WO2004113963A1 - 光学素子 - Google Patents
光学素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004113963A1 WO2004113963A1 PCT/JP2004/008207 JP2004008207W WO2004113963A1 WO 2004113963 A1 WO2004113963 A1 WO 2004113963A1 JP 2004008207 W JP2004008207 W JP 2004008207W WO 2004113963 A1 WO2004113963 A1 WO 2004113963A1
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- group
- fine particles
- optical element
- inorganic fine
- transparent material
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/01—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients characterized by their specific function
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/04—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
- G02B1/041—Lenses
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/04—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
- G02B1/045—Light guides
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/02—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/04—Prisms
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/08—Mirrors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
- G02B7/008—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements with means for compensating for changes in temperature or for controlling the temperature; thermal stabilisation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optical element suitably used as a lens, a filter, a grating, an optical fiber, a flat optical waveguide, and the like, and particularly to an optical element whose refractive index does not change depending on temperature. .
- Optical elements such as lenses, filters, gratings, optical fibers, and flat optical waveguides are formed of transparent materials in modern society as optical elements that control the propagation of light, such as transmission, reflection, refraction, and diffraction. Is done.
- transparent materials transparent inorganic materials such as silicon-based glass materials and metal oxides have been widely used, but in recent years, transparent organic polymers having excellent moldability, economic efficiency, and light weight have also become widespread. It has come to be put to practical use as a lens for spectacles, an objective lens for optical disks, a plastic optical fiber, a polymer plate optical waveguide, and the like (see Non-Patent Document 1).
- the refractive index generally varies depending on the temperature. For this reason, it is a collective term for lenses for optical disc devices such as CDs and DVDs that converge light to the light converging limit (diffraction limit) to improve device performance, optical fibers with long light propagation distances, and flat optical waveguides.
- the diffractive optical elements such as Bragg gratings used in the optical communication field and optical sensors
- changes in the refractive index change the grating constant (optical distance corresponding to the grating interval), which significantly impairs the performance of the element. It is known to be done.
- the refractive index of the transparent material is used.
- a method of doping a material having a temperature change rate opposite to the temperature change rate see Patent Documents 2 and 3).
- Non-Patent Document 1 Fumio Inoue, Optoelectronics and Polymer Materials, Kyoritsu Publishing (1995)
- Non-Patent Document 2 Yasuo Kokubun, "Temperature-Independent Technology for Optical Circuits” Applied Physics, Vol. 66, p. 934 ( 1997)
- Non-Patent Document 3 A. Sakamoto et al., “IEICE Transactions on ElectronicsJ, Vol. E—83C, 1441 (2000)
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-2000-352633
- Patent Document 2 JP 2001-141945 A
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-020136
- Patent Document 4 JP 2001-201601
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to eliminate the need for an auxiliary material for compensating the temperature change rate of the refractive index, and to use either an inorganic material or an organic material.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an optical element that can be widely applied to any of these transparent materials and that is manufactured without lowering the transparency or changing dimensions.
- the inventors of the present invention have conducted intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, it has been found that an inorganic material that satisfies a specific condition is compounded in a transparent material for forming an optical element, whereby the thermalization can be achieved.
- a transparent material for forming an optical element whereby the thermalization can be achieved.
- the optical element of the present invention is formed of a composite material containing an optically transparent material and inorganic fine particles.
- optical element according to the present invention is the optical element according to the present invention.
- the transparent material and the inorganic fine particles satisfy at least one of the following a) and b).
- the optical element of the present invention is an optical element for controlling the light transmission mode such as light transmission, reflection, refraction, and diffraction, and has the sign of the temperature change rate of the refractive index or the thermal expansion.
- This is a configuration including a transparent optical material and inorganic fine particles having different signs of coefficients.
- FIG. 1A is an explanatory view showing a lens among optical elements according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1B is an explanatory view showing a grating of an optical element according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1C is an explanatory view showing an optical fiber among optical elements according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1D is an explanatory view showing a flat optical waveguide among the optical elements according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the temperature dependence of the refractive index of the organic polymer and inorganic fine particle composite thin film used in Example 1 among the transparent optical materials forming the optical element according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing an optical waveguide operation by a prism coupling method in the optical waveguide elements shown in Examples and Comparative Examples among the optical elements according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing that among optical elements according to the present invention, an optical waveguide element has a different electromagnetic field distribution for each waveguide mode.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing that among optical elements according to the present invention, in the optical waveguide elements shown in Examples and Comparative Examples, an m-line method is observed by a prism coupling method.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the temperature dependence of the refractive index of the organic polymer and inorganic fine particle composite thin film used in Example 2 among the transparent optical materials forming the optical element according to the present invention. Best form to do
- the inorganic fine particles include LiAlSiO, PbTiO, and Sc W.
