Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
  • A61K31/35—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/352—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. methantheline 
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
  • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
  • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
  • A61K36/35—Caprifoliaceae (Honeysuckle family)
  • A61K36/355—Lonicera (honeysuckle)
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
  • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
  • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
  • A61K36/53—Lamiaceae or Labiatae (Mint family), e.g. thyme, rosemary or lavender
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
  • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
  • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
  • A61K36/53—Lamiaceae or Labiatae (Mint family), e.g. thyme, rosemary or lavender
  • A61K36/539—Scutellaria (skullcap)
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
  • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
  • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
  • A61K36/63—Oleaceae (Olive family), e.g. jasmine, lilac or ash tree
  • A61K36/634—Forsythia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
  • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses

Definitions

• the present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions exhibiting antiviral activity. More, particularly it relates to pharmaceutical compositions exhibiting antiviral activity against Coronavirus, and more particularly still against those viruses responsible for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
• SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
• the Coronavirus genome consists of a single positive strand of RNA and the entire sequence of the SARS-CoN genome and related variants has been published (P. A. Rota et al. Characterization of a novel Coronavirus associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Science 300 1394 (2003) and M.A. Marra et al. The genome sequence of the SARS-associated Coronavirus, Science 300 1399 (2003)) and scrutinized for molecular targets for antiviral therapy.
• ribavirin ribavirin
• less obvious inhibitors e.g. glycyrrhizin, extracted from liquorice (Cinatl, J. et al. Glycyrrhizin, an active component of liquorice roots, and replication of SARS-associated Coronavirus.
• the Lancet, 361, 2045 (2003) appear to be efficacious against the SARS-CoV.
• Active Constituent The chemical constituent in a botanical raw material, drug substance, or drug product that is responsible for the intended pharmacological activity or therapeutic effect.
• Botanical Product A finished, labelled product that contains vegetable matter, which may include plant materials (see below), algae, macroscopic fungi, or combinations of these.
• a botanical product may be a food, drug, medical device, or cosmetic.
• Botanical Drug Product A botanical product that is intended for use as a drug; a drug product that is prepared from a botanical drug substance.
• Botanical drug products are available in a variety of dosage forms, such as solutions (e.g., teas), powders, tablets, capsules, elixirs, and topicals.
• Botanical Drug Substance A drug substance derived from one or more plants, algae, or macroscopic fungi. It is prepared from botanical raw materials by one or more of the following processes: pulverization, decoction, expression, aqueous extraction, ethanolic extraction, or other similar process. It may be available in a variety of physical forms, such as powder, paste, concentrated liquid, juice, gum, syrup, or oil.
• a botanical drug substance can be made from one or more botanical raw materials (see Single-Herb and Multi-Herb botanical drug substance or product).
• a botanical drug substance does not include a highly purified or chemically modified substance derived from natural sources.
• Botanical Ingredient A component of a botanical drug substance or product that originates from a botanical raw material.
• Botanical Raw Material Fresh or processed (e.g., cleaned, frozen, dried, or sliced) part of a single species of plant or a fresh or processed alga or macroscopic fungus.
• Chromatographic Fingerprint A chromatographic profile of a botanical raw material or drug substance that is matched qualitatively and quantitatively against that of a reference sample or standard to ensure the identity and quality of a batch and consistency from batch to batch.
• Dietary Supplement [A] product (other than tobacco) intended to supplement the diet that bears or contains one or more of the following dietary ingredients: (A) a vitamin; (B) a mineral; (C) an herb or other botanical; (D) an amino acid; (E) a dietary substance for use by man to supplement the diet by increasing the total dietary intake; or (F) a concentrate, metabolite, constituent, extract, or combination of any ingredient described in clause (A), (B), (C), (D), or (E); (2) means a product that (A) is intended for ingestion in a form described in section 411(c)(l)(B)(i) [of the FD&C Act]; or complies with section 411(c)(l)(B)(ii); is not represented for use as a conventional food or as a sole item of a meal or the diet; and is labeled as a dietary supplement; and (3) does (A) include an article that is approved as a new drug under section 505 or licensed as
• Dosage Form A pharmaceutical product type, for example, tablet, capsule, solution, or cream, that contains a drug ingredient (substance) generally, but not necessarily, in association with excipients.
• Drug Means (A) articles recognized in the official United States Pharmacopeia, official Homeopathic Pharmacopeia of the United States, or official National Formulary, or any supplement to any of them; and (B) articles intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease in man or other animals; and (C) articles (other than food) intended to affect the structure or any function of the body of man or other animals; and (D) articles intended for use as a component of any articles specified in clause (A), (B), or (C).
