WO2005085922A1 - 光導波路チップの製造方法 - Google Patents
光導波路チップの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005085922A1 WO2005085922A1 PCT/JP2005/003410 JP2005003410W WO2005085922A1 WO 2005085922 A1 WO2005085922 A1 WO 2005085922A1 JP 2005003410 W JP2005003410 W JP 2005003410W WO 2005085922 A1 WO2005085922 A1 WO 2005085922A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/13—Integrated optical circuits characterised by the manufacturing method
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/30—Optical coupling means for use between fibre and thin-film device
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/13—Integrated optical circuits characterised by the manufacturing method
- G02B6/138—Integrated optical circuits characterised by the manufacturing method by using polymerisation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an optical waveguide chip useful as a component of an optical component such as an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer used for optical communication, and particularly to an optical waveguide chip mainly used for connection with a single mode optical fiber.
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a waveguide chip.
- an optical device in which a photolithography method is applied to a photosensitive resin on a support to form an optical axis alignment guide and an optical waveguide at the same time has been proposed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. HEI 9-163572). (See JP-A-11-316710).
- examples of photosensitive resins used in optical devices include polymers such as polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, and polyfunctional (meth)
- a photosensitive resin composition comprising a rate monomer and a photoinitiator as components is described. Disclosure of the invention
- Polymer-based optical waveguides are excellent in that they can be easily and efficiently manufactured in various shapes.However, even under severe temperature conditions, good transmission can be achieved without causing peeling cracks. There is a problem that it is difficult to maintain the characteristics (low transmission loss) stably over the long term. Therefore, a material having all of these characteristics is desired.
- the optical fiber guide is a means for fixing the optical fiber in a predetermined position, it is sufficient that the optical fiber guide satisfies characteristics such as excellent dimensional accuracy and resistance to cracking and peeling. It does not require the good transmission characteristics required for optical waveguides.
- the optical waveguide and the optical axis alignment guide are formed of the same material. I have. In other words, materials are not properly used in accordance with the characteristics required for each of the optical waveguide and the optical axis alignment guide.
- the present invention provides an optical waveguide which can stably maintain good transmission characteristics (low transmission loss) over a long period of time without causing peeling or cracking even under severe use conditions.
- An optical waveguide chip that has a rigid optical fiber guide that matches the shape and dimensions of the optical fiber and does not cause cracks, etc., can be manufactured easily and efficiently at low cost. It is intended to provide a method that can be manufactured.
- the present inventor provides a method for manufacturing an optical waveguide chip including an optical waveguide and an optical fiber guide, using a specific photosensitive composition as a material of the optical waveguide, and using the optical waveguide and the optical fiber guide. It has been conceived that the above problem can be solved by forming in a separate step, and the present invention has been completed.
- a method for manufacturing an optical waveguide chip of the present invention is a method for manufacturing an optical waveguide chip including an optical waveguide and an optical fiber guide portion for positioning an optical fiber connected to the optical waveguide, (A) a step of forming the optical waveguide using a photosensitive polysiloxane composition, and (B) a step of forming the optical fiber using the same or different photosensitive composition as the material of the optical waveguide. And a step of forming
- the method of manufacturing an optical waveguide chip of the present invention can include: (C) a step of fixing a cover member on the upper surface of the optical waveguide formed in the step (A).
- Preferred examples of the photosensitive polysiloxane composition in the method for producing an optical waveguide chip of the present invention include the following components (a) and (b):
- R 1 is a non-hydrolyzable organic groups carbon atoms containing a fluorine atom is a 1-1 2
- R 2 is a non-hydrolyzable organic group (only which is 1-1 2 carbon atoms
- X is a hydrolyzable group
- p is an integer of 1 or 2
- q is an integer of 0 or 1.
- silanol (Si-OH) groups in the bonding groups on all Si in the composition is 1 ° to 50%.
- An optical waveguide which is a component of the optical waveguide chip obtained by the method of the present invention, Because it is made of a cured product of a photosensitive polysiloxane composition, it does not peel or crack even under severe use conditions, and maintains good transmission characteristics (low transmission loss) stably for a long time. be able to.
- the optical fiber guide is formed in a process different from that of the optical waveguide, the degree of freedom in selecting materials, shapes, dimensions, and the like is high.
- the optical waveguide is formed using a low-cost material. The manufacturing cost of the chip can be reduced, or the thickness (height from the base material) can be made smaller than that of the optical waveguide to improve the manufacturing efficiency and reduce the amount of material.
- both the optical waveguide and the guide portion for the optical fiber are formed using a photosensitive composition to which a photolithographic method can be applied, the optical waveguide chip can be manufactured easily and efficiently at low cost. Can be produced.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of the optical waveguide chip of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an example of a method of manufacturing the optical waveguide chip shown in FIG. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- the method for manufacturing an optical waveguide chip of the present invention is a method for manufacturing an optical waveguide chip including an optical waveguide and an optical fiber guide for positioning an optical fiber connected to the optical waveguide, comprising: A) Using a photosensitive polysiloxane composition Forming the optical waveguide; and (B) forming the optical fiber guide using a photosensitive composition the same as or different from the material of the optical waveguide.
- one of the process (A) and the process (B) is defined as a preceding process, and the other is defined as a subsequent process.
- Typical examples of the optical waveguide chip obtained by the method of the present invention include (A) a substrate, (B) an optical waveguide formed on the substrate, and (C) an optical waveguide connected to the optical waveguide.
- the optical fiber guide includes an optical fiber guide portion formed on a base material for positioning the eye bar, and (D) a cover member fixedly disposed on the upper surface of the optical waveguide as necessary.
- Examples of the substrate include a substrate such as a silicon wafer.
- the optical waveguide includes a core portion and a cladding layer formed around the core portion and having a lower refractive index than the core portion.
- a typical example of an optical waveguide is a lower cladding layer formed on a base material, a core portion formed in a part of a region on the lower cladding layer, and a lower cladding layer covering the core portion. And an upper clad layer formed on the layer.
- a photosensitive polysiloxane composition is used as a material of the optical waveguide.
- the photosensitive polysiloxane composition is excellent in weather resistance, scratch resistance, and the like, as compared with other optical waveguide forming materials.
- Preferred examples of the photosensitive polysiloxane composition include the following components (a) to (c):
- R 1 is a non-hydrolyzable organic group containing a fluorine atom and having 1 to 12 carbon atoms
- R 2 is a non-hydrolyzable organic group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- X is a hydrolyzable group
- p is an integer of 1 or 2
- q is an integer of 0 or 1.
