZcm 2 , About 00 to 3000 mj / cm 2 is appropriate.
- the thickness of the resin layer 4 is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 to 500/111, particularly 3 to 200 / im, and particularly preferably 5 to 100 m. If the thickness force is less than ⁇ m, it may not be possible to sufficiently secure the charging performance of the surface layer due to friction during long-term use, while if it exceeds 500 zm, the surface of the developing roller becomes hard and toner In some cases, the toner may be damaged and the toner may adhere to an image forming body such as a photoreceptor or a layering blade, resulting in an image failure.
- a semiconductive elastic layer 3 between the shaft member 2 and the resin layer 4 (the innermost resin layer when the resin layer 4 is composed of a plurality of layers).
- the elastic layer 2 an elastomer alone or an elastic body obtained by adding a conductive agent to a foam obtained by foaming the elastomer to impart conductivity is used.
- Elastomers that can be used here include, but are not limited to, toluene rubber, ethylene-propylene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, natural rubber, silicone rubber, urethane rubber, acrylic rubber, chloroprene rubber, and butyl rubber.
- epichlorohydrin rubber and these can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- ethylene-propylene rubber, butadiene rubber, silicone rubber, and urethane rubber are preferably used. Also, mixtures of these with other rubber materials are preferably used.
- a resin having a urethane bond is preferably used.
- these elastomers are also used as a foam body formed by chemically foaming with water or a foaming agent, or by foaming by mechanically entraining air such as polyurethane foam. Re, the ability to do S.
- a reaction injection molding method (RIM molding method) may be used in a molding step for integrating the shaft member 2 and the elastic layer 3. That is, the two types of monomer components constituting the raw material components of the elastic layer 3 are mixed and injected into a cylindrical mold, and a polymerization reaction is performed to integrate the shaft member 2 and the elastic layer 3.
- the molding process can be performed in about 60 seconds, which is the time required from the injection of the raw material to the demolding, so that the production cost can be significantly reduced.
- the conductive agent blended in the semiconductive elastic layer 3 includes the conductive agent blended in the resin layer.
- the same can be used.
- the conductive agent to be blended in the resin layer is essentially a carbon-based conductive agent.
- the conductive agent to be blended in the elastic layer may not include a carbon-based conductive agent.
- An electronic conductive agent other than the shape may be used alone, or a mixture of these may be used.
- the volume resistivity of the semiconductive elastic layer 3 is 10 3 to 10 1 ° 0.1, especially 10 due to the blending of the conductive agent. Les, preferably between 4 and 10 8 Q cm. If the volume resistivity is less than 10 3 ⁇ cm, the charge may leak to the latent image holding member, or the developing roller itself may be damaged by the voltage. If it exceeds, sufficient developing bias cannot be obtained, and ground fogging tends to occur.
- a crosslinking agent and a vulcanizing agent can be added to the elastic layer 3 in order to convert the elastomer into a rubber-like substance.
- a vulcanization aid, a vulcanization accelerator, a vulcanization acceleration aid, a vulcanization retarder, and the like can be used in both cases of organic peroxide crosslinking and sulfur crosslinking.
- peptizing agents, foaming agents, plasticizers, softeners, tackifiers, antiblocking agents, separating agents, release agents, extenders, and coloring agents that are commonly used as rubber compounding agents other than those described above. Etc. can be added.
- the hardness of the elastic layer 3 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 80 degrees or less, particularly 30 to 70 degrees in Asker C hardness. In this case, if the hardness exceeds 80 degrees, the original function of the elastic layer, which relieves the stress applied to the developing roller and the toner, cannot be exhibited.For example, the contact area between the developing roller and the latent image holding member is small. And good development may not be performed. Further, the toner is damaged, and the toner adheres to the photoreceptor and the layered blade. Conversely, if the hardness is too low, the frictional force with the photoreceptor or the layered blade increases, and image defects such as jitter may occur.
- the elastic layer 3 is used in contact with a photoreceptor, a layered blade, or the like, even when the hardness is set to a low hardness, it is preferable to reduce the compression set as much as possible. It is preferable to set it to 20% or less.
- the surface roughness of the elastic layer 3 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 15 ⁇ mRz or less in JIS 10-point average roughness, particularly preferably 1 to 10 x mRz. If the surface roughness exceeds 15 ⁇ mRz, the thickness of the toner layer of the one-component developer (toner) and the uniformity of charging may be impaired. By setting the force to 15 AimRz or less, the adhesion of the toner can be improved, and the image deterioration due to the wear of the roller during long-term use can be more reliably prevented.
