WO2005101034A1 - 電子部品の高周波電気特性測定方法および装置、高周波電気特性測定装置の校正方法 - Google Patents
電子部品の高周波電気特性測定方法および装置、高周波電気特性測定装置の校正方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005101034A1 WO2005101034A1 PCT/JP2004/019086 JP2004019086W WO2005101034A1 WO 2005101034 A1 WO2005101034 A1 WO 2005101034A1 JP 2004019086 W JP2004019086 W JP 2004019086W WO 2005101034 A1 WO2005101034 A1 WO 2005101034A1
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- electrical characteristics
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R35/00—Testing or calibrating of apparatus covered by the other groups of this subclass
- G01R35/005—Calibrating; Standards or reference devices, e.g. voltage or resistance standards, "golden" references
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/28—Measuring attenuation, gain, phase shift or derived characteristics of electric four pole networks, i.e. two-port networks; Measuring transient response
- G01R27/32—Measuring attenuation, gain, phase shift or derived characteristics of electric four pole networks, i.e. two-port networks; Measuring transient response in circuits having distributed constants, e.g. having very long conductors or involving high frequencies
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/28—Testing of electronic circuits, e.g. by signal tracer
- G01R31/282—Testing of electronic circuits specially adapted for particular applications not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/2822—Testing of electronic circuits specially adapted for particular applications not provided for elsewhere of microwave or radiofrequency circuits
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for measuring high-frequency electrical characteristics of an electronic component such as a filter, a power bra, or a non-conductive element or an impedance element such as a chip inductor or a chip capacitor.
- the present invention relates to a method for correcting a measurement error when measuring a scattering coefficient or an impedance value of the electronic component by a measuring instrument such as a network analyzer.
- TRL Through-Reflection-Load
- SOLT Short-Open-Load-Through
- FIGS. 1 and 2 show a measurement system using a network analyzer and error models used in SOLUTE and TRL correction.
- the electronic component 1 as a subject is connected to a transmission path formed on the upper surface of the measuring jig 2. Both ends of the transmission line of the measurement jig 2 are connected to measurement ports of a network analyzer (not shown) via coaxial cables 3.
- S — S is the scattering coefficient of the transmission path including the subject
- EEE is the scattering coefficient at one measurement port
- EE is The scattering coefficient
- 11A—S is the scattering coefficient of the subject, e—e is one
- the standard device required for correction cannot be realized in a chip device shape.
- a planar transmission line used for measuring surface mount components cannot obtain a good “open” or “termination” unlike waveguides and coaxial transmission lines, and practically requires SOLT correction.
- the measured value obtained by measurement is a characteristic obtained by combining the subject 1 and the measuring jig 2 that connects the subject, which is not the subject itself, and the characteristics of the subject alone must be measured. I can't.
- TRL correction refers to a transmission path 5a in a port directly connected state (Through) and a total reflection (Reflection: normal short circuit) as shown in FIG.
- a transmission line 5b and several types of transmission lines (Lines) 5c and 5d having different lengths are used as standard devices.
- Transmission lines 5a-5d are manufactured with relatively known scattering coefficients, and if total reflection is short-circuited, the characteristics can be predicted relatively easily. It is. Therefore, in principle, the characteristics of the subject 1 alone can be measured.
- the through transmission line 5a is a so-called Zero-through.
- the subject is serially connected to a measuring jig 2 having a length longer than the through transmission path 5a by the size of the subject, and measurement is performed.
- the coaxial connector 3 is shared and the coaxial pin is contact-connected to a transmission line, which is a standard device, to avoid the influence of variations in connector measurement.
- a transmission line which is a standard device
- the transmission line and the coaxial pin generally become thinner, and the measurement variation due to the reproducibility of the positioning increases.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method for calibrating a network analyzer having two test terminals connected to a subject via a strip line. That is, in the first calibration measurement, transmission and reflection parameters are measured on a line whose propagation constant is unknown, on a strip line connected in a non-reflective manner between the two test terminals, and the same line is measured. Is used to perform three additional calibration measurements with three calibration standards realized by reflection symmetric and reciprocal discontinuities inserted at three different locations on the line.
- the measured value obtained by connecting the subject becomes a characteristic obtained by combining the subject that is not only the subject and the strip line that connects the subject, and cannot measure the characteristic of the subject alone.
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-6-34686
- an object of the present invention is to solve the problems in TRL correction and SOLT correction, and to provide a high-precision method for measuring high-frequency electrical characteristics of electronic components without being affected by variations in characteristics of connection parts. It is in.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a high-precision electronic device for measuring high-frequency electrical characteristics of electronic components.
- an invention according to claim 1 is a method for measuring high-frequency electrical characteristics of an electronic component, comprising: a plurality of signal conductors spaced apart from each other; and at least one ground conductor.
