WO2005056468A1 - 水素生成装置 - Google Patents
水素生成装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005056468A1 WO2005056468A1 PCT/JP2004/018411 JP2004018411W WO2005056468A1 WO 2005056468 A1 WO2005056468 A1 WO 2005056468A1 JP 2004018411 W JP2004018411 W JP 2004018411W WO 2005056468 A1 WO2005056468 A1 WO 2005056468A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
- B01J8/0403—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal
- B01J8/0423—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal through two or more otherwise shaped beds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/10—Mixing gases with gases
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/40—Static mixers
- B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
- B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
- B01F25/435—Mixing tubes composed of concentric tubular members
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
- B01J8/0446—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical
- B01J8/0476—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical in two or more otherwise shaped beds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
- B01J8/0492—Feeding reactive fluids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
- B01J8/0496—Heating or cooling the reactor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/384—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts the catalyst being continuously externally heated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/50—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
- C01B3/56—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids
- C01B3/58—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids including a catalytic reaction
- C01B3/583—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids including a catalytic reaction the reaction being the selective oxidation of carbon monoxide
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0625—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material in a modular combined reactor/fuel cell structure
- H01M8/0631—Reactor construction specially adapted for combination reactor/fuel cell
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00504—Controlling the temperature by means of a burner
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0435—Catalytic purification
- C01B2203/044—Selective oxidation of carbon monoxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0465—Composition of the impurity
- C01B2203/047—Composition of the impurity the impurity being carbon monoxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
- C01B2203/0816—Heating by flames
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
- C01B2203/0822—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel the fuel containing hydrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
- C01B2203/0827—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel at least part of the fuel being a recycle stream
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hydrogen generator for generating hydrogen by subjecting a raw material containing an organic compound having at least carbon and hydrogen power to water and a hydrogen to generate hydrogen, and supplying the hydrogen to a fuel cell.
- a fuel cell system is provided with a fuel cell as a main body of a power generation unit.
- fuel cells such as the phosphoric acid fuel cell (abbreviation: PAFC) already in practical use and the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (abbreviation: PEFC) currently being developed, are used for power generation.
- PAFC phosphoric acid fuel cell
- PEFC polymer electrolyte fuel cell
- this means of supplying hydrogen is not currently available as an infrastructure.
- a fuel cell system is usually provided with a hydrogen generator for generating hydrogen required for power generation.
- a hydrocarbon-based raw material such as methane gas and water are used to generate a reformed gas rich in hydrogen.
- the fuel cell uses the reformed gas and air generated by the hydrogen generator to generate power so as to output predetermined power.
- a steam reforming method As a method for generating hydrogen in a hydrogen generator, a steam reforming method is generally used.
- a reformed gas is generated by a steam reforming reaction.
- a city gas as a raw material for producing hydrogen and steam are subjected to a diagonal reaction under a high temperature condition of about 600 ° C to 800 ° C using a ruthenium catalyst. This is one of the various chemical reactions of hydrogen production that produces a reformed gas containing hydrogen as the main component.
- FIG. 18 is a longitudinal sectional view schematically showing an internal configuration of an example of a hydrogen generator capable of uniformly mixing a raw material and steam.
- the arrows shown in FIG. 18 indicate the directions in which gases such as raw materials and water vapor flow.
- the hydrogen generator 300 capable of uniformly mixing the raw material and the steam has a multi-concentric cylindrical configuration. That is, the hydrogen generator 300 includes a combustion burner 16 that generates a combustion gas in a high-temperature state for advancing a water vapor reforming reaction, and water that is supplied and heated by the combustion burner 16 to produce wet steam or steam. Heaters 17 and 18 that generate Further, the hydrogen generator 300 includes a combustion chamber in which a high-temperature combustion gas generated by the combustion burner 16 passes through a plurality of annular spaces formed by a plurality of concentric cylinders 19 and 128 around the combustion burner 16.
- a shift catalyst layer 33 for reducing the concentration of carbon monoxide by a predetermined chemical reaction, and a reformed gas whose concentration of carbon monoxide is reduced by this shift catalyst layer 33 and air for the selective oxidation reaction are supplied.
- Air from the air supply unit 34 The first mixed layer 35 and the second mixed layer 36 for mixing, and one of the reformed gas mixed with air passing through the first mixed layer 35 and the second mixed layer 36
- a first selective oxidation catalyst layer 37 and a second selective oxidation catalyst layer 38 for further reducing the concentration of carbon oxide by a selective oxidation reaction are provided in a concentric cylindrical shape around the combustion burner 16. Then, as shown in FIG. 18, in the hydrogen generator 300, the preheating layer 30, the heat recovery layer 32, the first mixed layer 35 and the second mixed layer 36 promote mixing of the raw material with steam or air. (See Patent Document 1, for example).
- water used in the steam reforming reaction is supplied to the heater 17 or the heater 18 to at least partially vaporize the water, and
- the water (hot water) discharged from the heater 18 is mixed with city gas as a raw material in a mixing section (not shown in FIG. 18), and then mixed between concentric cylinders 25 and 26.
- city gas as a raw material in a mixing section (not shown in FIG. 18)
- the mixed gas of the city gas and the water vapor is supplied to the reforming catalyst layer 31 after being sufficiently mixed when passing through the preheating layer 30, and the reforming catalyst layer 31 passes through the combustion gas passage 29.
- the reformed gas generated by the steam reforming reaction then passes through the heat recovery layer 32, is cooled to a predetermined temperature, and is supplied to the shift catalyst layer 33. Then, by the shift reaction progressing in the shift catalyst layer 33, most of the carbon monoxide contained in the reformed gas is removed. The reformed gas from which much of the carbon monoxide has been removed is then supplied from the air supply unit 34 in the first mixed layer 35 in order to remove most of the carbon monoxide contained in a small amount. After being sufficiently mixed with the air, it is supplied to the first selective oxidation catalyst layer 37.
- the selective oxidation reaction that proceeds in the first selective oxidation catalyst layer 37 most of the carbon monoxide contained in the reformed gas is removed by combustion. Further, in order to remove the strong carbon which could not be removed by the first selective oxidation catalyst layer 37, the reformed gas having a uniform concentration by the second mixed layer 36 was removed by the second mixing layer 36.
- the second selective oxidation catalyst layer 38 is supplied to the selective oxidation catalyst layer 38, and the second oxidation catalyst is further removed from the second selective oxidation catalyst layer 38.
- the reformed gas from which carbon monoxide has been sufficiently removed is supplied to a fuel cell and used for a chemical reaction for power generation in the fuel cell.
- the preheating layer 30 composed of ceramic spheres is disposed between the concentric cylinder 20 and the concentric cylinder 21, whereby the fluid passing through the preheating layer 30 is provided. Since the flow of gas is disturbed, raw materials such as city gas and water vapor are positively mixed. In other words, the flow of the mixed gas of the raw material and the steam becomes three-dimensionally complicated due to the influence of the ceramic spheres when passing through the preheating layer 30. Will be promoted. Further, according to the hydrogen generator 300, when the reformed gas is supplied to the shift catalyst layer 33, the mixing state of the reformed gas is improved by the mixing action of the heat recovery layer 32. The transformation reaction is suitably performed.
- the hydrogen generator 300 when the reformed gas is supplied to the first selective oxidation catalyst layer 37 and the second selective oxidation catalyst layer 38, respectively, the first mixed layer 35 and the second Since the mixing state of the reformed gas is improved by the mixing action of the second mixed layer 36, the first selective oxidation catalyst layer The selective oxidation reaction in the 37 and the second selective oxidation catalyst layer 38 suitably proceeds.
- the preheating layer 30, the heat recovery layer 32, the first mixed layer 35, and the second mixed layer 36, each of which is filled with ceramic spheres exist in the vicinity.
- the mixing performance between fluids that are relatively good is a force that is relatively good. More specifically, for example, since the raw material and steam used for the reforming reaction are also supplied to the upper right portion of FIG. 18 of the hydrogen generator 300, the raw material in the fluid supplied to the preheating layer 30 on the right side of FIG.
- the concentration of water vapor is higher than the concentration of raw material and water vapor in the fluid supplied to the preheating layer 30 on the left side of FIG.
- the fluid is much longer inside the preheating layer 30 than the length of the preheating layer 30 in the vertical direction. Since it must be moved in a long circumferential direction, it is practically difficult to equalize the concentrations of the raw material and the water vapor in the fluid in the preheating layer 30. Therefore, the concentrations of the raw material and the steam supplied to the reforming catalyst layer 31 are non-uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the catalyst layer. An excessively heated portion occurs in the reforming catalyst layer 31, which leads to deterioration of the reforming catalyst. In addition, at a position where the concentration of the raw material and the steam in the reforming catalyst layer 31 is high, the temperature of the reforming catalyst layer 31 does not sufficiently rise due to the excessively existing steam, and the conversion rate to hydrogen generation decreases.