- the surface of the elastic layer 3 may be polished.
- providing a polishing step greatly deteriorates productivity and causes an increase in cost. Therefore, it is preferable to optimize the surface roughness of the molding when molding the elastic body and use it as it is.
- the developing roller 1 of the present invention preferably has a volume resistivity of 10 3 to: IC ⁇ Q cm, particularly preferably 10 4 to 10 8 Q cm.
- the volume resistivity is less than 10 3 ⁇ cm, gradation control becomes extremely difficult, and a bias leak may occur when an image forming member such as a photoreceptor has a defect.
- the volume resistivity exceeds 101 QQ cm, for example, when developing the toner on a latent image carrier such as a photosensitive body, the developing bias is applied due to the high resistance of the developing roller itself, which is the toner carrier. As a result, a sufficient developing bias for development cannot be secured, and a sufficient image density cannot be obtained.
- the resistance value is measured by, for example, pressing the outer peripheral surface of the developing roller against a flat or cylindrical counter electrode at a predetermined pressure, applying a voltage of 100 V between the shaft member 2 and the counter electrode, and measuring the current at that time. It can be obtained from the value.
- the resistance value of the developing roller which is important in maintaining an appropriate and uniform electric field strength for toner movement.
- the surface charge holding ability is usually examined by measuring the surface resistance by arranging a pair of electrodes on the surface of the developing roller and applying a constant voltage between the two electrodes. Therefore, it is impossible to accurately evaluate the surface of the developing roller because it flows not inside the developing roller but also inside the developing roller.
- the first preferred approach to this problem is 22 ° C, 50 ° C. / oRH measurement environment
- a voltage of 8 kV is applied to the corona discharger placed at a distance of 1 mm from the surface of the developing roller to generate a corona discharge and charge the surface, the charge is reduced from 0.
- the surface charge retention ability is evaluated based on the absolute value of the surface potential decay rate up to 2 seconds, and the absolute value of the surface potential decay rate should be 0.1 l [VZsec] or more.
- the surface potential decay rate is less than 0.1 [VZsec]
- the surface charge gradually accumulates during continuous operation, and the toner charge amount on the developing roller exceeds a predetermined value.
- the effective developing bias exceeds the potential of the white background portion of the photoreceptor during image formation by the development process, high voltage fogging occurs on the white printing portion.
- the electric field generated by the toner charging exceeds the maximum value, discharge occurs between the toner and a latent image holding member such as a photoconductor, and an image defect may occur.
- the polarity charged by corona discharge may be either positive or negative.
- the surface potential decay rate by corona charging may be 0.1 [V / sec] or more. More preferably, the surface potential decay rate is 0.15 to: 10 [V / sec].
- the attenuation of the potential of the developing roller surface will be briefly described.
- plotting the time t [sec] versus the logarithm logV of the surface potential leads to a linear relationship in the charge decay curve, and the relaxation time (time constant) can be set from the slope of this line.
- the attenuation curve of the actual developing roller does not have a linear relationship as shown in FIG. This is probably because the decay time constant shows the voltage dependence of the residual surface potential.
- the rotational peripheral speed of the developing roller is about 0.4 sec / l in many cases, and the charge decay rate in an extremely short time is considered to be an important characteristic.
- the time from the subsequent time until scraping by the toner application roller is about 0.2 sec, so the surface potential decay rate until 0.2 sec after the surface is charged is a particularly important characteristic. .
- the value of the surface potential after 0.1 second was set as the initial value, and the table A method of linearly approximating the surface potential value by the least squares method and obtaining the surface potential decay rate from the slope can be adopted.
- the application of charge to the developing roller and the measurement of the surface potential can be performed, for example, by the apparatus shown in FIG. That is, by holding both ends of the shaft member 2 of the developing roller 1 with the chuck 11 and supporting the developing roller 1, a small corotron discharger (corona discharger) 12 and a surface potentiometer 13 are shown in FIG. As shown in the example, the measuring units 14 arranged side by side at predetermined intervals are arranged to face the surface of the developing roller 1 with a gap of l mm, and the measuring unit 14 is developed while the developing roller 1 is kept stationary. A method of measuring the surface potential while applying a surface charge by moving the one end force in the length direction of the roller 1 to the other end at a constant speed is suitably adopted.