- a silanol (S i-OH) group which contains other components such as an organic solvent and an acid diffusion controller which are added as necessary, and occupies a bonding group on all S i in the composition; And a composition having a content of 10 to 50%.
- siliconol group represents a hydroxyl group directly bonded to silicon, such as “Si_OH”.
- an optical waveguide is formed using a photosensitive polysiloxane composition containing the above components (a) to (c) (the component (c) is an optional component and need not be blended), radiation
- low waveguide loss can be stably secured over a long period of time for light having a wide range of wavelengths from the visible region to the near-infrared region. Crack resistance, heat resistance, transparency, etc. can be obtained.
- the component (a) is at least one selected from the group consisting of a hydrolyzate of a hydrolyzable silane compound represented by the following general formula (1) and a condensate of the hydrolyzate.
- R 1 is a non-hydrolyzable organic groups carbon atoms containing a fluorine atom is a 1-1
- R 2 is a non-hydrolyzable organic group (only which is 1-1 2 carbon atoms
- X is a hydrolyzable group
- X is an integer of 1 or 2
- q is an integer of 0 or 1.
- the hydrolyzate of a hydrolyzable silane compound means not only a product in which an alkoxy group is changed to a silanol group by, for example, a hydrolysis reaction, but also a condensation of some silanol groups or a silanol group and an alkoxy group. This also means the partial condensate.
- the content of silanol groups in component (a) is preferably from 1 to 10 tmo1 / g.
- the component (a) is generally obtained by heating a hydrolyzable silane compound represented by the general formula (1) or a mixture thereof with a hydrolyzable silane compound other than the general formula (1). be able to. Heating hydrolyzes the hydrolyzable silane compound to form a hydrolyzate, or the hydrolyzate causes a condensation reaction to produce component (a).
- R 1 in the general formula (1) is a non-hydrolyzable organic group containing a fluorine atom and having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- non-hydrolyzable means that the hydrolyzable group X is a property that is stably present as it is under the conditions of hydrolysis. Examples of such non-hydrolyzable organic groups include fluorinated alkyl groups and fluorinated aryl groups.
- fluorinated alkyl group examples include a trifluoromethyl group, a trifluoropropyl group, a heptadecafluorodecyl group, a tridecafluorooctyl group, a nonafluorohexyl group and the like.
- fluorinated aryl groups include pen And a tafluorophenyl group.
- Fluorinated alkyl groups represented by the following formulas are preferred, and those having a large fluorine content such as a heptadecafluorodecyl group, a tridecafluorooctyl group, a nonafluorohexyl group and the like and having a long chain are preferred. Particularly preferred.
- the patterning property when the optical waveguide is manufactured by the photolithographic method, crack resistance and optical characteristics (low transmission loss) of the optical waveguide can be further improved.
- —P in the general formula (1) is preferably 1.
- R 2 in the general formula (1) is a non-hydrolysable organic group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms (excluding those containing a fluorine atom).
- R 2 a non-polymerizable organic group and a polymerizable organic group or any one of the organic groups can be selected.
- examples of the non-polymerizable organic group include an alkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, and a deuterated or halogenated group thereof. These may be linear, branched, cyclic, or a combination thereof.
- alkyl group examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a hexyl group, a cyclohexyl group, an octyl group and the like.
- Preferred halogen atoms include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and the like.
- aryl groups include a fuel group, a tolyl group, a xylyl group, a naphthyl group, a biphenyl group, a deuterated aryl group, and a halogenated aryl group.
- aralkyl group examples include a benzyl group and a phenylethyl group. It is.
- a group having a structural unit containing a hetero atom may be used as the non-polymerizable organic group.
- the structural unit include an ether bond, an ester bond, a sulfide bond, and the like.
- a hetero atom is contained, it is preferably non-basic.
- the polymerizable organic group is preferably an organic group having both or one of a radically polymerizable functional group and a cationically polymerizable functional group in a molecule. By introducing such a functional group, radical polymerization ⁇ cation polymerization can be caused to cure the composition more effectively.
- the cationically polymerizable functional group is more preferable than the radically polymerizable functional group. This is because the component (b) (photoacid generator) simultaneously causes not only a curing reaction in a silanol group but also a curing reaction in a cationically polymerizable functional group.
- Q in the general formula (1) is preferably 0.
- X in the general formula (1) is a hydrolyzable group.
- hydrolyzable group refers to a hydrolyzable group which is usually hydrolyzed by heating for 1 to 10 hours at a temperature of 0 to 150 ° C in the presence of a catalyst and excess water.
- examples of the catalyst include an acid catalyst and an alkali catalyst.
- Examples of the acid catalyst include monovalent or polyvalent organic acids, inorganic acids, Lewis acids and the like.
- organic acids include formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid and the like.
- Specific examples of Lewis acids include metal compounds, inorganic salts such as Ti, Zr, Al, and B, alkoxides, carboxylate, and the like.
- Al-Li catalysts include Al-Li metal or Al-earth metal.
- Examples include hydroxides, amines, acidic salts, and basic salts.
- the addition amount of the catalyst necessary for the hydrolysis is preferably 0.001 to 5% by mass, more preferably 0.002 to 1% by mass, based on all the silane compounds.
- the hydrolyzable group X include a hydrogen atom, an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, an amino group and an acyloxy group.
- alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms examples include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, a phenoxybenzyloxy group, a methoxetoxy group, an acetoxetoxy group, and a 2- ( (Meth) atalioxyethoxy, 3- (meth) acryloxypropoxy, 4- (meth) acryloxybutoxy, etc., glycidyloxy, 2- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) Epoxy group-containing alkoxy groups such as ethoxy groups, etc., oxetal group-containing alkoxy groups such as methyloxetanyl methoxy group and ethyloxetanyl methoxy group, and 6-membered ring ether groups such as oxoxy hexoxy. And the like.
- halogen atom examples include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and the like.
- hydrolyzable silane compound represented by the general formula (1) examples include trifluoromethyltrimethoxysilane, trifluoromethyltriethoxysilane, 3,3,3-trifluorotrifluorochlorosilane. , Methyl-1,3,3,3-trifluoropropyldichlorosilane, dimethoxymethyl-3,3,3-trifluorotrifluorosilane, 3,3,3_ trifluoropropyltrimethoxysilane, 3,3,3 — Trifluoropropylmethyldichlorosilane, 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6—Nonafenoleoxy / retrichlorosilane, 3,3,4,4,5,5,5 6,6,6-Nonafluorohexylmethyldichlorosilane, 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7, 7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10—Heptadecafluorodecyltrichlorosilane, 3,3,4,4,
- hydrolyzable silane compound other than the hydrolyzable silane compound represented by the general formula (1) may be used.
