WO2005054533A1 - 疲労特性に優れた鋼材およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
疲労特性に優れた鋼材およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005054533A1 WO2005054533A1 PCT/JP2004/017855 JP2004017855W WO2005054533A1 WO 2005054533 A1 WO2005054533 A1 WO 2005054533A1 JP 2004017855 W JP2004017855 W JP 2004017855W WO 2005054533 A1 WO2005054533 A1 WO 2005054533A1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a steel material having excellent fatigue properties and a method for producing the same.
- the steel material according to the present invention is excellent in the fatigue characteristics of the plasma cutting portion, the laser cutting portion, and the HAZ portion during large heat input welding, so that it can be used for structures such as ships, marine structures, bridges, buildings, tanks, and the like. It can be suitably used as it is, cut or welded.
- steel materials used for structures such as ships, marine structures, bridges, buildings, tanks, and the like are first cut into a desired shape and dimensions by an appropriate cutting method prior to constructing the structure.
- a cutting method high-speed cutting that is several times or more faster than gas cutting, which has conventionally used force, is possible.
- plasma cutting using a plasma flow and laser cutting have been frequently used. Since these cutting methods have considerably high cutting accuracy, the cut steel material may be used as it is.
- the cut steel material needs to be subjected to a mechanical curling such as grinding as a finishing curd near the cut surface.
- a mechanical curling such as grinding
- finishing force necessarily entails an increase in cost and processing time.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 6-271930 discloses that a steel sheet having a composite structure containing bainite and retained austenite having a volume ratio of 10% or more as a main phase is subjected to a shot peening treatment as a post-treatment.
- a method has been proposed to improve the fatigue life of steel by subjecting the retained austenite phase in the surface layer to strain-induced transformation. This method can improve the fatigue properties of the entire steel material including the cut surface of the plasma-cut steel material.
- this method involves an increase in processing cost and processing time because shot peening is performed as post-processing on the steel material.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-107175 discloses that the chemical composition of a base material is optimized and the hardenability index (DI) and the austenite grain size are controlled within appropriate ranges, so that the plasma-cut A steel material with improved cross-sectional fatigue strength is disclosed.
- This steel material improves the fatigue strength of the cut surface without post-processing.
- an effective measure to secure the required DI value is that the hardness of the cut part increases significantly due to the increase in the force C, which is an increase in the amount of C, and the bendability after cutting decreases. is there.
- the present invention provides a steel material excellent in fatigue characteristics in a plasma cut portion, a laser cut portion, a HAZ portion, a V, and a portion where a structure is hardened during large heat input welding, and a method for producing the same. More specifically, the present invention can be used as a structure subjected to repeated stress as it is, without cutting or after welding, without any special post-treatment, as it is, as it is, as it is, or as it is after bending. The present invention provides the above steel material and a method for producing the same.
- the steel material having excellent fatigue properties according to the present invention is, by mass%, C: 0.01-0.10%; Si: 0.01-0.6%; Mn: 0.4-2.0%; P: 0.02% or less; S: 0.01% 1 or 2 types of Cr: 0.01-0.6%; Nb: 0.005-0.06% and Ti: 0.005-0.03%; sol.Al: 0.10% or less; N: 0.01% or less
- the hardenability index DI is 12 or more
- the Mn ZC ratio which is the ratio of the amount of Mn to the amount of C in mass%, is 20 or more.
- the steel composition may further contain at least one element selected from the following group (1)-(3):
- the steel material preferably has a structure in which the austenite grain size in the hardened layer portion of the cut surface or the hardened layer portion of the weld heat affected zone is 20 ⁇ m or less.
- the present inventors have studied factors that affect the improvement of the fatigue properties of the cut portion and the welded portion, not the entire steel plate.
- the present invention is based on the following new findings obtained by the study.
- the fatigue life can be further extended.
- the steel material having excellent fatigue properties according to the present invention is obtained by rolling a steel slab having the above-described steel composition by heating the steel slab to a temperature range of 1200 ° C or lower.
- accelerate cooling at an average cooling rate of at least 650-500 ° C of 5-50 ° C / s is performed, and the accelerated cooling is performed at 450 ° C or less. It can be manufactured by a method including stopping.
