WO2004083309A1 - 放射線硬化型組成物、光導波路およびその形成方法 - Google Patents
放射線硬化型組成物、光導波路およびその形成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004083309A1 WO2004083309A1 PCT/JP2003/013371 JP0313371W WO2004083309A1 WO 2004083309 A1 WO2004083309 A1 WO 2004083309A1 JP 0313371 W JP0313371 W JP 0313371W WO 2004083309 A1 WO2004083309 A1 WO 2004083309A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D183/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D183/04—Polysiloxanes
- C09D183/08—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to organic groups containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L83/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L83/04—Polysiloxanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L83/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L83/04—Polysiloxanes
- C08L83/08—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to organic groups containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/13—Integrated optical circuits characterised by the manufacturing method
- G02B6/138—Integrated optical circuits characterised by the manufacturing method by using polymerisation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/0005—Production of optical devices or components in so far as characterised by the lithographic processes or materials used therefor
- G03F7/001—Phase modulating patterns, e.g. refractive index patterns
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/075—Silicon-containing compounds
- G03F7/0757—Macromolecular compounds containing Si-O, Si-C or Si-N bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2666/00—Composition of polymers characterized by a further compound in the blend, being organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials, non-macromolecular organic substances, inorganic substances or characterized by their function in the composition
- C08L2666/66—Substances characterised by their function in the composition
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B2006/12083—Constructional arrangements
- G02B2006/121—Channel; buried or the like
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/0046—Photosensitive materials with perfluoro compounds, e.g. for dry lithography
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/038—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable
- G03F7/0382—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable the macromolecular compound being present in a chemically amplified negative photoresist composition
Definitions
- the present invention provides an optical circuit used in an optical communication field, an optical information processing field, and the like.
- the present invention relates to a radiation-curable composition, an optical waveguide using the same, and a method for forming the optical waveguide.
- Optical waveguides used in these transmission systems include, for example, optical devices, optical integrated circuits (OEICs), and optical integrated circuits (optical ICs) for realizing large-capacity information transmission such as movies and moving images and optical computers. It is a basic component in. Optical waveguides are being studied intensively due to the large demand. On the other hand, particularly high performance and low cost products are required.
- a silica-based optical waveguide and a polymer-based optical waveguide are conventionally known.
- quartz-based optical waveguides have better transmission characteristics than polymer-based optical waveguides, but the vitrification step (1200 ° C) performed following the deposition of oxide fine particles The above) and etching treatments are required, so that strict manufacturing conditions for a long time are required for manufacturing.
- polymer-based optical waveguides use spin coating or dip coating. In addition to being able to form thin films easily, etc., it is possible to produce them by low-temperature processes using reactive ion etching (RIE) or photolithography. In particular, since an optical waveguide using photolithography can be manufactured in a short time, there is an advantage that it can be formed more easily and at lower cost than a silica-based optical waveguide.
- RIE reactive ion etching
- high heat-resistant polysiloxane has been proposed for a long time.
- the refractive index can be controlled by introducing a phenyl group, a methyl group, and an ethyl group into the polymer. Cracking has been imparted.
- a radiation-curable technology has been reported by introducing a radiation-sensitive group into a polysiloxane-based material conventionally known as a thermosetting material (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-66). No. 051 and JP-A-6-1099336).
- the conventional polymer-based optical waveguide is relatively easy to manufacture itself as compared with the quartz-based optical waveguide, but satisfies both low transmission loss and crack resistance, and has a peeling-off crack. It was required to have all the properties that can be used stably for a long time without causing any problems.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a waveguide having a wide range of wavelengths from the visible region to the near-infrared region, having a small waveguide loss, and having excellent crack resistance, heat resistance, patterning property upon irradiation with radiation, and the like.
- An object is to easily and inexpensively produce a material and an optical waveguide formed using the material.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for forming an optical waveguide that can form such an optical waveguide in a short time and with a simple process.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, a radiation-curable composition containing a siloxane oligomer having a non-hydrolyzable organic group containing a fluorine atom and a photoacid generator as components,
- the present inventors have found that the resin is extremely suitable as a resin for forming an optical waveguide, and have completed the present invention.
- the radiation-curable composition of the present invention comprises the following components (A) and (B): (A) a hydrolyzate of a hydrolyzable silane compound represented by the following general formula (1) and the hydrolyzate: At least one selected from the group consisting of
- R 1 is a non-hydrolyzable organic groups carbon atoms containing a fluorine atom is a 1-1 2
- R 2 is a nonhydrolyzable the number of carbon atoms is 1-1 2 Yes Organic groups (excluding those containing a fluorine atom)
- X is a hydrolyzable group
- p is an integer of 1 or 2
- q is an integer of 0 or 1.
- an optical waveguide can be easily and inexpensively formed while exhibiting excellent patterning properties and the like upon irradiation with radiation.
- this optical waveguide has a small waveguide loss and excellent characteristics such as crack resistance and heat resistance for light having a wide range of wavelengths from the visible region to the near infrared region.
- component (A) for example, a component having at least one kind of structure selected from the group consisting of the following general formulas (2) and (3) can be used.
- R 3 is a fluorine-containing non-hydrolysable organic group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and R 4 may contain a fluorine atom. It is a non-hydrolyzable organic group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and may be the same as R 3 . ]
- R 1 in the above formula (1) for example, CF 3 (CF 2 ) n (CH 2 ) m (m is an integer of 0 to 5, n is an integer of 1 to 11; m + n; ⁇ 1 is one. ] Can be used.
