WO2005108303A1 - Verfahren zur entfernung von uran(vi)-species in form von uranylkomplexen aus wässern - Google Patents
Verfahren zur entfernung von uran(vi)-species in form von uranylkomplexen aus wässern Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005108303A1 WO2005108303A1 PCT/EP2005/005032 EP2005005032W WO2005108303A1 WO 2005108303 A1 WO2005108303 A1 WO 2005108303A1 EP 2005005032 W EP2005005032 W EP 2005005032W WO 2005108303 A1 WO2005108303 A1 WO 2005108303A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- complexes
- anion exchanger
- weakly basic
- basic anion
- uranyl
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J41/00—Anion exchange; Use of material as anion exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the anion exchange properties
- B01J41/04—Processes using organic exchangers
- B01J41/07—Processes using organic exchangers in the weakly basic form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/42—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by ion-exchange extraction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B60/00—Obtaining metals of atomic number 87 or higher, i.e. radioactive metals
- C22B60/02—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides
- C22B60/0204—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium
- C22B60/0217—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes
- C22B60/0252—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes treatment or purification of solutions or of liquors or of slurries
- C22B60/0265—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes treatment or purification of solutions or of liquors or of slurries extraction by solid resins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
- C02F2001/422—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange using anionic exchangers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/006—Radioactive compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the separation of uranium (VI) species from water by means of weakly basic anion exchangers based on polyacrylics, the uranium (VI) species being in the form of uranyl complexes as dissolved uranyl.
- Uranium is a common, radioactive and reactive heavy metal on Earth. Because of its responsiveness, it is not found in nature as a pure metal. Uranium compounds can be a natural component of rocks and minerals as well as water, soil and air. Uranium enters the natural hydrological cycle e.g. through weathering of rock. It also reaches rivers, lakes and the ocean via water. How high the concentrations in natural waters are depends on various factors, e.g. Duration of contact between water and the rock, uranium content in the rock itself, redox conditions, availability of complexing ions in the water, etc.
- Uranium In addition to the natural input, uranium also enters the environment through human activities. Sources are, for example, old tailings piles from uranium mining and the processing industry, but also the combustion of fuels and coal as well as the spreading of uranium-containing phosphate fertilizers and emissions from the nuclear industry. Uranium occurs in nature in various valences (+2, +3, +4, +5 and +6), but usually in its hexavalent form, bound to oxygen as uranyl ion (UO 2 2+ ), especially in Form of uranyl complex species, in particular they are present as carbonato or sulfato complex species.
- UO 2 2+ uranyl ion
- Uranium complex species of hexavalent uranium can be very effectively eliminated with conventional strongly basic anion exchangers (usually based on polystyrene with conditioning with chloride or sulfate ions) because, apart from iron, most impurities do not form anionic complex species (YJ Song, Y. Wang, LH Wang, CX Song, ZZ Yang, A. Zhao, Recovery of Uranium from carbonate Solutions using strongly basic anion exchanger. 4. Column Operation and quantitative analysis, Reactive & Functional Polymers 39 (1999), 245-252). In natural waters, which usually contain species of carbonic acid, there are practically predominantly carbonato complex species, since they have greater stability than, for example, sulfato complexes. The experiments described in the literature (e.g.
- the uranium species preferentially accumulate at the filter inlet.
- the mean loading of the exchange material was about 35.7 g / L (as U 3 O 8 ).
- the corresponding activity was 7.8 ⁇ 10 4 pCi / g dry resin.
- Loads are achieved which are comparable to those when ingesting carbonato complex species.
- the high loadings and long running times "in the sorption of both carbonato and sulfato complex species result from the extremely high selectivity of the exchangers, especially for the tetravalent negative uranyl species.
- the regeneration or elution of the uranium species from the strongly basic anion exchangers must be carried out with solutions of NaCl, NaNO 3 or (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 . Depending on the concentration and added volumes, removal rates of 40 to 90% are achieved. Uranium concentrations of up to 5 g / L (as U) are reached in the eluates. The uranium is then precipitated from the regenerates. For this, the solution must either be mixed with strong acids or bases, or the uranium compounds must be reduced with hydrogen or precipitated by stripping with steam.