- the surface potential decay rate of the resin layer formed as described above must be 0.1 l [V / SeC ] or more. It is preferable that there is. Even if the surface potential decay rate is less than 0.1 [V / sec], the surface potential decay rate can be reduced to 0 ⁇ by reducing the thickness of the resin layer to, for example, 3 to 10 ⁇ . l A developing roller of [V / sec] or more can be realized.
- a voltage of 8 kV is applied to a corona discharger arranged at a distance of 1 mm from the surface of the developing roller. Is applied to generate a corona discharge to charge the surface, evaluate the surface charge retention ability by the maximum value of the surface potential 0.35 seconds later, and set the maximum value to 90 V or less, more preferably 50 V or less. And In this case, if the maximum value exceeds 90 V, the toner is supplied to the image forming body, and when the toner is removed from the surface of the developing roller, the electric charge in that portion stays there without escaping.
- the charge amount of the toner charged next in the same portion is low.
- the potential generated by the residual charge causes a variation in the effective developing bias, and the toner development amount becomes non-uniform, so that the possibility of causing image unevenness increases.
- the developing roller continuously rotates without supplying the toner to the latent image holding member the toner charge gradually increases, and in some cases, the electric field generated by the toner charging exceeds the maximum value, so that the photosensitive member is charged. In some cases, a discharge occurs between the latent image holding member and the like, resulting in image defects.
- the reason why the surface potential was measured 0.335 seconds after charging due to the occurrence of corona discharge is as follows.
- the rotation speed is usually 0.35 secZl rotation, and the control of the residual charges on the surface may be performed in this time.
- the maximum surface potential of the developing roller can be measured, for example, by using the device shown in Fig. 4 as described above.
- the ultraviolet-curable resin composition or the electron beam-curable resin composition forming the resin layer is coated on one surface of a metal plate such as a copper plate or a SUS plate with a thickness of 30 xm after curing.
- a metal plate such as a copper plate or a SUS plate with a thickness of 30 xm after curing.
- the maximum surface potential measured in the same manner as described above of the resin layer formed by applying and curing by irradiating ultraviolet rays or electron beams is 150 V or less, particularly 90 V or less.
- an appropriate amount of an appropriate conductive agent may be blended with the ultraviolet curable resin or the electron beam curable resin composition. .
- the resin layer formed as described above has a maximum surface potential of 150 V or less. Even if the maximum surface potential exceeds 150V, a developing roller having a maximum surface potential of 90V or less can be realized by reducing the thickness of the resin layer to, for example, 3 to 10 / im.
- the present applicant suppressed grinding of a developing roller caused by a toner mass caused by toner damage, and prevented toner leakage. And a developing roller capable of stably obtaining a good image in a use environment in which image defects are liable to occur conventionally, such as during long-term storage and long-term use, and a developing roller.
- the proposed image forming apparatus has been proposed.
- the wear of the developing roller is caused by the fact that a toner lump enters a portion where the developing roller and the sealant of the toner cartridge are in pressure contact with each other, and this constantly promotes grinding during operation of the developing roller. This is because, while the developing roller is at rest, deformation occurs at the press-contact portion, and immediately after the operation, a small gap is generated between the sealants due to residual deformation. appear.
- the surface properties of the developing roller are set to universal.
- the specific creep value obtained by measuring the deformation recovery behavior of the surface under a constant load measurement condition when measuring the hardness so as to fall within a specific range the toner mass between the developer port and the sealant can be adjusted. Suppresses ingress, prevents wear of the developing roller and the resulting toner leakage, and stably obtains good images in use environments where image defects are likely to occur, such as during long-term storage and long-term use. be able to.
- a quadrangular pyramid or triangular pyramid-shaped indenter is pushed into an object to be measured while applying a predetermined test load, and the surface area of the indenter in contact with the object to be measured is determined from the depth of the indentation. From the determined surface area and test load At this time, after the indenter is pushed into the object under constant load measurement conditions, a constant load environment is maintained, and then the load on the indenter is gradually reduced, so that the object The difference in the indenter position between the initial stage and the final stage, which is caused by plastic deformation, can be obtained.
- this difference is referred to as “60-second creep value under 100 mN / mm 2 constant load measurement condition”.