• a food or dietary supplement for which a claim, subject to sections 403(r)(l)(B) and 403(r)(3) [of the FD&C Act] or sections 403(r)(l)(B) and (r)(5)(D), is made in accordance with the requirements of section 403 (r) is not a drug solely because the label or the labeling contains such a claim.
• a food, dietary ingredient, or dietary supplement for which a truthful and not misleading statement is made in accordance with section 403(r)(6) is not a drug under clause (C) solely because the label or the labeling contains such a statement ,. (21 U.S.C. 321(g)(1)).
• Drug Substance An active ingredient that is intended to furnish pharmacological activity or other direct effect in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease or to affect the structure or any function of the human body (21 CFR 314.3(b)).
• Drug Product The dosage form in the final immediate packaging intended for marketing.
• Food means (1) articles used for food or drink, (2) chewing gum, and (3) articles used for components of such articles (21 U.S.C. 321(f)).
• Formulation A formula that lists the components (or ingredients) and composition of the dosage form. The components and composition of a multi-herb botanical drug substance should be part of the total formulation.
• Marker A chemical constituent of a botanical raw material, drug substance, or drug product that is used for identification and/or quality control purposes, especially when the active constituents are not known or identified.
• Multi-Herb (Botanical Drug) Substance or Product A botanical drug substance or drug product that is derived from more than one botanical raw material, each of which is considered a botanical ingredient.
• a multi-herb botanical drug substance may be prepared by processing together two or more botanical raw materials, or by combining two or more single-herb botanical drug substances that have been individually processed from their corresponding raw materials. In the latter case, the individual single-herb botanical drug substances may be introduced simultaneously or at different stages during the manufacturing process of the dosage form.
• Plant Material A plant or plant part (e.g., bark, wood, leaves, stems, roots, flowers, fruits, seeds, berries, or parts thereof) as well as exudates.
• Botanical Drug Substance or Product A botanical drug substance or drug product that is derived from one botanical raw material. Therefore, a single-herb substance or product generally contains only one botanical ingredient.
• Consisting essentially is intended to refer back only to the presence of botanical raw materials and their derivatives and excludes the presence of e.g. excipients used in the formulation;
• Treatment is intended to refer to both symptomatic relief and/ or activity against the causative factor DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
• composition shows dose dependant activity against SARS-CoV in cell culture tests.
• a botanical raw material BRM
• BDS botanical drug substance
• one or more botanical ingredients obtainable from a species of the genus Scutellaria in the manufacture of an anti viral medicament.
• the medicament is for the treatment of patients infected by a positive strand RNA virus, more particularly SARS-CoV.
• a positive strand RNA virus more particularly SARS-CoV.
• the medicament consists essentially of a single botanical drug substance or botanical ingredient.
• the medicament is formulated with excipients.
• the medicament is in a suspension dosage form.
• a suspension dosage form medicament comprising a Scutellariae spp.
• any suitable dosage form will be acceptable e.g. a solid dosage form, such as a tablet or a liquid dosage form, such as a syrup.
• the medicament may be formulated for delivery by any route e.g. orally, intra-venously or by any other recognised form.
• the medicament is for treating upper respiratory tract infections, it is formulated for delivery as a spray, and more particularly as a nebuliser.
• the medicament comprises, in addition to the Scutellaria spp, one or more additional botanical drug substances or botanical ingredients obtainable from one or more of a: b) Lonicera spp; c) Forsythia spp; and/ or d) Rabdosia spp;
• PYN5C is an ethanolic single herb extract of Radix Scutellariae.
• aqueous extract of a Scutellaria spp has been shown to exhibit antiviral activity against Picornaviridae (polio - a negative strand RNA virus,) and Paramyxoviridae (measles - another negative strand RNA virus) see WO 5,411 ,733.
• Plant flavenoids including baicalein, baicalin and wogonin isolated from Scutellaria spp, have also been shown to exhibit antiviral activity (primarily, though not exclusively, against HIV and have also been shown to demonstrate activity against RSV (Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2002) 79 (2), p205-211) and influenza.
• BRM botanical raw materials
• BDS botanical drug substances
• botanical ingredients obtainable from a species of the genus: a) Scutellaria b) Lonicera; c) Forsythia; or d) Rabdosia in the manufacture of a botanical drug (BD), or dietary supplement for the treatment of a patient infected with SARS-CoV.