- a slab having the above chemical composition is heated to a temperature range of 1200 ° C or lower to perform rolling. Do you reheat
- Cooling with an average cooling rate of at least 5 ° C / s between 650 ° C and 500 ° C from 1 to 500 ° C is performed, and the cooling is stopped at 500 ° C or less.
- Any of the above methods may further include heating to 450 ° C. or less after cooling and tempering.
- the invention also relates to a structure built from the above steel material.
- the steel material according to the present invention exhibits excellent fatigue properties in a portion that is conventionally poor in fatigue characteristics, such as a cut portion by plasma or laser and a HAZ portion during large heat input welding, so that, for example, ships, marine structures, bridges, It can be suitably used as a plasma or laser cut or a high heat input weld on members of a steel structure such as a building or a tank where stress is repeatedly applied.
- a member to which the repeated stress acts for example, a long member of a ship member is exemplified, but is not limited to this. No need for post-cut or post-weld processing Therefore, it is possible to reduce the cost of processing the steel material and the time required for the processing.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a shape of an axial fatigue test piece.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic explanatory view of an axial fatigue tester.
- FIG. 3 is a view showing the effect of the austenite grain size ( ⁇ m) of the cut surface or the hardened layer portion of the weld heat-affected zone on the fatigue limit ⁇ w (N / mm 2 ) of a steel material.
- FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the shape of a bending test piece.
- FIG. 5 (a) is a side view showing the shape of a welded joint fatigue test piece
- FIG. 5 (b) is a plan view of the same.
- the C enhances the strength and hardenability index DI of steel by containing 0.01% or more. However, if the C content exceeds 0.10%, it becomes difficult to secure necessary strength and toughness. In order to secure the hardenability index DI and MnZC ratio described below and to secure the toughness of the base material, the desirable C content has a lower limit of 0.03% or more and an upper limit of 0.08% or less.
- Si contributes to deoxidation of steel by containing 0.01% or more. However, if the Si content exceeds 0.6%, the toughness of the steel is impaired. Desirable Si content has a lower limit of 0.02% and an upper limit of 0.4%.
- Mn is contained at 0.4% or more, the strength of the steel can be improved and the hardenability index DI can be secured. However, when the Mn content exceeds 3 ⁇ 4.0%, the toughness and Impairs the performance. The upper limit of desirable Mn content is 1.50%.
- P is an unavoidable impurity and degrades the toughness of steel, such as promoting center segregation, so the upper limit is 0.02%.
- the P content is desirably 0.018% or less.
- S is an unavoidable impurity, and when present in a large amount exceeding 0.01%, it causes welding cracks and forms inclusions such as MnS which can be the starting point of cracks.
- the S content is desirably 0.006% or less, more desirably 0.004% or less, so as not to affect the toughness of the HAZ portion.
- Desirable Cr content has a lower limit of 0.03% and an upper limit force.
- Nb When Nb is contained in an amount of 0.005% or more, Nb forms a carbonitride and suppresses the grain growth of ferrite and austenite, refines the structure, and is effective in improving strength and toughness. However, if the Nb content exceeds 0.06%, the toughness, which is markedly increased by the strength of the steel, is impaired. Desirable Nb content has a lower limit of 0.01% and an upper limit of 0.05%.
- Ti has the same effect as Nb by containing 0.005% or more. However, if the Ti content exceeds 0.03%, welding cracks are likely to occur. Desirable Ti content has a lower limit of 0.01% and an upper limit of 0.02%.
- At least one of Nb and Ti described above may be contained.
- Sol.Al like Si, effectively contributes to deoxidation.
- the structure is refined and uniformized, so that it has uniform characteristics with respect to fatigue characteristics.
- the A1 content is preferably 0.005-0.08%.
- N 0.01% or less
- the toughness of both the base material and the HAZ is deteriorated.
- the force N that adds Ti to the steel and fixes it in the form of TiN to make it harmless exceeds 0.01% in the steel, the TiN solidifies in the steel during heating in the HAZ. Melting causes hardening of the HAZ portion, resulting in poor toughness.
- the addition of N can increase the hardness of the steel material, thereby improving the fatigue characteristics. However, if it exceeds 0.01%, the hardness is significantly increased and the toughness is deteriorated.