- component (A) a component having at least one or more structures selected from the group consisting of the following general formulas (4) and (5) can be used.
- R 5 is a phenyl group or a fluorinated phenyl group
- R 6 is a non-hydrolyzable compound having 1 to 12 carbon atoms which may contain a fluorine atom. And may be the same as R 5 .
- the radiation-curable composition of the present invention may be configured such that the amount of the (B) photoacid generator to be added is 0.01 to 15 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the component (A). it can.
- the method of forming an optical waveguide according to the present invention includes the steps of: forming a lower cladding layer, a core portion formed in a part of a region on the lower cladding layer, and forming the core portion on the lower cladding layer so as to cover the core portion.
- Optical waveguide having a formed upper cladding layer In the method of forming a path, after applying at least one or more selected from the lower cladding layer, the core portion, and the upper cladding layer using the radiation-curable composition as a material, An optical waveguide is formed by irradiation with radiation.
- An optical waveguide according to the present invention includes a lower cladding layer, a core portion formed in a part of a region on the lower cladding layer, and a core portion formed on the lower cladding layer so as to cover the core portion.
- an optical waveguide having an upper clad layer at least one or more selected from the lower clad layer, the core portion, and the upper clad layer is made of the radiation-curable composition described above.
- the waveguide loss for light in a wide range in the near-infrared region is as small as 0.5 dBZcm or less, and the waveguide has excellent long-term stability with low waveguide loss. Waveguides can be manufactured.
- the radiation-curable composition of the present invention has excellent transparency and heat resistance, does not cause separation at an interface or generate cracks inside a waveguide, and has excellent shape accuracy.
- An optical waveguide can be manufactured.
- an optical waveguide having a small waveguide loss, and excellent in pattern jungling property, crack resistance and the like can be formed in a short time and with a simple process. Therefore, an optical waveguide suitably used for producing an optical circuit used in an optical communication system can be provided at low cost.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing one example of the optical waveguide of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing one example of a method of forming the optical waveguide of the present invention.
- the component (A) of the present invention comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of a hydrolyzate of a hydrolyzable silane compound represented by the following general formula (1) and a condensate of the hydrolyzate. And preferably has a silanol group content of 1 to 10 mmol / g.
- the hydrolyzate of the hydrolyzable silane compound means not only a product in which an alkoxy group is changed to a silyl group by a hydrolysis reaction, for example, but also a part of silanol groups or It also means a partial condensate in which a silanol group and an alkoxy group are condensed.
- R 1 is a non-hydrolyzable organic groups carbon atoms containing a fluorine atom is a 1-1 2
- R 2 is a nonhydrolyzable the number of carbon atoms is 1-1 2
- An organic group is a hydrolyzable group
- p is an integer of 1 or 2
- q is an integer of 0 or 1.
- the component (A) is generally obtained by heating a hydrolyzable silane compound represented by the general formula (1) or a mixture thereof with a hydrolyzable silane compound other than the general formula (1). be able to.
- the hydrolyzable silane compound is hydrolyzed by heating to form a hydrolyzate, or the hydrolyzate causes a condensation reaction to produce component (A).
- R 1 in the general formula (1) is a non-hydrolyzable organic group containing a fluorine atom and having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- non-hydrolyzable means that the hydrolyzable group X is a property that is stably present as it is under the conditions of hydrolysis.
- non-hydrolyzable organic groups include fluorinated Examples thereof include an alkyl group and a fluorinated aryl group.
- fluorinated alkyl groups include trifluoromethyl, trifluoropropyl, heptadecafluorodecyl, 1, lidocafluorooctyl, and nonafluorohexyl.
- fluorinated aryl group include a pentafluorophenyl group.
- C n F 2 n + 1 C m H 2 m [m is an integer of 0 to 5, n is from 1 to 1 2 integer, m + n is 1-1 2 is there.
- a long-chain alkyl group having a large fluorine content such as a heptadecafluorodecyl group, a tridecafluorooctyl group, a nonafluorohexyl group, and the like.
- the subscript p in the general formula (1) is an integer of 1 or 2, but is preferably 1.
- R 2 in the general formula (1) is a non-hydrolyzable organic group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms (excluding those containing a fluorine atom).
- R 2 a non-polymerizable organic group and a polymerizable organic group or any one of the organic groups can be selected.
- examples of the non-polymerizable organic group include an alkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, and a deuterated or halogenated group thereof. These may be linear, branched, cyclic, or a combination thereof.
- alkyl group examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a hexyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and an octyl group.
- Preferred halogen atoms include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and the like.
- aryl group in the non-polymerizable organic group include And the like, a tolyl group, a xylyl group, a naphthyl group, a biphenyl group, a deuterated aryl group, a halogenated aryl group and the like.
- aralkyl group examples include a benzyl group and a phenylethyl group.
- non-polymerizable organic group a group having a structural unit containing a hetero atom may be used.
- the structural unit include an ether bond, an ester bond, and a sulfide bond.
- the compound contains a hetero atom, it is preferably non-basic.
- the polymerizable organic group is preferably an organic group having both or one of a radical polymerizable functional group and a cation polymerizable functional group in a molecule.
- a functional group radical polymerization or cationic polymerization can be caused, and the composition can be more effectively cured.
- radically polymerizable functional groups and cationically polymerizable functional groups in the polymerizable organic group more preferred are cationically polymerizable functional groups. This is because the photoacid generator can simultaneously cause not only a curing reaction at a silanol group but also a curing reaction at a cationically polymerizable functional group.