- Strongly basic anion exchangers allow a very effective elimination of uranyl complex species in exchange for chloride ions, and in exceptional cases also for sulfate ions.
- the disadvantage of using these strongly basic exchangers is that they reversibly change the water composition and absorb and release both sulfate and (hydrogen) carbonate ions, so that the product water composition does not remain constant. These fluctuations have a negative impact on waterworks. Waterworks with large storage tanks may allow buffering, but this causes additional effort and costs. Smaller plants, however, cannot compensate for the fluctuations.
- Another disadvantage of the strongly basic exchangers is regeneration. NaCI, NaNO 3 or (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 solutions are required for this, of which only NaCI can be used for cost reasons. However, concentrated solutions in a substantially stoichiometric excess must be added, which results in larger volumes of concentrated salt solutions as waste, which are difficult to dispose of. This is especially true for smaller waterworks.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of developing a process for separating uranium (VI) species from water which does not have the disadvantages and limitations of the prior art mentioned.
- a method is to be provided with which only the uranyl complex species are separated without thereby changing the composition of the rest of the water.
- the method according to the invention is based on the fact that uranium occurs predominantly in its hexavalent oxidation state and thus in the form of negatively charged uranyl complex species.
- the uranyl is complexed in aqueous solution depending on the pH and the presence of appropriate ligands.
- dominant species are uranyl carbonate complexes. Accordingly, it is preferred to remove uranyl carbonate complex species with the structures UO 2 (CO 3 ) 2 2 " and UO 2 (CO 3 ) 3 4 ⁇ in the water.
- uranyl complexes for example, also as sulfato complex species such as UO 2 (SO 4 ) 2 2 " and UO 2 (SO 4 ) 3 4" or as phosphate complexes such as UO 2 (HPO 4 ) 2 2 " are also available as chlorides or fluorides.
- Cationic uranium species can only be found in reduced water. However, since such waters generally contain iron, which must be removed by ventilation or oxidation and filtration before contact with ion exchangers, it can be assumed that the cationic uranium species will also be converted to the anionic uranyl complex species.
- the method according to the invention is aimed in particular at removing uranyl complex species with the general formula [UO 2 (X)] y_ , where X
- the object of the invention is achieved in that weakly basic anion exchangers based on polyacrylics are used in the free base form to separate uranium (VI) species in the form of uranyl complexes from water.
- a weakly basic anion exchanger based on polyacrylamide is preferably used for the uranyl complex elimination. According to the invention, it is preferably a weakly basic polyacrylamide-based exchanger of the general formula
- R- (NR ' 2 .H 2 O) where R acts as a polyacrylic exchange matrix and R' represents hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl (C, - C 8 ) or substituted or unsubstituted aryl, preferably tertiary amines act as exchange-active groups.
- the exchanger is a modified tert-amine-acrylic copolymer, particularly preferably a tert-amine-acrylic-divinylbenzene copolymer.
- the weakly basic anion exchanger is particularly preferably in the form of a gel.
- the exchangers used according to the invention are further preferably of a total capacity of> 1.6 mol / L (free base form), a moisture content of 56 to 65% (free base form), and a density of 1, 030 to 1, 090 (free base form ) and have a preferred bulk density of 700 g / L.
- Preferred grain sizes of the weakly basic anion exchanger are characterized by the following features: harmonic means 500-750 ⁇ m, coefficient of equality ⁇ 1.8; Fine particle fraction ⁇ 0.300 mm: 3.0% max; Large balls> 1, 180 mm: 5.0% max; or harmonics 700-950 ⁇ m, equality coefficient £ 1.7; Fine particle content ⁇ 0.355 mm: 0.5% max; Large balls> 1.180 mm: 5.0-25.0% max.
- the use of the weakly basic anion exchangers according to the invention has the advantage that separation takes place on one side and there is no exchange except for water constituents.
- the conventional filter arrangement is preferred for practical reasons.
- Other arrangements, such as a stirred tank with a flow through it, are also conceivable in principle.