- a subject is connected in series between a signal conductor and a grounding conductor of a transmission line as a measuring jig, or is connected between a signal conductor and a grounding conductor, and its reflection and
- This is a method of measuring the transmission coefficient, etc., and obtaining the electrical characteristics such as the impedance value and the quality coefficient from this.
- This is a method for removing errors in the transmission line and other measurement systems.
- the present invention has been made based on the finding that, when measuring an error in a measurement system, a short-circuit state of a transmission path can be easily realized with good quality.
- a short-circuit reference is used as a calibration reference (standard unit). This is because, in a short-circuit state, almost total internal reflection occurs, so that the terminal side of the signal conductor is not affected, and the characteristics of the short-circuit state in the frequency range where the target transmission line operates in TEM single mode. The reason for this is that the electromagnetic characteristics can be predicted very accurately by electromagnetic field simulation, which is substantially free from the effects of dielectrics.
- the parameter that limits the accuracy during the simulation of the transmission line characteristics is the dielectric constant, but in the reflection characteristics in the short-circuit state, even if the dielectric constant is changed, there is almost no change in the calculation results! / ⁇ . It has been confirmed, and it can be said that the simulation result may be used as a physical true value during calibration. If the width of the transmission line is sufficiently smaller than the wavelength of the measurement signal, it is considered that a large error does not occur even if 1 (reflection coefficient of ideal short circuit) is used as the short circuit characteristic.
- a short-circuit reference is connected between the signal conductor and the ground conductor.
- the measurement is performed by connecting the short-circuit reference to the subject measurement position on the transmission path, and then connecting the short-circuit reference to a point L away from the subject measurement position.
- the short-circuit reference refers to a general component in an electrically short-circuited state, and is not limited to a chip component, but may be a metal piece or a tool. Desirably, the contact length in the length direction of the transmission path, such as a knife edge, is short. If the short-circuit reference is ideal, the reflection coefficient will be a value of -1 (total reflection), but in practice, the short-circuit reference has some inductance, so the inductance value needs to be known. That is. Normally, in the microwave band, the short-circuit state is relatively easy to achieve the ideal state compared to the open state. If measurement accuracy is required, it is sufficient to find the short-circuit reference inductance by a simple simulation or the like.
- the signal conductors are put through each other to identify the error factors of the measurement system.
- a through state for example, a series connection of through chips having no directivity in the transfer coefficient is performed.
- RRRR calibration that can be measured by the series method, it is necessary to connect through the ports.
- the characteristics of the through chip do not need to be known.
- a chip resistor whose resistance value is unknown may be used, but the directionality must not be present.
- circulators special elements using a magnetic substance under a DC magnetic field
- active elements such as semiconductor amplifiers
- the power to connect the electronic component under test in series between the signal conductors of the transmission line is measured simultaneously by both series connection and connection to the ground conductor.
- the true value of the electrical characteristics of the subject can be obtained by calculation.
- the electrical characteristics of the transmission line can be determined in addition to the error factors of the measurement system.
- the RRRR calibration method implemented as described above has the following features.
- TRL correction transmission lines of various lengths are required as standard equipment, and all electrical characteristics of the connections between these and the coaxial cable need to be equal.However, in RRRR calibration, it is easier to perform only correction work Since the same transmission line is used for all measurement work, there is no need to change the transmission line, and there is no influence from variations in the characteristics of the transmission line, connectors, and connection parts.
- the length of the transmission path required for the measuring jig is determined by the lower limit of the frequency to be measured. Long transmission lines are needed to handle low frequencies. Short transmission lines are sufficient to handle high frequencies.
- the measurement for correction is based on calibration standards (for example, short-circuit standards) at several places on the transmission line.
- the measurement is performed by performing a through measurement using an appropriate device.
- the distance from the measurement position of the subject and how many calibration standards should be used for measurement are determined by the measurement frequency bandwidth and the upper frequency limit. Also, the scattering coefficient of a through chip is unknown unless it has directional properties.
- the measurement system error factors can be obtained by connecting the calibration standards at three locations, but the measurement system error factors can be obtained by connecting the calibration standards at four or more locations.
- a transmission line jig made of a base material such as Teflon (registered trademark) or alumina is easy to obtain a physical true value with small variation in electrical characteristics, but is expensive.
- a transmission line jig made of a base material made of a general-purpose resin such as an epoxy resin is inexpensive, but has a large variation in material properties and a large variation in dielectric constant and loss coefficient. In such a case, if the transmission line characteristics are obtained by connecting calibration standards at four or more locations, the electrical characteristics of the subject can be measured with high accuracy without being affected by variations in the transmission line characteristics.
- the characteristic impedance of the transmission line is unknown, but impedance measurement is performed. Must be known. For this purpose, values calculated by simulation or measured by the time domain reflectometry may be used.