- the subscript q in the general formula (1) is an integer of 0 or 1, and is preferably 0.
- X in the general formula (1) is a hydrolyzable group.
- hydrolyzable group refers to a hydrolyzable group which is usually obtained by heating at a pressure of 1 atm and in the presence of a catalyst and excess water in a temperature range of 0 to 150 ° C for 1 to 10 hours.
- the catalyst include an acid catalyst and an alkali catalyst.
- the acid catalyst include a monovalent or polyvalent organic acid, an inorganic acid, and a Lewis acid. Specific examples of the organic acid include formic acid, acetic acid, and oxalic acid.
- Lewis acids include metal compounds, inorganic salts such as Ti, Zr, Al, and B, alkoxides, carboxylate, and the like.
- alkali catalyst include hydroxides of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, amines, acidic salts, and basic salts. The amount of the catalyst necessary for the hydrolysis is preferably 0.001 to 5%, more preferably 0.002 to 1%, based on all silane compounds.
- hydrolyzable group X examples include a hydrogen atom, an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, an amino group and an acyloxy group.
- alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, a phenoxybenzyloxy group, a methoxetoxy group, and an acetoxetoxy group.
- Preferred halogen atoms include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and the like.
- hydrolyzable silane compound represented by the general formula (1) include trifluoromethyltrimethoxysilane, trifluoromethyltriethoxysilane, 3,3,3-tripropylethiol propyltrichlorosilane.
- Methyl-3,3'3, trifluorophenol chlorodichlorosilane, dimethoxymethyl 1,3,3,1 trifluoropropylsilane, 3,3,3— trifluoromethylpropyl trimethysilane, 3,3,3-trifluoro O-propylmethyldichlorosilane, 3,3,4,4,5,5,5,6,6,6—nonafnolehexyl trihexylsilane, 3,3,4,4,5,5,5,5,6 , 6,6-Nonaphnolehexene hexinolemethinoresichlorosilane, 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6,7,7,8,8,8—Heptadecafluorodecyltrichlorosilane , 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6,6,7,7,8,8,8—heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane, 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8— H
- hydrolyzable silane compounds other than those mentioned above include tetrachlorosilane, tetraaminosilane, tetraacetoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetrabutyloxysilane, tetrafluoxysilane, tetrabenzoyloxysilane, trimethoxysilane, triethoxysilane.
- Silane compounds having four hydrolyzable groups such as toxic silane; methyltrichlorosilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, methyltributoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, ethyltriisopropoxysilane, ethyltributoxysilane Silanes with three hydrolyzable groups such as butyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, and deuterated methyltrimethoxysilane Compound; or dimethylolpropionic Honoré dichlorosilane, dimethylcarbamoyl Roh registration aminosilane, Jimechinorejiase Tokishishira down, Jimechinorejime Tokishishiran, Jifueninorejime Tokishishiran, Jifue two Rougier butoxy silane, silane compounds having two hydroly
- the method of heating the hydrolyzable silane compound represented by the general formula (1) to obtain the component (A) is not particularly limited as long as the content of a silanol group described below is not too large or too small.
- the method includes the following steps 1) to 3).
- an unhydrolyzable hydrolyzable group may partially remain. It becomes a mixture with decomposition products.
- a silanol group is generated in the process of preparing the component.However, depending on the preparation method, the amount of the generated silanol group is out of the range specified in the present invention, and the increase in the waveguide loss of the optical waveguide or the photolithography This may have an adverse effect on core pattern formation. For this reason, it is preferable that the preparation process of the component (A) is in accordance with the above method.
- the component (A) preferably has at least one structure selected from the group consisting of the following general formulas (2) and (3).
- R 3 is a fluorine-containing non-hydrolysable organic group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms
- R 4 is a fluorine-containing carbon atom which may contain a fluorine atom. Is a non-hydrolyzable organic group represented by 1 to 12, and may be the same as R 3 .
- component (A) has the above structure, physical properties such as crack resistance of an optical waveguide produced from the radiation-curable composition of the present invention can be further improved.
- R 1 in the general formula (1) is CF 3 (CF 2 ) n (CH 2 ) m [m is an integer of 0 to 5; Is an integer of 111, and m + n is 1 111. ].
- R 1 has such a structure, patterning properties when producing an optical waveguide by photolithography using the radiation-curable composition of the present invention, crack resistance of the optical waveguide, and waveguide loss Etc. can be further improved.
- the component (A) preferably further has at least one structure selected from the group consisting of the following general formulas (4) and (5).
- R 5 is a phenyl group or a fluorinated phenyl group
- R 6 is a non-hydrolyzable group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms which may contain a fluorine atom. It is an organic group and may be the same as R 5 .
- hydrolyzable compound having the structure of the general formula (4) or the general formula (5) include a hydrolyzable silane compound other than the above general formula (1) or the general formula (1).
- compounds having a phenyl group or a fluorinated fluor group are mentioned. Of these, phenyltrimethoxysilane, phenylinoletriethoxysilane, pentafluoropheninoletrimethoxysilane and the like are particularly preferred.
- the heat resistance and the patterning property of the optical waveguide formed by using the radiation-curable composition of the present invention can be further improved.
- the component (B) is a photoacid generator. By irradiating the radiation, the component (B) is decomposed, and an acidic active substance capable of photo-curing the component (A) can be released.
- radiation includes visible light, ultraviolet light, infrared light, X-ray, electron beam, a Line, Y line, and the like.
- ultraviolet light it is preferable to use ultraviolet light from the viewpoint that it has a certain energy level, has a high curing speed, and is relatively inexpensive and small in size.
