WO2005060317A1 - 有機機能素子およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
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- WO2005060317A1 WO2005060317A1 PCT/JP2004/018498 JP2004018498W WO2005060317A1 WO 2005060317 A1 WO2005060317 A1 WO 2005060317A1 JP 2004018498 W JP2004018498 W JP 2004018498W WO 2005060317 A1 WO2005060317 A1 WO 2005060317A1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K71/60—Forming conductive regions or layers, e.g. electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/805—Electrodes
- H10K50/82—Cathodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/805—Electrodes
- H10K59/8052—Cathodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K10/00—Organic devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching; Organic capacitors or resistors having potential barriers
- H10K10/40—Organic transistors
- H10K10/46—Field-effect transistors, e.g. organic thin-film transistors [OTFT]
- H10K10/462—Insulated gate field-effect transistors [IGFETs]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K71/10—Deposition of organic active material
- H10K71/12—Deposition of organic active material using liquid deposition, e.g. spin coating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an organic functional element, and in particular, to an organic semiconductor element, an organic thin film transistor element (hereinafter, a thin film transistor is referred to as a TFT), an organic electroluminescent element (hereinafter, an electroluminescent element is referred to as an EL), and manufacturing thereof. About the method.
- LCDs liquid crystal displays
- PDPs plasma display panels
- FED field emission display
- the LCD is called a light-receiving type, and the liquid crystal itself transmits and blocks external light that does not emit light, and operates as a so-called shutter to constitute a display device.
- the self-luminous type does not need a separate light source because the device itself emits light.
- the backlight is always turned on regardless of the state of the display information and consumes almost the same power as in the full display state.
- the self-luminous type has the advantage that it consumes less power compared to the light-receiving display device in principle, because only the portion that needs to be lit according to display information consumes power. .
- an LCD uses an orientation change derived from the dielectric anisotropy of a liquid crystal, which is an organic elastic substance, and thus has a response time to an electric signal of lms or more in principle.
- the above-mentioned technology has been developed and uses the electron Z hole, ivy, so-called carrier transition, electron emission, plasma discharge, and the like. It is much faster than that, and there is no problem of moving image afterimage caused by the slow response of LCD! ,
- Organic EL is also called OEL (Organic EL) or Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED).
- OEL devices and OLED devices have a structure in which a layer containing an organic compound (EL layer) is sandwiched between a pair of anode and cathode electrodes. It is based on a laminated structure of “layer Z negative electrode” (for example, see Patent Document 1). Further, while Tan et al. Use a low molecular weight material, Henry et al. Use a high molecular weight material (for example, see Patent Document 2).
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a basic cross-sectional structure of a conventional organic EL element 51.
- OLEDs emit light by applying an electric field between the electrodes and passing an electric current through the EL layer.
- fluorescence emitted when returning from the singlet excited state to the ground state was used.
- Excited state force Phosphorescence emission when returning to the ground state can be effectively used, and the efficiency has been improved.
- the organic EL element 51 is mounted on a translucent substrate 52 such as a glass substrate or a plastic substrate.
- the EL layer which is the light emitting layer 54, and the counter electrode are formed in this order.
- the transparent electrode is often used as the positive electrode 53, and the negative electrode 55 is often made of metal as the counter electrode.
- the light emission 58 can also be confirmed from the transparent electrode 53 side force.
- the hole injection layer 56 and the electron injection layer 57 are each disposed between the EL layer and the electrode, as required, to have an effect of improving efficiency and extending the life. It has been known.
- the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer are treated synonymously, and the electron injection layer and the electron transport layer are treated synonymously.
- a method for forming the EL layer in general, when a low-molecular material is used as a material for the EL layer, a vacuum evaporation method using a mask is used. A coating method, a printing method, a transfer method and the like are used.
- the low-molecular-weight mask vacuum evaporation method has the problem that it is difficult to increase the size of the vacuum apparatus and evaporation mask, and thus it is difficult to cope with the increase in size and to make a large number of wafers using large substrates. is there .
- polymer materials and low-molecular materials that can be coated can be formed by wet processes such as the inkjet method, printing method, casting method, alternate adsorption method, spin coating method, and dipping method. The coating process is promising as a method of forming an organic EL device with less problems.
- Transparent electrodes can be prepared separately from organic EL production by sputtering or vacuum depositing a transparent conductive film of ITO or IZO on a transparent substrate.
- a transparent conductive film of ITO or IZO on a transparent substrate.
- a polymer organic EL material PPV (polyphenylenevinylene) described in Patent Document 2 is dissolved in an organic solvent and spin-coated.
- a low work function metal such as A1 or Ag is formed into a negative electrode by vacuum deposition.
- a substance having a low work function has a good electron injection effect.
- alkali metals and alkaline earth metals are optimal.
- an alkali metal or an alkali metal is used in an organic EL device manufactured by conventional vapor deposition or the like. It has been proposed to use an alloy of an alkaline earth metal and another metal for an electron injection electrode of an organic EL device (for example, see Patent Documents 4, 5, and 6).