- the error coefficient was determined using the measurement result of series connection of through chips with no directivity in the transfer coefficient. If there is no such property, the subject can be regarded as a kind of through chip. Therefore, it is possible to omit the through-chip measurement and use the measurement result of the subject and the measurement result in the short-circuit state to determine the error coefficient.
- test object is not limited to two terminals, but can be applied to electronic components with three or more terminals if there is no direction between the ports.
- contact failure of the short-circuit reference can be detected based on the magnitude of the transfer coefficient. That is, if a contact failure occurs for some reason, the contact failure can be detected by increasing the transfer coefficient between the ports. As described above, since a measurement error can be detected during the correction procedure, it is possible to prevent waste such that it is determined that the correction has failed when the object is measured later.
- an error factor up to the subject measurement position can be removed, but an error between the subject measurement positions, for example, in the case of two ports, an error factor between contact points of the subject electrode of each port is not considered. It is. The largest of these errors is the stray capacitance existing between the signal conductors. If there is a stray capacitance, when a test object is measured, a value including the stray capacitance will be measured, which will be an error factor.
- the force of the measurement result is also calculated as the floating admittance, and the measurement result force of the test object is mathematically removed from the effect of the floating admittance. Errors due to capacitance can be eliminated, and more accurate characteristic measurement becomes possible.
- a short-circuit reference is connected to the transmission line.
- the frequency is so high that the influence of the residual inductance of the short-circuit reference is large, the short-circuit reference is sufficiently close to the short-circuit. In some cases (when a signal passes between ports and total reflection cannot be obtained).
- the calibration reference is brought close to (non-contact with) the transmission line, and that the stray capacitance generated between the transmission line and the calibration reference and the residual inductance of the calibration reference be in a series resonance state.
- the impedance of the calibration reference connection is ⁇ , that is, an ideal short-circuit state. In other words, even at high frequencies where a good short-circuit The same effect is obtained as when using the entanglement criterion.
- this capacitor can be brought into contact (complete connection) with the transmission path to cause series resonance.
- the transmission line of the present invention it is better to use a transmission line in which a signal conductor and a ground conductor are formed on the same plane! This is because it is easy to simultaneously connect the calibration reference and the test object to the signal conductor and the ground conductor in the correction operation using the calibration reference and the measurement operation using the test object.
- the calibration reference and the pressing of the subject at the time of the correction measurement can be performed perpendicular to the transmission path, it is easy to secure a sufficient pressing load and the contact is easily stabilized.
- a coplanar waveguide or a slot line can be used as a specific transmission line.
- the coplanar waveguide has a signal conductor and ground conductors on both sides of the signal conductor, and the signal conductor and the ground conductor are formed on the same plane. Suitable for measurement.
- a slot line in which a signal conductor and a ground conductor are provided on the same plane with an interval, is suitable for measuring high-frequency characteristics of 10 GHz or more.
- the position where the calibration reference is connected is a position where the phase difference between the positions is 70 ° -145 °.
- the correction data be as far apart from each other as possible.
- the connection position of the calibration reference required for correction A phase difference between 70 ° and 145 ° is desirable to increase the calibration accuracy.
- the calibration accuracy will be high, but the frequency range that can be supported by one set of calibration standards will be narrowed.
- it is very easy to set the calibration reference connection position and if the measurement data during calibration is used properly, the number of calibration reference measurements will increase to a practical problem even in wideband measurement. There is no.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a measurement system using a conventional network analyzer and an error model of SOLT correction.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a SOLT calibration method.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a TRL calibration method.
- FIG. 5 is a plan view of a high-frequency electrical characteristic measuring device showing an example of the RRRR calibration method according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a front view of the high-frequency electrical characteristic measuring device at the time of calibration shown in FIG. 5.
- FIG. 7 is a plan view of an apparatus for measuring high-frequency electrical characteristics in through measurement according to the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is an error model diagram used in the RRRR calibration method according to the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a plan view of the high-frequency electrical characteristic measuring apparatus according to the present invention when measuring an object.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart of an example of an RRRR calibration method that is useful in the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart of another example of the RRRR calibration method that is useful in the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the effect of stray capacitance generated between transmission paths.
- FIG. 13 High-frequency characteristics of chip inductors measured by using the RRRR calibration method
- FIG. 14 is a plan view of a high-frequency electrical characteristic measuring apparatus showing another example of the RRRR calibration method according to the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of performing series resonance between a calibration reference and a transmission line.
- FIG. 16 is a plan view showing an example of a transmission line having three ports.
- FIG. 17 is a plan view of an example using a slot line as a transmission line.
- FIG. 5 to FIG. 9 show a first embodiment according to the present invention.
- the fixed jig 11 (transmission line 12) is the same jig.
- measurement is performed at three or more locations on the transmission path 12 formed on the measurement jig 11.
- the same operation is required on the port 2 (connector lib) side as explained for the correction on the port 1 (connector 11a) side.