- component ( ⁇ ) for example, an hondium salt having a structure represented by the following general formula (6), a sulfonic acid derivative having a structure represented by the following general formula (7), and the like can be given. .
- the cation is an anion
- W is S, Se, Te, P, As, Sb, Bi, O, I, Br, CI, or N ⁇ N.
- R 7, R 8, R 9 and R 1. are the same or different organic groups, a, b, c and d are each an integer of 0 to 3, and (a + b + c + (1) is equal to the valency of ⁇ ; and M is halogen Metal or metalloid that constitutes the central atom of the compound complex [MZ m + n ], such as B, P, As, Sb, Fe, Sn, Bi, Al, Ca, In, Ti, Zn, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, and Co.
- Z is a halogen atom or aryl group such as F, Cl, or Br
- m is a halide complex ion.
- n is the valence of M.
- Q is a monovalent or divalent organic group
- ⁇ is a monovalent organic group having 2 to 2 carbon atoms
- suffix s is 0 or 1
- suffix t is 1 or 2.
- Anion [MZ m + n] in the general formula (6) it is also preferable to use a Anion represented by the general formula [MZ n ⁇ _H-.
- a perchlorate ion (C 1 O 4 -) Application Benefits Full O b methanesulfonic acid ion (CF 3 SO 4 I), a full-O Ross sulfone acid ion (FS 0 4 -), Toruensurufu on acid ion, DOO linear Onium salts having other anions, such as trobenzenesulfonate anion and trinitrotoluenesulfonate anion, can also be used.
- an aromatic oxamium salt is preferable, and a triarylsulfonium salt, a compound represented by the following general formula (8), and a diaryl sulfone represented by the following general formula (9) are particularly preferable. It is a denim salt or a triary rhododium salt.
- R 12 and R 13 are each independently hydrogen or aralkyl kill group
- R 14 represents a hydroxyl group or a OR 15 (where, R 1 5 is Ru der monovalent organic group.) Wherein a is an integer of 4 to 7, and b is an integer of 1 to 7.
- the bonding position of each substituent to the naphthalene ring is not particularly limited.
- R 1 6 and R 1 7 is a monovalent organic group, respectively, may be the same or different, least also one of R 16 and R 17, charcoal It has an alkyl group with a prime number of 4 or more, and P h 1 and P h 2 are each an aromatic group, which may be the same or different, and Y— is a monovalent anion.
- table 3 group, fluoride group V anions or, C 1 0 4 -, CF 3 SO 3 - is an anion selected from.
- Examples of the compound represented by the general formula (8) include 4-hydroxy-1-naphthine-noreth-trachi-drothiophene-tris-fusoleo-mouth methanesnorrenate, and 4-butoxy-1-naphthyl-te-naphthylte-tra-hydro-dzofen.
- Mouth trinole mouth Metance rufonate 1- (4,7-dihydroxy) 1-naphthylte Trahydrodrothiophene tri-funolelomethanesulfonate, 1- (4,7-dihydroxy) 1-naphthinorete Trahidrofoenimudrifif / reolomethansnolefonate.
- sodium salt of the sodium salt specifically, (4-n-decyloxyphenolene) pheninolenate hexafenoleone mouth antimonate, [4-1 (2-hydroxynyl-tetradecine mouth xy) fenolinole Feninole 31 denexhexaenole mouth antimonate, [4_ (2-hydroxy _n—tetradeci xy) feninole] feninoleone denim tri funoleolenorehonate, [4-1 (2 —Hydroxy n—te Tradeci oxy) phenyl) Phenoinolenium hexafenoleophosphate, [41- (2-Hydroxy n—te tradeci oxy) phenyl) Phenyl leudonite traquis (Pentafenolerofeni) Nore) Borate, screw (4-t-butinolepheninole) Mou
- Examples of the sulfonic acid derivative represented by the general formula (7) include disulfones, dishonolephoninolethiazomethanes, dis / lehoninolemethanes, su / lehoninolebenzylmethanes, imidosulfonates, Examples thereof include benzoin sulfonates, 1-oxy1-2-hydroxy-13-propinoleanoreconole snorephonate, p-gallol trisnolephonate, and benzylsulfonate.
- imidosulfonates are preferred, and trifluoromethylsulfonate derivatives are more preferred.
- the amount of the photoacid generator (B) is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.01 to 15 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the component (A). If the addition amount of the photoacid generator is less than 0.1 part by weight, the photocurability tends to decrease and a sufficient curing speed cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the amount of the photoacid generator exceeds 15 parts by weight, the obtained cured product tends to have reduced weather resistance and heat resistance.
- the addition amount of the photoacid generator as the component (B) is adjusted to 100 parts by weight of the component (A). Is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 10 parts by weight.
- the radiation-curable composition of the present invention can improve the storage stability of the composition by adding an organic solvent (C), and can provide an appropriate viscosity, and provide an optical waveguide having a uniform thickness. Can be formed.
- organic solvent C
- organic solvent examples include ether-based organic solvents, ester-based organic solvents, ketone-based organic solvents, hydrocarbon-based organic solvents, and alcohol-based organic solvents.
- organic solvent having a boiling point at atmospheric pressure within a range of 50 to 200 ° C. and capable of uniformly dissolving each component.
- organic solvents examples include aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents, aromatic hydrocarbon solvents, monoalcohol solvents, polyhydric alcohol solvents, ketone solvents, ether solvents, ester solvents, and nitrogen-containing solvents. Solvents, sulfur-containing solvents and the like can be used. These organic solvents are used alone or in combination of two or more.