- the concentration of oxygen supplied to the first selective oxidation catalyst layer 37 is unevenly distributed in the circumferential direction of the catalyst layer. Therefore, at a position where the oxygen concentration in the first selective oxidation catalyst layer 37 is low, the carbon monoxide contained in the reformed gas cannot be sufficiently removed. On the other hand, at the position where the concentration of oxygen is high in the first selective oxidation catalyst layer 37, even if the oxygen concentration contained in the reformed gas is removed by oxidation, it is generated by the excess oxygen. Even hydrogen was consumed, causing a decrease in hydrogen generation efficiency.
- FIG. 19 is a vertical cross-sectional view schematically showing an internal configuration of an example of the hydrogen generator capable of improving the mixing performance of fluids located at positions separated in the circumferential direction. Note that the arrows shown in FIG. 19 indicate the directions in which gases such as raw materials and water vapor flow.
- the hydrogen generator 400 includes a city gas supply pipe connection 1, a water supply pipe connection 2, a combustion gas exhaust port 13, and an outlet pipe 15.
- the hydrogen generator 400 includes a combustion gas flow path 416, a city gas supply pipe connection 1 and a water supply pipe connection 2, and a downflow path 8 through which city gas and water supplied from the water supply pipe connection 2 flow down.
- a reformed gas flow path 11 circulated around the combustion burner 3 in a concentric cylindrical shape.
- the evaporator 10 is constituted by the downflow channel 8 and the upflow channel 9, and the steam reforming reaction proceeds in a predetermined region inside the reformed gas channel 11. Reforming catalyst layer 12 is provided.
- a disc-shaped space formed by the ascending flow path 9 and the reformed gas flow path 11 being sandwiched between two disc-shaped side walls 39 and 40. It is connected by 41 and a catalyst pipe.
- spherical alumina particles 43 having a diameter of about 1Z3, which is at least the height of the space 41, are mixed with the raw material and steam in at least a disk-shaped space 41. Packed in large numbers for promotion.
- the hydrogen generator 400 configured as described above, when city gas and water are supplied to the downflow channel 8 from the city gas supply pipe connection 1 and the water supply pipe connection 2, the evaporator 10 In the above, a mixed gas of city gas and water vapor is generated. Then, the mixed gas of the city gas and the steam present in the evaporator 10 so as to spread in the circumferential direction then passes through the space 41 and the catalyst pipe 42 to be filled with the reforming catalyst. Is supplied to the high quality catalyst layer 12. Then, in the reforming catalyst layer 12, the reforming catalyst is heated to a high temperature by the combustion gas flowing through the combustion gas flow path 4, and a steam reforming reaction proceeds, whereby the mixed gas is converted into hydrogen.
- a reformed gas containing diacid carbon and monoacid carbon is generated.
- the generator 400 as in the case of the hydrogen generator 300 shown in FIG. 18, at least the space 41 is filled with spherical alumina particles 43, which disturbs the flow of the fluid flowing through the disk-shaped space 41.
- Raw materials such as city gas and water vapor are positively mixed.
- the flow of the mixed gas of the raw material and the water vapor becomes a three-dimensionally complicated flow under the influence of the alumina particles 43 when passing through the disk-shaped space 41.
- the mixed state is improved in the same manner as in the case of the hydrogen generator 300 shown in FIG.
- the concentration of city gas in the mixed gas is high.On the contrary, on the left side of the space 41 shown in Fig. 19, the concentration of city gas in the mixed gas is low. Even when the concentration distribution occurs, the mixed state of, for example, city gas and water vapor in the circumferential direction in the reforming catalyst layer 12 is sufficiently averaged. That is, according to the hydrogen generator 400 shown in FIG. 19, it is possible to improve the mixing state of the fluid such as the mixed gas of the city gas and the water vapor, and to exist at a position distant in the circumferential direction. It is possible to improve the mixing state between fluids.
- Patent Document 1 International Publication WO2000Z063114
- the heat capacity of the hydrogen generator 400 is increased. Therefore, when it is necessary to increase the supply amount of the reformed gas supplied to the fuel cell in accordance with the increase in the power consumption of the load, it takes a long time before the temperature distribution inside the hydrogen generator 400 changes to the optimal temperature distribution. Since it takes time, there is a problem that responsiveness is poor. This problem has become particularly important when starting the hydrogen generator 400.
- the temperature of the alumina particles 43 is at or near room temperature, and then heated by the high-temperature combustion gas generated by the combustion burner 3. As a result, the temperature gradually increases.
- the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of all the alumina particles 43 from, for example, room temperature to 200 ° C. assumes that the total weight of the alumina particles 43 is about 1 kg and the specific heat is about 0.8 kj / Assuming kg '° C, it is about 140 kJ.
- the low heating value of the city gas is assumed to be about 42 kJZNLM.
- About 3.3 NLM of city gas will be required to cover the heat of the city.
- the heating of the alumina particles 43 is performed by burning about 1.5 NLMZ of city gas, it takes about 2 minutes to raise the temperature of all the alumina particles 43 from room temperature to 200 ° C. It takes time.
- heat radiation loss occurs in the hydrogen generator 400, a delay in the start-up time of two minutes or more occurs.
- the raw material and the steam are supplied to the hydrogen generator 400 before the temperature of the alumina particles 43 is sufficiently increased, the supplied steam is cooled by the alumina particles 43 and condensed as water.
- the reforming catalyst layer 12 is supplied with a raw material having an insufficient amount of steam.
- the SZC ratio which is the ratio of the molar amount S of steam supplied to the reforming catalyst layer 12 to the molar amount C of carbon contained in the raw material, is 2.7. -3.2
- the steam reforming reaction proceeds under a range below about 2.2
- carbon in the raw material precipitates on the surface of the reforming catalyst, and the catalytic activity of the reforming catalyst decreases.
- the catalytic performance of the entire reforming catalyst layer gradually deteriorates. Therefore, it becomes impossible to use the hydrogen generator 400 for a long period of time. Therefore, in practice, it is necessary to supply the raw material and the steam to the hydrogen generator 400 after the temperature of the alumina particles 43 has sufficiently risen. That is, the above-described hydrogen generator 400 has a problem that the standby time from the start to the start of the output of electric power is long.
- the preheating layer 30 or the first mixed layer 35 and the like are formed of ceramic spheres, and therefore have the same problems as the hydrogen generator 400 described above. ing.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and is a hydrogen generating apparatus that is lightweight, has a small heat capacity, and is equipped with a high-performance gas mixer and has excellent hydrogen generating efficiency and responsiveness.
- the purpose is to provide.
- a hydrogen generator includes a mixed gas flow path through which a mixed gas containing two or more components flows, and a start end of each of the mixed gas flow paths branching from the mixed gas flow path.
- a hydrogen generating unit for generating hydrogen by causing the mixed gas flowing out of the first flow path and the second flow path to flow out of the mixed gas.
- the mixed state of the mixed gas supplied to the reforming catalyst layer or the selective oxidation catalyst layer can be improved, and the mixed gas supplied to the reforming catalyst layer or the selective oxidation catalyst layer can be improved.
- the concentration of the constituent components such as city gas can be made uniform irrespective of the supply position, so that it is possible to provide a hydrogen generator having excellent hydrogen generation efficiency.
- the first flow path and the second flow path are formed such that the mixed gas flows in the mixed gas outflow direction at the terminal force of the first flow path and the terminal force of the second flow path. It is configured to make a turn in the first direction and a turn in the second direction, respectively, while flowing in a vertical plane.
- a flat gas mixer can be configured, so that the hydrogen generator can be reduced in thickness.
- the first flow path and the second flow path each have a central axis coinciding with each other, have an outer peripheral surface opened, and have a hollow shape having a circular opening at the center.
- the outer peripheral surface forms an inlet at the beginning and the opening forms an outlet at the end, and the first turning means moves the internal space of the first flow path in the direction along the central axis.
- the partition is formed of a plurality of partitions extending inward from the outer periphery of the inner space from the outer periphery of the inner space to the start end so as to be shifted in the first direction, and the second swirling means is provided with the second flow.
- the inner space of the road is partitioned in a direction along the central axis, and the outer peripheral force of the inner space is constituted by a plurality of partition walls extending inward so that the end is shifted from the radial direction with respect to the start end in the second direction.
- the deviation of the terminal end from the start end of the partition wall is a rotation angle in the range of 45 °-90 ° with respect to the rotation angle around the central axis.
- the mixed state of the mixed gas can be suitably improved.
- a plurality of the first flow path and the second flow path, and a plurality of the first turning means and the second turning means are respectively formed along the central axis. .
- the mixed state of the mixed gas can be more suitably improved.
- the first flow path and the second flow path may be configured such that the mixed gas is a mixture of the mixed gas from the end of the first flow path and the end of the second flow path. It is formed so as to turn in the first direction and turn in the second direction, respectively, while flowing in a cylindrical surface parallel to the outflow direction.
- a cylindrical gas mixer can be configured, so that the size of the hydrogen generator can be reduced.
- the first flow path and the second flow path are each formed in a cylindrical shape having an annular cross-section shared with the central axis as a central axis, and each of the End face Each end face on the other side constitutes an exit which constitutes an entrance which is a start end and an end which constitutes an end, and the first turning means moves the cylindrical internal space of the first flow path in the first direction. It is composed of a plurality of partition walls that spirally partition in a spiral manner, and the second spiral means spirals in the second direction in the cylindrical internal space of the first flow path. It is composed of a plurality of partition walls.