- This creep value is caused by plastic deformation of the developing roller by the above-mentioned deformation recovery behavior measurement.
- a commercially available hardness measuring device such as a micro hardness meter H-100V manufactured by Fischer is used. Based on the value obtained by the universal hardness measurement using the method, it is possible to standardize the penetration of the toner mass between the developing roller and the sealant, and furthermore, the degree of abrasion of the developing roller.
- the developing roller and the image forming apparatus disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-40801 have been created based on such knowledge, and carry a toner on the surface to form a thin film of the toner.
- the developing roller forms a visible image by contacting or approaching the latent image holding member and supplying toner to the surface of the latent image holding member.
- the current image roller characterized in that 100 mN / mm 2 60 seconds creep value obtained from the deformation recovery behavior of the surface at a constant load measurement conditions is less than 10. 0 mu m
- a developing roller developing An image forming apparatus includes at least a latent image holding member that forms a visible image formed by a toner supplied from a roller on a surface thereof.
- the developing roller 1 is developed by optimizing the 60-second creep value under a constant load measurement condition of 100 mN / mm 2 required when measuring the universal hardness of the outer peripheral surface of the developing roller. It is preferable that plastic deformation of the roller is suppressed, toner mass is prevented from entering between the developing roller sealants, and toner leakage is prevented.
- the universal hardness is a physical property value obtained by pushing an indenter into a measurement object while applying a load
- the measurement of the universal hardness can be performed using a commercially available hardness measuring device such as an ultra-micro hardness meter H-100V manufactured by Fischer. This measuring device uses a square or triangular pyramid The indenter is pushed into the object under test while applying a test load, and when the indentation reaches a specified indentation depth, the indentation depth force is determined, and the surface area in contact with the indenter is determined. is there.
- the indenter When such a universal hardness is measured, the indenter is gradually pushed up to a predetermined load, and the indenter is pushed into the object to be measured. Then, a constant load environment is maintained, and the force, By reducing the load of the indenter after the test, the residual (cleave value) in the deformation of the surface of the measured object can be obtained. That is, if the object to be measured is a completely elastic body, the load is increased and the indenter is pushed into the surface of the object to be measured, and then the load of the indenter is reduced and removed. As a result, the indenter returns to the original position, that is, the position at the indentation depth of 0.
- the object to be measured is a completely plastic body, then even if the load is removed after the indenter is pushed in, the surface of the object to be measured will remain in the indented state, and the indenter will not return to its original position .
- the amount of plastic deformation of the object to be measured can be obtained under standardized conditions under arbitrary measurement conditions from the difference between the positions at the start and end of the measurement.
- a 60-second creep value obtained in deformation recovery behavior measurement of the developing roller outer circumferential surface at lOOmN / mm 2 constant-load measuring conditions in the universal hardness measured 10 ⁇ O / im or less For example, it is preferable to adjust the surface of the developing roller so that the value is not more than 0.:! ⁇ 10 ⁇ 0/im, preferably not more than 8.5 ⁇ / im.
- the conditions for measuring this creep value are not particularly limited except for the maximum load and the creep time at the maximum load.
- the force S can be appropriately set according to the shape of the indenter, the measuring device, and the like. . Even when the maximum load is changed, it can be similarly applied as an evaluation criterion by appropriately modifying the specified value of the creep value.
- a type of toner binder styrene-acrylic copolymer resin or polyester resin
- H_100V When measuring using a small hardness tester H_100V, the following conditions can be exemplified. That is, the indenter is pushed into the developing roller under the following conditions, a predetermined load is held for about 60 seconds, the load is removed, and the creep value can be calculated by a computer.
- An example of measurement conditions is
- Indenter square pyramidal diamond with a facing angle of 136 degrees
- the universal hardness is a physical property value obtained by pushing an indenter into a measurement object while applying a load
- the unit is expressed in N / mm 2 .
- the measurement of the universal hardness can be performed using a commercially available hardness measuring device such as an ultra-micro hardness meter H-100V manufactured by Fischer.
- a quadrangular or triangular pyramid-shaped indenter is pushed into the object under test while applying a test load, and when a predetermined indentation depth is reached, the indentation depth force
- the universal hardness is determined from the above equation. That is, when the indenter is pushed into the object under constant load measurement conditions, the stress at that time with respect to the pushed depth is defined as universal hardness.