- organic solvents include at least one compound selected from the group consisting of propylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethyl lactate, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl amyl ketone, toluene, xylene, and methanol.
- the type of the organic solvent (C) is preferably selected in consideration of the method of applying the composition. For example, since a thin film having a uniform thickness can be easily obtained, it is preferable to use a spin coating method.
- the organic solvent used is ethylene glycol monoethyl ether or propylene glycol.
- Ethyl glycol alkyl ether acetates such as monomethinoleate ethers, etc .
- glycolone ethers such as etinolace mouth sonolev acetate, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, propylene glycol ethyl ether acetate
- Esters such as ethyl 2-hydroxypropionate
- diethylene glycol monomethyl ether diethylene glycols such as methylene glycol / resinethyl ether, and diethylene glycol ethyl methyl ether
- Component (C) is added in an amount of 1 to 300 parts by weight, preferably 2 to 200 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of component (A).
- amount is within the range of 1 to 300 parts by weight, the storage stability of the composition can be improved, an appropriate viscosity can be imparted, and an optical waveguide having a uniform thickness can be formed.
- the method of adding the organic solvent (C) is not particularly limited.
- the organic solvent may be added when the component (A) is produced, or the component (A) may be added (B). You may add it at the time of mix
- the content of silanol groups in the bonding groups on all Si in the radiation-curable composition of the present invention must be 10 to 50% (preferably 20 to 40%). . Outside of this range, a pattern having a desired shape cannot be obtained during alkali development, or the waveguide loss value may increase when an optical waveguide is formed.
- acid diffusion controllers reactive diluents, radical generators (photopolymerization initiators), photosensitizers, metal alkoxides, inorganic fine particles, dehydrating agents, Belting agents, polymerization inhibitors, polymerization initiation aids, wetting improvers, surfactants, plasticizers, ultraviolet absorbers, antioxidants, antistatic agents, silane coupling agents, polymer additives, etc. It is also preferable to mix them.
- the component (D) an acid diffusion controller, controls the diffusion of the acid active substance generated from the photoacid generator by light irradiation in the film, and suppresses the curing reaction in the non-irradiated area. It is defined as a compound having an inhibitory action. However, in order to distinguish it from the photoacid generator by definition, the acid diffusion controller as the component (D) is a compound having no acid generating function.
- the photocurable composition can be effectively cured, and the patterning accuracy can be improved.
- the type of the acid diffusion controller as the component (D), a nitrogen-containing organic compound whose basicity does not change by exposure or heat treatment during the formation step is preferable.
- Examples of such a nitrogen-containing organic compound include a compound represented by the following general formula (10).
- R 18 , R 19 and R 2 ° each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted Represents an aralkyl group.
- nitrogen-containing organic compounds include diamino compounds having two nitrogen atoms in the same molecule, diamino polymers having three or more nitrogen atoms, or amide group-containing compounds, Examples include a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound.
- nitrogen-containing organic compound examples include, for example, monoalkylamines such as n-hexylamine, n-heptylamine, n-octylamine, n-nonylamine, n-decylamine; di-n-butylamine; Dialkylamines such as di-n-pentynoleamine, di-n-hexynoleamine, di-n-heptinoleamine, di-n-octylamine, di-n-nonylamine, di-n-decylamine; triethylamine, tri-n-propylamine , Tri-n-petit / reamin, tri-n-pentynoleamine, tri-11-hexynoleamine, tri-n-heptylamine, tri-n-octylamine, tri-n Trialkylamines such as monononylamine and tri- n -decylamine; N-methyl
- the acid diffusion controller can be used alone or as a mixture of two or more.
- the amount of the acid diffusion controller (D) is preferably in the range of 0.001 to 15 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the component (A).
- the reason for this is that if the addition amount of the acid diffusion controller is less than 0.01 parts by weight, the pattern shape and dimensional reproducibility of the optical waveguide may be reduced depending on the process conditions. If the amount of the acid diffusion controller exceeds 15 parts by weight, the photocurability of the component (A) may decrease.
- the amount of the acid diffusion controller added is within the range of 0.001 to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the component (A). More preferably, the value is in the range of 5 to 5 parts by weight.
- the radiation-curable composition of the present invention is used as a lower layer composition, a core composition and an upper layer composition to form a lower cladding layer, a core portion, and an upper cladding layer constituting an optical waveguide, respectively. Can be used.
- each of the lower layer composition, the core composition, and the upper layer composition is such that the refractive index relationship of each part finally obtained satisfies the conditions required for the optical waveguide.
- Different resin compositions can be used.
- the composition for the lower layer and the composition for the upper layer are more preferably the same resin composition since the formation of the optical waveguide and the like becomes easier.
- the radiation-curable composition of the present invention can be prepared by selecting the type of the component (A) to provide a light guide comprising a core portion having different refractive indexes and upper and lower cladding layers. The wave path can be easily formed.
- a resin composition having a high refractive index is used for the core composition, and It is preferable to use a resin composition that provides a lower refractive index as the lower layer composition and the upper layer composition.
- the viscosity of the radiation-curable composition of the present invention at 25 ° C. is preferably 5 to 5,000 mPa ⁇ s, more preferably 10 to 1, OOOmPa Ps. No. If the viscosity exceeds 5,000 mPa ⁇ s, it may be difficult to form a uniform coating film.
- the viscosity of the resin composition can be appropriately adjusted by the amount of the reactive diluent or the organic solvent.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing one example of the optical waveguide of the present invention. .
