WO2005121408A2 - Verfahren zur herstellung von peroxodisulfaten in wässriger lösung - Google Patents

Verfahren zur herstellung von peroxodisulfaten in wässriger lösung Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005121408A2
WO2005121408A2 PCT/EP2005/006008 EP2005006008W WO2005121408A2 WO 2005121408 A2 WO2005121408 A2 WO 2005121408A2 EP 2005006008 W EP2005006008 W EP 2005006008W WO 2005121408 A2 WO2005121408 A2 WO 2005121408A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrolysis
electrodes
diamond
bipolar
coated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2005/006008
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2005121408A3 (de
Inventor
Wolfgang Thiele
Hans-Jürgen KRAMER
Hans-Jürgen FÖRSTER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
United Initiators GmbH and Co KG
United Initiators Inc
Original Assignee
United Initiators GmbH and Co KG
United Initiators Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by United Initiators GmbH and Co KG, United Initiators Inc filed Critical United Initiators GmbH and Co KG
Priority to DE502005001500T priority Critical patent/DE502005001500D1/de
Priority to BRPI0511816-6A priority patent/BRPI0511816B1/pt
Priority to JP2007513875A priority patent/JP4852037B2/ja
Priority to EP05756088A priority patent/EP1753894B1/de
Priority to US11/569,464 priority patent/US20070187254A1/en
Publication of WO2005121408A2 publication Critical patent/WO2005121408A2/de
Publication of WO2005121408A3 publication Critical patent/WO2005121408A3/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to US13/027,672 priority patent/US20110132771A1/en
Priority to US15/062,836 priority patent/US9840783B2/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/28—Per-compounds
    • C25B1/30—Peroxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/22—Inorganic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/28—Per-compounds
    • C25B1/29—Persulfates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
    • C25B11/036—Bipolar electrodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
    • C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
    • C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
    • C25B11/052—Electrodes comprising one or more electrocatalytic coatings on a substrate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
    • C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
    • C25B11/055—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material
    • C25B11/057—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material consisting of a single element or compound
    • C25B11/059—Silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
    • C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
    • C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
    • C25B11/075—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
    • C25B9/73—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
    • C25B9/73—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type
    • C25B9/75—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type having bipolar electrodes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the production or regeneration of peroxodisulfuric acid and its salts by electrolysis of an aqueous solution containing sulfuric acid and / or metal sulfates.
  • metal sulfates includes sulfates of metals such as zinc, nickel or iron as well as sulfates of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or ammonium sulfate.
  • alkali sulfates or alkaline earth sulfates can be used as metal sulfates, alkali sulfates or ammonium sulfate are preferably used.
  • Mixtures are also used Various metal sulfates, such as magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate or also nickel or iron sulfate, can be used, preferably in the regeneration of etching and pickling solutions.
  • diamond-coated electrodes made of valve metals, preferably of niobium, or of ceramic materials, preferably of silicon, can be used for the production of peroxodisulfates of the alkali metals and ammonium [DE 199 48 184.9, DE 100 19 683].
  • the diamond layer is made conductive by doping with a trivalent or pentavalent element, preferably with boron.
  • bipolar electrolysis cell Another possibility of the prior art to build up electrolysis cells with a sufficiently large current capacity consists in the series connection of a larger number of bipolar silicon diamond electrodes.
  • Such a bipolar electrolysis cell is proposed in FR 2790268 B1, in which the bipolar electrodes consist of a ceramic substrate which is completely covered with a diamond film.
  • this cell is not specifically proposed for the production of peroxodisulfates, but for applications for pollutant degradation or water disinfection.
  • EP 1 254 972 proposes an electrolytic cell construction which is suitable for different applications and which can be monopolar or bipolar, as an undivided or divided cell.