- the turning angle force from the start end to the end of the partition wall is in the range of 5 ° to 90 °.
- the mixed state of the mixed gas can be suitably improved.
- the mixed state of the mixed gas can be further suitably improved.
- first flow path and the second flow path are formed so as to be separated by a cylindrical partition wall, and the first flow path and the second flow path are separated from each other.
- the outlet of any of the front swirling channels is closed, and an opening is formed in a portion of the divided partition wall near the closed outlet.
- the mixed state of the mixed gas can be more suitably improved.
- a plurality of the first flow paths and the second flow paths are respectively formed along the central axis, and the first flow path and the second flow path are located on the upstream side in the flow of the mixed gas.
- the ends of the first flow path and the second flow path are connected to the start ends of the first flow path and the second flow path located on the downstream side.
- the mixed state of the mixed gas can be further more preferably improved.
- the mixed gas is a mixed gas obtained by mixing an organic compound having at least carbon and hydrogen with water, and the chemical reaction produces hydrogen from the mixed gas obtained by mixing the organic compound and water.
- the mixed gas flowing out from the ends of the merged first flow path and second flow path is supplied to the reforming reaction section to generate hydrogen.
- the mixed gas is a mixed gas obtained by mixing the reformed gas and oxygen, and the selective gas conversion is performed by converting oxygenated carbon into oxygenated carbon using oxygen.
- a selective oxidation reaction section for reducing carbon dioxide in the reformed gas by a reaction is provided in place of the hydrogen generation section, and the first swirl means and the second swirl means comprise the selective oxidation reaction.
- the mixed gas that is disposed upstream of the section and flows out from the ends of the merged first flow path and second flow path is supplied to the selective oxidation reaction section to remove carbon monoxide in the reformed gas. Reduce.
- the present invention provides a hydrogen generator that is implemented as described above, is lightweight, has a small heat capacity, and is equipped with a high-performance gas mixer and having excellent hydrogen generation efficiency and responsiveness. Can be provided.
- the present invention it is possible to eliminate non-uniformity in temporal and spatial concentrations in a fluid such as a mixed gas of a raw material and steam supplied to a reforming catalyst layer.
- a fluid such as a mixed gas of a raw material and steam supplied to a reforming catalyst layer.
- the temporal and spatial uniformity of the concentration of the reformed gas can be ensured, so that carbon monoxide removal such as a reforming catalyst layer and a shift reactor disposed downstream thereof is performed.
- the catalyst layer can be used effectively, which can greatly contribute to reducing the amount of each catalyst and miniaturizing the hydrogen generator.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view schematically showing an internal configuration of a hydrogen generator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram schematically showing an internal configuration of a gas mixer according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 (a) is a plan view of the gas mixer, and
- FIG. 2 (b) is a sectional view of the gas mixer.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory view schematically showing a flow of a mixed gas divided above by a dividing partition.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory view schematically showing a flow of a mixed gas divided below by a dividing partition.
- FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram schematically showing an internal configuration of another gas mixer according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
- FIG. 5 (a) is a plan view of the gas mixer
- FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view of the gas mixer.
- FIG. 6 is a plan view illustrating a configuration of a gas mixer in a case where eight flow path defining members are provided on one surface of a divided partition wall.
- FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view schematically showing an internal configuration of a hydrogen generator according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view schematically showing an internal configuration of a gas mixer according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory view schematically showing a flow of a reformed gas in a gas mixer.
- FIG. 9 (a) shows a flow of a mixed gas divided inside by a concentric mixing cylinder.
- FIG. 9 (b) is an explanatory diagram schematically showing a flow of a mixed gas divided outside by a concentric cylinder for mixing.
- FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the operation of the gas mixer according to the present embodiment shown in FIG. 9 more easily.
- FIG. 11 is a longitudinal sectional view schematically showing the internal configuration of another gas mixer according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a longitudinal sectional view schematically showing the internal configuration of still another gas mixer according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a swirl angle of a mixed gas of a first fluid (for example, a raw material) and a second fluid (for example, steam) in the gas mixer according to the present embodiment,
- the mixture that passed FIG. 4 is a correlation diagram schematically showing a relationship between a reforming reaction conversion rate in a reforming catalyst layer when a combined gas is used.
- FIG. 14 is a configuration diagram schematically showing an internal configuration of a gas mixer according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention
- FIG. 14 (a) is a top view of the gas mixer
- Fig. 14 (b) is a side view of the gas mixer.
- FIG. 15 is a configuration diagram schematically showing an internal configuration of a gas mixer according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 (a) is a top view of the gas mixer
- Fig. 15 (b) is a side view of the gas mixer.
- FIG. 16 is a configuration diagram schematically showing an internal configuration of a first gas mixer assembly in which gas mixers according to Embodiments 2-4 of the present invention are assembled in series.
- FIG. 17 is a configuration diagram schematically showing an internal configuration of a second gas mixer assembly in which gas mixers according to Embodiments 2 to 4 of the present invention are assembled in series.
- FIG. 18 is a longitudinal sectional view schematically showing an internal configuration of an example of a hydrogen generator capable of uniformly mixing a raw material and steam.
- FIG. 19 is a longitudinal sectional view schematically showing an internal configuration of an example of a hydrogen generator capable of improving the mixing performance of fluids present at positions separated in the circumferential direction.
- Embodiment 1 of the present invention an evaporator that evaporates supplied water and mixes it with a raw material to generate a mixed gas, and a reaction unit that advances a steam reforming reaction for generating a reformed gas are provided.
- a mode in which the mixing state of the mixed gas is improved in the horizontal direction by connecting them by a disk-shaped space and arranging a gas mixer in the disk-shaped space will be described.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view schematically showing the internal configuration of the hydrogen generator 100 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the description of a conversion reactor, a selective oxidation reactor, and a fuel cell body for removing carbon monoxide contained in the reformed gas is omitted.
- the arrows shown in FIG. 1 indicate the directions in which gases such as raw materials and steam flow.
- the hydrogen generator 100 has a cylindrical housing 77 whose upper end and lower end are closed.
- the inside of the housing 77 is partitioned by a cylindrical vertical wall and a disk-shaped horizontal wall, and various flow paths and the like described below are formed.
- the hydrogen generator 100 having such a housing 77 includes a city gas supply pipe connection 1 for supplying city gas from the external infrastructure to the hydrogen generator 100, and water to the water-powered hydrogen generator 100.
- a water supply pipe connection 2 for supplying water and a combustion burner 3 for generating a high-temperature combustion gas for promoting a water vapor reforming reaction are provided.
- the hydrogen generator 100 includes a combustion gas flow path 416 through which the high-temperature combustion gas generated by the combustion burner 3 flows inside the hydrogen generator 100, and a city gas supply.
- the downflow channel 8 through which the city gas and water supplied from the supply pipe connection 1 and the water supply pipe connection 2 flows down, and the water vapor generated in the process of flowing down the downflow channel 8 ⁇
- the ascending flow path 9 in which the mixed gas with the gas rises, and the reformed gas flow path 11 through which the reformed gas generated by the steam reforming reaction flows inside the hydrogen generator 100, are connected to the hydrogen generator 100 Are provided in a concentric cylindrical shape with respect to the central axis C.
- an evaporator 10 is constituted by the downflow channel 8 and the ascending channel 9, and the evaporator 10 generates steam and mixes with the city gas. Is performed. Further, a reforming catalyst layer 12 for promoting a steam reforming reaction is formed in a predetermined region inside the reformed gas channel 11.
- the hydrogen generator 100 passes through a combustion gas exhaust port 13 for discharging the combustion gas that has passed through the combustion gas flow path 416 to the outside of the hydrogen generator 100, and a reformed gas flow path 11.
- An outlet pipe 15 for discharging the reformed gas to the outside of the hydrogen generator 100 is provided.
- the catalyst pipe 42 for introducing the mixed gas into the end portion 44 of the rising flow path 9 and the reformed gas flow path 11 are connected by a disc-shaped space 41 sandwiched between two disc-shaped side walls 39 and 40.
- a through hole having a diameter to which the catalyst pipe 42 can be connected is formed in the center of the lateral wall 40, and one end of the catalyst pipe 42 is connected to this through hole.
- the present invention for improving the mixing state of the mixed gas of the raw material and the steam having passed through the upflow channel 9 is provided in the disk-shaped space 41 described above.
- a gas mixer 101 to be characterized is provided. The configuration of the gas mixer 101 will be described later in detail.
- the raw material such as city gas and the like are supplied from the city gas supply pipe connection part 1 and the water supply pipe connection part 2 to the downflow channel 8.
- the water is heated in the downflow channel 8 to generate steam, and the steam and the raw material pass through the ascending channel 9 while being gradually mixed with the raw material.
- the gas is discharged from the end 44 as a mixed gas. That is, in the evaporator 10, a mixed gas of the raw material and the steam is generated. Then, the mixed gas generated in the evaporator 10 is thereafter supplied to the space 41 in which the gas mixer 101 is provided.