- the radiation-curable composition of the present invention is used for each of the lower cladding layer 2, the core portion 4, and the upper cladding layer 6, but, for example, only the core portion 4 is used. Is also good.
- a known optical waveguide material for example, quartz glass or the like can be used for the other lower cladding layer 2 and upper cladding layer 6.
- the thicknesses of the lower cladding layer 2, the upper cladding layer 6, and the core portion 4 are not particularly limited.
- the thickness of the lower cladding layer 2 is 3 to 50.
- the thickness of the core part 4 should be within the range of 3 to 20 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the upper cladding layer 6 should be within the range of 3 to 50 ⁇ m. Is preferred.
- the width of the core portion 4 in the direction perpendicular to the light waveguide direction is also special.
- the value is not limited to, but is preferably, for example, a value within a range of 1 to 50 m.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an example of the method for forming an optical waveguide of the present invention.
- the optical waveguide is formed through steps (a) to (e) as shown in FIG. That is, the lower cladding layer 2, the core portion 4, and the upper cladding layer 6 (not shown in FIG. 2; see FIG. 1) are all used for forming an optical waveguide for forming those layers. It is preferable to form by applying a photocurable composition and then photocuring.
- the lower cladding layer 2, the core portion 4, and the upper cladding layer 6 are each a photocurable composition for forming an optical waveguide that can obtain a cured product having a different refractive index after curing.
- the description will be made on the assumption that the composition is formed from the lower layer composition, the core composition, and the upper layer composition.
- a substrate 1 having a flat surface is prepared.
- the type of the substrate 1 is not particularly limited.
- a silicon substrate, a glass substrate, or the like can be used.
- the lower cladding layer 2 is formed on the surface of the prepared substrate 1. Specifically, as shown in (b) of FIG. 2, the lower layer composition is applied to the surface of the substrate 1 and dried or pre-betaed to form a lower layer thin film. Then, the lower layer thin film can be cured by irradiating the lower layer thin film with light to form the lower cladding layer 2.
- the light used for forming the core layer and the cladding layer is not particularly limited, but is usually light in the ultraviolet to visible region of 200 to 450 nm, preferably light containing ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 365 nm. Is used. At a wavelength of 200 to 450 nm The irradiation is performed so that the illuminance is 1 to: L 0 0 0 mWZ cm 2 , and the irradiation amount is 0. 01 to 5 000 mj / cm 2 , preferably 0.1 to: LOO Om j Z cm 2 Done and exposed.
- the type of light to be irradiated visible light, ultraviolet light, infrared light, X-ray, ⁇ -ray, ray, ⁇ -ray, and the like can be used.
- a lamp light source that simultaneously irradiates a large area such as a high-pressure mercury lamp, a low-pressure mercury lamp, a metal halide lamp, an excimer lamp, and / or a laser light source such as a pulse or continuous light is used.
- a lamp light source that simultaneously irradiates a large area, such as a high-pressure mercury lamp, a low-pressure mercury lamp, a metal halide lamp, an excimer lamp, and / or a laser light source such as a pulse or continuous light is used.
- those that produce convergent light using mirrors, lenses, and optical fibers can be used.
- an optical waveguide is formed using convergent light
- exposure can be performed to have the shape of the optical waveguide by moving either the convergent light or the irradiation target.
- a light source having a high UV intensity of 365 nm is preferable.
- a high-pressure mercury lamp is preferable as a lamp light source
- an argon laser is preferable as a laser light source.
- the step of forming the lower cladding layer 2 it is preferable to irradiate the entire surface of the thin film with light and to cure the entire thin film.
- the lower layer composition is applied by a spin coating method, a diving method, a spray method, a bar coating method, a mouth coating method, a curtain coating method, a gravure printing method, a silk screen method, or an ink jet method.
- Etc. can be used.
- the lower layer thin film composed of the lower layer composition is preferably prebaked at 50 to 200 ° C. after application.
- the application method in the lower clad layer forming step, the method of improving rheological properties, and the like can be applied to the core part forming step and the upper clad layer forming step described later.
- the heating conditions vary depending on the composition of the photocurable composition for forming an optical waveguide, the types of additives, and the like, but are usually 30 to 400 ° C, preferably 50 to 300 ° C. For example, a heating time of 5 minutes to 72 hours may be used.
- the irradiation amount, type, irradiating device, and the like in the lower clad layer forming step can be directly applied to the core part forming step and the upper clad layer forming step described later.
- a core composition is applied onto the lower cladding layer 2 and dried or further pre-betaed to form a core thin film 3.
- the upper surface of the core thin film 3 is irradiated with radiation 5 according to a predetermined pattern, for example, through a photomask 7 having a predetermined line pattern. Is preferred.
- a core part 4 made of a puttered cured film can be formed.
- the method of irradiating light in accordance with a predetermined pattern is not limited to a method using a photomask including a light transmitting part and a light non-transmitting part.
- PEB heat treatment
- the heating conditions vary depending on the composition of the photocurable composition for forming an optical waveguide, the types of additives, and the like.
- the temperature is 30 to 200 ° C., preferably 50 to 150 ° C.
- the core portion can be formed into a semicircular shape simply by leaving the coating made of the photocurable composition for forming an optical waveguide at room temperature for 1 to 10 hours before exposure. Therefore, if it is desired to obtain a semicircular core portion, it is preferable to leave the substrate at room temperature for several hours before exposure.