- the low-melting point metals (alloy compositions) usable as the cathode described in Patent Document 3 are all Sn-containing alloys as shown in Table 1 of Patent Document 3. Yes, all alloys have melting points over 160 ° C.
- Patent Document 3 discloses that in addition to those described in Table 1, metals Ga, K, Cs, and Rb can be used, and forces Ga, K, Cs, and Rb have respective melting points. It has a very low melting point of 29 ° C, 63 ° C, 28 ° C, and 38 ° C.
- Patent Document 3 describes a method of applying a molten metal on a positive electrode substrate on which an EL layer is formed, but a specific method of applying the metal in a heated and molten state. Is not shown. Further, Patent Document 3 describes a method of printing a conductive paste on an EL layer and then heating the paste to 175 ° C. to cure the paste.A silver paste is used as a conductive paste, and silver is used. Its melting point is as high as 960 ° C. In this case, only the paste resin is thermoset, and it is clear that silver as a metal has not melted.
- an organic functional element such as an organic EL element
- selection of a melting point of a metal of an electrode is very important in practical use.
- a metal having a very high melting point or a metal having a very low melting point causes the following problem.
- the melting point of the metal used as the electrode is high, the high-temperature stability of the organic material layer at the time of electrode formation becomes a problem, and a heating temperature that greatly exceeds the glass transition temperature of the organic material layer causes serious damage to the organic material layer. Had a problem.
- the melting point of the metal used as the electrode is low, storage stability as a functional element becomes a problem.
- the room temperature becomes extremely high, and when the organic EL element is used as a display device, if the melting point of the metal used as the electrode is very low, the electrode will melt due to the high temperature. Then, when the device was destroyed, there was a problem.
- Patent Documents 4, 5, and 6 disclose, for example, using an alloy source containing an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal by co-evaporation in the vicinity of a light emitting layer by using various kinds of metals as independent evaporation sources.
- the electrodes are formed by vacuum evaporation.
- Another technique is to form an electrode by a vapor deposition method or a sputtering method using a force alloy that uses an alloy of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal and another metal as a target material.
- it is manufactured by the vapor deposition method ⁇ sputtering method, because the melting point of the alloy used is high! Therefore, it is not possible to manufacture by the vacuum film forming method! What a problem!
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent No. 1526026
- Patent Document 2 Patent No. 3239991
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-237382
- Patent Document 4 JP-A-9-320763
- Patent Document 5 JP-A-10-12381
- Patent Document 6 JP-A-11 329746
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and has been applied to an organic material layer in an organic functional element such as an organic semiconductor element represented by an organic TFT element and an organic EL element. Since there is no need to use vapor deposition in electrode formation, it is easy to increase the size and reduce manufacturing costs. Also, it is possible to provide an organic functional element having high reliability and a method for manufacturing the same, without being affected by environmental changes without damaging the organic material layer during electrode formation. is there.
- an organic functional element of the present invention is an organic functional element including at least a plurality of electrodes and an organic material layer, wherein at least one of the electrodes is an organic functional element. It is characterized by being composed of a metal having a melting point not higher than 30 ° C higher than the glass transition temperature of the material layer.
- the present invention provides a glass transition of an organic material layer such as an organic semiconductor layer and an organic light emitting layer to at least one of the electrodes constituting an organic functional element such as an organic EL element, an organic TFT element, and an organic semiconductor element.
- an electrode is formed without vapor deposition. If the melting temperature of the electrode metal is higher than the glass transition temperature of the organic material layer such as the organic light emitting layer and the organic semiconductor layer by more than 30 ° C, the organic material layer such as the organic light emitting layer and the organic semiconductor layer may be seriously damaged. Because I will give it.
- the organic functional device of the present invention is an organic functional device comprising at least a plurality of electrodes and an organic material layer, wherein at least one of the electrodes is at 70 ° C. or higher and the organic material layer It is characterized by being composed of a metal with a melting point of 30 ° C higher than the glass transition temperature or lower.
- the melting point of the metal used as the electrode is practically 70 ° C at the minimum. If the melting point is lower than 70 ° C, a problem of melting due to heat will occur.
- the organic EL element is an important issue because it is difficult to perform processing such as so-called packaging and cooling like other organic functional elements that are often used for display devices.
- the organic functional element of the present invention is an organic functional element comprising at least a plurality of electrodes and an organic material layer, wherein at least one of the electrodes has a melting point of 70 ° C or more and 160 ° C or less. It is characterized by comprising.
- an organic material layer such as an organic light emitting layer may be formed during electrode formation. This is because it causes serious damage.
- the organic functional element of the present invention is characterized in that the metal constituting the electrode is an alloy of Bi and another metal.
- the organic functional element of the present invention is preferably characterized in that, as a mode, the metal constituting the electrode has a higher Bi component than other metals. Further, the metal constituting the electrode is an alloy of Bi and one, two, three, four, or five metals of any one of Sn, Pb, Cd, Sb, and In. It is assumed that.
- Another organic functional element of the present invention is characterized in that the metal constituting the electrode is an alloy of Sn and Bi, and the Sn component is larger than the Bi component.