- this gas mixer In 101 the raw material in the mixed gas and the water vapor are sufficiently mixed, and the mixed gas is concentrated and spread in the ascending flow path 9 with a concentration distribution in the circumferential direction of the front side. Mixed.
- the operation of the gas mixer 101 for improving the mixed state of the mixed gas will be described later in detail.
- the mixed gas that has passed through the gas mixer 101 then passes through a catalyst pipe 42 and is supplied to a reformed gas channel 11 including a reforming catalyst layer 12 filled with a reforming catalyst. . Then, in the reforming catalyst layer 12, the reforming catalyst layer 12 is heated to a high temperature by the combustion gas flowing through the combustion gas flow path 4, and the steam reforming reaction proceeds. A reformed gas containing carbon oxide and carbon monoxide is generated. Thereafter, the reformed gas further passes through the reformed gas flow path 11 and is supplied from the outlet pipe 15 to the shift reaction reactor for reducing the concentration of carbon monoxide in the reformed gas.
- the combustion gas that has passed through the combustion gas flow path 4 passes through the combustion gas flow path 5-6, then passes through the combustion gas exhaust port 13, and is discharged to the outside of the hydrogen generator 100.
- FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram schematically showing an internal configuration of the gas mixer 101 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 (a) is a plan view of the gas mixer 101
- FIG. 2B is a sectional view of the gas mixer 101.
- upper flow path defining members 45a to 45d described later in the gas mixer 101 are indicated by solid lines
- lower flow path defining members 46a to 46d are indicated by broken lines.
- the gas mixer 101 converts the mixed gas 47 rising from the rising flow path 9 shown in FIG. It has a disk-shaped partition 50 that divides vertically into two parts like a mixed gas 49.
- a communication hole 51 having a diameter substantially the same as the diameter of the catalyst pipe 42 is provided at the center of the divided partition wall 50. Then, it extends between the outer peripheral portion of the communication hole 51 on both sides of the divided partition wall 50 and the outer peripheral portion of the divided partition wall 50 so as to show a spiral shape in a plan view and a belt shape in a side view.
- Flow path defining members 45a-45d and 46a-46d showing the shape are provided.
- a predetermined The four flow path defining members 45a to 45d having the spiral shape are arranged at equal intervals. These flow path defining members 45a to 45d have a spiral shape capable of turning the flow direction of the mixed gas 48 counterclockwise. As shown in FIG. 2 (a), four flow path defining members 46a-46d each having a predetermined spiral shape are arranged at equal intervals below the divided partition wall 50. These flow path defining members 46a to 46d have a spiral shape capable of turning clockwise in the direction in which the mixed gas 49 flows.
- each of the flow path defining members 45a to 45d is positioned such that the ends on the outer peripheral side of the partition wall 50 in the longitudinal direction are positioned at intervals of 45 °.
- the first predetermined position A is disposed at the fourth predetermined position D, and the end on the inner peripheral side (outer peripheral side of the communication hole 51) of the divided partition wall 50 in the longitudinal direction is the first predetermined position A- It is disposed on the surface of the dividing partition wall 50 so as to be disposed at the fifth predetermined position E—the eighth predetermined position H, which has been moved counterclockwise by 45 ° with respect to the predetermined position D of 4.
- each of the flow path defining members 46a-46d has an end on the outer peripheral side of the partition wall 50 in the longitudinal direction, the first predetermined position A-fourth.
- the right end of the partition wall 50 in the longitudinal direction At the inner peripheral side (outer peripheral side of the communication hole 51) of the partition wall 50 in the longitudinal direction, the right end of which is located at the right side with respect to the first predetermined position A—the fourth predetermined position D. It is disposed on the surface of the dividing partition wall 50 so as to be disposed at the seventh predetermined position G, the sixth predetermined position F, the fifth predetermined position E, and the eighth predetermined position H which have moved around 45 °. ing.
- the flow path defining members 45a to 45d and the flow path defining members 46a to 46d are, in the plan view shown in FIG. 49 and are swirled so as to swirl in opposite directions, and when viewed from each side of the dividing wall 50, the mixed gas 48 and the mixed gas 49 are swirled in the same direction. It has been. Then, the gas mixer 101 composed of the partition wall 50, the flow path defining members 45a-45d, and the flow path defining members 46a-46d as described above forms a disc-shaped gas connecting the ascending flow path 9 and the catalyst pipe 42.
- the communication hole 51 of the gas mixer 101 and the catalyst pipe 23 are arranged and fixed by predetermined fixing means so that they substantially coincide with each other in the direction of the central axis C.
- the reformed gas generated in the reforming catalyst layer 12 is supplied to the outside of the hydrogen generator 100.
- An outlet pipe 15 for discharging is penetrated.
- the shapes of the flow path defining members 46a to 46d have the same shape in order to make the flow rate of the mixed gas flowing in each flow path equal.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing the flow of the mixed gas 48 divided above by the dividing partition 50.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view when the same directional force as in the plan view shown in FIG. In FIG. 3, the flow of the mixed gas 48 flowing into the upper side of the dividing partition wall 50 from four directions is indicated by arrows having different types of knuckles and tchings for convenience.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory view schematically showing the flow of the mixed gas 49 divided below by the dividing partition 50. Note that FIG. 4 also shows a plan view when a force in the same direction as the plan view shown in FIG. 2A is partially seen through. Also in FIG. 4, the flow of the mixed gas 49 flowing into the lower side of the divided partition wall 50 from four directions is conveniently indicated by arrows having different types of knurls and tchings.
- the upper force in FIG. 3 also flows into the communication hole 51.
- the mixed gas 48b flowing from the upper side in FIG. 3 indicated by other arrows is changed by the flow path defining member 45b and the flow path defining member 45a so that the flow path turns to the left. It flows into the communication hole 51.
- the flow path defining member 45c and the flow path defining member 45b are changed by the flow path defining member 45c and the flow path defining member 45b so that the flow path turns leftward, and from the lower side in FIG. It flows into the communication hole 51.
- the mixed gas 48d flowing from the lower side in FIG. 3 indicated by other arrows is changed by the flow path defining member 45d and the flow path defining member 45c so that the flow path turns left, and the right side in FIG. Flows into the communication hole 51.
- the flow path defining members 45a-45d have a function of rotating the flow direction of the mixed gas 48a-mixed gas 48d, which has flowed into the upper side of the partition wall 50, to the left by 90 ° and sending it into the communication hole 51.
- the mixed gas 49a that has flowed into the right side in FIG. 4 indicated by a white arrow flows rightward by the flow path defining members 46a and 46d.
- the rotation is changed so that the lower force in FIG. 4 also flows into the communication hole 51.
- the mixed gas 49b into which the upward force shown in FIG. 4 also flows by another arrow is changed by the flow path defining member 46b and the flow path defining member 46a so that the flow path turns rightward, and the right side in FIG. Flows into the communication hole 51.
- the flow path defining member 46c and the flow path defining member 46b are changed by the flow path defining member 46c and the flow path defining member 46b so that the flow path turns rightward, and the upward force in FIG. It flows into the communication hole 51.
- the mixed gas 49d flowing from the lower side in FIG. 4 indicated by another arrow is changed by the flow path defining member 46d and the flow path defining member 46c so that the flow path turns rightward.
- the left side force also flows into the communication hole 51.
- the flow path defining members 46a-46d have a function of rotating the flow direction of the mixed gas 49a-mixed gas 49d flowing into the lower side of the divided partition wall 50 by 90 ° to the right and sending it into the communication hole 51. .
- the gas mixer 101 from the upper side of the communication hole 51, a half of the mixed gas 48a of the mixed gas 48 flowing from the right side of the divided partition wall 50 and the mixed gas 48a having the left-hand force also flowed.
- the mixed gas 49a flows from the left half of the mixed gas 49a and the left half of the mixed gas 49a, and the mixed gas 49a flows from the left side.
- the mixed gas 48c flows in half.
- a mixed gas 48d of a half amount of the mixed gas 48 flowing in from the lower side of the dividing wall 50 and a mixed gas 49b of a half amount of the mixed gas 49 flowing in from the upper side flow in the same manner.
- the number of contact fields between the mixed gas having a high concentration of city gas and the mixed gas having a high concentration of water vapor increases, so that it is possible to equalize the spatial concentration distribution.
- the above-described action of improving the mixed state of the mixed gas by the gas mixer 101 makes it possible to improve the mixed state of the city gas and the water vapor in the mixed gas.
- the heat capacity of the gas mixer 101 can be reduced. It is possible to provide the hydrogen generator 100 having excellent responsiveness.
- FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram schematically showing an internal configuration of another gas mixer 102 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
- FIG. 5 (a) is a plan view of the gas mixer 102
- FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view of the gas mixer 102.
- the upper flow path defining members 45a-45d described later in the gas mixer 102 are indicated by thick solid lines
- the lower flow path defining members 46a-46d are indicated by thick broken lines.