- hydrolyzable silane compounds include tetrachlorosilane, tetraaminosilane, tetraacetoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetrabutoxysilane, tetrafluenoxysilane, tetrabenzoyloxysilane, trimethoxysilane, Silane compounds having four hydrolyzable groups such as triethoxysilane; methyltrichlorosilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, methyltributoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, ethyltriisopropoxysila Silane compounds having three hydrolyzable groups, such as dimethyltrichlorosilane, butyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, and deuterated methyl
- the method for preparing the component (a) is not particularly limited as long as the content of the silanol group does not fall outside a specific numerical range (10 to 50% of the bonding groups on all Si).
- a method comprising the following steps 1) to 3) can be mentioned.
- the hydrolyzate of the hydrolyzable silane compound represented by the general formula (1) may partially have an unhydrolyzed hydrolyzable group.
- the component (a) is a mixture of a hydrolyzable silane compound and a hydrolyzate.
- the water represented by the general formula (1) is used.
- Siloxane oligomers can also be prepared by mixing a hydrolyzable silane compound other than the degradable silane compound.
- the hydrolyzable silane compound represented by the general formula (1) and another hydrolyzable silane compound may be added and mixed, and then heated and reacted.
- Component (a) preferably has at least one or more structures from the group consisting of the following general formulas (2) and (3).
- R 3 is a fluorine-containing non-hydrolyzable organic group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms
- R 4 is a fluorine atom-containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms which may contain a fluorine atom. It is a non-hydrolyzable organic group and may be the same as R 3 .
- the component (a) preferably further has at least one structure selected from the group consisting of the following general formulas (4) and (5).
- R 5 is Funiniru group or a fluorinated phenyl group
- R 6 is a non-hydrolyzable organic group Derconnection R 5 to carbon atoms, which may contain a fluorine atom is a 1-1 2 It ’s the same.
- Examples of the compound having the structure of the general formula (4) or the general formula (5) include, among the examples of the hydrolyzable silane compound other than the general formula (1) or the general formula (1), And a compound having a fluorinated fluorine group or a fluorinated fluorine group.
- phenyltrimethoxysilane, phenyl / retriethoxysilane, pentafluorophenyltrimethoxysilane and the like are preferably used.
- the heat resistance, patterning property, and the like of the optical waveguide can be further improved.
- the content of the silanol group in the total bonding group on the Si in the photosensitive polysiloxane composition is preferably 10 to 50 ° / 0 , and more preferably 20 to 40%. If the value is set within this numerical range, the patterning and transmission characteristics (low Waveguide loss) can be further improved.
- Component (b) is a photoacid generator. Component (b) decomposes upon irradiation with radiation, releasing an acidic active substance that causes photocuring of component (a).
- examples of the radiation include visible light, ultraviolet light, infrared light, X-rays, electron beams, a-rays, and V-rays. Above all, it is preferable to use ultraviolet light from the viewpoint that it has a certain energy level, has a high curing speed, and is relatively inexpensive and small in size.
- component (b) examples include a dimethyl salt having a structure represented by the following general formula (6), a sulfonic acid derivative having a structure represented by the following general formula (7), and the like. .
- M is a metal or metalloid constituting the central atom of the halide complex [MZ m + n ], for example, B, P, As, Sb, Fe, Sn, Bi, Al, C a, In, Ti, Zn, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, and Co.
- Z is, for example, a halogen atom or an aryl group such as F, Cl, Br, etc.
- m is the net charge of the halide complex ion
- n is the valence of M.
- Q is a monovalent or divalent organic group
- ⁇ is a monovalent organic group having 2 to 2 carbon atoms
- s is 0 or 1
- t is 1 or 2.
- Examples of the anion [MZ m + n ] in the general formula (6) include tetrafluoroborate (BF 4 —), hexafluorophosphate (PF 6 _ ), and hexafluoroantimonate (S b F 6 —), hexafnoroleoloarsenate (A s F s —), hexaclorol antimonate (S b C l 6 —), tetrafenilolate, tetrakis (triglyceride) Fluoromethylphenyl) borate, tetrax (pentafluoromethylphenyl) borate and the like.
- tetrafluoroborate BF 4 —
- PF 6 _ hexafluorophosphate
- S b F 6 — hexafluoroantimonate
- a s F s — hexafnoroleoloarsenate
- onium salt represented by the general formula (6) include an aromatic onium salt.
- Preferred examples of the aromatic oxalate include triarylsulfonium salts, compounds represented by the following general formula (8), diaryldonium salts and triarylodonium salts represented by the following general formula (9). Is mentioned.
- R 12 and R 13 are each independently hydrogen or an alkyl group, R 1 4 Water group or a OR 15 (where, R 1 5 is a monovalent organic group.) Indicates, a is an integer of 4-7, b is an integer of 1-7.
- the bonding position of each substituent to the naphthalene ring is not particularly limited. ]
- R 1 6 and R 1 7 are each a monovalent organic group, may be the same or different, one least be of R 1 6 and R 1 7 is the number of 4 or more carbon has kill group, P h 1 and P h 2 are each an aromatic group, which may be the made different in the same, Y- is a monovalent anion, periodic table group 3, 5 family fluoride anions or of, C 1 0 4 _, CF 3 S 0 3 - is an anion I O emissions selected from.
- Examples of the compounds represented by the general formula (8) include 4-hydroxy-1-naphthyltetrahydrothiophenium trifluoromethanesulfonate, 4-butoxy-11-naphthylte naphthyltetrahydrothiophene. Trifluoromethanesulfonate, 1- (4,7-dihydroxy) 1-naphthylte-trahydro Thiophene trifluoromethane sulphonate; and 11- (4,7-di-t-butoxy) -naphthylte trahydro-drothiophene trifluoromethane sulphonate.
- Examples of the jellyodium salt represented by the general formula (9) include (4-n-decyloxypheninole) pheninoleodnium hexafenoleoantimonate, and [4- (2-hydroxyn- Tetradeci mouth phenol) Feninolenodium Hexafnoreo mouth antimonate, [4-1 (2-hydroxy-1-n-tetradesi mouth xy) feninole] Phenoinoletone Trifnoreo mouth Sulfonate , [41- (2-hydroxy-n-tetradecyloxy) phenyl] phenylinodenoxyhexathreo-phosphate, [4-1 (2-hydroxy-n-tetradecyloxy) phenyl] phenyododenimtetrakis (Pentafluorophenol) Borate, bis (4-t-butanol) Nimmonate, bis (4-t-p-tinolefene), bis
- Examples of the sulfonic acid derivative represented by the general formula (7) include disulfones, disulfonyl / resiazomethanes, disulfonylmethanes, sulfonylbenzoylmethanes, imidosnolephonates, benzoin sulfonates, and 1-methoxy-2- Snolefonates of hydroxy-3-propylanolone, including pyrogallol trisulfonates, benzylsulfonates, etc.