- the measuring jig 11 has two signal conductors 12a and 12b arranged on a straight line at one end with an interval at one end and a connector 11a at the other end on the upper surface of the jig substrate 11c. , l ib, respectively.
- Ground conductors 12c are arranged on both sides in the width direction of the signal conductors 12a and 12b, and the signal conductors 12a and 12b and the ground conductor 12c are formed on the same plane on the jig substrate 11c.
- the jig substrate 11a also has a ground conductor 12d formed on the back surface.
- Coaxial cables 14 are connected to the connectors 11a and 11b, respectively, and connected to measurement ports 21 to 24 of a network analyzer 20, which is an example of a measuring instrument.
- the signal line 14a of the coaxial cable 14 is fixed to the signal conductors 12a and 12b by soldering, welding, or the like in order to eliminate connection variations.
- the measurement ports 21 and 24 are connected to the signal conductors 12a and 12b via the coaxial cable 14, and the measurement ports 22 and 23 are connected to the ground conductor 12b.
- a pusher 15 for pressing the short-circuit reference 10 against the transmission path 12 and a mechanism 16 for freely moving the pusher 15 along the transmission path 12 are provided as shown in FIG. It has been.
- the short-circuit criterion 10 a knife-edge-shaped conductor attached to the tip of an insulating pusher 15 was used.
- a short-circuit criterion 10 is connected to the point to which one electrode is connected during measurement of the subject (measurement point 1: P1 in Fig. 5, hereinafter referred to as the “test subject measurement point”), and measurement is performed. Let S be the result. At this time, the true value of the reflection coefficient at the measurement location is denoted by ⁇ . ⁇ is short circuit
- the true value based on the Al A1 standard which should be 1 if the length of the transmission line 12 in the short circuit standard 10 in the length direction is sufficiently small compared to the measured signal wavelength.
- the expected value of the true value should be obtained by simulation or the like.
- Equation 1 When the sample measurement point is taken as the reference plane, the true value of the reflection coefficient is converted as in Equation 1. Since the electromagnetic wave incident from the port 1 side is totally reflected at the short-circuit reference 10, the transmission distance of the transmission path by 2 L for the round trip is shorter than when the short-circuit reference 10 is connected to the measurement point of the subject! ,
- ⁇ is the transmission rate of the transmission line per unit length [U / mm]
- j8 is the phase constant of the transmission line [rad / mm]
- ⁇ is the measurement when the subject measurement point is used as the reference plane.
- Measurement is performed by connecting short-circuit reference 10 to fixed point 3: P3), and the measurement result at this time is S.
- the transmission power of the transmission path is a negative power
- ⁇ ⁇ and ⁇ may exceed 1 in magnitude.
- the magnitude of the reflection coefficient is
- Equations 1 and 2 take the reference plane at the object measurement location, and are not abnormal.
- Equation 3 The true value ⁇ of the reflection coefficient at fixed point 4 is as shown in Equation 3.
- ⁇ physically represents the transmission coefficient of the transmission path per unit length.
- Equation 1 to Equation 3 can be rewritten as Equation 5 to Equation 7, respectively.
- the transmission path characteristic ⁇ that can be obtained only by the error coefficient can be obtained by short-circuiting the short-circuit reference at four points of the transmission path.
- the transmission line characteristic ⁇ contains two unknowns, the transmission factor a and the phase coefficient ⁇ , but the transmission channel characteristic ⁇ is a complex number whose real part is related to the transmission coefficient a and whose imaginary part is related to the phase coefficient ⁇ . A certain force can be obtained as one unknown.
- Equation 9 is obtained.
- Equation 8 If is obtained by Equation 8 or Equation 9, the value of ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ is obtained by Equation 5 and Equation 6.
- measurement is performed in a through state (direct connection between ports).
- a suitable device hereinafter referred to as a through chip 13 for connecting the ports is connected between the signal conductors 12a and 12b. Connect in series.
- the measured value is that the reflection coefficient is s, and the transfer coefficient
- the electrical characteristics of the through chip 13 may be unknown and may be good, for example, a chip resistor having a low resistance component may be used, but the transfer coefficient must not be directional. This condition is automatically satisfied because the transfer coefficient has no direction due to the reciprocity theorem unless a special material such as fly under a DC magnetic field is used.
- Figure 8 shows the error model for RRRR calibration. This is not particularly novel, but is the same as the TRL correction error model conventionally used. S and S in the figure are reflection members
- 11A and 21A are the true values of the scattering coefficient of the subject.
- No. D is an intermediate variable.
- Equation 10 [0044] Based on Equations 10 and 12, the total error coefficient can be determined as follows:
- the subject 17 is connected to the transmission line 12 and its characteristics are measured.
- the subject 17 is adsorbed by using a chip mounter or the like, and the subject 17 is brought into contact with the subject measurement position on the transmission line 12 to measure the electrical characteristics (SSSSS).