  • the bipolar version again uses only diamond-coated silicon wafer electrodes on both sides.
  • these cells with silicon electrodes coated on both sides with diamond and the relatively complex cell construction can only be used effectively for small persulfate throughputs. If you want to increase the throughput in technically relevant areas by using a larger number of bipolar single cells, this design leads to a reduction in yield due to the strongly increasing leakage currents in the supply and discharge lines with the total voltage.
  • the object on which the present invention is based was therefore to provide a process for the production or regeneration of peroxodisulfuric acid and / or its salts, the disadvantages of the previous processes and electrolysis cells shown being at least partially be avoided wisely. It has been found that peroxodisulfates can advantageously be produced in undivided or divided electrolysis cells in a simple manner using bipolar silicon electrodes coated on one side with doped diamond, the uncoated silicon backsides acting directly as cathodes.
  • the coating of the silicon electrode has a thickness of approximately 1 to approximately 20 ⁇ m, preferably approximately 5 ⁇ m.
  • the bipolar electrodes according to the invention not only enable high persulfate formation rates to be achieved, but can also be achieved with the lowest possible cell voltages and thus low specific electrical energy consumption.
  • this is based on the knowledge that the cathodic load frees the initially poorly conductive oxide layers from the cathodic load and that they can still be kept completely free in the course of the electrolysis.
  • the endurance test cf. Example 1 it could be demonstrated that the cell voltage decreases even further with increasing operating time, whereas a reversed tendency can be observed in the diamond-coated silicon electrodes of the prior art which are bonded onto a metal base due to the increasing corrosion.
  • the method according to the invention thus advantageously enables the production of peroxodisulfuric acid and / or its salts on a real bipolar electrode with high current efficiency and low electrical energy consumption, although only the low conductive silicon is used as the cathode. In addition, there are no costs for a cathode coating.
  • bipolar silicon electrodes coated on one side with diamond according to the invention is the lower catalytic activity of the silicon back side in comparison with a metallized electrode back side, e.g. made of platinum or stainless steel. It was found that this results in lower reduction losses in peroxodisulfate when electrolysis is carried out in an undivided electrolysis cell. In the case of undivided cells, this means that the increase in the peroxodisulfate concentration increases somewhat more steeply with the duration of the electrolysis and that the achievable final concentration is higher than when using a metallized cathode under otherwise the same electrolysis conditions.
  • the process according to the invention for the production of peroxodisulfuric acid and / or its salts can be carried out both in undivided electrolysis cells and in electrolysis cells which are divided, for example by means of ion exchange membranes or porous diaphragms.
  • the bipolar, one-sided diamond-coated silicon electrodes according to the invention are particularly suitable for relatively simple undivided electrolysis cells, as are described, for example, in DE G 200 05 681.6 for the disinfection of water. It is advantageous for the current input if the monopolar edge anodes from one diamond-coated valve metal.
  • valve metal denotes a metal which, when anodically polarized, is coated with an oxide layer which does not become conductive even at high voltages. When connected as an anode, the metal blocks. When connected as a cathode, the oxide layer dissolves and current flows somewhat uninhibited. Valve metals behave like a rectifier with different polarity. Examples of suitable valve metals are, for example, tantalum, titanium, niobium and zirconium. Niobium is preferably used in the context of the present invention.
  • the monopolar peripheral cathodes are preferably made of a suitable, highly conductive material, such as Stainless steel, hastelloy, platinum and impregnated graphite. High-alloy stainless steel or Hastelloy are preferably used in the context of the present invention. Also a silicon edge cathode with a metallized back, contacted with a current supply plate made of a highly conductive material, e.g. Copper, can be used in undivided cells because of its good durability. Particularly when using edge electrodes made of metallic materials, the current input can be optimally implemented in a simple manner and without major voltage drops because of the good conductivity.
  • a suitable, highly conductive material such as Stainless steel, hastelloy, platinum and impregnated graphite.
