WO2004106232A1 - 硫化リチウム粉体、その製造方法および無機固体電解質 - Google Patents
硫化リチウム粉体、その製造方法および無機固体電解質 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004106232A1 WO2004106232A1 PCT/JP2004/007177 JP2004007177W WO2004106232A1 WO 2004106232 A1 WO2004106232 A1 WO 2004106232A1 JP 2004007177 W JP2004007177 W JP 2004007177W WO 2004106232 A1 WO2004106232 A1 WO 2004106232A1
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- lithium
- lithium sulfide
- reaction
- sulfide
- lithium hydroxide
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/18—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with solid electrolyte
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B17/00—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
- C01B17/22—Alkali metal sulfides or polysulfides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
- H01B1/122—Ionic conductors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/74—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by peak-intensities or a ratio thereof only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/80—Compositional purity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
Definitions
- Lithium sulfide powder method for producing the same, and inorganic solid electrolyte
- the present invention relates to a lithium sulfide powder useful as a raw material for producing a polysulfide polymer, an electronic material, particularly a raw material for producing an inorganic solid electrolyte, a method for producing the same, and an inorganic solid electrolyte using the lithium sulfide powder. It is.
- an organic electrolyte in which a lithium salt such as lithium hexafluoride is dissolved in an organic solvent is used as an electrolyte of a lithium ion battery which is widely used as a power source of a mobile phone or a notebook personal computer.
- This organic electrolyte is flammable and has the danger of ignition or explosion due to temperature rise or impact due to any cause.
- dendritic lithium metal grows on the surface of the lithium metal, causing an internal short circuit between the electrodes and causing an explosion. It has been pointed out that.
- lithium hydroxide is reacted with hydrogen sulfide in an aprotic organic solvent to generate lithium hydrosulfide, and then the reaction solution is dehydrosulfided.
- a method in which lithium sulfide is produced directly by reaction with lithium hydroxide and hydrogen sulfide in an aprotic organic solvent see Patent Document 1). Hydrogen sulfide gas is blown into a solution consisting of an organic solvent and, if necessary, an azeotropic compound, and dehydration and desulfurization are performed while heating.
- lithium sulfide obtained from lithium hydroxide as a raw material according to Patent Documents 1 and 2 is mainly used for applications such as polysulfide polymers.
- Section 3 the main focus is on the use of inorganic solid electrolytes, but this inorganic solid electrolyte using lithium sulfide also has problems with electrochemical characteristics such as insufficient ionic conductivity and reduced decomposition voltage. Is likely to occur.
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-7-330312
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-247609
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-278423
- lithium sulfide which can also be used for inorganic solid electrolytes.
- lithium hydroxide obtained through a specific purification step was used as a raw material. Used to reduce the Si ⁇ content of the resulting lithium sulfide to a specific value.
- the reaction between the lithium hydroxide and hydrogen sulfide in an aprotic solvent is carried out at 150-190 ° C. in an inert gas atmosphere while distilling off water.
- the first reaction is carried out at 100-150 ° C while distilling off water that forms hydrogen sulfide and aprotic solvent in an aprotic solvent, and then the second reaction is carried out at 150-190 ° C in an inert gas atmosphere.
- the lithium sulfide powder obtained by performing the washing and drying steps under an inert gas atmosphere or in a vacuum is then washed and washed with only unreacted raw material lithium hydroxide.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a lithium sulfide powder which can be used for inorganic solid electrolyte applications, a method for producing the same, and excellent electrochemical properties such as ionic conductivity and decomposition voltage using the same. To provide an inorganic solid electrolyte.
- the first invention provided by the present invention is that, when subjected to X-ray diffraction analysis, a diffraction peak (a) of lithium sulfide (111 plane) and a diffraction peak of lithium hydroxide (101 plane) (b) Is a lithium sulfide powder characterized by having a relative intensity ratio ⁇ (b / a) X 100 ⁇ of 3 or less and a content of Si ⁇ of 50 ppm or less.
- the half width of the diffraction peak of the (111) plane determined by X-ray diffraction analysis should be 0.15 degrees or less, and the average particle size should be 1080 xm. It is particularly preferable that the total content of metal elements of A1 and Ca is 50 ppm or less.
- a second invention provided by the present invention provides a first step in which an aqueous solution containing lithium hydroxide is subjected to microfiltration to obtain purified lithium hydroxide, and then the obtained purified lithium hydroxide and hydrogen sulfide are subjected to a first step.