- imidosulfonates are preferred, and trifluoromethylsulfonate derivatives are particularly preferred.
- the amount of component (b) (photoacid generator) to be added is not particularly limited, but is preferably from 0.01 to 15 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of component (a). More preferably, it is 0.1 to 10 parts by mass. If the amount is less than 0.1 part by mass, the photocurability tends to decrease, and a sufficient curing speed tends not to be obtained. If the amount exceeds 15 parts by mass, the obtained cured product tends to have reduced weather resistance and heat resistance.
- the photosensitive polysiloxane composition includes, in addition to the component (a) and the component (b), an organic solvent, an acid diffusion controller, a reactive diluent, a radical generator (photopolymerization initiator), a photosensitizer, Metal alkoxides, inorganic fine particles, dehydrating agents, leveling agents, polymerization inhibitors, polymerization initiation aids, wetting improvers, surfactants, plasticizers, ultraviolet absorbers, antioxidants, antistatic agents, silanes Coupling agents, polymer additives, and the like can be added.
- an organic solvent includes, in addition to the component (a) and the component (b), an organic solvent, an acid diffusion controller, a reactive diluent, a radical generator (photopolymerization initiator), a photosensitizer, Metal alkoxides, inorganic fine particles, dehydrating agents, leveling agents, polymerization inhibitors, polymerization initiation aids, wetting improvers, surfactants, plasticizer
- the storage stability of the composition can be improved and an appropriate viscosity can be imparted, and an optical waveguide having a uniform thickness can be obtained. Can be formed.
- organic solvent examples include an ether-based organic solvent, an ester-based organic solvent, a ketone-based organic solvent, a hydrocarbon-based organic solvent, and an alcohol-based organic solvent.
- organic solvent having a boiling point at atmospheric pressure in the range of 50 to 200 ° C. and capable of uniformly dissolving each component.
- organic solvents examples include aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents, aromatic hydrocarbon solvents, monoalcohol solvents, polyhydric alcohol solvents, and ketone solvents. Solvents, ether solvents, ester solvents, nitrogen-containing solvents, sulfur-containing solvents, and the like. These organic solvents are used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Preferred examples of the organic solvent include alcohols and ketones from the viewpoint of improving the storage stability of the composition. More preferable examples include propylene glycol cornole monomethinoleate / le, ethinole lactate, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl amyl ketone, toluene, xylene, methanol and the like.
- the type of the organic solvent is selected in consideration of the method of applying the composition and the like.
- glycol ethers such as ethylene glycol monoethyl ether and propylene glycol monomethyl ether
- Mouth Ethylene glycol alkyl ether acetates such as sonole acetate, propylene glycol metholenate enoate acetate, propylene glycol ether ether acetate, etc .
- ethyl lactate, 2-hide Esters such as ethyl ethyl roxypropionate
- diethylene glycol monomethyl ether diethylene glycolose resin methinolate ethere, diethylene glycol monoles such as dimethyleneglycol / reethi / lemethinoleether, etc .
- the compounding amount of the organic solvent is preferably from 1 to 300 parts by mass, more preferably from 2 to 200 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the component (a). When the amount is within this range, the storage stability of the composition can be improved, an appropriate viscosity can be imparted, and an optical waveguide having a uniform thickness can be formed.
- the method for adding the organic solvent is not particularly limited.
- the organic solvent may be added when the component (a) is produced, or when the component (a) and the component (b) are mixed. It may be added.
- the acid diffusion controlling agent is a compound having a function of controlling the diffusion of an acidic active substance generated from a photoacid generator by light irradiation in a film and suppressing a curing reaction in a non-irradiated region.
- the acid diffusion controlling agent is defined as a compound having no acid generating function to be distinguished from the photoacid generator by definition.
- the composition can be effectively cured and the pattern accuracy can be improved.
- a nitrogen-containing organic compound whose basicity is not changed by exposure or heat treatment is preferable.
- R 13 , R 19 and R 2 ° each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group.
- the nitrogen-containing organic compound include diamino compounds having two nitrogen atoms in the same molecule, diamino polymers having three or more nitrogen atoms, amide group-containing compounds, and perylene compounds. And nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds.
- nitrogen-containing organic compound examples include, for example, n-hexylamine, n-heptylamine, n-octylamine, n-nonylamine, n-decyl Monoarukiruami emissions such as ⁇ Mi emissions; di one n - Buchiruami emissions, di n - pen Chiruamin, di n- to Kishiruami down, Puchiruami down to di n-, di one n Okuchiruami emissions, di one n- Noniruami down, di Dialkylamines such as 1-n-decylamine; triethylamine, tri-n-propylamine, tri-n-butylamine, tri-n-pentynoleamine, tri-n-hexylamine, Triquinoreamins such as tri-n-heptylamine, tri_n-octylamine, tri-n-noninoleamine, tri-n-dec /
- the acid diffusion controller can be used singly or as a mixture of two or more.
- the amount of the acid diffusion controller to be added is preferably 0.001 to 15 parts by mass, more preferably 0.005 to 5 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the component (a). If the addition amount is less than 0.001 part by mass, the pattern shape and dimensional reproducibility of the optical waveguide may be reduced depending on the process conditions. If the amount exceeds 15 parts by mass, the photocurability of the component (a) may decrease.
- the photosensitive polysiloxane composition is used as a lower layer composition, a core composition, and an upper layer composition to form a lower cladding layer, a core portion, and an upper cladding layer constituting an optical waveguide, respectively. Can be used.
- Such a lower layer composition, a core composition and an upper layer composition are designed so that the refractive index of each part finally obtained satisfies the conditions required for the optical waveguide. It is possible to use compositions having different compositions from each other it can. However, the composition for the lower layer and the composition for the upper layer are preferably the same from the viewpoint of facilitating the production of the optical waveguide and increasing the efficiency.
- composition having a high refractive index is used as a core composition, and a composition having a low refractive index is obtained.
- a composition having a high refractive index is used as a core composition, and a composition having a low refractive index is obtained.