- the measurement method according to the present invention can be applied to electronic components having three or more terminals, such as a filter, in addition to electronic components having two terminals.
- the error model of the RRRR calibration is the same as the error model of the TRL correction, the same effect as the TRL correction may be performed to remove the effect of the actual test result force error. Is described below.
- this formula is calculated based on the reflection coefficient in the case of two-port measurement. However, the four receiver output powers of the network analyzer may be calculated. In the case of three or more ports, an equation similar to this equation may be used, or the influence of an error factor may be removed by using a circuit simulation technique. In short, any known technique may be selected.
- D is an intermediate variable.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart of an example of the RRRR calibration method.
- Step Sl When the correction is started, first, the measuring instrument and the measuring jig are connected via a coaxial cable (Step Sl). Next, the signal conductor 12a and the ground conductor 12c are short-circuited at the first position, which is the open end of the one signal conductor 12a, by the short-circuit reference 10 (Step S2). The first position may be near the subject measurement position or another position. With the short circuit reference 10 connected, measure the reflection coefficient (S) on the port 1 side (step S3).
- S reflection coefficient
- Step S4 the signal conductor 12a and the ground conductor 12c are short-circuited at the second position by the short-circuit reference 10 (Step S4), and the reflection coefficient (S) on the port 1 side is measured (Step S5).
- Step S5 the reflection coefficient (S) on the port 1 side is measured.
- the signal conductor 12a and the ground conductor 12c are short-circuited according to the short-circuit reference 10 (Step S6), and the reflection coefficient (S) of the port 1 is measured (Step S7). If the transmission line characteristics are unknown,
- the signal conductor 12a and the ground conductor 12c are short-circuited by the short-circuit reference 10 (step Step S8), measure the reflection coefficient (S) on the port 1 side (Step S9). And these anti
- the transmission path characteristic ⁇ on the port 1 side is calculated from the injection coefficient (step S10). If the transmission path characteristics are known, steps S8 to S10 are unnecessary.
- the signal conductor 12b and the ground conductor 12c are short-circuited at the fifth position, which is the open end of the other signal conductor 12b, by the short-circuit reference 10 (Step Sl).
- the fifth position may be near the subject measurement position or another position. With the short circuit reference 10 connected, measure the reflection coefficient (S) on the port 2 side (step S12).
- Step S13 the signal conductor 12b and the ground conductor 12c are short-circuited by the short-circuit reference 10 at the sixth position (Step S13), and the reflection coefficient (S) on the port 2 side is measured (Step S14).
- step S17 the signal conductor 12b and the ground conductor 12c are short-circuited at the eighth position by the short-circuit reference 10 (step S17), and the reflection coefficient (S) on the port 2 side is measured (step S18).
- the transmission line characteristic ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ on the port 2 side is calculated (step SI9). If the transmission path characteristics are known, steps S17 to S19 are unnecessary.
- Step S20 the through chip 13 is connected in series between the signal conductors 12a and 12b (Step S20), and the transfer coefficient (S S) is measured (Step S21).
- Step S23 After calculating the error coefficient, connect the subject to the measuring jig (Step S23), and measure the reflection coefficient and the transfer coefficient (S S S S) of the subject in the forward and reverse directions (Step S2).
- Step S25 the influence of the error is also removed from the measured value force using Equation 14
- Step S26 the error removal result (true value of the subject) is displayed on a display or the like, and the subject is sorted out
- steps S23 to S26 are repeated until the measurement of all the specimens is completed (step S27).
- step S27 the measurement of all the specimens is completed, the RRRR calibration ends.
- FIG. 11 shows the process of deriving the error coefficient of FIG. 10 in which a step of detecting a contact failure from the transfer coefficient is added. Here, only the contact failure detection at the first position is shown, but the same applies to other positions.
- the measuring instrument and the measuring jig are connected via a coaxial cable (step S1), and the signal conductor 12a and the ground conductor 12c are short-circuited at the first position according to the short-circuit reference 10 (step S2).
- the through chip 13 is connected between the signal conductors 12a and 12b (step S30). With the short circuit reference 10 and the through chip 13 connected at the same time, the reflection coefficient (S) and transmission
- step S31 determine whether the measured transfer coefficient is small enough.
- step S32 A determination is made (step S32), and if it is not sufficiently small, it is determined that there is a contact failure, and steps S2 and subsequent steps are repeated. On the other hand, if the transfer coefficient is sufficiently small, it is determined that the contact is good, and the measurement proceeds to the next second position.
- the short-circuit reference 10 is measured at a position where the subject is measured on the transmission line 12 and at a point 5 mm away from this force. If the loss in the transmission path 12 is not large, the only difference between the two measurement results is the phase.
- the force wavelength is 10 mm (the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave of 3 GHz in a vacuum)
- correction cannot be performed normally at a wavelength of 10 mm with a difference of 5 mm.