- the flow path defining members 53a-53d and 54a-54d disposed on the lower side are shown by thin solid lines and broken lines.
- FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b) the same components as those shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b) are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- the gas mixer 101 has a configuration corresponding to a configuration in which two stages are stacked in the direction of the central axis C.
- the first gas mixer 101 including the dividing wall 50, the flow path defining members 45a-45d and the flow path defining members 46a-46d, the divided partition 58 and the flow path defining member 53a-
- the second gas mixer 101 ' including the flow path defining member 53d and the flow path defining members 54a-54d is interposed via a disk-shaped partition plate 57 having a hole having a diameter substantially equal to the diameter of the communication hole 51 at the center thereof. It has a two-tier configuration. Then, as shown in FIG.
- the positional relationship between the gas mixer 101 and the second gas mixer 101 ′ has a rotation angle of 45 °, so that the central axis A configuration is adopted in which the gas mixer 101 and the second gas mixer 101 'are stacked in two layers in the direction of C.
- the other points are the same as those of the gas mixer 101 shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b).
- the mixed gas 47 that has passed through the ascending channel 9 by the dividing wall 50, the partition plate 57, and the dividing wall 58 is mixed in the direction of the central axis C.
- the present invention is not limited to this mode, and may be a mode in which a number of flow path defining members are arranged at an arbitrary separation angle.
- the separation angle of the flow path defining member is reduced, that is, as the number of the flow path defining members is increased, the spatial concentration of the city gas and steam in the mixed gas supplied to the catalyst pipe 42 is reduced. The bias can be made even more uniform.
- FIG. 6 is a plan view illustrating the configuration of the gas mixer 103 in a case where eight flow path defining members are provided on one side of the partition wall 50.
- upper flow path defining members 59a to 59h described later in the gas mixer 103 are indicated by solid lines, and lower flow path defining members 60a to 60h are indicated by broken lines.
- the same components as those shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b) are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- FIG. 6 in another gas mixer 103 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, eight flow path defining members 59a-59h are provided above divided wall 50. It is arranged. These flow path defining members 59a-59h are arranged on one surface of the dividing partition wall 50 such that the separation angle between adjacent flow path defining members is 45 °. Further, as shown in FIG. 6, in the gas mixer 103, a flow path defining member 60a-a flow path defining member 60h is disposed below the divided partition wall 50. The flow path defining member 60a and the flow path defining member 60h also have the same configuration as the flow path defining member 59a and the flow path defining member 59h.
- the partition members 50 are arranged on one side of the partition wall 50 so that the separation angle between the defining members is 45 °.
- the other points are the same as those of the gas mixer 101 shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b). As described above, even by increasing the number of flow path defining members, it is possible to further uniform the unevenness in the spatial concentration of city gas and water vapor in the mixed gas supplied to the catalyst pipe 42. Will be possible.
- the shape of the flow path defining member is gently curved, but the shape of the flow path defining member is such a curved shape.
- the shape is not limited to this, but may be a simpler or more complicated shape depending on the flow rate of the supplied mixed gas to be supplied and the ease of flow.
- the present invention does not limit the types of raw materials used. It is also effective for raw materials such as nagu alcohol, LPG, and kerosene. In particular, when a liquid fuel such as alcohol or kerosene is used and mixed with water and evaporated, the spatial concentration distribution of these raw materials and water vapor tends to occur, so the present invention is extremely effective. Technology.
- a flow path between a reformed gas supply flow path through which a supplied mixed gas flows and a reaction unit that proceeds with a steam reforming reaction for generating a reformed gas is provided.
- a gas mixer is provided in the flow path, and the mixed state of the mixed gas is improved in the vertical direction by the gas mixer.
- FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view schematically showing the internal configuration of hydrogen generator 200 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the arrows shown in FIG. 7 indicate the directions in which the raw materials and the gas such as steam flow.
- hydrogen generator 200 has a multiple concentric cylindrical configuration, similar to the configuration of hydrogen generator 100 shown in the first embodiment. That is, the hydrogen generator 200 is a high temperature combustion gas for advancing the steam reforming reaction. And a heater 17 and 18 that are supplied with water and are heated by the combustion burner 16 to generate wet steam or steam. In the hydrogen generator 200, the combustion gas in the high-temperature state generated by the combustion burner 16 passes through a plurality of annular spaces formed by a plurality of concentric cylinders 19 and 128 around the combustion burner 16.
- the reformed gas and air for the selective oxidation reaction A gas mixer 202 having a configuration similar to that of the gas mixer 201 for sufficiently mixing the air taken in from the air supply unit 34, and a gas mixer through which the air is sufficiently mixed through the gas mixer 202.
- the selective oxidation catalyst layer 37 for further reducing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the raw gas by the selective oxidation reaction is the same as in the case of the hydrogen generator 100 according to Embodiment 1 shown in FIG.
- the combustion burner 16 is provided concentrically around the combustion burner 16. In the present embodiment, a configuration is shown in which a plurality of annular spaces are formed by a plurality of concentric cylinders 19 and 28, but a space corresponding to the annular space is a concentric cylinder.
- the present invention is not limited to a configuration in which an annular space is formed by a cylinder.
- the supplied raw material and steam are sufficiently supplied above the reforming catalyst layer 31 in the annular space formed by the concentric cylinders 20 and 21.
- a gas mixer 201 characterizing the invention for mixing is provided.
- the gas mixer 201 has a ring-like shape that can be fitted into the annular space formed by the concentric cylinders 20 and 21, and forms a reforming catalyst in the annular space formed by the concentric cylinders 20 and 21. It is fixed at a predetermined position above the layer 31 by predetermined fixing means. Further, in the hydrogen generator 200 according to the present embodiment, the reformed gas and the air to be supplied are sufficiently mixed below the selective oxidation catalyst layer 37 in the annular space formed by the concentric cylinders 26 and 27.
- a gas mixer 202 characterizing the present invention is provided.
- the gas mixer 202 has a ring-like shape that can be fitted into the annular space formed by the concentric cylinders 26 and 27, and the gas mixer 202 has a selective shape in the annular space formed by the concentric cylinders 26 and 27. It is fixed to a predetermined position below the dani catalyst layer 37 by predetermined fixing means.
- the configurations of the gas mixer 201 and the gas mixer 202 will be described later in detail with the gas mixer 202 as a representative.
- the water used in the steam reforming reaction is supplied to the heater 17 or the heater 18 and at least the water is supplied to the heater 17 or the heater 18.
- Water (warm water) partially vaporized and discharged from the heater 17 or the heater 18 is primarily mixed with city gas as a raw material in a mixing section (not shown in FIG. 7). The gas is completely vaporized while moving in the space between the concentric cylinder 26 and the concentric cylinder 24, and between the concentric cylinder 24 and the concentric cylinder 25, and is mixed with the city gas.
- the mixed gas of the city gas and the water vapor is supplied to the gas mixer 201, sufficiently mixed when passing through the gas mixer 201, and then supplied to the reforming catalyst layer 31.
- the operation of the gas mixer 201 for improving the mixed state of the mixed gas will be described in detail later with the gas mixer 202 as a representative.
- the mixed gas in which the city gas and the steam are sufficiently mixed from the gas mixer 201 is thereafter supplied to the reforming catalyst layer 31.
- the reforming catalyst layer 31 is heated by the combustion gas flowing through the combustion gas flow path 29 and used for a steam reforming reaction that proceeds, and a reformed gas rich in mixed gas and hydrogen is generated.
- the reformed gas generated by the steam reforming reaction passes through the heat recovery layer 32, is cooled to a predetermined temperature, and is supplied to the shift catalyst layer 33.
- the reformed gas from which much of the carbon monoxide has been removed by the shift catalyst layer 33 is then sufficiently mixed with the air introduced from the air supply unit 34 and the reformed gas passed through the shift catalyst layer 33.
- the gas is supplied to a gas mixer 202.
- the reformed gas is sufficiently mixed with the air supplied from the air supply unit 34 when passing through the gas mixer 202, and then supplied to the selective oxidation catalyst layer 37.
- the operation of the gas mixer 202 for improving the mixed state of the reformed gas and the air will be described later in detail together with the case of the gas mixer 201 described above. explain.
- the reformed gas sufficiently mixed with air by the gas mixer 202 is supplied to the selective oxidation catalyst layer 37 in order to remove most of the carbon monoxide contained in a small amount. Then, by the selective oxidation reaction that proceeds in the selective oxidation catalyst layer 37, most of the carbon monoxide contained in the reformed gas is removed by combustion using air.
- the reformed gas from which carbon monoxide has been sufficiently removed is supplied to a fuel cell and used for a chemical reaction for power generation in the fuel cell.
- the surplus modified gas that is not used for power generation in the fuel cell is supplied to the combustion burner 16, and is reused for generating the combustion gas in the combustion burner 16.
- FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view schematically showing an internal configuration of gas mixer 202 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Note that, in FIG. 8, illustration of an inner flow path defining member 62c-62d and an outer flow path defining member 63c-63d, which will be described later, located on the near side of the paper of the gas mixer 202 is omitted. In FIG. 8, the visible portions of the inner flow path defining members 62a-62b and the outer flow path defining members 63a-63b are indicated by solid lines, and the invisible parts thereof are indicated by broken lines.