• Any suitable species from the above plant genera may be used. These include: a) as Scutellaria spp: Scutellaria baicalensis, S. amoena, S. barbata, S. discolor, S. hypericifolia, S. inbica, S. likiangensis, S. orthocalyx, S. rehderiana, S. scssiliflora and S. viscidula; b) as Lonicera spp: Lonicera japonica, L. hispidapall, L. harmsii, and L. fulvotomentosa, ; c) as Forsythia spp: Forsythia suspensa, F. viridissima, F.
• Rabdosia spp Rabdosia rubescens R. adenantha, R amethystoides, R coetsa, R. nervosa, R. sculponeata andR. ternioflia.
• a botanical drug may be obtained with a combination of these species, particularly, though not exclusively, a combination of either: a) Scutellaria baicalensis; b) Lonicera japonica; c) Forsythia suspensa and d) Rabdosia rubescens.
• Preferred combinations comprise, consist essentially of or consist of one or a combination of a species from each genera, particularly one or more of the prefened species identified above.
• Preferred combinations include, but are not limited to, the combinations of a species of the genera (and the prefened species identified above) as set out below:
• each species is present as a botanical drug substance or a botanical ingredient.
• Any suitable part of the plants can be used.
• leaves, twigs, branches, bark, roots, flowers and fruits can be used.
• a) Scutellaria is the root; b) Lonicera is the flower; c) Forsythia is the fruit; and d) Rabdosia is the aerial parts, i.e. any part other than the root;
• each species calculated as dry weight of botanical raw material
• amount of each botanical calculated as dry weight of botanical raw material
• each plant may be present to provide from 5-95% of the botanical content, more preferably from 25-75% and most preferably from 40-60%. In the case of a three botanicals combination the amounts may vary depending on the combination.
• each species may be present in the following amounts:
• Forsythia spp is present in an amount by weight relative to the total weight of all the botanical raw materials of from 30 to 70 %, more preferably 40 to 60% and most preferably 50% or more, most preferably greater than 55% Lonicera spp; is present in an amount by weight relative to the total weight of all the botanical raw materials of from 12.5 to 37.5 %, more preferably 18.75 to 31.25% and most preferably about 27.5%.
• Scutellaria spp is present in an amount by weight relative to the total weight of all the botanical raw materials or ingredients of from 12.5 to 37.5 %, more preferably 18.75 to 31.25% and most preferably about 27.5%.
• a suspension powder mixture comprising as botanicals: a Forsythia spp in an amount by weight relative to the total weight of all the botanical raw materials of from 30 to 70 %, a Lonicera spp in an amount by weight relative to the total weight of all the botanical raw materials of from 12.5 to 37.5%, and a Scutellaria spp in an amount by weight relative to the total weight of all the botanical raw materials of from 12.5 to 37.5% and as excipients: one or more gellants or thickeners comprising at least one xanthum gum having a particle size distribution such that 100% by weight of the particles pass a 60 mesh sieve, 95% by weight of the particles pass a 80 mesh sieve and 70% by weight of the particles pass a 200 mesh sieve, one or more fillers; and one or more wetting agents or surfactants.
• the Forsythia comprises greater than 50% of the total plant extracts (by weight of the botanical raw material equivalents).
• Scutellaria spp or Forsythia spp is demonstrated to be the primary active it is prefened that it comprises greater than 50% of the plant components, more preferably greater than 60% more preferably still greater than 70%, through 80 and 90% to as much as 100%.
• the invention also extends to a method of treating patients infected with SARS-CoV by administering a medicament according to the invention to the patient.
• the single figure is a digital image of representative assay plates demonstrating the inhibitory effect of PYN5C against SARS-CoV.
• the claimed invention is based on the finding that PYN 5C, a lyophilised 70% > ethanolic extract of a Scutellaria spp inhibited SARS-CoV in cell culture.
• US 6,083,921 teaches a first composition comprising: a) 0.25mg Radix Scutellariae; b) 0.25mg Fructus Forsythiae; and c) 0.5mg Flos Lonicerae per ml of composition
• composition comprising: a) 2mg baicalin; b) lmg chlorogenic acid; and c) 1 mg forsythiaside per ml of composition.