- the correction data be as far apart from each other as possible.
- the phase difference between the connection positions of the short-circuit reference is 70 °-145 °. Ensuring a large phase difference between calibration standards improves the accuracy of calibration, but narrows the frequency range that can be handled by a single set of calibration standards, making it necessary to measure many calibration standards when performing broadband measurements .
- the phase difference between calibration standards should be at least about 20 ° to 30 ° in order to obtain good measurement accuracy. ing.
- the phase difference between the connection positions of the short-circuit reference is 70 °-145 °, the calibration accuracy is high, but the frequency range that can be supported by one set of calibration standards is much narrower than the above case. I will.
- the setting of the short-circuit reference connection position is very simple, and if the measurement data during calibration is used well, the number of short-circuit reference measurement times will not be practical even in wideband measurement. This is because there is no increase.
- a second short-circuit reference measurement position at which the phase becomes about 145 ° at the measurement upper limit frequency is obtained.
- j8 [rad / mm] may be obtained by the following equation using the phase constant as L and [mm] as the short-circuit reference measurement position.
- the frequency band up to the measurement upper limit frequency f force f Z2 is the first, second, and third short-circuit reference measurement max max
- the measurement results at the first, third, and fourth short-circuit reference measurement positions are used. Similarly, the nth frequency band, f
- the phase difference between the short-circuit reference measurement positions is generally kept in the range of 70 °-145 °.
- the series method to which the RRRR method belongs is a high method, which is supposed to be capable of measuring impedance if a jig for measuring high and isolation is used. If a jig is used, or if the jig is thick, for example, 1.6 mm, the stray capacitance between ports will increase, resulting in low isolation. If a jig is made of a material having a low dielectric constant, such as Teflon (registered trademark), and is made of a thin material, this problem is reduced. However, if this is not enough, or if a jig with satisfactory characteristics cannot be used due to cost and other problems (Teflon (registered trademark) substrates are generally expensive), mathematically, Errors can be corrected.
- Teflon registered trademark
- the floating admittance of the measurement result is determined from the measurement result of the measuring jig alone (open state), and the force of the test result of the test object mathematically removes the influence of the floating admittance.
- RRRR calibrated the measurement jig alone and found the impedance, Z is the measurement result of the test object
- the explanation of the RRRR method has mainly been discussed in terms of the scattering coefficient.
- the force open correction should be discussed using impedance! / Impedance and scattering coefficient are interchangeable
- the characteristic impedance of the transmission line is Z
- the reflection coefficient of the scattering coefficient is S
- the transfer coefficient is
- Fig. 13 shows the results of measuring a 1mm x 0.5mm size ⁇ chip inductor (winding type chip inductor) in the range of 100MHz to 20GHz.
- a general impedance characteristic curve of the inductor is obtained. That is, up to the self-resonant frequency, the impedance increases in proportion to the frequency rise, and after the self-resonant frequency, the impedance decreases in inverse proportion to the frequency rise. In addition, almost traced results were obtained in the measurement by the conventional TRL calibration method.
- Example 1 a through chip 13 having no directivity was connected in series between the signal conductors 12a and 12b, and forward and reverse transfer coefficients S 1 and S 2 were measured.
- the relationship between the error coefficients was determined by calculating the ratio of 21T12T21T12T.If the test object had no directivity, the through-chip measurement was omitted and the error was determined using the test result of the test object. It is possible to determine the coefficients.
- the transfer coefficient ratio S / S is determined from the measurement results of the subject, and this ratio is substituted for S / S.
- the open end of the signal conductor 12a and the open end of the signal conductor 12b are connected by a through chip 19, and in this state, the calibration reference 18 is connected to at least the transmission line 12.
- RRRR calibration can be performed by connecting to three locations.
- the through chip 19 may be the same component as the through chip 13 in the through measurement (see FIG. 7), or may be a short chip such as the short circuit reference 10.
- the signal is transmitted to the port 2 through the through chip 19, and the signal is absorbed by the port 2 and The signal level returning to the side can be lowered.
- RRRR calibration can be used as a method for identifying jig error factors.
- Recent network analyzers have a function (de-embedding function) that automatically removes the influence of the applied error from the measurement results when an error coefficient such as a jig is given.
- de-embedding function is a method of mathematically removing a known error factor, and can be easily implemented using a transmission matrix. Resulting that the fixture error factor of the scattering coefficient matrix inverse matrix is converted to heat transmission matrix, port 1 side, port 2 side, respectively E- F- 1 and you.
- the transmission matrix of the error factor of each port of the jig is EF. Further, let A be the transmission matrix of the device. At this time, the measurement result of measuring the device together with the jig with a network analyzer calibrated to the end of the coaxial cable is because the error of each port is superimposed on the device.
- the RRRR calibration procedure that requires the positioning of the calibration reference with high accuracy is performed in a laboratory environment, and the error factors of each jig are determined with high accuracy.