- the viscosity of the photosensitive polysiloxane composition at 25 ° C is preferably 5 to 5, OOOMPas, more preferably 10 to 1, OOOMPas. If the viscosity exceeds 5,000 mPa ⁇ s, it may be difficult to form a uniform coating film.
- the viscosity can be appropriately adjusted by adjusting the amount of the organic solvent or the like.
- the same or different photosensitive composition as the material of the optical waveguide is used.
- examples of the photosensitive composition different from the material of the optical waveguide include a photosensitive composition containing a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated group, and a photosensitive polysiloxane composition of a type different from the material of the optical waveguide. And the like.
- examples of the photosensitive composition containing a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated group include (A) a copolymer obtained by copolymerizing a radically polymerizable compound having a carboxyl group with another radically polymerizable compound. And a photosensitive composition containing (B) a compound having two or more polymerizable reactive groups in a molecule, and (C) a photopolymerization initiator.
- the copolymer (A) is obtained by radically copolymerizing a radically polymerizable compound having a carboxyl group with another radically polymerizable compound in a solvent. It is.
- radical polymerizable compound having a carboxyl group examples include monocarboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and crotonic acid; dicarboxylic acids such as maleic acid, fumaric acid, citraconic acid, mesaconic acid, and itaconic acid; Methacrylic acid having a phenolic group and ester bond, such as 2-succinoloy / reethynolemethacrylate, 2-maleino / reethynolemethacrylate, and 2-hexahydrodophthaloylethyl methacrylate Derivatives and the like.
- monocarboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and crotonic acid
- dicarboxylic acids such as maleic acid, fumaric acid, citraconic acid, mesaconic acid, and itaconic acid
- Methacrylic acid having a phenolic group and ester bond such as 2-succinoloy
- the proportion of the radically polymerizable compound having a carbonyl group in the copolymer (A) is 3 to 50% by mass, preferably 5 to 40% by mass. If the ratio is out of this numerical range, the dimensional accuracy of the cured product of the photosensitive composition tends to decrease.
- radically polymerizable compounds are used to control mechanical properties, glass transition temperature, refractive index, and the like.
- Preferred examples of the compound include (meth) acrylic acid alkyl esters, (meth) acrylic acid aryl esters, dicarboxylic acid diesters, aromatic vinyls, conjugated diolefins, and containing a nitrile group.
- examples include a polymerizable compound, a chlorine-containing polymerizable compound, an amide bond-containing polymerizable compound, and fatty acid vinyls.
- the compound examples include methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, isopropyl (meth) acrylate, n-butyl (meth) acrylate, and sec-butyl (meth) acrylate.
- methyl (meta) acrylate, n-butyl (meta) acrylate, styrene, ⁇ -methyl / styrene, dicyclopentadiene / reoxyethyl / methyl acrylate, isopol- (Meth) acrylate and dicyclopentyl (meth) acrylate are preferably used.
- the proportion of the copolymer (Alpha) other radical polymerizable compounds occupied in is 5 0-9 7 wt%, preferably 6 0-9 5 mass 0/0.
- Examples of the polymerization solvent used for synthesizing the copolymer ( ⁇ ) include phenolic glycols such as methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol corn, diethylene glycol phenol, propylene glycol; and cyclic ether phenols such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane.
- phenolic glycols such as methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol corn, diethylene glycol phenol, propylene glycol
- cyclic ether phenols such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane.
- polymerization catalysts examples include 2,2, -azobisisobutyl-tolyl, 2,2,2-azobis-mono (2,4-dimethinolenoleronitrinole), and 2,2'-azobisiso (4-methoxyethoxy).
- Azo compounds such as 1 2'-dimethylvaleronitrile); benzizolenoreoxide, lauroinorenoleoxide, t-butinolenolenoxipivalate, 1,1'-bis- (t-butyl / renoleoxy) cyclohexane, etc.
- Organic peroxides hydrogen peroxide and the like.
- a peroxide is used as the radical polymerization initiator
- a redox initiator may be used in combination with a reducing agent.
- the glass transition temperature of the copolymer (A) is preferably from 20 to 150 ° C. Glass transition temperature is defined using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). If the temperature is lower than 20 ° C., there may be a problem due to stickiness when laminating on a substrate. When the temperature exceeds 150 ° C, the photosensitive composition is cured. There may be inconveniences such as an object becoming excessively hard and brittleness.
- DSC differential scanning calorimeter
- Compound (B) is a compound containing two or more polymerizable reactive groups in the molecule.
- the polymerizable reactive group include an ethylenically unsaturated group and a cyclic ether.
- Examples of the compound (B) include a compound containing two or more ethylenically unsaturated groups in the molecule, a compound containing two or more cyclic ethers in the molecule, and the like. Among them, compounds containing two or more ethylenically unsaturated groups in the molecule are preferably used.
- Examples of the compound containing two or more ethylenically unsaturated groups in the molecule include a compound containing two or more (meth) atalyloyl groups or vinyl groups in the molecule.
- Examples of compounds containing two (meth) atalyloyl groups in the molecule include ethylenic glycol / resid (meta) atalilate, tetraethylene glycol / resid (meta) atalylate, and polyethylene glycol copolymer (meta).
- Examples of the compound containing three or more (meth) acryloyl groups in the molecule include a compound in which three or more moles of (meth) atalylic acid are ester-bonded to a polyhydric alcohol having three or more hydroxyl groups.
- a compound in which three or more moles of (meth) atalylic acid are ester-bonded to a polyhydric alcohol having three or more hydroxyl groups For example, trimethylolpropane tri (meta) atalilate, pentaerythritol tri (meta) atalilate, trimethylolpropane trioxetyl (meta) atalylate, tris (2-hydroxyxethyl) isocyanurate Tri (meta) acrylate and dipentaerythritol hexyl (meta) acrylate.
- polyether acryl oligomers having a polyether, polyester, or polyurethane skeleton in the main chain polyester acryl oligomers, polyester acryl oligomers, or polyepoxy acryl oligomers can also be used.
- Examples of compounds containing two or more cyclic ethers in the molecule include compounds such as oxylane compounds, oxetane compounds, oxolane compounds, and the like, which contain two or more cyclic ethers in the molecule. No.