- the thin film that has been subjected to pattern exposure according to a predetermined pattern and selectively cured can be subjected to development processing by utilizing the difference in solubility between the cured portion and the uncured portion. Therefore, after the pattern exposure, by removing the uncured portion and leaving the cured portion, the core portion can be formed as a result.
- the concentration of the basic substance in the developer is usually in the range of 0.05 to 25% by weight, preferably in the range of 0.1 to 3.0% by weight.
- the development time is usually 30 to 600 seconds.
- a known method such as a puddle method, a dive method, or a shower developing method can be used.
- an organic solvent is used as the developer, air-dry as it is. If an organic solvent is used as the developer, air-dry as it is. If an aqueous alkaline solution is used, wash with running water for 30 to 90 seconds, for example, and then use compressed air or compressed nitrogen. By removing the moisture on the surface by air-drying, a patterned film can be formed.
- a heating device such as a hot plate or an oven is used, for example, at a temperature of 30 to 400 ° C. for 5 to 600 minutes by Boss beta treatment. Is formed.
- an aminopolysiloxane having a higher amino group content than the lower layer composition and the upper layer composition is preferable to use, as the core composition.
- the pattern accuracy of the core portion can be further improved, while the composition for the lower layer and the composition for the upper layer have excellent storage stability. In addition to obtaining qualitative properties, it can be cured sufficiently with a relatively small radiation dose.
- the upper layer composition is applied to the surface of the lower cladding layer 2 having the core portion 4 formed thereon, and dried or prebaked to form an upper layer thin film.
- the upper cladding layer 6 can be formed as shown in FIG. 1 by irradiating the upper thin film with light to cure it.
- post beta is further applied to the upper cladding layer 6 obtained by irradiation with radiation, if necessary.
- Postbaking makes it possible to obtain an upper cladding layer having excellent hardness and heat resistance.
- a force S that requires the refractive index of the core portion 4 to be larger than the refractive indices of the lower cladding layer 2 and the upper cladding layer 6, and a superior waveguide characteristic In order to obtain, the refractive index of the core part 4 should be within the range of 1.450 to 1.650 for light with a wavelength of 130 to 160 nm, and The refractive index of the cladding layer 2 and the upper cladding layer 6 is preferably set to a value in the range of 1.400 to 1.648.
- the refractive index of the core portion 4 is preferably determined in consideration of the values of the refractive indices of the upper and lower cladding layers 2 and 6, and is more preferable than that of the upper and lower cladding layers 2 and 6. It is more preferable to set the value to a value larger by 0.02 to 0.5.
- methyltrimethoxysilane (3.2.2). 7 g), phenyltrimethoxysilane (24.4 g), 1-methoxy-2-propanol (23.85 g), and oxalic acid (0.03 g) were added and stirred. Heated to 60 ° C. Then, distilled water (19.44 g) was added dropwise, and after completion of the addition, the solution was stirred at 120 ° C for 6 hours. Then, a 1-methoxy-2-propanol solution whose solid content was finally adjusted to 70% by weight was obtained. This is referred to as “siloxane oligomer solution 6”.
- Siloxane oligomer solution 1 solid content and organic solvent 9
- 11- (4,7-di-t-butoxy) -naphthylte Add 0.32 g of methanesolephonate, 0.13 g of tri-n-octylamine, 7.09 g of 1-methoxy-1-propanol, and mix uniformly.
- Composition 1 in which the solid content concentration was adjusted to 65% by weight was obtained.
- composition 2 to “Composition 8” were prepared as shown in Table 1 in the same manner as in “Composition 1J”.
- the amount of 1 xyl-2-prohanol includes the amount contained in the siloxane oligomer solution.
- the amount of methyl- ⁇ -amyl ketone is the amount contained in the siloxane oligomer solution.
- composition 3 was applied by a spin coater on the surface of the silicon substrate, dried for 10 minutes at 1 2 0 ° C, wavelength 3 6 5 nm, illuminance 6 mW / cm 2 of UV exposure machine (manufactured by Canon follower Irradiation for 3 minutes. Further, by heating at 200 ° C. for 1 hour, a lower cladding layer having a thickness of 9 ⁇ m was formed. The refractive index of light having a wavelength of 1550 nm in this lower cladding layer was 1.439.
- the composition 1 was applied on the lower cladding layer with a spin coater, dried at 100 ° C for 5 minutes, and then, using a photomask engraved with an optical waveguide pattern having a width of 9 ⁇ m, Exposure was performed by irradiating ultraviolet rays with a wavelength of 365 nm and an illuminance of 6 mW / cm 2 for 1 minute with an exposure machine. Thereafter, the substrate was heated at 100 ° C. for 1 minute, and then immersed in a developing solution consisting of a 5% aqueous solution of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) to dissolve the unexposed portions. Washed.
- TMAH tetramethylammonium hydroxide
- the core was heated at 200 ° C. for 1 hour to form a core of 9 ⁇ m.
- the refractive index of light having a wavelength of 1550 nm in the obtained core portion was 1.445.
- the upper surface of the lower clad layer having the core portion, the radiation-curable composition 3 was coated with a spin coater, dried for 10 minutes at 1 2 0 ° C, wavelength 3 6 5 1 1111, illuminance 6111 70 111 2 UV was irradiated for 10 minutes. Further, by heating at 250 ° C. for 1 hour, an upper cladding layer having a thickness of 9 ⁇ m was formed, thereby forming an optical waveguide.
- the refractive index of light having a wavelength of 1550 nm in the formed upper cladding layer was 1.439.
- Example 2 For Example 2 and Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3, an optical waveguide was fabricated and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 2 shows the evaluation results.