- mass production can be performed using jigs that have already contributed error factors. Of course, jig errors are removed by de-embedding the error factors found in the laboratory.
- the RRRR method can be operated without preparing a means for positioning the calibration reference with high accuracy and precision in each process, which is advantageous in terms of cost and process management.
- the measuring instrument is equipped with a computer and dedicated software, and the residual inductance of the calibration standard and the parameters of the transmission line (phase constant [md / mm] and transmission loss ⁇ [dB / Hz]) and the contact position of the calibration standard
- the calibration reference characteristic at each position is automatically calculated based on Equations 1-3, and can be used for the correction calculation of Equations 10-13.
- the network analyzer can automatically predict the calibration reference value and perform RRRR calibration.
- the calibration reference for example, short-circuit reference
- the short-circuit is not sufficiently close to the short-circuit (signal between the ports). Passes through, and total reflection cannot be obtained).
- the calibration reference 26 can be brought into contact with the transmission line 12 to cause series resonance as shown in FIG. 15 (b).
- the calibration criterion 26 should use a very small capacitor.
- the impedance of the calibration reference connection is ⁇ , that is, an ideal short-circuit state. In other words, the same effect can be obtained even at a high frequency where a good short-circuit criterion is not obtained.
- FIG. 16 shows an example of a measuring jig having three ports.
- 30 is a jig board
- 31-33 are three signal conductors formed on the upper surface of the jig board
- 34 is also a signal board 31-33 sandwiching both sides of the signal conductors 31-33 on the upper surface of the jig board 30.
- the ground conductors 35-37 are connectors provided at the end of the jig board 30.
- One ends of the signal conductors 31-33 are also close to each other and oppose each other, and the other ends are connected to connectors 35-37, respectively.
- the electrical characteristics of the subject 38 having three or more terminals can be measured.
- a slot line 40 as shown in FIG. 17 may be used.
- signal conductors 41 and 42 and a ground conductor 43 are provided on the same plane with a gap.
- the method for measuring high-frequency electrical characteristics according to the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment.
- the measuring device in the present invention is not limited to a network analyzer, and any device that can measure high-frequency electrical characteristics can be used.
- Equation 1 the transmission path in which all three or more calibration reference measurements are expressed in Equation 1 is
- a calibration reference that is not limited to a plane transmission line, connect a series of through-tips, and connect a subject between signal conductors or between signal conductors and a ground conductor, A structure can be used.
- the method for measuring high-frequency electrical characteristics according to the present invention has the following effects.
- the transmission line used for correction and the transmission line used for measuring the subject are the same, the transmission line is less susceptible to the fluctuation of the transmission line. Also, the connection between the transmission line and the measuring instrument is fixed for correction and actual measurement, and there is no need to reconnect, so that accidents such as correction failure due to poor connection of the transmission line do not occur.
- the characteristics of a single component of a test object can be measured with high accuracy, and are not affected by errors in jigs and the like.
- the measurement accuracy of electronic components having an impedance higher than the characteristic impedance of the transmission line is high.
- the test object can be measured not only with two terminals but also with electronic components with three or more terminals. Therefore, the present invention is a very effective method for accurately measuring the scattering coefficient and impedance value of electronic components such as filters, force brassieres, and baluns, or impedance elements such as chip inductors and chip capacitors. It is.
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JP2006512253A JP3912428B2 (ja) | 2004-04-02 | 2004-12-21 | 電子部品の高周波電気特性測定方法および装置、高周波電気特性測定装置の校正方法 |
DE112004002805.1T DE112004002805B4 (de) | 2004-04-02 | 2004-12-21 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Messen von elektrischen Hochfrequenzcharakteristika einer elektronischen Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Kalibrieren von Vorrichtungen zum Messen von elektrischen Hochfrequenzcharakteristika |