- another organic functional element of the present invention is characterized in that the metal constituting the electrode is an alloy of In and Sn.
- the organic functional element is an organic EL element, an organic TFT element, or an organic semiconductor element. It has the electrode. In the case of an organic EL device, the electrode is a negative electrode.
- the use of an alloy containing Bi as a main component as an electrode also has an advantage that electron injection into the EL layer is improved as much as possible.
- a low work function metal is used from the viewpoint that electrons are easily emitted, and in general, A1 having a work function of 4.2 eV is often suitably used as a typical metal.
- Bi which is the main component of the electrode metal, has a work function close to A1. 1) For a 311 alloy (50: 25: 25% by weight), the work function is almost equal to 4.leV and A1.
- the use of an alloy containing In as a main component as an electrode also has an advantage that electron injection into the EL layer is improved as much as possible.
- the work function of In is almost equal to 4.leV and A1.
- an electron injection layer is important for producing a practical device in terms of characteristics such as voltage, luminance, and efficiency, and even in other organic functional devices such as an organic TFT, a larger size is required.
- An electrode having a good electron injection function is important because the current can be controlled.
- the organic functional element of the present invention has at least a plurality of electrodes and an organic material layer.
- Functional element wherein at least one of the electrodes is made of a metal containing an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, and the melting point of the metal is 200 ° C. or less.
- the force of using a melting point metal at an appropriate temperature for an organic functional material as an electrode is used.
- An electrode material metal having an injection function and excellent stability can be obtained, whereby an organic functional element having further excellent characteristics can be manufactured.
- the metal constituting the electrode is an alloy of Bi and another metal, and the Bi component has a Bi component larger than that of the other metal, and Sn, Pb, Cd, Sb, In, and the like. It is characterized by containing one or two or three or four or five metals of any one of the above, and at least one alkali metal or alkaline earth metal.
- the metal constituting the electrode is an alloy of Sn and Bi, and the Sn component is larger than the Bi component and at least one kind of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal. It is characterized by containing a genus.
- Another organic functional element of the present invention is characterized in that the metal constituting the electrode is an alloy of In and Sn, and contains at least one kind of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal. Things.
- one of the alkali metals or alkaline earth metals is contained in an amount of 0.1%.
- one kind of the alkali metal or the alkaline earth metal is 0.01-1% by weight, preferably 0.05-0.5% by weight.
- Preferred alkali or alkaline earth metals are those selected from the group of Ca, Li, Cs, Mg, Sr.
- the organic functional element of the present invention is an organic functional element composed of at least a plurality of electrodes and an organic material layer, wherein at least one of the electrodes is formed of the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal. And a metal suitable for the organic functional material at a temperature of 200 ° C. or less.
- the low melting point metal described in JP-A-2002-237382 is required for a high electron injection function. And no metal containing alkali metal as a vapor deposition source described in JP-A-9-320763, JP-A-10-12381, and JP-A-11-329746. Each of them has a melting point higher than that of the present invention and cannot be melt-formed.
- the low melting point metal of 200 ° C or lower containing alkali metal used as the electrode of the organic functional element in the present invention is a novel substance.
- the organic functional element of the present invention is characterized in that a gap defined by the organic material layer and a base material having a concave portion facing the organic material layer is filled with the metal. It is.
- Another organic functional element of the present invention is characterized in that the base material having the concave portion has one or more holes, and the holes are sealed with a cured metal. is there.
- a particle paste of a metal constituting at least one of the electrodes is applied on the organic material layer, and the metal of the particle paste is melted and cooled.
- An electrode is formed.
- the organic functional element is an organic EL element, an organic TFT element, or an organic semiconductor element.
- a substrate having a concave portion for melting and holding a metal constituting at least one of the electrodes and a substrate on which the organic material layer is formed are formed of an organic material.
- An electrode is formed by pressing the material layer and the metal so as to be in contact with each other so as to be in contact with each other, transferring the metal to the organic material layer, and cooling the organic material layer.
- a gap is formed by an organic material layer and a base material having a concave portion provided with one or more holes opposed to the organic material layer,
- the method is characterized in that at least one metal constituting the electrode is melted and injected into the gap through the hole, and the electrode is formed by cooling.
- the electrodes are formed by arranging a metal in a hole, evacuating a gap and a certain peripheral space, and releasing gas from the peripheral space in this order.
- An electrode is formed by injecting a metal into the gap by a vacuum injection method.
- the formation of the electrode is performed by adding a metal to the hole.
- the electrode is formed by injecting metal into the gap by sequentially sucking out gas in the gap with the force of the other hole where no metal is arranged and by disposing the metal. This is a so-called vacuum injection method and a method of sucking out gas in the gap.
- Another method for manufacturing an organic functional device of the present invention is characterized in that the formation of the electrode by the vacuum injection method or the formation of the electrode by suction of the gas in the gap is performed in an inert gas. To do.
- the inert gas is nitrogen, argon, or a mixed gas of nitrogen and argon.