- the developing roller 1 is preferably the universal hardness at measurement conditions 100mNZmm 2 Z6 0 seconds in the universal hardness measurements to adjust the front surface of the developing roller so as to 3N / mm 2 or less members More preferably, this should be 0: !! to 3 N / mm 2 , particularly preferably 0 ::! To 1.5 N / mm 2 .
- the developing roller 1 of the present invention has the measurement conditions defined above in the vicinity of its surface, preferably within a range of 5 ⁇ from the surface (that is, the constant load imprinted caloric speed 100/60 ( mN / mm 2 / sec)), the universal hardness is preferably 3 NZmm 2 or less, as described above.
- the universal hardness exceeds 3 NZmm 2 , it is difficult to obtain a stable, high-quality image for a long period of time due to large deterioration of the toner.
- the universal hardness determined under the above conditions is an index for directly evaluating the hardness in a region preferably within 5 ⁇ m from the outer peripheral surface of the developing roller 1, and determines the physical properties of the developing roller. This is extremely effective.
- the deterioration of the toner can be suppressed by reducing the stress when the surface of the developing roller that reduces the stress due to the minute deformation is deformed by 5 ⁇ m to the above-mentioned value or less.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a developing roller according to a modification.
- a semiconductive elastic layer 3 is formed on the outer periphery of the shaft member 2, and a semiconductive elastic layer 3 is further formed on the elastic layer 3.
- the resin layer 38 is formed, the elastic layer 3 is not an essential component.
- the shaft member 2 includes a hollow cylindrical metal pipe 5 and caps 6 with respective shafts attached to both ends of the metal pipe 5.
- the cap 6 is provided with a shaft portion 6a that constitutes both ends in the longitudinal direction of the shaft member 2, and is supported by a roller support portion (not shown) of the image forming apparatus. Is done.
- the shaft member 2 is made of metal and has good conductivity.
- the metal material used for the shaft member 2 is not particularly limited, but, for example, iron, stainless steel, aluminum and alloys containing these can be used.
- the configuration may be the same as that described above.
- the resin layer 38 is formed of two layers adjacent to each other inside and outside in the radial direction, and the volume resistivity of the first resin layer 38B located inside in the radial direction is 10 6 ⁇ 'cm.
- the volume resistivity of the second resin layer 38A located on the outer side in the radial direction is set to be not less than lO ⁇ 'cm.
- At least one of these resin layers 38A and 38B was used as a thermosetting resin when the coating liquid comprising the resin constituting these layers was applied and cured in the manufacturing process.
- a conductive agent is added to an ultraviolet curable resin that can be cured by irradiating ultraviolet rays or electron beams, or an electron beam curable resin. It is composed of those that are contained.
- the configuration other than that the resin layer 38 includes the first resin layer 38B and the second resin layer 38A is the same as that described in the above-described embodiment. Is omitted.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing the developing roller of this embodiment.
- the developing roller 1B has a semiconductive elastic layer 3 formed on the outer periphery of the shaft member 2, and further has a layer formed on the elastic layer 3. Although the semiconductive resin layer 39 is formed, the elastic layer 3 is not an essential component.
- the shaft member 2 includes a hollow cylindrical metal pipe 5 and caps 6 each having a shaft attached to both ends of the metal pipe 5.
- the shaft member 6 is provided with a shaft portion 6a that constitutes both ends in the length direction of the shaft member 2, and is supported by a roller supporting portion (not shown) of the image forming apparatus.
- the shaft member 2 is made of metal and has good conductivity.
- the metal material used for the shaft member 2 is not particularly limited, but, for example, iron, stainless steel, aluminum, an alloy containing these, and the like can be used.
- the configuration may be the same as that shown.
- the resin layer 39 can be composed of one layer or a plurality of layers having different materials and physical properties from each other.
- the resin layer 39 is composed of two layers.
- At least one of the resin layers 39A and 39B was used as a thermosetting resin when a coating liquid composed of a resin constituting these layers was applied and cured in the manufacturing process.
- a conductive agent is added to an ultraviolet curable resin that can be cured by irradiating ultraviolet rays or electron beams, or an electron beam curable resin. It is preferable to be constituted by containing.
- the developing roller 1B of the embodiment shown in Fig. 9 is characterized by dispersing fine particles in the resin layer 39, whereby fine irregularities are formed on the surface of the resin layer 39, and the outer periphery is formed.