  • High-alloy stainless steel or Hastelloy are preferably used in the context of the present invention.
  • Electrodes stacks consisting of bipolar electrodes and edge electrodes with current supply can also be electrically connected in parallel. If necessary, the distance between the bipolar electrodes can be adjusted or fixed using spacers.
  • Such parallel-connected electrode stacks make it possible to accommodate larger current capacities in an electrolysis cell without requiring an unacceptably high total voltage. This means that the voltage can also be optimally adapted to the available rectifier voltage.
  • the short-circuit currents in the common supply and discharge lines for the electrolyte solutions can be further minimized, which is also known in a order of additional resistance paths in these lines can be supported.
  • Undivided bipolar cells constructed according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously if the peroxodisulfate concentration does not have to be too high for the application in question, e.g. for oxidative pollutant degradation in process solutions and waste water.
  • sodium peroxodisulfate reaction solutions with a content of 50 to 100 g / l can still be used with current yields between 75 and 50% and specific electrical energy consumption between 1 , 3 and 1, 9 kWh / kg can be produced very effectively.
  • An undivided bipolar electrolysis cell constructed analogously to DE G 200 05 681.6 contained 9 bipolar silicon electrodes, coated on one side with approximately 3 ⁇ m boron-doped diamond (approximately 3000 ppm boron on average). A niobium electrode coated with diamond on one side was used as the edge anode. The edge cathode with power supply consisted of Hastelloy. The bipolar electrodes were 100 x 33 mm (33 cm 2 ). The average distance between the approximately 1 mm thick bipolar electrodes was set to approximately 2 mm using spacers. The electrolysis current was regulated to a constant 16.5 A, corresponding to an anodic and cathodic current density of 0.5 A / cm 2 .
  • the electrolyte used was 2 l of an aqueous solution containing 300 g / l sodium sulfate and 200 g / l sulfuric acid. It was pumped from a circulation vessel at a speed of approx. 600 l / h in a circuit via a heat exchanger and through the cell (batch operation). Electrolysis operation was maintained for 5000 hours, only that evaporated or decomposed water was added. In the steady state, a concentration between 170 and 190 g / l sodium peroxodisulfate was established at a stationary temperature of approx. 35 ° C. The total voltage at start-up was 50 V.
  • the mean cell voltage developed during continuous operation as follows:
  • the electrodes were removed and the weight loss determined. From this, the average decrease in silicon electrode thickness was calculated to be 3 ⁇ m on average. The thickness of the silicon cathode therefore only decreases by around 10 ⁇ m per year.
  • the nine bipolar electrodes and the two monopolar edge electrodes of the undivided electrolysis cell used in Examples 1 to 3 were used in a divided bipolar cell.
  • Cation exchange membranes were used to separate the anolyte and catholyte, fixed on both sides by anode and cathode spacers made of plastic.
  • the anodes and cathode compartments delimited by sealing frames each had a thickness of 2-3 mm.
  • Anolyte and catholyte were conveyed in separate circuits with the interposition of a heat exchanger in the circuit.
  • a 500 g / l sulfuric acid served as the catholyte.
  • the anolyte again consisted of a 200 g / l sulfuric acid and 300 g / l aqueous solution containing sodium sulfate.
  • NAPS NAPS
  • the anodic and cathodic current density were set to 0.5 A / cm 2 in each case.
  • the mean cell voltages were in the range of 5.5 and 6 V.
  • a very low specific electrical energy consumption of approx. 1.8 kWh / kg could be achieved.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
  • Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
PCT/EP2005/006008 2004-06-05 2005-06-03 Verfahren zur herstellung von peroxodisulfaten in wässriger lösung Ceased WO2005121408A2 (de)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE502005001500T DE502005001500D1 (de) 2004-06-05 2005-06-03 Verfahren zur herstellung von peroxodisulfaten in wässriger lösung
BRPI0511816-6A BRPI0511816B1 (pt) 2004-06-05 2005-06-03 Processo para a produção de peroxodissulfatos em solução aquosa , e célula eletrolítica bipolar.
JP2007513875A JP4852037B2 (ja) 2004-06-05 2005-06-03 水溶液中でのペルオキソ二硫酸塩の製造方法
EP05756088A EP1753894B1 (de) 2004-06-05 2005-06-03 Verfahren zur herstellung von peroxodisulfaten in wässriger lösung
US11/569,464 US20070187254A1 (en) 2004-06-05 2005-06-03 Method for producing peroxodisulfates in aqueous solution
US13/027,672 US20110132771A1 (en) 2004-06-05 2011-02-15 Method for producing peroxodisulfates in aqueous solution
US15/062,836 US9840783B2 (en) 2004-06-05 2016-03-07 Method for producing peroxodisulfates in aqueous solution