- the N content is preferably 0.0005-0.008%.
- the steel material according to the present invention may be any one or more of (1) Cu and Ni, (2) V, or (3) Mo One, two or more of B, W and W, or two or more of these selected elements may be contained in the following range.
- Cu When steel is used in a corrosive environment, Cu can be added in an amount of 0.05% or more as needed to improve corrosion resistance. However, when the Cu content exceeds 0.6%, these effects are saturated, and the strength of the steel excessively increases, and the toughness is impaired.
- the more desirable Cu content when adding Cu is a lower limit force of 1% and an upper limit force.
- Ni 0.05—0.6%
- Ni when added in an amount of 0.05% or more, shows an effect of improving corrosion resistance in a corrosive environment. However, if the Ni content exceeds 0.6%, these effects are saturated, and the strength of the steel is excessively increased, thereby impairing the toughness. When Ni is added as needed, the more desirable Ni content has a lower limit of 0.1% and an upper limit of SO.5%.
- V by adding 0.005% or more, refines the structure and contributes to the increase in the fatigue strength of steel. However, when the V content exceeds 0.08%, the effect is saturated, and the strength is excessively increased, and the toughness is impaired. When V is added as required, the more desirable V content is 0.01% for the lower limit and 0.06% for the upper limit.
- Mo by containing 0.01% or more, enhances hardenability and enhances strength. But Mo If the content exceeds 0.5%, a remarkable increase in strength is observed, but at the same time, the toughness is deteriorated. When Mo is added as required, the more desirable Mo content has a lower limit of 0.02% and an upper limit of 0.4%.
- W is effective for increasing the base material strength and improving the corrosion resistance. To obtain this effect, it is necessary to add 0.05% or more. However, when it exceeds 0.50%, toughness is deteriorated.
- Hardenability index DI 12 or more
- the hardenability index DI also called the critical diameter, means the maximum diameter at which 50% of the central structure becomes martensite when a round bar-shaped sample is quenched. This diameter can be determined by quenching various types of round bar samples having different thicknesses under the same conditions and microscopically examining the cross section. Since the value of DI is determined by the steel composition (the content of a specific element that affects the hardenability and the multiple of its hardenability), in the present invention, DI is defined by the above-mentioned formula (1).
- the hardenability index DI is 12 or more and MnZC is 20 or more, a hardened structure formed by heat during cutting is martensitic. For this reason, generation of dislocations due to repeated stress is suppressed, the fatigue life of the steel material is increased, and the fatigue limit is improved. On the other hand, if the hardenability index DI is less than 12, the fatigue limit is at the conventional level. DI is preferably 12.5 or more.
- MnZC ratio 20 or more
- the Mn ZC ratio means the ratio of the amount of Mn (all in mass%) to the amount of C in steel.
- the Mn / C ratio is preferably 22 or more, more preferably 25 or more.
- the fatigue properties are improved by securing a predetermined hardenability index and defining the grain size of retained austenite at the time of cutting.
- the MnZC ratio to be 20 or more, the bending characteristics, which are considered in this publication, are ensured, and the fatigue strength is improved.
- the MnZC ratio increases, the ratio of bainite in the structure of steel (the bainite fraction) increases.
- the bainite fraction is 30% or more, but for this purpose, the Mn / C ratio is controlled to 20 or more.
- bainite softens when subjected to repeated deformation such as the fatigue crack growth test. This is because the dislocation force introduced by the transformation coalesces and disappears due to the repeated deformation, thereby alleviating the strain accumulated at the tip of the fatigue crack. In other words, it is considered that bainite is also effective in suppressing crack growth because the crack growth driving force is reduced by the work softening characteristics.
- Austenitic particle size in cut surface or hardened layer portion of weld heat affected zone 20 m or less
- the steel material according to the present invention is formed by hardened layer portion of cut surface, that is, by plasma cutting or laser cutting. It is preferable that the austenite grain size in the hardened layer portion of the cut surface to be cut or the hardened layer portion of the weld heat affected zone formed by welding is 20 ⁇ m or less.