- the resin layer 39 is composed of two layers 39A and 39B, and is preferably formed only on the first resin layer 39B on the inner side in the radial direction.
- the structure is such that fine particles are dispersed and fine particles are not dispersed in the radially outer second resin layer 39A, whereby the fine particles of the first resin layer 39B impart a desired surface roughness to the developing roller.
- the second resin layer 39A the fine particles in the first resin layer 39B can be directly exposed to the surface of the developing roller, and the fine particles can be prevented from falling off. Roughness can be maintained for a long time.
- fine particles of rubber or synthetic resin or fine carbon particles are preferable.
- silicone rubber acrylic resin, styrene resin, acryl / styrene copolymer, fluororesin, urethane elastomer, urethane
- urethane One or more of atalylate, melamine resin and phenol resin are suitable.
- the added amount of the fine particles is preferably 0.1 to: 100 parts by weight, particularly preferably 5 to 80 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the resin.
- the average particle diameter of the fine particles is preferably from! To 50 ⁇ m, particularly preferably from 3 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the total thickness b of the resin layer 4 is preferably in the range of:! To 50 xm.
- the ratio of the average particle diameter a (111) of the fine particles to the total thickness 1) (111) & // 1) is preferably set to 1.0 to 5.0. By setting this range, it is possible to form optimal minute unevenness on the surface of the resin layer 39.
- the thickness of the second resin layer 39A is 1 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the surface roughness formed by the fine particles of the first resin layer 39B is faithfully reflected on the surface of the developing roller, and the fine particles of the first resin layer 39B are directly exposed to the surface of the developing roller. Can be prevented.
- the resin layer 39 may be mixed with a conductive agent for the purpose of controlling its conductivity.
- the resin layer 39 is made of a first resin layer 39B made of a resin in which fine particles are dispersed and a second resin layer.
- the volume resistivity of the first resin layer 39B be 10 6 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less and the volume resistivity of the second resin layer 39A be 10 1 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more.
- an electronic conductive agent As the conductive agent to be mixed with the resin of the resin layers 39A and 39B, an electronic conductive agent, an ionic conductive agent, or the like is used.
- the developing rollers 1, 1A, and IB of the present invention can be incorporated in an image forming apparatus using toner.
- a toner supply roller 94 for supplying toner is provided.
- a developing roller 91 is disposed between the photosensitive drum 95 and the photosensitive drum 95 holding the electrostatic latent image, with a small gap 92 formed between the photosensitive drum 95 and the developing roller 91.
- the drum 95 and the toner supply roller 94 By rotating the drum 95 and the toner supply roller 94 in the directions of the arrows in the figure, and applying a predetermined voltage between the photosensitive drum 95 and the developing roller 91, the toner 96 is supplied by the toner supply roller 94.
- the toner is supplied to the surface of the developing roller 91, and is formed into a uniform thin layer by the layering blade 97.
- the toner 96 formed in the thin layer flies over the gap 92 to the photosensitive drum 95 to visualize the latent image. . Note that the details of FIG. 1 have been described in the background art, so description thereof will be omitted.
- a resin layer is formed directly on a shaft member made of an aluminum pipe, or when the developing roller has an elastic layer, an elastic layer is formed on the shaft member.
- a developing roller having the structure shown in FIG. 3 was fabricated and used as an example, and for the purpose of comparison with the developing roller of the example, a part of the structure of the present invention was adopted.
- Developing rollers having different values were prepared as comparative examples. For the developing rollers of these examples and comparative examples, measurement and evaluation of roller characteristics and image evaluation were performed.
- Example la ⁇ Regarding 13a and comparative examples la ⁇ 3a, Table 6 (Material table) and Tables 7 and 8 (Specification-Evaluation table)
- Example lb to: lib and Comparative Examples lb and 2b are shown in Table 9 (Material Table) and Tables 10 and 11 (Specifications / Evaluation Table).
- Examples lc to 9c and comparative examples lc to 3c are shown in Table 12 (Material Table) and Tables 13 and 14 (Specifications' Evaluation Table).
- Example Id ⁇ Regarding 10d and Comparative Example Id, Table 15 (Material Table) and Tables 16 and 17 (Specifications / Evaluation Table)
- Table 18 (Material Table) and Tables 19 and 20 (Specifications / Evaluation Table)
- Example lh 10h and Comparative Example lh are shown in Table 27 (Material Table) and Tables 28 and 29 (Specifications' Evaluation Table), respectively.