- the gas mixer 202 supplies air rising in the annular space formed between the concentric cylinder 26 and the concentric cylinder 27 shown in FIG.
- a cylindrical mixing concentric cylinder 61 that divides the reformed gas 64 into two in the left-right direction (radial direction) like the reformed gas 65 and the reformed gas 66.
- four spiral inner flow path defining members 62a which are counterclockwise turned in the upward direction of the reformed gas 64 are provided.
- the flow of the reformed gas 64 is divided into the reformed gases 65 and 66 by the mixing concentric cylinder 61, the inner flow path defining members 62a-62d, and the outer flow path defining members 63a-63d.
- a gas mixer 202 having a prescribed flow path for rotating the flows of the gases 65 and 66 in opposite directions about the central axis C is configured.
- the inner flow path defining members 62a to 62d and the outer flow path defining members 63a to 63d are each formed of a predetermined lateral wall.
- the inner flow path defining members 62a-62d and the outer flow path defining members 63a-63d are provided between the mixing concentric cylinder 61 and the concentric cylinder 26 and the mixing concentric cylinder 61 and the concentric cylinder 27. Is divided into four in the circumferential direction, and in each of the four divided spaces, the space in the opposite direction (clockwise or counterclockwise) in the circumferential direction toward the rising direction of the reformed gas 64 is 90%.
- Each is arranged so as to form a spiral shape that rotates at ° C.
- the outer flow path defining member 62a is located at a position facing the lower end of the inner flow path defining member 62a.
- the upper end of the flow path defining member 63a is arranged, and the lower end of the outer flow path defining member 63a is arranged at a position facing the upper end of the inner flow path defining member 62a.
- the separation angle between the upper end and the lower end of the inner flow path defining member 62a is 90 °
- the separation angle between the upper end and the lower end of the outer flow path defining member 63a is 90 °.
- the gas mixer 202 can rotate the flows of the reformed gases 65 and 66 divided by the mixing concentric cylinder 61 in the directions opposite to each other with respect to the center axis C by 90 °. It is configured to be able to.
- the shapes of the inner flow path defining members 62a-62d and the outer flow path defining members 63a-63d have the same shape in order to equalize the flow rate of the reformed gas flowing through each flow path. Is preferable! / ,.
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory view schematically showing the flow of the reformed gas in the gas mixer 202.
- FIG. 9 (a) is an explanatory diagram schematically showing the flow of the reformed gas 65 divided inside by the mixing concentric cylinder 61
- FIG. 9 (b) is the outside by the mixing concentric cylinder 61.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing a flow of a divided reformed gas 66.
- 9 (a) and 9 (b) show longitudinal views when viewed from the same direction as the longitudinal view shown in FIG. 9 (a) and 9 (b), the flows of the reformed gas 65 and the reformed gas 66 flowing from below the concentric mixing cylinder 61 are indicated by arrows for convenience.
- the gas mixer 202 according to the present embodiment is divided into its inside by mixing concentric cylinders 61 and raise the space between the concentric cylinders 26 and 2 7 After the reformed gas 65 is turned around the central axis C by 90 ° counterclockwise by the inner flow path defining members 62a and 62b, the upward force of the gas mixer 202 is also discharged.
- the space between the concentric cylinders 26 and 27 is raised to be divided outside by the concentric cylinder 61 for mixing.
- the quality gas 66 is turned 90 ° clockwise around the central axis C by the outer flow path defining members 63a and 63b, and then the upward force of the gas mixer 202 is also discharged.
- the reformed gas 64 introduced into the gas mixer 202 is separated into two reformed gases 65 by the mixing concentric cylinder 61, the inner flow path defining members 62a-62d, and the outer flow path defining members 63a-63d.
- the gas is turned 90 ° counterclockwise in the circumferential direction, and then the two reformed gases 65 and 66 are combined again into one flow and mixed. Is done.
- FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the operation of the gas mixer 202 according to the present embodiment shown in FIG. 9 in a more easily understood manner.
- FIG. 10 is an explanatory view schematically showing a state observed when viewed from the center axis C of the gas mixer 202 shown in FIG. 9 and rotated 360 ° from a viewpoint.
- the inner flow path defining members 62a-62d that are directly visible from the viewpoint on the central axis C of the gas mixer 202 are indicated by solid lines, and on the central axis C of the gas mixer 202.
- the outer flow path defining members 63a-63d that are not directly visible from the viewpoint of are indicated by broken lines.
- positions obtained by dividing the circumference of the gas mixer 202 into four at every 90 ° are shown by broken lines shown as 0 ° and 270 °.
- the reformed gas 65 flowing inside the mixing concentric cylinder 61 turns the inside of the gas mixer 202 leftward by 90 °.
- the reformed gas 66 flowing outside the mixing concentric cylinder 61 is swirled 90 ° clockwise inside the gas mixer 202 to be discharged from the upper part of the gas mixer 202, and then discharged to the gas mixer 202.
- the reformed gas discharged at the 90 ° exit position I shown in FIG. 10 is a reformed mixture in which half of the reformed gas flowing in from the 0 ° position and the 180 ° position shown in FIG. 10 is mixed.
- the mixed gas is a mixed reformed gas. That is, according to the gas mixer 202 according to the present embodiment, the inner flow path defining members 62a-62d and the outer flow path defining members 63a-63d exert a positional force of 180 ° apart, and a half of each mixed gas that flows in. Therefore, it is possible to effectively mix the mixed gases flowing in opposite positions of the annular flow path composed of the concentric cylinders 26 and 27, which are opposite to each other by 180 °. In other words, as in the case of the first embodiment, the number of contact fields where two types of mixed gas present at positions separated from each other come into contact increases, so that it is possible to equalize the spatial concentration distribution bias. become.
- the inner flow path defining members 62a-62d and the outer flow path defining members 63a-63d in the gas mixer 202 are formed by the horizontal walls. It is possible to reduce the standby time required to cope with startup with small heat capacity and load fluctuation. Further, since the gas mixer 202 according to the present embodiment has excellent mixing performance, the two-stage mixing layers 35 and 36 and the selective oxidation catalyst layer 37 required in the conventional hydrogen generator 300 are required. , 38 can be simplified by a single-stage gas mixture layer 202 and selective oxidation catalyst layer 37. Therefore, the heat capacity of the hydrogen generator 200 can be further reduced, and the supply amount of air for the selective oxidation reaction can be minimized. It is possible to suppress wasteful consumption of air for use, and to obtain a highly efficient hydrogen generator 200.
- the gas mixer 202 includes four inner flow path defining members 62a-62d and four outer flow path defining members 63a-63d on both sides of the mixing concentric cylinder 61.
- the force explaining the form to be provided It is not limited to such a form.For example, as shown in FIG. 11, eight concentric cylinders 61 arranged on both sides of the mixing concentric cylinder 61 at equal intervals of 45 ° Inner channel It is also possible to adopt a mode in which the regulating members 67a to 67h and eight outer flow passage regulating members 68a to 68h arranged at equal intervals of 45 ° are provided.
- each of the inner flow path defining members 67a-67h and the outer flow path defining members 68a-68h can rotate the respective flows of the reformed gases 65 and 66 shown in FIG. it can. Therefore, by adopting a strong configuration, as shown in FIG. 11, two arrows indicate the flow of the reformed gas, the reformed gas existing at a position 90 ° apart in the circumferential direction at the inlet of the gas mixer 203. Can be effectively mixed.
- the gas mixer 202 includes four inner flow path defining members 62a-62d and four outer flow path defining members 63a on both sides of the mixing concentric cylinder 61.
- the concentric cylinders 61 for mixing are arranged at equal intervals of 90 ° on both sides.
- a configuration may be provided in which the eight inner flow path defining members 67a to 67h provided and the eight outer flow path defining members 68a to 68h arranged at equal intervals of 90 °.
- each of the inner flow path defining members 67a-67h and the outer flow path defining members 68a-68h can rotate the respective flows of the reformed gases 65 and 66 shown in FIG. 8 by 90 ° in opposite directions. . Therefore, by adopting such a configuration, as shown by the two arrows in FIG. 12, the flow of the fluid is indicated by two arrows, so that the reformed gas present at a position 180 ° apart in the circumferential direction at the inlet of the gas mixer 204 can be further separated. It becomes possible to mix more effectively.
- the shapes of the inner flow path defining member and the outer flow path defining member are not limited to the curved shapes as shown in Fig. 8-12, and the pressure loss can be reduced and more effective.
- the shape may be a linear shape or a combination of a linear shape and a curved shape.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the mixing angle of the mixed gas of the first fluid (for example, the raw material) and the second fluid (for example, water vapor) in the gas mixer 201 according to the present embodiment, and the gas mixer 201.
- FIG. 4 is a correlation diagram schematically showing a relationship between a reforming reaction conversion rate in a reforming catalyst layer when a mixed gas that has passed through is used.
- the curve a in FIG. 13 shows the swirl angle of the mixed gas and the reforming reaction. The correlation with the conversion rate is shown.