• any one of, or any combination of Baicalin, Chlorogenic acid and Forsythiaside for use in the manufacture of a drug or dietary supplement for the treatment of SARS-CoV
• the specific formula disclosed in WO 02/060379 comprises a ratioed mix of the raw herbal materials in amounts of: a) Flos Lonicerae 1 part by weight (equivalent to 1875g of raw material); b) Fructus Forsythiae 2 parts by weight (equivalent to 3750g of raw material); and c) Radix Scutellariae 1 part by weight (equivalent to 1875g of raw material).
• More particularly it comprises i) 90-180 parts a soft extract of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae; ii) 10-60 parts of a supercritical extract of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae; and iii) 30-50 parts of an extract of Radix Scutellariae.
• Flos Lonicerae raw material is shown to have 8-11 peaks, the 4 th peak of which is Chlorogenic acid which is used as a reference peak (Fig 2 of the specification); Fructus Forsythiae raw material is shown to have 11-14 peaks, the 8 th peak of which is Phillyrin which is used as a reference peak (Fig 3 of the specification); and Radix Scutellariae raw material is shown to have 22-25 peaks, the 12 th peak of which is Baicalin and the 21 st peak is Baicalein both of which are used as reference peaks (Fig 4 of the specification).
• extracts showing improved efficacy differ in content from the raw materials due to the extraction techniques employed.
• compositions and similar ones might also be expected to show activity.
• the dosage form is a suspension powder, typically packaged in a sachet, preferably with a container for preparing the unit dose for oral administration.
• the container preferably holds a volume of less than 100ml, and is preferably marked such that the user knows how much liquid to add in order to suspend the product.
• Most preferably the container is provided with a sealable lid so that it can be vigorously shaken such that the medicine is suspended.
• the preferred excipients of the suspension powder include: a) one or more gellants or thickeners, preferably comprising at least one xanthum gum having a particle size distribution that 100% by weight of the particles pass a 60 mesh sieve, 95% by weight of the particles pass a 80 mesh sieve and 70% by weight of the particles pass a 200 mesh sieve, b) one or more fillers, particularly taste masking agents; and c) one or more wetting agents or surfactants or other agents which aid suspension.
• the dosage form is suspendable in a cold solvent, such as water, and in a volume of less than 50ml, more preferably less than 25ml.
• a preferred xanthan gum has a molecular weight of 3.5 to 4.0 x 10 6 such as that sold as Ferwogel.
• a preferred wetting agent is a polyethylene glycol or macrogol.
• the botanical drug substance or dietary supplement may additionally comprise one or more of a disintegrating agent, lubricant, sweetening agent, flavouring agent and a viscosifying agent.
• the Scutellaria spp was subjected to an extraction process as set out below: 1. Grind material to a fine powder; 2. Weigh lOOg of coarse powder and extract it under reflux for 2 hours using 1 litre of 70 % ethanol; 3. When cool, filter through a filter paper and collect the ethanol extract; 4. To the Scutellaria spp residue, add 1 litre of 70% ethanol and reflux for 2 hours and repeat as step 3; 5. Combine the ethanol extracts of steps 3 and 4; 6. Recover the solvent on a "RotaVapour" to a small volume suitable for lyophilising; 7. Lyophilise the extract; 8. Weigh the lyophilised extract and store in sealed glass containers.
• PYN 5C was tested against two viruses (SARS CoV and RSV S2, supplied by NCPV) in cell culture (vero C1008 cells, originally supplied by ECACC). Each test material was made up in DMSO and added to the culture overlay at two different final concentrations. After 3 days incubation at 37°C, the cell monolayers were fixed stained and any plaques counted.
• the PYN5C composition inhibits SARS- CoV infectivity approximately 50% at the highest concentration used (200 ⁇ g/ml). The effect would appear to be dose dependant given that there is less inhibition at the lower dose trialled. Significantly the inhibition at the higher level was greater than Ribavirin (lOO ⁇ g/ml).
• the herb extract was formulated into a suspension dosage form by mixing with the following excipients :

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• 2004
  • 2004-02-27 GB GB0404327A patent/GB2411354B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2004-02-27 GB GB0608398A patent/GB2425476A/en not_active Withdrawn
• 2005
  • 2005-02-25 EP EP05717795A patent/EP1734976A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2005-02-25 WO PCT/GB2005/000714 patent/WO2005082388A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2005-02-25 AU AU2005216697A patent/AU2005216697A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2005-02-25 US US10/590,287 patent/US20080038382A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2005-02-25 CN CNA2005800060853A patent/CN1925863A/zh active Pending
  • 2005-02-25 JP JP2007500294A patent/JP2007524709A/ja not_active Withdrawn

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