- Another manufacturing method of the organic functional element of the present invention is characterized in that the hole is sealed by cooling and hardening the molten metal, and a substrate having a concave portion is provided. It is.
- Another method of manufacturing an organic functional element according to the present invention is characterized in that electrodes are formed in a fixed form by the shapes of the recesses and the gaps.
- Another manufacturing method of the organic functional element of the present invention is characterized in that the concave portion and the gap also have a plurality of stripe shape forces.
- the base material having the concave portion is made of glass or metal.
- It is characterized in that it is a force selected from any one of ceramic, resin and resin, or is formed of two or more kinds of composite materials.
- the organic functional element may be an organic functional element.
- an electrode can be formed on an organic material layer without using a vacuum film formation method such as vapor deposition, and an organic functional element, particularly, an organic EL element, an organic TFT element, or the like can be manufactured.
- an organic functional element particularly, an organic EL element, an organic TFT element, or the like can be manufactured.
- These functional elements can be increased in size and reduced in manufacturing cost.
- an organic functional element having high reliability without being affected by an environmental change without damaging the organic material layer when forming the electrode can be provided.
- the organic functional device of the present invention can be manufactured in a vacuum or in an inert gas,
- the uniformity of light emission of the light emitting surface is further improved, and the shape of the electrode can be arbitrarily controlled, so that the completeness of the light emitting element can be improved.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a basic structure showing an embodiment of an organic EL device of the present invention, and is an explanatory diagram showing a manufacturing process.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing another method for manufacturing an organic EL device of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory view illustrating a method for manufacturing an organic EL device of the present invention according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing another manufacturing method of the present invention for the organic EL device of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing another manufacturing method of the present invention for the organic EL device of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing another manufacturing method of the present invention for the organic EL device of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing a method for manufacturing the organic EL device of the present invention shown in FIG. 6.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory view illustrating a method for manufacturing an organic EL display device of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing a cross-sectional structure of a conventional organic EL device.
- FIG. 10 is an example of an electronic device equipped with the display device of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a sectional configuration view of a TFT element according to an example of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is an explanatory view showing the structure and manufacturing steps of the organic EL device of the present invention.
- Table 1 shows the composition ratio and melting point of the metal alloy used as the electrode in the present invention.
- a method for containing an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal using the metal alloy shown in Table 1 as a base material it can be usually carried out by a method of handling these air-flammable metals. For example, it is a method of melting, mixing and cooling in a heating furnace or a vacuum heating furnace in which an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon is replaced.
- the addition amount of the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal for exhibiting a high electron injection function is 0.01-1%, preferably 0.05-0.5% with respect to the base metal alloy by volume ratio or weight ratio. %, And the melting point of the base metal alloy does not change.
- the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal is preferably selected from the group consisting of Ca, Li, Cs, Mg, and Sr.
- FIG. 1 is an example of a manufacturing method for forming the organic EL element 1 of the present invention, and is a manufacturing method for melting a metal constituting the negative electrode 5 on the light emitting layer 4.
- FIG. 2 is an example of another manufacturing method for forming the organic EL element 1 of the present invention, and is a manufacturing method in which a molten metal 5 a constituting the negative electrode 5 is applied on the light emitting layer 4.
- FIG. 3 is a process diagram showing the manufacturing method of the present invention for forming the organic EL element 1 of the present invention. The metal paste 5b constituting the negative electrode 5 is applied on the light emitting layer 4 and the metal is melted to form an electrode. This is a manufacturing method for forming.
- FIG. 4 shows the organic E of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is an example of another manufacturing method of the present invention for forming the organic EL element 1 of the present invention, in which a light emitting layer 4 and a base material 22 having a concave portion facing the light emitting layer 4 constitute a gap 22a.
- FIG. 6 is an example of another manufacturing method of the present invention for forming the organic EL element 1 of the present invention, in which the light emitting layer 4 and the base material 22 having the concave portion facing each other constitute a gap 22a, and the gap 22a is formed.
- This is a manufacturing method in which the molten metal 5a constituting the negative electrode is injected from the hole 23 provided into the gap 22a by sucking out the gas in the hole 22a.
- Figs. 1 and 6 indicates a substrate, 3 indicates a positive electrode (transparent electrode), and 9 indicates a hot plate.
- the manufacturing method shown in FIG. 1 is a method of heating, melting, and cooling the metal forming the negative electrode 5 provided on the light emitting layer 4 using a hot plate 9 or the like, and can be manufactured with simple equipment.
- Certain 1S electrodes tend to be thick films. When the film thickness is large, the expansion and contraction coefficients of the organic EL layer, which is an organic material, and the electrode metal are significantly different, and thus, the electrode may be peeled off or a contact failure may occur at the interface between the organic EL layer and the electrode.
- the manufacturing method shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 has an advantage that the electrode film thickness can be easily controlled.
- the electrode thickness is preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 20 ⁇ m or less.
- the organic EL device 1 of the present invention as a manufacturing method for applying the metal constituting the molten negative electrode 5 on the light emitting layer 4, for example, as shown in FIG.
- the molten metal 5a can be applied to the shape.