- the vertical axis indicates the reforming reaction conversion rate (%) in the reforming catalyst layer
- the horizontal axis indicates the mixing angle (°) of the gas mixture of the first fluid and the second fluid. Is shown.
- the reaction conversion rate in the steam reforming reaction can be improved, and the reformer efficiency can be improved. It can be seen that improvement can be achieved.
- the swirl angle of the mixed gas when the swirl angle of the mixed gas is 90 °, the highest transfer ratio can be obtained.
- the swirl angle of the mixed gas is smaller than 45 °, although the improvement of the transfer ratio is obtained, the effect of the improvement is relatively small. Therefore, in the gas mixer 201 according to the present embodiment, it is effective to set the swirl angle of the mixed gas by the inner flow path defining member and the outer flow path defining member to 45 ° or more and 90 ° or less.
- each of the inner flow path defining member and the outer flow path defining member is constituted by a lateral wall.
- three-dimensional molding of the lateral wall is required. Therefore, the production cost of the gas mixer may be high. Therefore, instead of forming each of the inner flow path defining member and the outer flow path defining member by a lateral wall, each of the inner flow path defining member and the outer flow path defining member is made of a rod material such as a round bar or a square bar. It is good also as a form which comprises. By adopting a powerful structure, it is relatively easy to three-dimensionally shape a rod such as a round bar or a square bar, so that it is possible to avoid a high production cost of the gas mixer. become.
- the configuration and operation of the gas mixer 201 described in detail with respect to the configuration and operation of the gas mixer 202 are the same as the configuration and operation of the gas mixer 202.
- a gas mixer 201 is provided for mixing the raw material supplied to the reforming catalyst layer 31 with steam, and the reformed gas supplied to the selective oxidation catalyst layer 37 is provided.
- the form in which the gas mixer 202 is also provided for mixing with air is exemplified, it is not limited to such a form, and any one of them may be used according to the required performance of the hydrogen generator. Alternatively, the gas mixer may be provided only on the side.
- the structure of the hydrogen generator 200 shown in the second embodiment is described. Only the internal configuration of the gas mixer is different from that of the gas mixer. Therefore, in Embodiment 3 of the present invention, only the internal configuration of the gas mixer will be described.
- FIG. 14 is a configuration diagram schematically showing an internal configuration of gas mixer 205 according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention
- FIG. 14 (a) is a top view of gas mixer 205.
- FIG. 14B is a side view of the gas mixer 205.
- 14 (a) and 14 (b) schematically show a state where the gas mixer 205 having a ring shape is developed in a plane for explanation.
- the visible portions of the concentric cylinder 26, the concentric cylinder 27, and the mixing concentric cylinder 61 are indicated by solid lines, and the concentric cylinder 26, the concentric cylinder 27, and the mixing concentric cylinder 61 are shown. Invisible portions are indicated by broken lines.
- FIG. 14 (a) the visible portions of the concentric cylinder 26, the concentric cylinder 27, and the mixing concentric cylinder 61 are indicated by solid lines, and the concentric cylinder 26, the concentric cylinder 27, and the mixing concentric cylinder 61 are shown. Invisible portions are indicated by broken lines.
- FIG. 14 (a) the
- the inner flow path defining members 62a to 62d on the front side of the drawing are indicated by solid lines
- the outer flow path defining members 63a to 63d on the rear side of the drawing are indicated by broken lines.
- the same components as those of the gas mixer 202 shown in FIG. 8 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- the fluid force of a mixed gas of raw materials such as city gas and steam or a reformed gas in which a reformed gas and air are mixed flows upward from below in FIG. Assume that
- the gas mixer 205 shown in the present embodiment has basically the same internal configuration as that of the gas mixer 202 shown in FIG. That is, as shown in FIGS. 14A and 14B, the gas mixer 205 according to the present embodiment includes four inner flow path defining members 62a-62d on both sides of the divided partition wall 61, Four outer flow path defining members 63a to 63d are provided.
- the mixed gas defined by the inner flow path defining members 62a-62d Each half of the respective outlets 69 of the fluid such as the fluid and the respective outlets 70 of the fluid such as the mixed gas defined by the outer flow path defining members 63a-63d are each controlled by the baffle plate 71 having a rectangular shape.
- the configuration is different from the configuration of the gas mixer 202 shown in the second embodiment in that it is closed. That is, in the gas mixer 205 according to the present embodiment, by providing the baffle plate 71 at each of the outlets 69 and 70 described above of the gas mixer 205, the opening area of each of the outlets 69 and 70 is reduced. However, this is different from the configuration of the gas mixer 202 shown in the second embodiment. In other respects, the configuration is the same as that of the gas mixer 202 shown in Embodiment 2. It is.
- the outlet of a fluid such as a mixed gas defined by the inner flow path defining members 62c and 62d shown in FIG. 69 is partially closed by the baffle plate 71, whereby the opening area of the outlet 69 is reduced to approximately half.
- the flow velocity of the fluid discharged from the gas mixer 205 can be increased.
- the flow velocity of both the fluid flowing out of the gas concentrating cylinder 61 and the fluid flowing out of the concentric cylinder 61 discharged from the gas mixer 205 is increased.
- the mixed state can be further improved.
- the size of the baffle plate 71 is described as a size that can close, for example, approximately half of the area of the outlet portion 69, but is limited to such a shape.
- the size of the baffle plate 71 can be arbitrarily set according to the required mixing state of the fluid such as the mixed gas.
- Embodiment 4 of the present invention also differs from the configuration of hydrogen generator 200 shown in Embodiment 2 only in the internal configuration of the gas mixer. Therefore, in the fourth embodiment of the present invention, as in the third embodiment, only the internal configuration of the gas mixer will be described.
- FIG. 15 is a configuration diagram schematically showing an internal configuration of gas mixer 206 according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention
- FIG. 15 (a) is a top view of gas mixer 206.
- FIG. 15B is a side view of the gas mixer 206.
- FIGS. 15 (a) and 15 (b) also show a state in which a gas mixer having a ring shape is developed in a plane for explanation, similarly to the case of Embodiment 3. Is shown.
- FIG. 15 (a) the visible portions of the concentric cylinder 26, the concentric cylinder 27, and the mixing concentric cylinder 61 are indicated by solid lines, and the concentric cylinder 26, the concentric cylinder 27, and the mixing concentric cylinder 61 are shown. Are indicated by broken lines.
- FIG. 15 (a) the visible portions of the concentric cylinder 26, the concentric cylinder 27, and the mixing concentric cylinder 61 are indicated by solid lines, and the concentric cylinder 26, the concentric cylinder 27, and the mixing concentric cylinder 61 are shown
- the gas mixer 206 shown in the present embodiment has basically the same internal configuration as the gas mixer 205 shown in the third embodiment. That is, as shown in FIGS. 15A and 15B, the gas mixer 206 according to the present embodiment has four inner flow path defining members 62a on both sides of the mixing concentric cylinder 61. 62d and four outer flow path defining members 63a-63d.
- the mixed gas in the gas mixer 206 divided by the fluid such as reformed gas.
- the flow path inside or outside the mixing concentric cylinder 61 that is, the side where the inner flow path defining members 62a-62d are disposed
- the outer flow path defining member 63a-63d is provided with an opening 72 or a baffle plate 74 having an opening 73 only in the flow path on the side of the mixing concentric cylinder 61 near the above-mentioned outlet.
- the configuration is different from that of the gas mixer 205 shown in the third embodiment in that an opening 75 is provided at a predetermined position.
- the openings 72 and 73 in the baffle plate 74 are formed alternately in the longitudinal direction of the baffle plate 74 on the concentric cylinder 26 side and the concentric cylinder 27 side.
- the opening area of each of the openings 72 and 73 is, for example, about half of the opening area at the outlet of the flow path defined by the inner flow path defining members 62a and 62b, as in the case of the third embodiment. Area. Further, as shown in FIG.
- the opening 75 is formed in a substantially rectangular shape at a position corresponding to the openings 72 and 73 at the end on the outlet side side of the mixing concentric cylinder 61 described above. ing. That is, in the gas mixer 206 according to the present embodiment, the baffle plate 74 is provided at the above-described outlet portion of the gas mixer 206, and the baffle plate 74 has the openings 72 and 73 formed therein. An opening 75 is formed in the mixing concentric cylinder 61, which is different from the configuration of the gas mixer 205 described in the third embodiment. In other respects, the configuration is the same as that of the gas mixer 205 shown in the third embodiment.
- the fluid that has passed through the flow path defined by the inner flow path defining members 62a and 62b is discharged only from the opening 75, and at this time, The fluid is mixed with the fluid that has passed through the flow path defined by the flow path defining members 63d and 63a. Then, the gas is discharged from the opening 73 to the outside of the gas mixer 206. That is, according to the gas mixer 206 according to the present embodiment, the fluid that has passed through the inside and outside of the concentric mixing cylinder 61 is forcibly mixed when passing through the opening 72 and the openings 73 and 75. Therefore, it is possible to further improve the mixing state of the fluid such as the mixing gas.