- the materials in the above-mentioned material tables corresponding to the respective examples and comparative examples were blended in the above-described specifications and in the parts by weight shown in "Blending (parts by weight)" in the evaluation table.
- a coating made of the compounded resin material was applied by a roll coater (coater method), and thereafter, this was cured by heat (heating or air drying), ultraviolet curing, or electron beam curing.
- 1,4-butane is added to 100 parts by weight of polyether polyol (OH value 33) having a molecular weight of 5,000 by adding propylene oxide and ethylene oxide to glycerin.
- polyether polyol 1.0 part by weight of diol, 1.5 parts by weight of silicone surfactant, 0.5 parts by weight of nickel acetyl acetate, 0.01 parts by weight of dibutyltin dilaurate and 0.011 parts by weight of sodium perchlorate.
- the resulting mixture was mixed with a mixer to prepare a polyol composition.
- the elastic layer is made of silicone
- liquid silicone rubber is injected into the cavity of the mold in which the shaft member is inserted, and cooled and cured in the mold to reduce the outer diameter.
- the toner charge amount and the toner transport amount in the above-mentioned specification and evaluation table were obtained as follows. In other words, the cartridge with each of the developing rollers shown in the table is installed in the image forming apparatus, the developing roller is idled without printing, the cartridge is removed, and the toner on the developing roller surface is taken into the Faraday gauge.
- the weight of the removed toner is measured, and the area of the developing roller surface portion from which the toner is removed is calculated. The toner weight per area was determined and used as the toner transport amount.
- the image evaluation was performed as follows. That is, the developing roller of each of the examples and the comparative example was attached to the commercially available printer having the non-magnetic jumping type developing unit shown in FIG. 1, and a developing bias voltage in which alternating current was superimposed on direct current was applied. Reversal jumping development was performed using a negatively charged non-magnetic one-component toner having an average particle diameter of 7 ⁇ m.
- ⁇ initial '' image evaluation immediately after the developing roller is mounted, a full black background image, a full white background image, a halftone image, and a pattern image are printed, and the print image quality is visually determined for each evaluation item in the table. The results of the judgment were represented by a five-point scale.
- the resistance value when a voltage of 100 V was applied between the developing roller and the counter electrode (metal drum) was measured using the rotational resistance measuring device shown in FIG.
- Examples lg to 10 g and Comparative Example lg were prepared by using the apparatus shown in FIG. 4, applying a voltage of 8 kV to the roller, charging the roller surface by corona discharge, and setting the measuring unit 14 to 200 g. It was moved at a speed of mmZsec, and the surface potential was measured until 0.2 seconds later. The shape and dimensions of the measurement unit are as shown in Fig. 5. This method allows you to measure the entire roller surface. Then, the surface potential decay rate from 0.1 seconds to 0.2 seconds after the corona charging was determined. The measurement environment was controlled at a temperature of 22 ° C and a humidity of 50%.
- the measurement unit 14 was moved at a speed of 200 mm / sec, and the surface potential was measured 0.35 seconds after the corona charging. .
- the shape and dimensions of the measuring unit in this case are also as shown in FIG. By this method, the entire roller surface was measured, and the maximum value was taken as the value of the surface potential.
- the measurement environment was controlled at a temperature of 22 ° C and a humidity of 50%.