- oxysilane compounds include 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethylone 3,4,1-epoxycyclohexane power / repoxylate, 2- (3,4-epoxycyclohexylone 1,5,5-spiro) 1,3,4-epoxy) cyclohexane-meta-dioxane, bis (3,4-epoxycyclohex ⁇ / methyl) adipate, bulcyclohexene oxide, 41-bierepoxycyclohexane, bis (3,4- Epoxy-6-methylcyclohexylmethyl) adipate, 3,4-Epoxy-6-methinoresic mouth hexinole-1,3,4 'Epoxy-16'-methylcyclohexanol oleboxylate, methylenbis (3,4) —Epoxycyclohexane, dicyclopentadiene epoxide, ethylene glycol di (3,4-epoxycyclohexan
- oxetane compounds include 3,7-bis (3-oxetanyl) -15-oxanonane, 3,3,1- (1,3- (2-methylenyl) propane Di-bis (oxymethylene)) bis- (3-ethyloxetane), 1,4-bis [(3-ethynoleic 3-oxetanylmethoxy) methinole] benzene, 1,2-bis [(3-ethynoley 3-oxetaninolemethoxy) methinole] 1,3-bis [(3-ethyl-1-3-oxetanylmethoxy) methyl] propane, ethyleneglycol / levis (3-ethynole-3-oxetaninolemethinole) Athene, dicyclopenteninolevis (3 —Echinodiae 3—oxetanyinolemethinole) Ethenole, triethyleneglyconelebis (3—ethynole
- Examples of the compound other than (1) and (2) include a compound containing at least one reactive group of each of an ethylenically unsaturated group and a cyclic ether in a molecule.
- Examples of such compounds include glycidyl (meth) acrylate, vinyl cyclohexene oxide, 4-bininole epoxycyclohexane, 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl (meth) acrylate.
- the compounding amount of the compound (II) is preferably 30 to 150 parts by mass, more preferably 50 to 130 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the copolymer (II). If the amount is less than 30 parts by mass, the dimensional accuracy of the cured product of the composition may be reduced. If the amount exceeds 150 parts by mass, compatibility with the copolymer ( ⁇ ) will occur. And the surface of the cured product of the composition may be roughened.
- Photopolymerization initiators include those that decompose upon irradiation with light to generate radicals (photoradical polymerization initiators) and those that generate cations upon irradiation with light (optical power polymerization initiators).
- photo-radical polymerization initiators include acetofenone, acetofenone penzinolequentole, 1-hydroxycyclohexynolelefeninoletone, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylenoleacetophenone, xanthone, f / leolenone, Benzanoledaldehyde, phnoleolene, anthraquinone, triphenylenorea, canolebazole, 3-methizolease tophenone, 4-chlorobenzophenone, 4,4'-dimethoxybenzophenone, 4,4 'diaminobenzophenone Enone, Michla ketone, Benzoinpropinoleone, Benzoinechi / Liethenole, Benzyldimethylketal, 1-1 (41-Isopropylphene) 1 2 —Hydroxy 1 2—Methynolepropane 1 —one
- the content ratio of the photopolymerization initiator in the photosensitive composition is preferably 0.1 to 10 mass. / 0 , more preferably 0.2 to 5% by mass.
- the proportion is less than 0.1% by mass, the curing of the composition is delayed, and the production efficiency may be reduced. If the proportion exceeds 10% by mass, the mechanical properties and the like of the composition may deteriorate.
- a photosensitizer an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, a light stabilizer, a silane coupling agent, a coating surface improving agent may be used.
- the cover member is a plate-like member fixed to the upper surface of the optical waveguide via an adhesive.
- the material of the cover member is not particularly limited as long as it is a material having low moisture permeability. From the viewpoint of a low coefficient of linear expansion, strength, and the like, glass, quartz, and the like are preferable.
- the thickness of the cover member is not particularly limited, but is usually 50 to 1, 000 ⁇ m.
- a photocurable adhesive is preferably used from the viewpoint of the production efficiency of the optical waveguide and the curability at room temperature.
- the photo-curable adhesive include an ultraviolet-curable acrylic adhesive, an ultraviolet-curable epoxy adhesive, and an ultraviolet-curable silicone adhesive.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of an optical waveguide chip obtained by the method of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an example of a method of manufacturing the optical waveguide chip shown in FIG. FIG. 2 shows a state in which the optical waveguide chip is viewed in the direction of arrow A in FIG.
- an optical waveguide chip 1 is formed on a substrate 2 such as a silicon wafer, an optical waveguide 3 formed on the substrate 2, and a distance from the optical waveguide 3 on the substrate 2. It is composed of optical fiber guides 4 and 4 and a cover member (glass II) fixed to the upper surface of the optical waveguide 3.
- the optical waveguide 3 includes a lower cladding layer 6, a core portion 7 formed in a part of a region on the lower cladding layer 6, and a lower cladding layer 6 covering the core portion 7. And an upper cladding layer 8 formed on the upper surface.
- the lower cladding layer 6 and the upper cladding layer are usually made of the same material, and become a clad layer integrally formed around the core part 7 after the completion of the optical waveguide 3.
- An example of the method for manufacturing the optical waveguide chip of the present invention is as follows.
- a photosensitive polysiloxane composition for a lower cladding layer is applied to the upper surface of a substrate 2 such as a silicon wafer, and then dried or prebaked (heat treatment as a pretreatment). A thin film for the lower cladding layer is formed.
- a spin coating method is preferably used because a thin film having a uniform thickness is obtained.
- the thin film for the lower cladding layer is irradiated with light through a photomask having a predetermined shape to partially cure the material constituting the thin film.
- the light used for the irradiation is not particularly limited.
- Light in the ultraviolet to visible region of 450 nm preferably light containing ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 365 nm is used.
- the light has an illuminance of 1 to 1 000 mW / cm 2 at a wavelength of 200 to 450 nm, an irradiation dose of 0.1 Ol SOO Om jZ cm 2 , preferably 0.1 to 1;
- the object to be irradiated (photosensitive polysiloxane composition) is irradiated in a predetermined pattern so as to obtain OO Om jZ cm 2 .
- the unirradiated portion (unexposed portion) is developed with a developer to remove the uncured unnecessary portion, and the lower cladding layer 6 made of a patterned cured film is formed on the substrate 2. Is formed ((a) in FIG. 2).
- a developer used for development a solution obtained by diluting a basic substance with a solvent can be used.
- examples of the basic substance include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium silicate, sodium metasilicate, ammonia, ethylamine, n-propylamine, getylamine, di-n — Propylamine, triethylamine, methylethylamine, ethanolamine, N-methylethanolamine, N, N-dimethylethanolamine, triethanolamine, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium Droxide, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, choline, pyrroline, piperidine, 1,8-diazabicyclo [5,4.0] 17-ndecene, 1,5-diazabicyclo [4.3.0] — 5-nonane and the like.