- it contains at least one of Nb ⁇ and LiNbO.
- the transparent material is preferably an organic polymer.
- the ratio of the inorganic fine particles is preferably not more than 95% by weight of the total amount of the organic polymer and the inorganic fine particles in terms of solid content.
- the optical element of the present invention is an optical element for controlling a light transmission mode such as light transmission, reflection, refraction, and diffraction, and the sign of the temperature change rate of the refractive index is opposite to the sign of the optical element. It includes a transparent material (with positive / negative difference) and inorganic fine particles, or a transparent material and a inorganic fine particle with opposite signs of thermal expansion coefficient.
- the composite material constituting the optical element of the present invention may be any combination as long as it is a composite material containing an optically transparent material and inorganic fine particles.
- Transparent material and inorganic fine The composite material of the particles can be adjusted by a conventional method, for example, by mixing and dispersing a transparent material and inorganic fine particles.
- inorganic materials and organic polymers can be used as long as they are substantially transparent in the wavelength band in which the optical element is used, that is, as long as they are optically transparent (having light transmittance). Any of them can be used, but an organic polymer is preferable from the viewpoint of moldability and the like.
- optically transparent (light-transmitting) inorganic materials examples include silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, dinoleconium oxide, hafnium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, strontium oxide, and barium oxide.
- Oxides such as yttrium oxide, lanthanum oxide, cerium oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide, lead oxide, double oxides composed of these oxides, and phosphoric acid formed in combination with these oxides Salts and sulfates are used.
- optically transparent (light-transmitting) organic polymers include polymethyl methacrylate, polycyclohexyl methacrylate, polybenzyl methacrylate, polyphenyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polytetrafluoroethylene, 1-4-Methylpentene-11, polybutyl alcohol, polyethylene, polyacrylonitrile, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl carbazole, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, polyolefin, etc. Any organic polymer that is substantially transparent to the wavelength can be used for the optical element of the present invention.
- organic polymers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- these organic polymers can be dissolved in a solvent or melted by heating or the like to be processed into the form of the intended optical element.
- monomers, oligomers, monomers and oligomers that are precursors of the organic polymer and It can also be polymerized in the process of processing a mixture with a polymer as a starting material into a desired optical element form.
- these organic polymers may have, in the main chain or side chain thereof, a functional group which promotes a reaction such as addition, cross-linking or polymerization by light or heat.
- Examples of such a functional group include a hydroxyl group, a carbonyl group, a carboxyl group, a diazo group, a nitro group, a cinnamoyl group, an acryloyl group, an imide group, and an epoxy group.
- the organic polymer may contain additives such as a stabilizer such as a plasticizer and an antioxidant, a surfactant, a dissolution promoter, a polymerization inhibitor, and a coloring agent such as a dye and a pigment.
- organic polymers are used to improve the workability such as applicability, such as solvents (water, alcohols, glycols, cellosolves, ketones, esters, ethers, amides, hydrocarbons, etc.). Any organic solvent).
- the organic polymer may be a photosensitive polymer.
- the photosensitive polymer may be either a negative photosensitive polymer in which the exposed portion is cured and becomes insoluble, or a negative photosensitive polymer in which the exposed portion becomes soluble.
- the photosensitive polymer may be a resin composition having a photosensitivity, or may be a resin composition obtained by mixing a polymer and a photosensitive compound. Examples of the polymer having photosensitivity to itself include a polymer containing a diazonium base, a polymer containing an azide group, and a polymer having a cinnamoyl group such as polyvinyl cinnamate.
- Examples of the photosensitive compound which forms a photosensitive resin composition by mixing with a polymer include a (meth) atalyloyl group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxyl group, a carboxyl group, an ester group, an ether group, an amide group and Examples include N-substituted amide groups, nitrile groups, glycidyl groups, and compounds containing a halogen atom. Since the organic polymer is a photosensitive polymer, various well-known shapes such as cutting, cutting, polishing, etc. are used by using well-known exposure process technologies such as photolithography. The optical element of the pattern can be easily formed.