- compositions were diluted with a deuterated chromate form as an NMR measurement solvent, and the silanol content was measured by Si—NMR. Specifically, _ 1 2 0 ppn! --Separate peaks of multiple silane components with different substituents and bonding groups appearing up to 60 ppm by curve fitting. / 0 was calculated. The number of silanol groups in each of the obtained components was multiplied to calculate the ratio (%) of the total number of bonding groups on Si. A calculation example is shown below.
- Peak 1 R — S i (OH) 3 a 3 Peak 2: R — S i (OH) 2 (OS i) b 2 Peak 3: R — S i (OH) (OS i) 2 c 1 Peak 4: R — S i (OS i) ad 0
- the fabricated waveguide is cleaved to expose the end face, and the shape of the core is determined with an optical microscope. (Width, height) were measured. For the design values (width 9 / im, height 9 ⁇ ), if the design value is within ⁇ 0.5 / im, use “ ⁇ J”, otherwise, the shape is rectangular or trapezoidal. The case where the core could not be patterned was designated as “X”.
- the amount of light emitted from the other end is measured by a power meter of a light meter (MT9810A manufactured by Anritsu).
- the loss [dB] was measured.
- the waveguide loss [dB / cm] is calculated by measuring the loss at each length by plotting the waveguide with a cleaved force, plotting the loss against the length, and calculating the slope. (Power knock method).
- the cleaved end face of the fabricated waveguide was observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the substrate Z lower cladding layer, lower cladding layer Z core part, core part Z upper cladding layer, and lower cladding layer / upper part
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the presence or absence of peeling between the clad layers was determined.
- the presence or absence of peeling on the core line was observed with an optical microscope from above the waveguide. In each case, “ ⁇ ” indicates that no peeling was observed, and “X” indicates that peeling was observed in any case.
- the obtained waveguide was heated at 300 ° C for 1 hour, allowed to cool naturally, and the presence or absence of cracks in the entire waveguide was observed with an optical microscope.If no cracks were found, mark “ ⁇ ”. The case where was confirmed in either the core or the clad was designated as “X”.
- the obtained optical waveguide was left for 200 hours at a temperature of 85 ° C and a relative humidity of 85%, and then left for 24 hours at a temperature of 25 ° C and a relative humidity of 50% for transmission.
- the loss was measured and the waveguide loss was calculated. " ⁇ " indicates that the waveguide loss was 0.5 dB / cm or less at both the wavelengths of 1310 nm and 1550 nm, and "X" otherwise.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
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CA002488389A CA2488389A1 (en) | 2003-03-18 | 2003-10-20 | Radiation curable composition, optical waveguide and method of forming the optical waveguide |
US10/513,355 US7162131B2 (en) | 2003-03-18 | 2003-10-20 | Radiation-curable composition, optical waveguide and method for formation thereof |
AU2003273054A AU2003273054A1 (en) | 2003-03-18 | 2003-10-20 | Radiation curable composition, optical waveguide and method for formation thereof |
EP03754193A EP1605021B1 (en) | 2003-03-18 | 2003-10-20 | Radiation curable composition, optical waveguide and method for formation thereof |
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US (1) | US7162131B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1605021B1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20060002706A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100334155C (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2003273054A1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2488389A1 (ja) |
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WO2007128041A1 (en) * | 2006-05-02 | 2007-11-15 | Rpo Pty Limited | Methods for fabricating polymer optical waveguides on large area substrates |
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WO2011084250A2 (en) | 2009-12-21 | 2011-07-14 | Dow Corning Corporation | Methods for fabricating flexible waveguides using alkyl-functional silsesquioxane resins |
WO2017043344A1 (ja) * | 2015-09-09 | 2017-03-16 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | シリコン含有平坦化性パターン反転用被覆剤 |
WO2018066515A1 (ja) * | 2016-10-04 | 2018-04-12 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | パターン反転のための被覆組成物 |
WO2019022856A1 (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2019-01-31 | Dow Silicones Corporation | METHOD FOR PREPARING A PLANE SURFACE OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE DEVICE |
CN111965858B (zh) * | 2020-08-25 | 2024-02-02 | 济南晶正电子科技有限公司 | 一种电光晶体薄膜及其制备方法,及电光调制器 |
CN112159609A (zh) * | 2020-08-26 | 2021-01-01 | 深圳华益兄弟科技有限公司 | 抗污抗菌纳米表面涂层液及抗污抗菌涂层 |
CN117777455B (zh) * | 2024-02-28 | 2024-05-10 | 山东同益光刻胶材料科技有限公司 | 一种含氟聚硅氧烷及其制备方法、光刻胶组合物及其应用 |
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- 2003-10-20 US US10/513,355 patent/US7162131B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-10-20 EP EP03754193A patent/EP1605021B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2003-10-20 CA CA002488389A patent/CA2488389A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-10-20 WO PCT/JP2003/013371 patent/WO2004083309A1/ja active Application Filing
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US7162131B2 (en) | 2007-01-09 |
US20060165362A1 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
EP1605021B1 (en) | 2012-08-29 |
CN1692142A (zh) | 2005-11-02 |
TWI274197B (en) | 2007-02-21 |
TW200428048A (en) | 2004-12-16 |
KR20060002706A (ko) | 2006-01-09 |
CN100334155C (zh) | 2007-08-29 |
AU2003273054A1 (en) | 2004-10-11 |
CA2488389A1 (en) | 2004-09-30 |
EP1605021A1 (en) | 2005-12-14 |
EP1605021A4 (en) | 2007-09-12 |
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