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004027623.4 2004-06-05
DE102004027623A DE102004027623A1 (de) 2004-06-05 2004-06-05 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Peroxodisulfaten in wässriger Lösung

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/569,464 A-371-Of-International US20070187254A1 (en) 2004-06-05 2005-06-03 Method for producing peroxodisulfates in aqueous solution
US13/027,672 Continuation US20110132771A1 (en) 2004-06-05 2011-02-15 Method for producing peroxodisulfates in aqueous solution

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005121408A2 true WO2005121408A2 (de) 2005-12-22
WO2005121408A3 WO2005121408A3 (de) 2006-06-08

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PCT/EP2005/006008 Ceased WO2005121408A2 (de) 2004-06-05 2005-06-03 Verfahren zur herstellung von peroxodisulfaten in wässriger lösung

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US (3) US20070187254A1 (https=)
EP (1) EP1753894B1 (https=)
JP (1) JP4852037B2 (https=)
KR (1) KR20070042141A (https=)
CN (1) CN100591805C (https=)
AT (1) ATE373118T1 (https=)
BR (1) BRPI0511816B1 (https=)
DE (2) DE102004027623A1 (https=)
ES (1) ES2290917T3 (https=)
WO (1) WO2005121408A2 (https=)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2546389A1 (de) * 2011-07-14 2013-01-16 United Initiators GmbH & Co. KG Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Ammonium- oder Akalimetallperosodisulfats im ungeteilten Elektrolyseraum
WO2014009536A1 (de) * 2012-07-13 2014-01-16 United Initiators Gmbh & Co. Kg Ungeteilte elektrolysezelle und deren verwendung

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DE102009004155A1 (de) * 2009-01-09 2010-07-15 Eilenburger Elektrolyse- Und Umwelttechnik Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Regenerieren von Peroxodisulfat-Beizlösungen
JP5106523B2 (ja) 2009-12-16 2012-12-26 株式会社東芝 エッチング処理方法、微細構造体の製造方法、およびエッチング処理装置
JP5751884B2 (ja) * 2011-03-29 2015-07-22 森永乳業株式会社 複極式電解槽
EP2697730A4 (en) * 2011-04-15 2015-04-15 Advanced Diamond Technologies Inc ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PROPORTION OF OXIDIZERS AT HIGH CURRENT DENSITY
PL2872673T3 (pl) 2012-07-13 2020-12-28 United Initiators Gmbh Niepodzielone ogniwo elektrolityczne i jego zastosowanie
CN104487615B (zh) * 2012-07-13 2017-08-25 联合引发剂有限责任两合公司 不分离的电解槽及其应用
DE102021115850B4 (de) 2021-06-18 2022-12-29 Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts Verfahren zur Laugung metallhaltiger Erze mittels elektrochemisch hergestellter Laugungslösung
KR20250116685A (ko) * 2022-11-29 2025-08-01 에콕스 글로벌 피티이 엘티디 전기화학적 산화 방법 및 공정

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2546389A1 (de) * 2011-07-14 2013-01-16 United Initiators GmbH & Co. KG Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Ammonium- oder Akalimetallperosodisulfats im ungeteilten Elektrolyseraum
WO2013007816A3 (de) * 2011-07-14 2013-06-20 United Initiators Gmbh & Co. Kg Ungeteilte elektrolysezelle und deren verwendung
CN103827354A (zh) * 2011-07-14 2014-05-28 联合引发剂有限责任两合公司 不分开的电解槽及其用途
US9556527B2 (en) 2011-07-14 2017-01-31 United Initiators Gmbh & Co. Kg Undivided electrolytic cell and use of the same
CN103827354B (zh) * 2011-07-14 2017-05-24 联合引发剂有限责任两合公司 不分开的电解槽及其用途
WO2014009536A1 (de) * 2012-07-13 2014-01-16 United Initiators Gmbh & Co. Kg Ungeteilte elektrolysezelle und deren verwendung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2290917T3 (es) 2008-02-16
EP1753894A2 (de) 2007-02-21
US9840783B2 (en) 2017-12-12
BRPI0511816B1 (pt) 2015-07-28
US20160186338A1 (en) 2016-06-30
KR20070042141A (ko) 2007-04-20
DE102004027623A1 (de) 2005-12-22
WO2005121408A3 (de) 2006-06-08
CN1965107A (zh) 2007-05-16
JP2008501856A (ja) 2008-01-24
BRPI0511816A (pt) 2007-12-26
ATE373118T1 (de) 2007-09-15
CN100591805C (zh) 2010-02-24
EP1753894B1 (de) 2007-09-12
US20110132771A1 (en) 2011-06-09
DE502005001500D1 (de) 2007-10-25
US20070187254A1 (en) 2007-08-16
JP4852037B2 (ja) 2012-01-11

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