- the heated portion such as the nozzle of the dispenser 10 be made of a stable metal such as SUS.
- the metal paste 5b can be produced by processing the metal into fine particles having a diameter of 50 ⁇ m or less and dispersing the fine particles in a resin binder.
- the conductivity can be further improved. It can be said to be a method of manufacturing an organic EL device having good light-emitting characteristics because it can enhance the adhesion to the light-emitting layer and the bonding at the molecular level at the interface of the light-emitting layer and the negative electrode.
- screen printing or the like can be used for applying the metal paste 5b.
- reference numeral 11 denotes a screen version
- 12 denotes a squeegee
- Organic EL devices formed in the air by these manufacturing methods have excellent light-emitting characteristics such as voltage and luminance, but are not sufficiently uniform. It is presumed that an oxide film is formed on the electrode surface that is in contact with the light emitting layer, because light emission unevenness easily occurs in the surface of the electrode having a certain area. In order to improve the uniformity, it is desirable to form the electrodes in a so-called glove box in which an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon has been replaced.However, the manufacturing method shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 has the following problems. Yes.
- the formation of an oxidized film can be prevented by the low water concentration and the low oxygen concentration in the glove box.However, since the water concentration is low, it is close to a liquid and the contact angle of the molten metal in the shape becomes extremely high. It flies over the light emitting layer and is difficult to form.
- the production method of the present invention shown in FIG. 4 can form an electrode even in a state where the contact angle is high, and is effective in improving uniformity. Further, according to this method, it is easy to form the electrode into an arbitrary shape and film thickness depending on the shape of the concave portion of the substrate 22 having the concave portion.
- the electrode may be transferred by peeling the substrate 22 having the concave portion for forming an electrode, and according to this method, the substrate 22 having the concave portion may be left to remove water.
- organic functional materials that are easily degraded by oxygen are used as they are as sealing materials for isolating atmospheric power.
- the gap 22a is formed by arranging the base material 22 having the concave portion facing the light emitting layer 4 in advance.
- This state is defined as an empty element.
- a hole 23 is provided in the empty element, and the molten metal 5a is disposed in the hole 23.
- the empty element is placed in the container, the entire container is evacuated, and then the container is opened to the atmosphere.
- the gap 22a is usually formed with a narrow width of 1 mm or less, and convection occurs due to the flow of the molten metal 5a through the narrow gap. It is considered that the metal electrode 5 is formed by uniformly introducing the undegraded alkali metal into the surface of the light emitting layer 4, and a more uniform light emitting state can be obtained.
- the gap 22a is formed by arranging the base material 22 having the concave portion facing the light emitting layer 4 in advance. This state is defined as an empty element.
- the hollow element is provided with a plurality of holes 23, the molten metal 5a is disposed in the holes 23, and the gas inside the air element is sucked out from the other holes 23 to form the metal electrode 5. How to do it.
- the formation of the electrode by sucking out the gas in the gap is preferably performed in an inert gas such as nitrogen, argon, or a mixed gas of nitrogen and argon.
- reference numeral 24 denotes gas suction
- the holes 23 are formed in the substrate 22 having the concave portions facing each other, and the substrate 2 having the light emitting layer 4 and the substrate 22 having the concave portions are bonded to each other. Part of the sealing material may be opened.
- FIGS. 5 and 6 the sealing effect can be obtained at the same time by cooling and hardening the molten metal 5a that closes the hole 23.
- FIG. 5 (d) shows an example of the organic EL element 1 from which the base material 22 having the concave portion has been removed
- FIG. 6 (d) shows that the hole 23 is sealed with a molten metal 5a which has been cooled and hardened.
- An example of an organic EL device 1 in which a base material 22 having a concave portion is used as it is as a sealing material is shown.
- FIG. 6 As a more practical method of performing the manufacturing method of FIG. 6, for example, there is a manufacturing method shown in FIG.
- One of the holes 23 of the empty element composed of the sealing material 28 is sealed with a partition member 27 having a packing 26, and the other hole 23 is immersed in a heat-resistant container 25 holding the molten metal 5a.
- a partition member 27 having a packing 26 By sucking the inside of the empty element, mass production of metal electrodes in a large area becomes possible.
- the shape of the electrode depends on the shape of the base material 22 having the concave portion. Can be formed at will.
- a pixel electrode for forming a so-called display device is formed by using a substrate 22 having a concave portion having a stripe portion 29 in which a plurality of stripe-shaped irregularities are formed. It is effective.
- any one of glass, metal, ceramic, and resin can be selected, or it can be formed of two or more composite materials. Is desirable.
- the hole injection layer can be formed by coating such as water-soluble PEDOTZPSS (polyethylene dioxythiophene polystyrene sulfonate).
- the coating type luminescent material is as described above.
- FIG. 12 1 is an organic EL element, 2 is a substrate, 3 is a positive electrode (transparent electrode), 4 is a light emitting layer, 5 is a negative electrode (metal electrode), 6 is a hole injection (transport) layer, 7 Indicates an electron injection (transport) layer.