- Solvents include, for example, water, methanol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, butanol, octanol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl / chez ⁇ , N-methinolepyrrolidone, formamide, N, N-dimethylform Amide, N, N-dimethyl acetate amide and the like.
- the concentration of the basic substance in the developer is usually from 0.05 to 25% by mass, preferably Ku is 1.0 to 1 0. 0 mass 0/0.
- the development time is usually 30 to 600 seconds.
- a liquid filling method, a dive method, a shower developing method, or the like can be employed.
- the organic solvent is directly air-dried to evaporate the organic solvent to form a patterned thin film.
- water or aqueous solution
- water or aqueous solution
- air dry using compressed air or compressed nitrogen to remove moisture.
- a patterned thin film is formed.
- a heat treatment is preferably performed to accelerate the curing of the exposed portion.
- the heating conditions vary depending on the composition of the photosensitive polysiloxane composition, types of additives, and the like, but are usually 30 to 200 ° C, preferably 50 to 150 ° C. is there.
- post-exposure bake it is preferable to perform a post beta (post-bake) so that the entire surface of the thin film is sufficiently cured.
- the heating conditions vary depending on the composition of the photosensitive polysiloxane composition, the type of additives, and the like, but are usually 30 to 400 ° C, preferably 50 to 300 ° C. is there.
- the heating time is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 5 minutes to 72 hours.
- the method of applying the photosensitive polysiloxane composition when forming the lower cladding layer, the amount and method of irradiating light (energy rays) at the time of exposure, and the like are described below for the core section, upper cladding layer, It can also be applied when forming guides.
- a composition for forming a core (a photosensitive polysiloxane composition having a higher refractive index than that of the cladding layer) 10 is applied to the upper surface of the lower cladding layer 6, dried, and pre-betaed if necessary. (See Fig. 2 (b)).
- a boss bake is performed at a temperature of, for example, 30 to 400 ° C. for 5 to 600 minutes.
- the core 7 in a good cured state is obtained.
- the photosensitive polysiloxane composition for forming the upper cladding layer is applied from above the cured body composed of the core part 7 and the lower cladding layer 6, dried, and prebaked as necessary to form the upper part. A thin film for a cladding layer is formed.
- the upper surface of the thin film for the upper cladding layer is irradiated with light through a photomask having a predetermined line pattern.
- the film is developed with a developing solution to remove uncured unnecessary portions, thereby forming an upper cladding layer 8 composed of only the exposed portions (cured portions) ((e) in FIG. 2).
- the upper clad layer 8 be further subjected to the same heat treatment (boss bake) as in the formation of the lower clad layer, if necessary.
- the heat treatment post bake
- the upper cladding layer 8 having excellent hardness and heat resistance can be obtained.
- a photosensitive composition for example, a photosensitive polysiloxane composition whose refractive index has not been adjusted, a photosensitive (meta) acrylate composition, etc.
- a photosensitive composition is applied on the substrate 2 on which the optical waveguide 3 is formed. Then, it is dried and, if necessary, is pre-betaed to form a thin film for forming a guide portion for an optical fiber.
- a predetermined lamination is placed on the upper surface of the thin film for forming the optical fiber guide.
- Light irradiation is performed through a photomask having an in-pattern. After irradiation, it is developed with a developing solution to remove uncured unnecessary portions, thereby forming optical fiber guides 4 and 4 consisting only of exposed portions (cured portions) ((() in FIG. 2). ).
- a heating means such as a hot plate at a predetermined temperature (for example, 30 to 400 ° C.) for a predetermined time (for example, 5 to 600 minutes), It is possible to obtain the optical fiber guides 4, 4 in a good cured state.
- the optical fiber guides 4, 4 are two molded bodies formed at predetermined positions on the substrate 2 so as to be separated from the optical waveguide 3 by an appropriate distance.
- an optical fiber 13 see (h) in Fig. 2) between them, the optical axis of the optical fiber 13 coincides with the optical axis of the core 7 (reference G in Fig. 3). It is to let.
- the optical fiber 13 can be fixed by bonding the optical fiber 13 and the optical fiber guides 4, 4 with a photocurable adhesive (for example, a UV adhesive).
- a photocurable adhesive for example, a UV adhesive
- optical fiber guides 4 and 4 may be formed integrally with the optical waveguide 3.
- the distance between the optical fiber guides 4 and 4 and the height of the core 7 are determined according to the diameter of the optical fiber connected to the optical waveguide 3.
- the optical waveguide chip obtained by the method of the present invention is particularly suitable for connecting a single mode optical fiber.
- the single-mode optical fiber has a small core diameter of about 10 ⁇ m, which is about 1/5 the diameter of the multi-mode optical fiber core.
- a cover member 5 such as a glass plate is fixed to the upper surface of the optical waveguide 3 with an adhesive, whereby the optical waveguide chip 1 is completed (FIG. 2). (G)).
- the optical waveguide chip 1 is used by fitting an optical fiber 13 between the optical fiber guides 4 and 4 ((h) in FIG. 2). It should be noted that the order of forming each part when manufacturing the optical waveguide chip 1 is not limited to the above-described order. For example, after the optical fiber guides 4 and 4 are formed on the substrate 2, the optical waveguide 3 may be formed, and the cover member 5 may be further fixed. [Example]
- the silanol content in “Composition No. 1” was calculated to be 30% by the following method.
- the composition No. 1 was diluted using a deuterated solvent form as a NMR measurement solvent, and the silanol content was measured by Si—NMR. Specifically, multiple silane components with different substituents and bonding groups appearing from 120 ppm to 160 ppm are separated into peaks by curve fitting, and the mole% of each component is calculated from the peak area ratio. did. The number of silanol groups in each of the obtained components was multiplied to calculate the ratio (%) of the binding groups on all Si.
- acryl polymer solution 1 (133.33 g), methyltrimethoxysilane (23.136 g), phenyltrimethoxysilane (193.48 g), distilled water ( After containing 10.84 g) and oxalic acid (0.30 g), the mixture was heated and stirred at 60 ° C for 6 hours to give an acrylic polymer solution 1, methyltrimethoxysilane, and phenyltrime. Hydrolysis of toxic silane was performed.
- phenyltrimethoxysilane (30.79 g), 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,1,1 0,10,10—Heptadecafluorodecyltriethoxysilane (2.264 g), tetraethoxysilane (4.62 g), 1-Methoxy-12-propanol (29. After 93 g) and oxalic acid (0.04 g) were added and stirred, the temperature of the solution was heated to 60 ° C. Then, distilled water (1.198 g) was added dropwise, and after completion of the addition, the solution was stirred at 120 ° C for 6 hours.