- any material may be used as long as the material has the opposite sign to the temperature change rate or the thermal expansion coefficient of the refractive index of the transparent material forming the optical element.
- the refractive index of a substance decreases with increasing temperature (the sign of the rate of temperature change is negative), and the sign of the coefficient of thermal expansion is often positive.
- organic polymers show this tendency almost without exception. like this
- the inorganic fine particles added to the transparent material must have a positive sign of the temperature change rate of the refractive index or a negative sign of the coefficient of thermal expansion.
- a material having such properties preferably, LiAlSiO, PbTiO, ScW ⁇
- PLZT PLZT.
- Nb ⁇ or LiNbO is preferably used.
- These inorganic fine particles can also be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the shape of the inorganic fine particles may be any shape such as a spherical shape, an elliptical shape, a flat shape, and a rod shape. Particularly when the shape is a spherical shape, the effects obtained by the present invention can be effectively exhibited.
- the method for producing the inorganic fine particles is not particularly limited, but methods such as thermal decomposition of a metal salt and hydrolysis of a metal salt or metal alkoxide are well known.
- the thermal decomposition of the metal salt can be obtained by spraying the metal salt or a solution thereof and subjecting to thermal decomposition.
- the hydrolysis of the metal salt or metal alkoxide can be obtained by preparing a metal salt or metal alkoxide solution in advance, and adding water to the solution to promote hydrolysis polymerization.
- the average particle diameter of the inorganic fine particles is desirably smaller than the wavelength of light that transmits through an optical element or whose propagation such as refraction and diffraction is controlled by the optical element.
- the power varies depending on the wavelength of light.
- the force is 11-100 nm, more preferably, 2-100 nm.
- the average particle diameter of the inorganic fine particles is within the above range, the particle diameter becomes relatively small as compared with the wavelength of the light whose propagation is controlled, so that high transparency can be maintained. it can.
- the combination of the inorganic fine particles and the organic polymer is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately selected depending on the use and purpose of the optical element.
- a combination of methacrylic resin or polycarbonate resin with NbO or LiNbO is preferred. Etc. are intended for good forming
- the inorganic fine particles have a reactivity by applying an external load such as a functional group (for example, a group that increases the affinity with the organic polymer, heat, mechanical stress, or addition of water or steam). (Reactive groups, photosensitive groups, etc.).
- Such functional groups include, for example, (meth) atalyloyl group, carboxyl group, carboxy group, hydroxyl group, amide group or N-substituted amide group, butyl group, ester group, ether group, nitrile Groups, a glycidinole group, a diazo group, a halogenated alkyl group, an epoxy group, and a dissocyanate group.
- the inorganic fine particles complexed with the organic polymer are moved in the organic polymer, and a certain resin is uniformly dispersed without being aggregated, and a functional group is introduced into the inorganic fine particles.
- a functional group is introduced into the inorganic fine particles.
- the functional group is preferably a reactive group or a photosensitive group (particularly a polymerizable photosensitive group). Further, this functional group is formed by reacting the inorganic fine particles with an organometallic compound having a hydrolyzable polymerizable group and / or a photosensitive group (particularly, a silane coupling agent or a titanium coupling agent) with an organometallic compound or a condensate. It can be introduced into inorganic fine particles by surface graft reaction, CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition), etc.
- a method of introducing the inorganic functional group into the inorganic fine particles by surface modification is preferably used.
- X represents an integer of 1 to 4, and R and R are each independently
- y represents an integer of 1 to 30, and z represents an integer of 05.
- the method for surface modification using the compound represented by the chemical formula (1) is not particularly limited, and any known method can be used.
- a method of hydrolyzing the compound represented by the chemical formula (1) under the condition that water is present to modify the surface of the inorganic fine particles is exemplified.
- a catalyst such as an acid or an alkali is preferably used, and a hydroxyl group on the surface of the inorganic fine particles and a hydroxyl group generated by hydrolysis of the compound represented by the chemical formula (1) are dehydrated to form a bond. It is generally thought that
- the inorganic fine particles used in the present invention are preferably subjected to surface modification with the compound represented by the above chemical formula (1).