- a device 15 equipped with the display device provided by using the above-described present invention as a display unit 13 a mobile phone equipped with an operation unit 14 or a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) type A terminal, a PC (Personal Computer), a television receiver, a video camera, a digital camera, and the like can be provided.
- PDA Personal Digital Assistant
- PC Personal Computer
- FIG. 10D reference numeral 16 denotes a lens unit.
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.
- the above embodiment is merely an example, and any of those having substantially the same configuration as the technical idea described in the claims of the present invention and having the same effect can be obtained. Are also included in the technical scope of the present invention.
- Example 1 The following solutions were prepared as examples of the present invention.
- the fluorescent dye is coumarin 6, green emission has a peak at 501 nm, when perylene is 460 to 470 nm, blue emission has a peak, and when DCM (dicyanomethylenepyran derivative) has a peak at 570 nm. Red light emission was obtained. These were used as light emitting materials of each color.
- An organic EL device having a cross section shown in FIG. 9 was produced.
- the substrate 52 was made of glass, and the transparent electrode 53 was made of ITO having a thickness of 200 nm. After the substrate 52 was washed, PEDOTZP SS (Bayer: Bayer CH8000) was applied as a hole injection layer 56 to a thickness of 80 nm by spin coating and baked at 160 ° C.
- PEDOTZP SS (Bayer: Bayer CH8000) was applied as a hole injection layer 56 to a thickness of 80 nm by spin coating and baked at 160 ° C.
- the above-mentioned coating liquid for forming a red organic EL layer was applied on PEDOT by spin coating to a thickness of 80 nm, and baked at 130 ° C. to form a coating.
- a metal (alloy) with a composition of -311 (50: 25: 25%) is shown in Fig. 1, and the substrate 2 on which the light emitting layer 4 is formed beforehand is heated to 98 ° C, which is 5 ° C higher than the melting point of the metal alloy. Heat was applied to the hot plate 9 to melt the metal on the light emitting layer 4 to form the negative electrode 5.
- the shape and thickness of the electrode differed depending on the size and thickness of the metal alloy block placed on the light emitting layer.
- Example 1 An element was manufactured in the same configuration as in Example 1 except that A1 was vacuum-deposited as a negative electrode. The device started to emit light at 3.4 V, and had an emission intensity of lOOcdZm 2 at 7. IV, which was almost the same as that of the device of Example 1. As a result, the EL display element according to Example 1 was the same as in the vapor deposition method. It was confirmed that the light-emitting element had such characteristics as a light-emitting element.
- a device was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a solvent-free two-component epoxy resin type silver paste was applied as a negative electrode and baked at 175 ° C, but silver was not melted.
- the adhesion to the light-emitting layer was not strong, and the light-emitting layer was damaged by high heat, and the desired light-emitting characteristics could not be obtained.
- Example 8 An element similar to that of Example 1 was produced except that the metal of the cathode was made of the following alloy.
- Bi-Pb-Sn-Cd (50.0: 25.0: 12.5: 12.5%) (Example 8)
- the heating temperature of the substrate was 5 ° C higher than the melting point of each metal.
- the light emission starting voltage is 3.6 V to 3.7 V
- the voltage for light emission at a luminance of 100 cdZm 2 is 7.2 V to 7.4 V.
- the light emitting characteristics are almost the same as those of the device of Example 1.
- the alloys of Examples 1 to 11 were mixed with Ca in a volume ratio of 0.04%. Both metals were melted, mixed and cooled using a nitrogen purged electric furnace. The melting points were as strong as the base alloy.
- Example 1 The same devices as in Examples 1 to 11 were produced except that the above-described metal was used as the negative electrode.
- the substrate was heated at 5 ° C higher than the melting point of each metal. In either element, 2. IV from the emission starting voltage 2.
- OV the voltage of emitting light at a luminance LOOcdZm 2 is 5. 3V or al 5. 5V, emission characteristics than the device of Example 11 from Example 1 Voltage and brightness were reduced.
- Example 13 An element was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 12, except that CaAl was continuously vacuum-deposited as a negative electrode. 2. Light emission started at OV, and 4. Light emission intensity was 100 cdZm 2 at OV. (Example 13)
- Example 12 A device similar to that of Example 12 was produced except that Ca was mixed and contained in 0.1% and 0.5% by volume in Example 12. In each case, the light-emission starting voltage was 2. OV to 2. IV, and the light emission voltage at luminosity lOOcdZm 2 was 3.9 V, which was 4. IV. It was confirmed that the device exhibited light emission characteristics equivalent to those of the evaporated Ca device of Comparative Example 4.
- a device was produced in the same manner as in Example 13, except that Ca was mixed and contained in the same manner in the weight ratio in Example 13.
- Example 13 It exhibited the same voltage-luminance characteristics as those of Example 13, and it was confirmed that the light-emitting characteristics equivalent to those of the evaporated Ca device of Comparative Example 4 were exhibited.
- An element was manufactured in the same configuration as in Comparative Example 4 except that the light emitting layer was a blue light emitting layer. 2. Light emission was started at OV, and the light emission intensity was 1.00 cdZm 2 at 5.8 V.