US11/536,915 US7375534B2 (en) | 2004-04-02 | 2006-09-29 | Method and apparatus for measuring high-frequency electrical characteristics of electronic device, and method for calibrating apparatus for measuring high-frequency electrical characteristics |
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JPPCT/JP2004/004882 | 2004-04-02 | ||
PCT/JP2004/004882 WO2005101037A1 (ja) | 2004-04-02 | 2004-04-02 | 電子部品の高周波電気特性測定方法および装置 |
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US11/536,915 Continuation US7375534B2 (en) | 2004-04-02 | 2006-09-29 | Method and apparatus for measuring high-frequency electrical characteristics of electronic device, and method for calibrating apparatus for measuring high-frequency electrical characteristics |
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PCT/JP2004/019087 WO2005101035A1 (ja) | 2004-04-02 | 2004-12-21 | 電子部品の高周波電気特性測定方法および装置、高周波電気特性測定装置の校正方法 |
PCT/JP2004/019086 WO2005101034A1 (ja) | 2004-04-02 | 2004-12-21 | 電子部品の高周波電気特性測定方法および装置、高周波電気特性測定装置の校正方法 |
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PCT/JP2004/019087 WO2005101035A1 (ja) | 2004-04-02 | 2004-12-21 | 電子部品の高周波電気特性測定方法および装置、高周波電気特性測定装置の校正方法 |
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JPWO2006090550A1 (ja) * | 2005-02-22 | 2008-07-24 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 伝送路材料の誘電率測定方法およびこの誘電率測定方法を用いた電子部品の電気特性測定方法 |
DE112007002891T5 (de) | 2006-11-30 | 2009-10-29 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Nagaokakyo | Verfahren zum Korrigieren eines Hochfrequenzcharakteristikfehlers elektronischer Komponenten |
JP2012198182A (ja) * | 2011-03-23 | 2012-10-18 | Fujitsu Ltd | 校正基板および回路パラメータの測定方法 |
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JP7153309B2 (ja) * | 2018-06-04 | 2022-10-14 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | ベクトルネットワークアナライザを用いた反射係数の測定方法 |
Citations (1)
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JPH10197577A (ja) * | 1997-01-10 | 1998-07-31 | Kyocera Corp | 高周波測定の校正標準器および校正法ならびに高周波用伝送線路の伝送損失の測定方法 |
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JPH0354649A (ja) * | 1989-07-24 | 1991-03-08 | Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd | バッファ記憶制御方式 |
AU3711793A (en) * | 1992-05-02 | 1993-11-04 | Laboratorium Prof. Dr. Rudolf Berthold Gmbh & Co. Kg | A method of calibrating a network analyzer |
JPH0784879A (ja) * | 1993-09-09 | 1995-03-31 | Toshiba Corp | キャッシュメモリ装置 |
DE4433375C2 (de) * | 1993-10-26 | 1998-07-02 | Rohde & Schwarz | Verfahren zum Kalibrieren eines Netzwerkanalysators |
JPH11211766A (ja) * | 1998-01-26 | 1999-08-06 | Advantest Corp | 自動キャリブレーション装置 |
JP2000029788A (ja) * | 1998-07-15 | 2000-01-28 | Nec Corp | キャッシュメモリシステム及びそれに用いるキャッシュ制御方法並びにその制御プログラムを記録した記録媒体 |
JP2001222467A (ja) * | 2000-02-07 | 2001-08-17 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | キャッシュ装置 |
DE10242932B4 (de) * | 2002-09-16 | 2009-02-05 | Rohde & Schwarz Gmbh & Co. Kg | Das LRR-Verfahren zur Kalibrierung von vektoriellen 4-Messstellen-Netzwerkanalysatoren |
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2004
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- 2004-12-21 JP JP2006512253A patent/JP3912428B2/ja active Active
- 2004-12-21 WO PCT/JP2004/019087 patent/WO2005101035A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2004-12-21 JP JP2006512254A patent/JP3912429B2/ja active Active
- 2004-12-21 WO PCT/JP2004/019086 patent/WO2005101034A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2004-12-21 DE DE112004002805.1T patent/DE112004002805B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
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JPH10197577A (ja) * | 1997-01-10 | 1998-07-31 | Kyocera Corp | 高周波測定の校正標準器および校正法ならびに高周波用伝送線路の伝送損失の測定方法 |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPWO2006090550A1 (ja) * | 2005-02-22 | 2008-07-24 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 伝送路材料の誘電率測定方法およびこの誘電率測定方法を用いた電子部品の電気特性測定方法 |
JP4650487B2 (ja) * | 2005-02-22 | 2011-03-16 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 伝送路材料の誘電率測定方法およびこの誘電率測定方法を用いた電子部品の電気特性測定方法 |
DE112007002891T5 (de) | 2006-11-30 | 2009-10-29 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Nagaokakyo | Verfahren zum Korrigieren eines Hochfrequenzcharakteristikfehlers elektronischer Komponenten |
DE112007002891B4 (de) | 2006-11-30 | 2019-07-25 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Korrigieren eines Hochfrequenzcharakteristik-Fehlers elektronischer Komponenten |
JP2012198182A (ja) * | 2011-03-23 | 2012-10-18 | Fujitsu Ltd | 校正基板および回路パラメータの測定方法 |
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JPWO2005101034A1 (ja) | 2008-03-06 |
DE112004002808T5 (de) | 2007-02-15 |
JPWO2005101035A1 (ja) | 2008-03-06 |
JP3912428B2 (ja) | 2007-05-09 |
WO2005101037A1 (ja) | 2005-10-27 |
JP3912429B2 (ja) | 2007-05-09 |
WO2005101035A1 (ja) | 2005-10-27 |
DE112004002805B4 (de) | 2017-09-21 |
DE112004002808B4 (de) | 2017-09-21 |
DE112004002805T5 (de) | 2007-02-01 |
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