- the width of the hardened layer portion on the cut surface formed by plasma cutting or laser cutting also varies depending on the cutting conditions. According to the knowledge of the present inventors, the value of the hardenability index DI is 12%. If this is the case, a hardened layer portion is formed over the entire thickness within a range of about 0.5 mm from the cut surface toward the inside. The reason why the austenite particle size in this hardened layer portion is preferably 20 m or less is as follows.
- the axial force fatigue test piece having a planar shape shown in FIG. 1 was produced by plasma cutting, repetition frequency 5 Hz at room temperature, stress ratio 0.1, Jikuka pulsating pull stress amplitude 284- 421 N / mm 2 Fatigue tests were performed using the 20-ton electrohydraulic fatigue tester shown in Fig. 2 using the tension load control method.
- reference numeral 1 denotes an axial fatigue test specimen
- reference numeral 2 denotes a load.
- Reference numeral 3 is a hydraulic cylinder that applies a load to the axial fatigue test specimen 1
- reference numeral 4 is a waveform generator
- reference numeral 5 is a load controller
- reference numeral 6 is a servo valve
- Reference numeral 7 is a hydraulic pressure source.
- the stress amplitude at which the number of repeated fractures was 10 7 was measured as the fatigue limit ⁇ w (N / mm 2 ). Furthermore, the structure of the hardened layer portion of the plasma cut surface of the test piece after the test was observed by being corroded with a mixed corrosive solution of picric acid, Rivon F and ferric chloride, and the observation power was measured. The average particle size obtained was taken as the austenite particle size of the hardened layer portion.
- the means for measuring the austenite particle size is not limited to this, and the austenite particle size may be measured by other means.
- FIG. 3 shows the effect of the austenite grain size ( ⁇ m) of the hardened layer portion of the cut surface on the fatigue limit ⁇ ⁇ w (N / mm 2 ) of the steel material. From the graph shown in FIG. 3, when the austenite grain size is 20 m or less, the fatigue limit ⁇ w (N / mm 2 ) is significantly improved, and when the austenite grain size is more than 20 m. It can be seen that the fatigue limit ⁇ w (N / mm 2 ) is the same level as the conventional one. Therefore, in the present invention, the austenite particle size in the hardened layer portion of the cut surface formed by plasma cutting is preferably 20 ⁇ m or less. By suppressing the austenite grain size to 20 m or less, the generation of dislocations due to repeated stress is suppressed, and a long fatigue life is obtained.
- austenite grain size of the hardened layer portion of the cut surface generated by plasma cutting was described, but the same can be said for the hardened layer portion of the cut surface generated by laser cutting.
- both cutting and welding are subject to rapid temperature rise and rapid cooling, so the same applies to the hardened layer in the heat affected zone.
- a steel slab (slab) having a predetermined composition is prepared by a conventional smelting means and a processing means, and this is made into a steel material by, for example, rolling kamen. Prior to rolling the slab, the slab is heated to a temperature range of 1200 ° C or less. Heating slabs to temperatures above 1200 ° C significantly increases the austenite grain size of the steel, impairing the toughness of the steel.
- Hot rolling in the non-recrystallized region is preferred to improve the toughness of the steel.
- the structure of the steel becomes coarse and the toughness is deteriorated.
- the Ar point is calculated by the following formula:
- each element symbol is the content (% by mass) of the element in steel, and t is the plate thickness (mm).
- This formula refers to ⁇ Iron and Steel, '' 67th year (1981) No. 1, p. 143, Ouchi et al., ⁇ Effect of rolling conditions and chemical composition on the onset temperature of fly transformation after hot rolling. '' .
- accelerated cooling is performed at an average cooling rate of at least 650-500 ° C at a rate of 5-50 ° C / s, and the accelerated cooling is stopped at 450 ° C or less.
- the reason why the cooling stop temperature is set to 450 ° C. or less is to include, for example, cooling to near normal temperature in order to reduce temperature unevenness in the steel sheet.
- accelerated cooling may be performed immediately after hot rolling. This is a so-called TMCP type manufacturing method.
- the steel sheet may be once cooled and then re-heated and quenched, without performing accelerated cooling immediately after rolling.
- the heating temperature at this time is Ac
- Tempering is preferably performed after cooling, and the tempering temperature in that case is set to 450 ° C or lower. Tempering at 450 ° C. or less provides satisfactory structure and mechanical properties. If the tempering is performed at a higher temperature, the properties are degraded.