- the compound represented by the above chemical formula (1) For example, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetraisopropoxysilane, tetraphenoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, propyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, methyltriphenoxysilane, ethyltrisilane Ethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, 3-methylphenyltrimethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, getyl ethoxysilane, diphenyl dimethoxysilane, diphenyldiphenoxysilane, trimethylmethoxysilane, triethylethoxysilane, triphenylmethoxy
- These compounds have different characteristics such as a reaction rate, and compounds suitable for surface modification conditions and the like can be used. Further, only one type may be used, or a plurality of types may be used in combination. Furthermore, the shape of the obtained inorganic fine particles may vary depending on the compound used, and the affinity with the thermoplastic resin used for obtaining the material composition can be achieved by selecting the compound used for surface modification. is there. Although the ratio of the surface modification is not particularly limited, the ratio of the inorganic fine particles before the surface modification is compared with the fine particles after the surface modification. Preferably, the total content is 30-99% by weight, more preferably 60-98% by weight.
- the amount of the functional group introduced into the inorganic fine particles is 0.5 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 100 parts by weight, in terms of the compound having the functional group. You can select from a range of about 20 parts by weight.
- the mixing ratio of the optically transparent material and the inorganic fine particles is different depending on the combination of the transparent material and the inorganic fine particles and the conditions for assimilation according to the wavelength at which the target optical element is used.
- the ratio of the inorganic fine particles is more preferably 95% by weight or less of the total amount of the organic polymer and the inorganic fine particles in terms of solid content.
- the optical element of the present invention is exemplified by a lens, a filter, a grating, an optical fiber, a flat optical waveguide, and the like, and controls a light propagation mode through transmission, reflection, refraction, diffraction, and the like.
- FIGS. 1A to 1D show an operation mode of the optical element exemplified here.
- the present invention can be effective for any optical element that controls the propagation state of light through transmission, reflection, refraction, diffraction, and the like.
- An optical element using a composite of an organic polymer and inorganic fine particles can be produced by a conventional method generally known as a molding method of an organic polymer.
- a cast molding method in which an organic polymer and inorganic fine particles are mixed, and then the mixture is poured into a mold (die) suitable for a desired optical element and solidified to obtain a molded body may be used.
- the solidification can also be performed using auxiliary means such as heating and light irradiation.
- a liquid in which an organic polymer and inorganic fine particles are mixed is applied onto an appropriate substrate, and then solidified to obtain a thin film.
- Methods for applying a mixed solution of an organic polymer and inorganic fine particles on a substrate include spin coating, bar coating, and roll coating. For example, there is a known method.
- the optical element produced by the present invention is an optical fiber
- a spinning method used for a silicon glass-based optical fiber or a plastic optical fiber can be applied. That is, a liquid obtained by mixing an organic polymer and inorganic fine particles is ejected from a discharge port using a gear pump or the like, and then wound around a drum bobbin. Alternatively, after the mixture of the organic polymer and the inorganic fine particles is solidified, the mixture is heated in an oven to melt the ends, and the composite of the molten organic polymer and the inorganic fine particles is wound around a drum bobbin. it can.
- the method for producing an optical fiber is described in detail in, for example, "Optical Polymers", edited by P. Harmon and G. K. Noren, page 5, American Chemical Society (2001).
- a solution was prepared by adding 2.5 g of pentaethoxyniobium to 30.75 g of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether. To this solution, a mixed solution of 0.34 g of water and 32.91 g of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether was added dropwise with stirring. After stirring at room temperature for 16 hours, the mixture was concentrated to an oxide concentration of 3% by weight to obtain a NbO dispersion. Of the resulting NbO dispersion
- the average particle size was 6 nm.
- a photopolymerizable acrylic resin “Cyclomer” manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd., which is an organic polymer, was used. This organic polymer and the fine particles of NbO prepared by the above method
- the 25 rates were set as follows.
- the concentration of NbO is 0%.
- the temperature change rate of the refractive index of the fat "CYCLOMER” (manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.), the former is the + 7. 8 X 10- 6, the latter mosquito 3. a 1 X 10- 4, in opposite polarities to each other there were.
- a plate heater in which a lmm-thick rubber heater was sandwiched between a 1.5-mm-thick copper plate and a 3.5-mm-thick Teflon (registered trademark) plate was prepared, and the above-described heater was placed on the copper plate.
- a silicon substrate on which a composite film composed of an organic polymer and inorganic fine particles was formed was placed, and the refractive index at a wavelength of 0.633 xm was measured by spectral reflectance measurement.
- the temperature of the rubber heater was raised, and the temperature was changed from room temperature to 80 ° C as the copper plate surface temperature, and the refractive index of each sample was measured at each temperature. Furthermore, the results show that each compound with different Nb
- the temperature change rate of the refractive index of the coalesced film is read, and the temperature change rate (unit:%) shown in Fig. 2 is Nb.