- the opening areas of the openings 72 and 73 are set to, for example, about half the opening area of the outlets of the flow paths defined by the inner flow path defining members 62b and 62c.
- the opening areas of the openings 72 and 73 can be arbitrarily set according to the required mixing state of the fluid such as the mixed gas. is there.
- the opening area and the shape of the opening 75 can be arbitrarily set according to the required mixing state of the fluid such as the mixed gas.
- the gas mixers 201, 202 and the gas mixer 206 shown in Embodiments 2-4 are very compact, so that a plurality of gas mixers are arranged in series to form a gas mixer assembly. Even if it is configured, it can be disposed inside the hydrogen generator 200. In this case, since the gas mixers are assembled in series, it is possible to further improve the mixing state of the fluid such as the mixed gas.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram schematically showing an internal configuration of a first gas mixer assembly 207 in which gas mixers 203 and 206 according to Embodiments 2 and 4 of the present invention are assembled in series. It is a figure. Note that FIG. 16 also schematically shows a state where the first gas mixer aggregate having a ring-like shape is developed in a planar shape for explanation, similarly to the case of the third embodiment. .
- the gas mixer 206 shown in Embodiment 4 is arranged on the upstream side of a fluid such as a mixed gas, and as shown in FIG. A gas mixer 203 is arranged on the downstream side.
- the configurations and the like of the gas mixer 203 and the gas mixer 206 are as described in the second and fourth embodiments.
- the mixing performance of each of the gas mixers 203 and 206 is added, so that the mixing state of the fluid such as the mixed gas is further improved. Further improvements can be made.
- FIG. 17 shows gas mixer 203 and gas mixer according to Embodiments 2 and 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram schematically showing an internal configuration of a second gas mixer assembly 208 in which 206 are assembled in series.
- the first gas mixer assembly 207 described above has a mixing concentric cylinder 61 of the gas mixer 203 and a mixing concentric cylinder of the gas mixer 206. 61 are provided independently of each other, while the gas mixer 203 and the gas mixer 206 and the power mixing concentric cylinder 76 are shared. This is different from the case of the container assembly 207. With such a large configuration, the configuration of the gas mixer assembly 207 can be simplified.
- the entire gas mixer can be made of a thin plate such as stainless steel, the weight can be reduced to, for example, 300 g or less.
- the heat capacity can be set to, for example, about 0.5 kjZkg '° C. Therefore, the amount of heat required for heating the gas mixer can be set to, for example, about 26 kJ, so that the delay in the start-up time of the hydrogen generator can be reduced to, for example, 1Z5 or less. Further, since the amount of heat required for heating the gas mixer can be set to, for example, about 26 kJ, it is possible to reduce the operating energy of the fuel cell system.
- the heat capacity of the gas mixer can be reduced to 1Z5 or less of the heat capacity of the gas mixer filled with ceramic balls or the like. It is possible to effectively prevent water vapor from condensing by cooling on the surface of the vessel. As a result, it is possible to effectively prevent the SZC ratio from decreasing when the hydrogen generator is started. In addition, the catalytic performance of the reforming catalyst can be stably maintained over a long period of time.
- Embodiment 14 of the present invention a modified gas mixture of a mixed gas of city gas and water vapor supplied to the reforming catalyst layer and air supplied to the selective oxidation catalyst layer is mixed. Since the mixing state of fluid such as high quality gas is dramatically improved by the gas mixer, the reformed gas is efficiently generated in the reforming catalyst layer, and the amount of the selective oxidation catalyst is minimized. It becomes possible to do. Therefore, the size of the reforming catalyst layer and the selective oxidation catalyst layer can be reduced. Further, it is possible to prevent wasteful combustion of hydrogen in the reformed gas in the selective oxidation catalyst layer, so that it is possible to provide a highly efficient hydrogen generator. Industrial applicability
- the hydrogen generator according to the present invention is useful as a hydrogen generator that is lightweight, has a small heat capacity, and is equipped with a high-performance gas mixer and has excellent hydrogen generation efficiency and responsiveness.
- the present invention it is possible to eliminate non-uniformity in temporal and spatial concentrations in a fluid such as a mixed gas of a raw material and steam supplied to a reforming catalyst layer. And, as a result, the temporal and spatial uniformity of the concentration of the reformed gas can be ensured. Therefore, the carbon monoxide removal catalyst such as the reforming catalyst layer and the shift reactor disposed downstream thereof This makes it possible to use the bed effectively and greatly contributes to reducing the amount of each catalyst and miniaturizing the hydrogen generator.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
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US10/581,967 US7465326B2 (en) | 2003-12-09 | 2004-12-09 | Hydrogen generating apparatus |
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JP2003410014 | 2003-12-09 | ||
JP2003-410014 | 2003-12-09 | ||
JP2004091440 | 2004-03-26 | ||
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PCT/JP2004/018411 WO2005056468A1 (ja) | 2003-12-09 | 2004-12-09 | 水素生成装置 |
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WO (1) | WO2005056468A1 (ja) |
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AU2006223449A1 (en) | 2005-03-10 | 2006-09-21 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Method of starting up a direct heating system for the flameless combustion of fuel and direct heating of a process fluid |
RU2007137495A (ru) * | 2005-03-10 | 2009-04-20 | Шелл Интернэшнл Рисерч Маатсхаппий Б.В. (NL) | Система теплопередачи для сгорания топлива и нагревания технологической текучей среды и способ ее использования |
EP1860064B8 (en) * | 2005-03-18 | 2010-02-03 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Fuel modification apparatus |
US8257668B2 (en) * | 2006-09-05 | 2012-09-04 | Panasonic Corporation | Hydrogen generator and fuel cell system |
ATE511062T1 (de) * | 2007-07-20 | 2011-06-15 | Shell Int Research | Heizvorrichtung zur flammenlosen verbrennung |
AR067578A1 (es) * | 2007-07-20 | 2009-10-14 | Shell Int Research | Un calentador de combustion no inflamable, sistema calentador, un metodo para iniciar el sistema calentador y metodo para controlar la temperatura del sistema calentador. |
WO2011075490A2 (en) * | 2009-12-14 | 2011-06-23 | Intelligent Energy, Inc. | Hydrogen generation utilizing integrated co2 removal with steam reforming |
WO2011108264A1 (ja) | 2010-03-04 | 2011-09-09 | パナソニック株式会社 | 水素生成装置および燃料電池発電システム |
US8603203B2 (en) * | 2010-04-12 | 2013-12-10 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Burner nozzle assembly and fuel reformer having the same |
US9093681B2 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2015-07-28 | Intelligent Energy Inc. | Hydrogen generation having CO2 removal with steam reforming |
CN104203397A (zh) * | 2011-12-06 | 2014-12-10 | Hy9公司 | 催化剂容纳反应器系统以及相关方法 |
JP5958721B2 (ja) * | 2012-02-09 | 2016-08-02 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 燃料処理装置 |
US8992850B2 (en) * | 2012-05-31 | 2015-03-31 | Dana Canada Corporation | Floating catalyst/regenerator |
JP5815476B2 (ja) * | 2012-06-12 | 2015-11-17 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池モジュール |
JP5848197B2 (ja) * | 2012-06-12 | 2016-01-27 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池モジュール |
EP2707326B1 (en) | 2012-06-25 | 2017-04-05 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Fuel processor |
JP6051063B2 (ja) * | 2013-01-30 | 2016-12-21 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池モジュール |
US20230288031A1 (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2023-09-14 | Omb Saleri S.P.A. - Societa' Benefit | Cylinder assembly for a hydrogen fuel cells autotraction system |
CN113457444B (zh) * | 2021-07-19 | 2023-02-28 | 重庆朗福环保科技有限公司 | 一种一氧化碳脱除系统 |
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JPS5930128B2 (ja) * | 1977-11-08 | 1984-07-25 | バンキ,デビッド・レオン | 酸素リホ−ミング反応器における反応ガスを混合するための装置 |
JPH049198B2 (ja) * | 1984-01-30 | 1992-02-19 | ||
JPH0525538B2 (ja) * | 1985-12-30 | 1993-04-13 | Ansuchi* Furanse Deyu Petorooru | |
JPH04180826A (ja) * | 1990-11-13 | 1992-06-29 | Noritake Co Ltd | スタティックミキサ内蔵反応管 |
JPH0733402A (ja) * | 1993-07-27 | 1995-02-03 | Hitachi Ltd | 改質器 |
JP2002078703A (ja) * | 2000-06-22 | 2002-03-19 | Toshiba Medical System Co Ltd | X線ct装置 |
JP2003080047A (ja) * | 2001-09-13 | 2003-03-18 | Artha:Kk | 水素溶存装置および水素溶存装置用部品 |
JP2003176104A (ja) * | 2001-12-07 | 2003-06-24 | Toyota Motor Corp | 改質用混合気生成装置 |
JP2003226501A (ja) * | 2002-02-07 | 2003-08-12 | Ebara Corp | 水素製造システム |
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US7465326B2 (en) | 2008-12-16 |
US20070151152A1 (en) | 2007-07-05 |
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