- Siloxane oligomer solution 3 solid content and organic solvent 9
- the silanol content in “Composition No. 3” was calculated to be 29% in the same manner as in the method of “Composition No. 1” described above.
- phenyltrimethoxysilane (76.9 g), methyltrimethoxysilane (101.7 g), distilled water (45.9 g), oxalic acid (0. After containing 1 g), the mixture was heated and stirred at 60 ° C. for 6 hours to hydrolyze phenyltrimethoxysilane and methyltrimethoxysilane.
- the reaction product was dropped into a large amount of hexane to solidify the reaction product.
- the coagulated product was redissolved in the same mass of tetrahydrofuran, and the solution was added dropwise to a large amount of hexane to coagulate. After performing the operation of re-dissolution and re-solidification three times in total, the obtained coagulated product was vacuum-dried at 40 ° C. for 48 hours to obtain a copolymer (glass transition temperature: 58 ° C.).
- the composition No. 1 obtained by the above-described preparation method was applied on a silicon wafer by a spin coater, dried at 120 ° C for 10 minutes, and then irradiated at a wavelength of 365 nm and an illuminance of 20 nm. Irradiation with ultraviolet light of mWZ cm 2 was performed for 1 minute with an exposure machine (Sooth 'Mikeguchi Tech Co., Ltd. Photoliner). Further, by heating at 200 ° C. for 1 hour, a lower cladding layer having a thickness of 58 ⁇ m was formed. The refractive index of light at a wavelength of 1550 nm in this lower cladding layer was 1.439. Then, the composition No.
- the composition No. 1 was applied to the upper surface of the core portion and the lower clad layer by a spin coater, dried at 120 ° C for 10 minutes, and then emitted at a wavelength of 365 nm and an illuminance of 20 mW. // Irradiated with UV light of cm 2 for 10 minutes. Further, by heating at 300 ° C. for 1 hour, an upper clad layer having a thickness of 15 / m was formed. The refractive index of light at a wavelength of 1550 nm in the upper cladding layer was 1.439.
- the composition No. 5 was applied on a silicon wafer by a spin coater, and then 100. After drying for 10 minutes in the same oven, ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 365 nm and an illuminance of 20 mW / cm 2 were irradiated for 2 minutes. Further, by heating at 150 ° C. for 1 hour, a guide portion for optical fiber (thickness: 70 ⁇ ) was formed.
- an optical fiber having a diameter of 125 m was joined along the guide portion for the optical fiber, and fixed using a UV adhesive (trade name: GA700L, manufactured by NTT-AT). Furthermore, a glass plate (thickness: 100 ⁇ m) was fixed to the upper surface of the optical waveguide via a UV adhesive to complete a linear optical waveguide chip (waveguide length: 15 mm).
- An optical waveguide chip was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that no glass plate was provided on the upper surface of the optical waveguide.
- composition for the optical waveguide was used and the guide for the optical waveguide and the optical fiber were simultaneously and integrally formed so that the horizontal cross section was substantially Y-shaped.
- An optical waveguide chip was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the material of the guide portion for an optical fiber is the same as the material (composition N 0.1 ) of the cladding layer of the optical waveguide.
- An optical waveguide was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that composition No. 2 was used instead of composition No. 1 and composition No. 4 was used instead of composition No. 3. A chip was made.
- An optical waveguide chip was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 3, except that no glass plate was provided on the upper surface of the optical waveguide.
- Example 3 In the same manner as in Example 3, except that only the composition for the optical waveguide was used, and the optical waveguide and the guide portion for the optical fiber were simultaneously and integrally formed so that the horizontal cross section was substantially Y-shaped, An optical waveguide chip was manufactured.
- the material of the guide portion for the optical fiber is the same as the material (composition No. 2) of the cladding layer of the optical waveguide.
- the physical properties of the optical waveguide chip were evaluated by the following methods.
- the number (X) of the optical waveguide chips having no damage such as cracks was counted and defined as a yield (xZ100).
- the amount of light emitted from one end of the optical waveguide when 1.55 m of light enters from one end of the optical waveguide is determined by the power of a light meter (product name: MT9810A, manufactured by Anritsu). It was measured with a meter and the input loss [dB] was obtained.
- the optical waveguide chips (Examples 1 to 4) obtained by the method of the present invention were manufactured by simultaneously and integrally forming an optical waveguide and an optical fiber guide (Comparative Examples 1, 2).
- the insertion loss after the thermal shock test is smaller than that of 2), and excellent optical characteristics can be stably exhibited over a long period of time even under severe use conditions.
- the optical waveguide chip having the cover member provided on the optical waveguide (Examples 1 and 3) has a higher production yield than the case where the cover member is not provided (Examples 2 and 4), and is preferable. I understand.
- silanol (S) occupying the bonding groups on all Si in the photosensitive polysiloxane composition is used.
- Examples 1 and 2 When a composition having a content of (1-OH) group of 10 to 50% is used (Examples 1 and 2), the temperature is lower than that when the conditions are not satisfied (Examples 3 and 4). It can be seen that the insertion loss before and after the impact test is small and the optical characteristics are more excellent.
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2005
- 2005-02-23 WO PCT/JP2005/003410 patent/WO2005085922A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-02-23 KR KR1020067018388A patent/KR20060124750A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-02-23 JP JP2006510677A patent/JPWO2005085922A1/ja active Pending
- 2005-02-23 US US10/591,913 patent/US20070189671A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-03-03 TW TW094106456A patent/TW200537145A/zh unknown
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JPS5488145A (en) * | 1977-12-26 | 1979-07-13 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Optical system for solid-state image sensor |
JPS6360409A (ja) * | 1986-09-01 | 1988-03-16 | Fujitsu Ltd | 光部品の保護構造 |
JP2001318248A (ja) * | 2000-05-12 | 2001-11-16 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 高分子光導波路の製造方法 |
JP2003227949A (ja) * | 2002-02-06 | 2003-08-15 | Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd | 光導波路形成材料及び光導波路の製造方法 |
JP2003246930A (ja) * | 2002-02-25 | 2003-09-05 | Jsr Corp | 感放射線性屈折率変化性組成物および屈折率変化法 |
Cited By (1)
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JP2008248239A (ja) * | 2007-03-08 | 2008-10-16 | Toray Ind Inc | シロキサン樹脂組成物、それを用いた硬化膜および光学デバイス |
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TW200537145A (en) | 2005-11-16 |
KR20060124750A (ko) | 2006-12-05 |
US20070189671A1 (en) | 2007-08-16 |
JPWO2005085922A1 (ja) | 2008-01-24 |
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