- the prism coupling method was used for manufacturing the optical element described below and for verifying the function of the optical element. That is, as shown in FIG. 3, a prism 9 having a refractive index higher than the refractive index of the waveguide layer thin film is brought into close contact with the waveguide layer thin film 5, and then the laser beam 7 is introduced into the prism 9. The laser light 7 is totally reflected at the right-angled edge and tends to return in the incident direction.However, when the prism 9 is sufficiently adhered to the waveguide layer 5, the laser light 7 stains outside the prism at the time of total reflection. The emitted evanescent wave moves to the waveguide layer 5 and propagates as guided light 8 while being totally reflected inside the waveguide layer 5. At this time, according to the thickness of the waveguide layer 5, as shown in FIGS. 8 (a) and 8 (b), the distance traveled by total reflection is separated into different waveguide modes and guided. .
- This waveguide mode is a wave that satisfies the condition for forming a standing wave in the thickness direction of the waveguide layer 5 in the process of propagation of the laser light 7 coupled to the waveguide layer 5.
- 10 (a), 10 (b), and 10 (c) shown in FIG. 4 indicate the electromagnetic field intensity distributions of the guided modes whose mode orders correspond to the 0th, 1st, and 2nd orders, respectively.
- light propagating in the waveguide layer is divided into a plurality of waveguide modes and propagates. The degree will be different.
- the speed V of light propagating in a medium with a refractive index n is given by the following equation (3), where c is the speed of light in a vacuum.
- different effective refractive indices are observed for each waveguide mode.
- the film was formed on a quartz plate by a spin coating method, dried at 90 ° C. for 30 seconds, and then exposed to an ultrahigh pressure mercury lamp at 500 mJZcm 2 to obtain a composite film of an organic polymer and inorganic fine particles.
- a laser beam with a wavelength of 0.633 zm was introduced into the composite film of organic polymer and inorganic fine particles produced in this manner by the prism coupling method shown in Fig. 3, confirming that it functions as an optical waveguide. did.
- the laser light propagating through the composite film which is the optical waveguide layer, detects the light emitted by the scattering by the scattered light detection method (Nishihara et al., “Optical Integrated Circuit”, p. 252, Ohmsha, 1985). It was measured and confirmed to be 4.5 dB / cm.
- the laser light was guided by the prism coupling method while heating the optical waveguide thus obtained using the heater 11 as shown in FIG.
- the guided light 8 is separated into a plurality of guided mode lights that see different effective refractive indexes.
- the angle diffracted from the prism edge differs depending on the relative relationship between the effective refractive index of each guided mode and the refractive index of the prism.
- a plurality of outgoing lights called m-line 12 are obtained. (Nishihara et al., “Optical Integrated Circuit,” p. 242, Ohmsha, Ltd., 1985.)
- this m-line observation was also performed. As a result, it was confirmed that the position of the m-line did not substantially change, and that the refractive index of the waveguide layer composed of the composite film of the organic polymer and the inorganic fine particles did not change with temperature.
- a solution was prepared by adding 30. Og of pentaethoxyniobium to 248.78 g of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether. To this solution, 3.96 g of lithium hydroxide monohydrate and 1.70 g of water were dissolved in 273.13 g of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether. It was dropped. After stirring at room temperature for 16 hours, the mixture was concentrated to an oxide concentration of 10% by weight to obtain a LiNbO dispersion. The particle size distribution of the obtained LiNbO dispersion was measured by the dynamic scattering method.
- the average particle size was 3 nm.
- LiNbO concentration 0%, 25%, 50%
- Ikuroma is the refractive index temperature coefficient of the (Daiserui ⁇ Co.), the former is the + 2. 9 X 10- 5, the latter force S-3. A 1 X 10- 4, in opposite polarities to each other there were.
- a plate heater in which a lmm-thick rubber heater was sandwiched between a 1.5 mm-thick copper plate and a 3.5 mm-thick Teflon plate was prepared, and the organic polymer and the inorganic polymer were placed on the copper plate.
- complex film ing from fine particles and the refractive index was measured at a wavelength of 0. 633 beta m by measuring spectral reflectance method put the silicon substrate formed with.