- weakly basic anion exchangers in pure base form without additional conditioning has the further great advantage that the regeneration of the Exchanger can only be carried out using NaOH. This takes advantage of the fact that weakly basic exchangers are not protonated at high pH values and therefore cannot absorb anions. Because of the strong deprotonation at high pH values, only small volumes of regenerates are obtained, which are easy to dispose of.
- NaOH is easy to use and there is no conditioning of the exchanger. Instead of regeneration, the loaded filter material can also be disposed of directly.
- the present process is used to remove uranium (VI) species, especially in waters that are used for drinking water production. This is preferably groundwater or surface water.
- weakly basic anion exchangers based on polyacrylics used according to the invention which can be used in free base form without any conditioning, high loads and long running times for the sorption, in particular of carbonato and sulfato complex species, are achieved.
- phosphato complexes and chloride and fluoride compounds can also be successfully eliminated.
- the results result from the extremely high selectivity of the exchangers used according to the invention, in particular for the uranium (VI) species.
- the uranyl complex species can be removed effectively at pH values between 5.8 and 8.0.
- the efficiency corresponds to the elimination with conditioned ⁇ strongly basic exchangers based on polystyrene in this area, which is particularly important for drinking water treatment, or shows improved values in comparison to the strongly basic polystyrene ion exchangers, which are known to be used.
- the successful possibility of using weakly basic exchangers based on polyacrylics in free base form has further advantages in addition to those already mentioned.
- the Regeneration or elution of the uranium species from the chess-based anion exchangers is carried out by adding NaOH; uranium can be eluted almost completely. Uranium concentrations of up to A of the concentrations on the adsorber material were reached in the eluates.
- a filter with an inner diameter of 12.5 cm was filled with 9.7 liters (L) of a modified tertiary amine-acrylic copolymer (Amberlite® IRA67 from Rohm and Haas Company), which is a weakly basic exchange material according to the invention based on polyacrylamide , filled up to a dumping height of 79 cm and flowed through with natural groundwater containing uranium at a throughput of 60 L / h.
- the uranium concentration of the natural groundwater was about 9 to 17 ⁇ g / L. After four months of operation and a total throughput of 17,600 bed volumes, which corresponds to a volume of approx. 169 m 3 , the drainage concentration of uranium was still below 0.1 ⁇ g / L.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Ion Exchange (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/579,489 US8137644B2 (en) | 2004-05-05 | 2005-05-04 | Method for the elimination of uranium (VI) species in the form of uranyl complexes from waters |
CA2565637A CA2565637C (en) | 2004-05-05 | 2005-05-04 | A method for the removal of uranium(vi) species in the form of uranyl complexes from waters |
EP05736327A EP1742883A1 (de) | 2004-05-05 | 2005-05-04 | Verfahren zur entfernung von uran(vi)-species in form von uranylkomplexen aus wässern |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102004022705.5 | 2004-05-05 | ||
DE102004022705A DE102004022705B4 (de) | 2004-05-05 | 2004-05-05 | Verfahren zur Abtrennung von Uranspecies aus Wasser und Verwendung eines schwachbasischen Anionenaustauschers hierfür |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005108303A1 true WO2005108303A1 (de) | 2005-11-17 |
Family
ID=34969854
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2005/005032 WO2005108303A1 (de) | 2004-05-05 | 2005-05-04 | Verfahren zur entfernung von uran(vi)-species in form von uranylkomplexen aus wässern |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8137644B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1742883A1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2565637C (de) |
DE (2) | DE102004022705B4 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2005108303A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102008046973A1 (de) * | 2008-09-12 | 2010-03-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Beseitigung von Verunreinigungen aus Wasser |
CN109929215B (zh) * | 2019-03-25 | 2021-03-30 | 南京大学 | 一种酚醛-聚丙烯酸系互贯结构的高机械强度阴离子交换树脂及其制备方法 |