- Fine particles Urethane particles CFB101-40 (Dainippon Ink and Chemicals)
- Example la Example 2a Example 3a Example 4a Example 5a Example 6a Example 7a Fine 8a Base resin 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
- Toner transport amount (mg / cm 2 ) 0.28 0.22 0.37 0.35 0.24 0.3 0.34 0.35
- Example 9a Example 10a Example 11a Example 12a Example 13a Comparative Example la Comparative Example 2a Comparative Example 3a Base Resin 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
- Toner transport amount (mg / cm 2 ) 0.39 0.33 0.29 0.13 0.36 0.3 0.31
- Toner transport amount (mg / cm 2 ) 0.26 0.32 0.24 0.24 0.32 0.34 0.34
- Example lc Example 2c
- Example 3c Example 4c
- Example 5c Example 6c
- Polymerization initiator (long wavelength) Acrylphosphinite 'IRGACURE819 (to Chiha's; Charity Chemicals) Maximum wavelength: 430nm Polymerization initiator (short wavelength) ⁇ -Hydroxy ketone IRGACURE184 Charity Chemicals) Maximum wavelength: 300nm
- Fragrance agent 0 (heavy
- Polymerization initiator (short wavelength) 2.5-2.5-2.5 Carbon conductive agent 1 C2-2.5-2.5-Ionic conductive agent 5-5--Solvent 1 S2 (*) (*)--(*) Layer thickness (/ / m) 50 70 15 20 10 Form Coating Film Dip Dip Coater Coater Dip Method Coating Curing UV Ultraviolet Electron Beam Ultraviolet Elastic Layer Presence / Type None None None None None None Resistance ( ⁇ ) 7 10 6 3 10 4 1 10 6 lx lO 4 10 7 Initial surface roughness R iz m) 2.2 1.9 2.8 2.9 1.8 Creep value ( ⁇ ⁇ ) 5.1 6.8 1.2 2 3.2 Roller
- Toner transport amount (mg m 2 ) 0.25 0.23 0.28 0.3 0.22
- Example 6e Example 7e
- Example 8e Base resin 1 RA
- Amount of toner transport (mg m 2 ) 0.37 0.34 0.12
- Second polymerization initiator (long wavelength) 1 5 5-parts)
- Resin layer Polymerization initiator (short wavelength) 1 2.5-2.5
- Toner transport amount (mg /: m) 0.27 0.24 0.22 0.26 0.26
- Example 6f Example 7f
- Example 8f Example 9f Comparative Example If Combination Base Resin RA 100
- Resin layer (short wavelength) 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5-None
- Toner transport amount (mg / cm 2 ) 0.23 0.37 0.36 0.15 0.3
- Example is Example 3 ⁇ 4 Example 3s Example 4g Example 5g Example 6g Formulation Base resin RA
- Polymerization initiator (short wavelength)-2.5-2.5-
- Solvent 1 S2 (*) (*) (*) (*) (*)-layer thickness m) 40 20 40 50 15 20 Coating Dip Dip Coating Method Dip Dip Dip Coater Co Coating Curing Heating Heating UV ray Ultraviolet ray Electron beam Presence ⁇ None None None None None None Resistance ( ⁇ ) 7 x l0 4 3 x 10 '10 "lx lO 4 8 10 ° 7 10 3 Initial surface roughness Rz ii Hl) 2.5 2.8 2.4 2.0 3 3.5 Electric decay rate (V / sec)> 10 0.5 ⁇ 10> 10 0.3> 10
- Toner transport amount (ms / cm 2 ) 0.27 0.28 0.25 0.24 0.29 0.33
- the developing roller according to the present invention can be used for an image forming apparatus such as a plain paper copier, a plain paper facsimile machine, a laser beam printer, a color laser beam printer, and a toner jet printer. It is preferably used as a supply roller or the like.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Dry Development In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
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US11/629,180 US7907878B2 (en) | 2004-06-09 | 2005-06-08 | Developing roller and imaging apparatus using the same |
JP2006514538A JPWO2005121905A1 (ja) | 2004-06-09 | 2005-06-08 | 現像ローラおよびそれを用いた画像形成装置 |
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JP2004-171410 | 2004-06-09 | ||
JP2004-171519 | 2004-06-09 | ||
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JP2004171353 | 2004-06-09 | ||
JP2004-171360 | 2004-06-09 | ||
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JP2004171410 | 2004-06-09 | ||
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JP2007206442A (ja) * | 2006-02-02 | 2007-08-16 | Bridgestone Corp | 導電性弾性ローラ及びそれを備えた画像形成装置 |
JP2007206438A (ja) * | 2006-02-02 | 2007-08-16 | Bridgestone Corp | 導電性弾性ローラ及びそれを備えた画像形成装置 |
EP2073068A4 (en) * | 2006-10-05 | 2012-05-23 | Bridgestone Corp | CONDUCTIVE ELASTIC ROLL AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS EMPLOYING THE SAME |
JP2016110121A (ja) * | 2014-11-28 | 2016-06-20 | キヤノン株式会社 | 電子写真用導電性部材、プロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真画像形成装置 |
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Also Published As
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JPWO2005121905A1 (ja) | 2008-04-10 |
US20070177909A1 (en) | 2007-08-02 |
US7907878B2 (en) | 2011-03-15 |
JP2011065188A (ja) | 2011-03-31 |
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