- the temperature of the rubber heater was raised and the surface temperature of the copper plate was changed from room temperature to 80 ° C., and the refractive index was measured at each temperature of each sample. Furthermore, the results show that the refraction of each composite film with different LiNbO concentration
- a body film was formed on a quartz plate by spin coating and dried at 90 ° C for 30 seconds. Then, exposure was performed with an ultrahigh pressure mercury lamp at 500 mj / cm 2 to obtain a composite film of an organic polymer and inorganic fine particles.
- a laser beam with a wavelength of 0.633 / m was introduced into the composite film of organic polymer and inorganic fine particles produced in this manner by the prism coupling method as shown in Fig. 3, confirming that it functions as an optical waveguide. did.
- the laser light was guided by the prism coupling method while heating the optical waveguide thus obtained using the heater 11 as shown in FIG. Then, as in the first embodiment, as a result of observing the m-line, as described above, the guided light 8 is separated into a plurality of guided mode lights that see different effective refractive indices.
- the angle diffracted from the prism edge differs depending on the relative relationship between the effective refractive index of each guided mode and the refractive index of the prism.
- Multiple outgoing light called m-line 12 can be obtained (Nishihara et al., “Optical Integrated Circuit”, p. 242, Ohmsha (1985)).
- this m-line observation was performed. As a result, it was confirmed that the position of the m-line did not substantially fluctuate, and that the refractive index of the waveguide layer composed of the composite film of the organic polymer and the inorganic fine particles did not change with temperature.
- the thus obtained coating solution was applied by spin coating on a quartz plate, dried for 30 seconds at 90 ° C, to obtain an organic polymer film and further 500MjZcm 2 exposed to a super-high pressure mercury lamp .
- the optical element of the present invention is exemplified by a lens, a filter, a grating, an optical fiber, a flat optical waveguide, and the like, and may be any element that controls the propagation state of light through transmission, reflection, refraction, diffraction, and the like. It can be applied to such things.
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JP2005507207A JPWO2004113963A1 (ja) | 2003-06-17 | 2004-06-11 | 光学素子 |
EP04745801A EP1635194A4 (en) | 2003-06-17 | 2004-06-11 | OPTICAL ELEMENT |
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Cited By (5)
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JP2008115323A (ja) * | 2006-11-07 | 2008-05-22 | Catalysts & Chem Ind Co Ltd | 透明被膜形成用塗布液および透明被膜付基材 |
JP2008114544A (ja) * | 2006-11-07 | 2008-05-22 | Catalysts & Chem Ind Co Ltd | 透明被膜付基材 |
JP2009217249A (ja) * | 2008-02-15 | 2009-09-24 | Univ Of Tokyo | 可変焦点レンズ |
JPWO2009113469A1 (ja) * | 2008-03-13 | 2011-07-21 | 日本電気株式会社 | 光デバイス、その製造方法とそれを用いた光集積デバイス |
WO2011102251A1 (ja) * | 2010-02-18 | 2011-08-25 | 日本電気株式会社 | 光デバイス、光集積デバイス、および光デバイスの製造方法 |
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JP4293181B2 (ja) * | 2005-03-18 | 2009-07-08 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 金属粒子分散液、金属粒子分散液の製造方法、導電膜形成基板の製造方法、電子デバイスおよび電子機器 |
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CN102033265B (zh) * | 2010-11-05 | 2014-12-10 | 武汉奥新科技股份有限公司 | 具有热稳定性的梳状滤波器/梳波复用器 |
US9709699B2 (en) * | 2012-02-03 | 2017-07-18 | Raytheon Company | Nano-nano-composite optical ceramic lenses |
KR102027189B1 (ko) * | 2013-02-22 | 2019-10-01 | 한국전자통신연구원 | 광학 모듈 및 그를 구비한 광통신 네트워크 시스템 |
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- 2004-06-11 CN CNB2004800168079A patent/CN100419461C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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JP2008115323A (ja) * | 2006-11-07 | 2008-05-22 | Catalysts & Chem Ind Co Ltd | 透明被膜形成用塗布液および透明被膜付基材 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US7499618B2 (en) | 2009-03-03 |
EP1635194A1 (en) | 2006-03-15 |
EP1635194A4 (en) | 2009-03-11 |
US20050078926A1 (en) | 2005-04-14 |
CN100419461C (zh) | 2008-09-17 |
JPWO2004113963A1 (ja) | 2006-08-03 |
TW200510896A (en) | 2005-03-16 |
CN1806185A (zh) | 2006-07-19 |
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