- Example 1 to 11 The same devices as in Examples 1 to 11 were produced except that the method of forming the negative electrode in Examples 1 to 11 was changed to dispenser coating. Using a SUS syringe, the metal melted at a temperature 5 ° C higher than the melting point of each metal was directly dispensed onto the light emitting layer. The coating film thickness was set to 20 / zm.
- the thickness of the electrode can be controlled to be thin, so that the uniformity of light emission on the light emitting surface can be improved, and the shape of the electrode can be arbitrarily controlled. Significantly improved.
- Example 1 to 11 The same devices as in Examples 1 to 11 were produced except that the method of forming the negative electrode in Examples 1 to 11 was changed to screen printing. Fine particles of each metal were dispersed in a resin binder, paste-pasted, and printed on the light emitting layer. The printing conditions were set so that the thickness of the completed negative electrode was 20 m. After printing, the substrate was heated to a temperature 5 ° C higher than the melting point of each metal to melt and cool the metal particles in the paste to form a negative electrode.
- Example 18 and Example 19 The method of forming the negative electrode in Example 18 and Example 19 was performed by using the method of FIG. 4 in a glove box. A device similar to that of Example 18 and Example 19 was prepared except that the above conditions were satisfied.
- the substrate having the concave portions was made of glass.
- Example 18 from the voltage for emitting the 7. 2V in luminance lOOcdZm 2, was emission characteristics unchanged substantially with the element of Example 19 .
- the light emitting element can be manufactured in a glove box by further adding the light emitting element to Examples 18 and 19, so that the light emission uniformity of the light emitting surface can be further improved and the electrode shape can be arbitrarily controlled. The degree of perfection has been greatly improved.
- the same devices as in Examples 18 and 19 were produced except that the method of forming the negative electrode in Examples 18 and 19 was changed to the vacuum injection method in FIG.
- the substrate having the concave portions forming the gap was made of glass. This was bonded to the substrate on which the light emitting layer was formed by UV sealing to prepare an empty device. Forces to fabricate devices with gaps between 5 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m.Either device had a luminescence onset voltage of 3.6 V to 3.7 V, and a voltage for emission at a luminance of lOOcdZm 2 of 7.2 V to 7.4 V.
- the light emitting characteristics were almost the same as those of the devices of Examples 18 and 19.
- the device in addition to the embodiments 18 and 19, the device can be manufactured in a vacuum, so that the uniformity of light emission on the light emitting surface can be further improved, and the electrode shape can be arbitrarily controlled. It has been greatly improved. Also, the molten metal was cooled and hardened to close the holes, thereby simultaneously sealing and completing the device.
- the same devices as in Examples 18 and 19 were produced except that the method of forming the negative electrode in Examples 18 and 19 was changed to the suction method in FIG. 6 in a glove box.
- the substrate having the concave portion forming the gap was made of glass. This was bonded to the substrate on which the light emitting layer was formed by UV sealing to prepare an empty element. 3. the gap clearance from 5 ⁇ m- 500 ⁇ m and then to produce a device forces emission starting voltage at any of the element 3. 6V 7V, the voltage of emitting light at a luminance LOOcdZm 2 from 7. 2V and 7. 4V
- the light emitting characteristics were almost the same as those of the devices of Examples 18 and 19.
- the device in addition to the embodiments 18 and 19, the device can be manufactured in a vacuum, so that the uniformity of light emission on the light emitting surface can be further improved, and the shape of the electrode can be arbitrarily controlled. The degree has been greatly improved. Also, the molten metal is cooled and hardened to And sealing was performed simultaneously to complete the device.
- Example 20 Example 21, and Example 22, a plurality of stripe-shaped irregularities shown in FIG. 8 were formed on the base material having the concave portions, and formed in the same manner as in Examples 20, 21, and 22. It was implemented in. A plurality of devices with a line width of 50 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m and a line interval of 10 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m were manufactured.Each of them showed a light emission state corresponding to the stripe shape, and could be used as an electrode of a display device. It was confirmed.
- a device was produced in the same manner as in Example 20, except that the cathode was changed from Example 12 to Example 16 in Example 20.
- Each device had the same light emission characteristics as those of Examples 12 to 16. According to this example, the uniformity of light emission on the light emitting surface was improved, and the electrode shape could be arbitrarily controlled, so that the completeness as a light emitting element was greatly improved.
- a device was produced in the same manner as in Example 21 except that the cathode was changed from Example 12 to Example 16 in Example 21.
- Each device had the same light emission characteristics as those of Examples 12 to 16. According to this example, the uniformity of light emission on the light emitting surface was improved, and the electrode shape could be arbitrarily controlled, so that the completeness as a light emitting element was further greatly improved. This is probably due to the effect of surface introduction of alkali metal components by flowing through the gap.
- a device was produced in the same manner as in Example 22 except that the cathode was changed from Example 12 to Example 16 in Example 22.
- Each device had the same light emission characteristics as those of Examples 12 to 16. According to this example, the uniformity of light emission on the light emitting surface was improved, and the electrode shape could be arbitrarily controlled, so that the completeness as a light emitting element was further greatly improved. This is probably due to the effect of surface introduction of alkali metal components by flowing through the gap.