CN113387412A (zh) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-09-14 | 中核四0四有限公司 | 一种用于硝酸和碳酸混合体系下含铀废水处理的离子交换装置 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4118457A (en) * | 1975-06-03 | 1978-10-03 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Redox uranium isotope separation using anion exchangers |
US4199470A (en) * | 1977-05-13 | 1980-04-22 | Koei Chemical Co., Ltd. | Material for recovering uranium and method for recovering a uranium solution of high purity and high concentration, using the same |
US6333078B1 (en) * | 1998-12-14 | 2001-12-25 | Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute | Collector of dissolved metal from sea water having an amidoxime group and a hydrophilic group, a method for production thereof |
US20030191201A1 (en) * | 2002-04-04 | 2003-10-09 | Lothar Feistel | Process for producing coarse-particle anion-exchanger gels |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2845957A (en) * | 1956-10-15 | 1958-08-05 | Draper Corp | Automatic bobbin replenishing loom |
DE1270504B (de) * | 1964-05-12 | 1968-06-12 | Goetzelmann K G Industrieabwas | Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von schwermetallkomplexhaltigen Abwaessern |
US3813434A (en) * | 1972-06-06 | 1974-05-28 | Grace W R & Co | Preparation of pure glycine |
US4359537A (en) * | 1978-09-19 | 1982-11-16 | Rohm And Haas Company | Emulsion copolymer anion exchange resins |
DE3144974C2 (de) * | 1981-11-12 | 1986-01-09 | Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh, 7500 Karlsruhe | Verfahren zur Abtrennung von Aktinoidenionen aus wäßrigen, basischen, carbonathaltigen Lösungen |
DE3428877A1 (de) * | 1984-08-04 | 1986-02-13 | Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh, 7500 Karlsruhe | Verfahren zur trennung von grossen mengen uran von geringen mengen von radioaktiven spaltprodukten, die in waessrigen basischen, karbonathaltigen loesungen vorliegen |
JP3026234B2 (ja) * | 1991-04-16 | 2000-03-27 | 佐竹技研株式会社 | 放射性物質含有水の処理方法 |
DE19505045C1 (de) * | 1995-02-15 | 1996-07-18 | Urt Umwelttechnik Gmbh | Verfahren zur Abtrennung von Uran, Radium und Arsen aus Lösungen ihrer Verbindungen |
FR2744930B1 (fr) * | 1996-02-15 | 1998-03-13 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede pour separer au moins un metal present dans une solution par fixation sur un chitosane |
DE19704651A1 (de) * | 1996-09-11 | 1998-03-12 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Suprastrukturiertes Chitin/Chitosan, Derivate und Konfektionen davon für die umweltverträgliche Materialtechnik, Hochleistungsverbundwerkstoffe und bionische Werkstoffe |
DE19810094A1 (de) * | 1998-03-10 | 1999-09-16 | Nukem Nuklear Gmbh | Adsorptionsmittel für Radionuklide |
US6210078B1 (en) * | 1999-06-02 | 2001-04-03 | Southern Company Services | Methods for the in situ removal of a contaminant from soil |
-
2004
- 2004-05-05 DE DE102004022705A patent/DE102004022705B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-05-05 DE DE202004021710U patent/DE202004021710U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2005
- 2005-05-04 WO PCT/EP2005/005032 patent/WO2005108303A1/de active Application Filing
- 2005-05-04 EP EP05736327A patent/EP1742883A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-05-04 CA CA2565637A patent/CA2565637C/en active Active
- 2005-05-04 US US11/579,489 patent/US8137644B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4118457A (en) * | 1975-06-03 | 1978-10-03 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Redox uranium isotope separation using anion exchangers |
US4199470A (en) * | 1977-05-13 | 1980-04-22 | Koei Chemical Co., Ltd. | Material for recovering uranium and method for recovering a uranium solution of high purity and high concentration, using the same |
US6333078B1 (en) * | 1998-12-14 | 2001-12-25 | Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute | Collector of dissolved metal from sea water having an amidoxime group and a hydrophilic group, a method for production thereof |
US20030191201A1 (en) * | 2002-04-04 | 2003-10-09 | Lothar Feistel | Process for producing coarse-particle anion-exchanger gels |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1742883A1 (de) | 2007-01-17 |
DE102004022705A1 (de) | 2005-12-15 |
CA2565637A1 (en) | 2005-11-17 |
CA2565637C (en) | 2012-11-20 |
US8137644B2 (en) | 2012-03-20 |
DE202004021710U1 (de) | 2010-09-30 |
DE102004022705B4 (de) | 2012-05-31 |
US20080112863A1 (en) | 2008-05-15 |
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