- the steel material is a wire, a bar, a shape, a pipe, or the like which is different from a steel plate, it can be manufactured under the same manufacturing conditions.
- an axial fatigue test piece having a planar shape and dimensions (unit: mm) shown in Fig. 1 was produced by plasma cutting under the conditions shown in Table 3.
- an axial fatigue test specimen having the same planar shape and dimensions (unit: mm) as shown in Fig. 1 was produced by laser cutting under the conditions shown in Table 4.
- a bending test (bending radius l.Ot; where t is the plate thickness) was performed using a test piece 30 having a plasma cut surface or a laser cut surface on the side surface of the test piece shown in Fig. 4 to improve the bending workability. Judged. The results are also shown in Table 5.
- the side surface portion 32 is a plasma cut surface or a laser cross section.
- the austenitic grain size of the hardened layer portion was measured by the method described above for the cut surface obtained by plasma cutting or laser cutting the sample material 119. The results are also shown in Table 5.
- the unit is mass% balance Fe and impurities
- Nos. 1 to 15 in Table 5 are all steel materials according to the present invention, and have a fatigue limit ⁇ aw of 392-457 (N / mm 2 ) in plasma cutting and 389-430 (N / mm 2 ), and a good result with no occurrence of cracks in the bending test.
- the austenite grain size on the plasma cut surface or laser cut surface was all 20 m or less.
- test materials No. 20-36 with a strength conforming to the SM 490A standard and a plate thickness of 25 mm were manufactured.
- Welded joints were prepared from the test materials under the welding conditions shown in Table 8.
- Fig. 5 (a) is a side view of the test piece
- Fig. 5 (b) is a plan view. In the figure, the black portions indicate the welded portions.
- the unit is mass% balance Fe and impurities
- No. 20-34 in Table 9 is a steel material according to the present invention, which shows a high fatigue limit ⁇ ⁇ w of 389-421 (N / mm 2 ) of the welded joint, and also shows a high value in the bending test. There were no cracks and good results were obtained. In this case, the austenite grain size of the hardened layer in the heat affected zone was all 20 ⁇ m or less.
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Applications Claiming Priority (4)
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JP2003401780 | 2003-12-01 | ||
JP2003-401780 | 2003-12-01 | ||
JP2004-233539 | 2004-08-10 | ||
JP2004233539A JP4325503B2 (ja) | 2003-12-01 | 2004-08-10 | 疲労特性に優れた鋼材およびその製造方法 |
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CN101512033B (zh) * | 2006-09-04 | 2012-10-03 | 新日本制铁株式会社 | 高温强度、韧性和耐再热脆化特性优异的耐火钢材及其制造方法 |
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JP4676871B2 (ja) * | 2005-12-19 | 2011-04-27 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 疲労亀裂進展抑制に優れた鋼板 |
JP2007191781A (ja) * | 2005-12-19 | 2007-08-02 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 疲労亀裂進展抑制に優れた鋼板 |
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CN100588734C (zh) * | 2007-11-27 | 2010-02-10 | 湖南华菱湘潭钢铁有限公司 | 一种高强度船用钢板及其生产方法 |
JP5353256B2 (ja) * | 2008-01-21 | 2013-11-27 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 中空部材およびその製造方法 |
KR101639845B1 (ko) * | 2013-12-24 | 2016-07-14 | 주식회사 포스코 | 내절단 균열성이 우수한 고장력강 및 그 제조방법 |
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- 2004-08-10 JP JP2004233539A patent/JP4325503B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-12-01 WO PCT/JP2004/017855 patent/WO2005054533A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2004-12-01 KR KR1020067010451A patent/KR100774805B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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CN101512033B (zh) * | 2006-09-04 | 2012-10-03 | 新日本制铁株式会社 | 高温强度、韧性和耐再热脆化特性优异的耐火钢材及其制造方法 |
CN102121081A (zh) * | 2010-12-29 | 2011-07-13 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | 一种服役酸性环境输送钢管的制造方法 |
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KR20060086445A (ko) | 2006-07-31 |
JP2005187934A (ja) | 2005-07-14 |
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