- Example 27 A device was produced in the same manner as in Example 23 except that the cathode was changed from Example 12 to Example 16 in Example 23. All of the devices exhibited the same light emission characteristics and uniform light emission state as those of Examples 20, 21, and 22, and were confirmed to be usable as electrodes of a practical display device.
- a thin film transistor (TFT) device was fabricated using an organic semiconductor. Gate electrodes and gate insulating layers required for TFT were formed on the substrate. Cr for the gate electrode and SiO for the gate insulating layer
- the normal planar electrode structure TFT element (Fig. 11 (a)), the electrostatic induction (SIT) TFT element (Fig. 11 (b)), and the top and bottom contact type TFT element (Fig. )) was prepared.
- 2 is a substrate
- 17 is a gate electrode
- 18 is a source electrode
- 19 is a drain electrode
- 20 is an organic semiconductor layer
- 21 is an insulating layer.
- the electrode formed on the organic semiconductor layer was the metal of Example 1 to Example 17, and Table 1 ⁇ (Bi-Sn-Ag (57.5: 42.0: 0.5%) and Ca)
- a metal was used in which Li ⁇ Cs ⁇ Sr was added in the same amount as in the above example, and the melting point was 194 ° C., which was as strong as that of the base material. Therefore, it is possible to select an electrode material metal having a higher melting point and a higher melting point.
- the elements are manufactured by the electrode manufacturing methods of these examples and the electrode manufacturing methods of Examples 18 to 22 and Examples 24 to 26. Produced.
- an electrode can be formed on an organic material layer without using a vacuum film formation method such as vapor deposition, and an organic functional element, particularly, an organic EL element, an organic TFT element, or the like can be manufactured.
- an organic functional element particularly, an organic EL element, an organic TFT element, or the like can be manufactured.
- These functional elements can be increased in size and reduced in manufacturing cost.
- an organic functional element having high reliability without being affected by an environmental change without damaging the organic material layer when forming the electrode can be provided. Since the organic functional device of the present invention can be manufactured in a vacuum or in an inert gas, the uniformity of light emission on the light emitting surface is further improved, and the shape of the electrode can be arbitrarily controlled. Can be improved. In addition, it is possible to complete the element by simultaneously sealing by closing the hole by cooling and hardening the molten metal.
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EP2047538B1 (en) * | 2006-07-19 | 2016-01-06 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Stacked electro-optically active organic diode with inorganic semiconductor connection layer |
JP2008218213A (ja) * | 2007-03-05 | 2008-09-18 | Pioneer Electronic Corp | 光デバイスおよびその製造方法 |
JP5655666B2 (ja) | 2011-03-31 | 2015-01-21 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法および電子注入輸送層用塗工液 |
JP5796385B2 (ja) * | 2011-07-13 | 2015-10-21 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 有機デバイス |
WO2014003196A1 (ja) * | 2012-06-29 | 2014-01-03 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 電子デバイスおよびその製造方法 |
US9881712B2 (en) * | 2012-07-20 | 2018-01-30 | Rohm And Haas Electronic Materials Llc | Highly crystalline electrically conducting polymers, methods of manufacture thereof and articles comprising the same |
US10600964B2 (en) | 2013-12-17 | 2020-03-24 | Rohm And Haas Electronic Materials Llc | Highly crystalline electrically conducting organic materials, methods of manufacture thereof and articles comprising the same |
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TW533446B (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2003-05-21 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | Electroluminescent device and a method of manufacturing thereof |
AU2003220839A1 (en) * | 2002-03-12 | 2003-09-22 | Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd. | Strip member, sealing medium including the same, sheet sealing medium, sealing substrate, sealed structure, mount device and process for producing these |
-
2004
- 2004-05-06 JP JP2004136983A patent/JP4887602B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-12-10 WO PCT/JP2004/018498 patent/WO2005060317A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2004-12-10 US US10/583,018 patent/US20070131911A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-12-10 GB GB0613382A patent/GB2427072B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2010
- 2010-10-20 US US12/908,367 patent/US8460046B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
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JPH0215595A (ja) * | 1987-02-11 | 1990-01-19 | Eastman Kodak Co | カソードを改善した電界発光デバイス |
JP2002540591A (ja) * | 1998-12-15 | 2002-11-26 | イー−インク コーポレイション | プラスチック基板へのトランジスタアレイの印刷方法 |
JP2002237382A (ja) * | 2001-02-13 | 2002-08-23 | Stanley Electric Co Ltd | 有機led素子及びその製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2005285732A (ja) | 2005-10-13 |
US20070131911A1 (en) | 2007-06-14 |
GB0613382D0 (en) | 2006-08-16 |
US8460046B2 (en) | 2013-06-11 |
GB2427072A (en) | 2006-12-13 |
JP4887602B2 (ja) | 2012-02-29 |
US20110030912A1 (en) | 2011-02-10 |
GB2427072B (en) | 2008-05-21 |
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