- This is a method for producing lithium sulfide powder.
- a third invention provided by the present invention provides a first step in which an aqueous solution containing lithium hydroxide is subjected to microfiltration to obtain purified lithium hydroxide, and then the obtained purified lithium hydroxide and hydrogen sulfide are combined.
- the method includes a third step of washing the lithium sulfide with an organic solvent, and then a fourth step of drying the washed lithium sulfide.
- At least the second reaction of the step 2B is performed in an inert gas atmosphere.
- a step of performing the third step to the fourth step in an inert gas atmosphere or in a vacuum.
- the microfiltration in the first step is performed using a filtering material having a pore diameter of 1 zm or less. It is particularly preferable that the first step includes a step of performing crystallization after microfiltration.
- a fourth invention provided by the present invention is an inorganic solid electrolyte comprising the lithium sulfide powder of the first invention.
- Lithium hydroxide as an impurity contained in lithium sulfide lowers the ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte, and further reduces the decomposition voltage of the solid electrolyte due to the hydroxyl group contained in the lithium hydroxide. Further, when such a solid electrolyte containing lithium hydroxide is used, an exchange reaction between lithium ions and protons occurs with the electrode active material, so that desired battery performance cannot be obtained.
- SiO as an impurity contained in lithium sulfide is an inorganic solid.
- the lithium sulfide powder according to the present invention contains lithium hydroxide and Si ⁇ as impurities as described above.
- the range is within the range, and substantially does not contain these impurities. Therefore, the lithium sulfide powder is used to impart excellent ionic conductivity and decomposition voltage to the inorganic solid electrolyte, and furthermore, to the inorganic solid electrolyte. In this case, the electron conductivity is kept low, and excellent electrochemical characteristics can be imparted.
- the SiO content in the lithium sulfide powder was determined by ICP emission spectrometry.
- One of the features is that the half width of the diffraction peak is 0.15 degrees or less, preferably 0.05 to 0.15 degrees, and the crystallinity is superior to that of industrially available lithium sulfide.
- the ionic conductivity of the inorganic solid electrolyte containing the lithium sulfide can be further improved.
- the lithium sulfide powder of the present invention has an average particle size of 10 to 80 zm, preferably 20 to 60 zm obtained from scanning electron micrograph (SEM), and is industrially available.
- SEM scanning electron micrograph
- the raw material lithium hydroxide contains a large amount of oxides and hydroxides of A1 and Ca as described below, and these impurities are Since it remains as an electrically insulating impurity without reacting with hydrogen sulfide, in addition to the above characteristics, the electrically insulating compound of A1 and Ca as A1 and Ca metal is 50 ppm or less in total, preferably 30 PP or less. It is particularly preferable that the average molecular weight is not more than m, since the ionic conductivity of the inorganic solid electrolyte containing the lithium sulfide can be further improved.
- the lithium sulfide powder of the present invention can be produced by the following two methods.
- the obtained purified lithium hydroxide and hydrogen sulfide are reacted in an aprotic solvent at 150 to 190 ° C. while distilling off water to form lithium sulfide in step 2A to obtain lithium sulfide.
- a third step of washing with a solvent, and a fourth step of drying the lithium sulfide washed in the next step, wherein the second step A is performed in an inert gas atmosphere, and the third step-the fourth step is performed. Under an inert gas atmosphere or in a vacuum.
- the first step is below 50 PP m content primarily Si_ ⁇ performing microfiltration of an aqueous solution containing lithium hydroxide, a process preferably obtain purified lithium hydroxide is reduced to 30ppm or less.
- lithium hydroxide (hereinafter referred to as "crude lithium hydroxide”) is mainly carbonated from a lithium-containing ore into crude lithium carbonate, and the reaction between the crude lithium carbonate and slaked lime.
- such lithium hydroxide necessarily contains impurities such as SiO power ⁇ OO ppm or more and electrical insulating compounds such as oxides and hydroxides of A1 and Ca as impurities. Contains 100 ppm or more as A1 metal and 50 ppm or more as Ca metal.
- the content of SiO can be set in the range
- the content of electrically insulating A1 compounds such as oxides and hydroxides of A1 can be reduced to 50 ppm or less, preferably 30 ppm or less as A1 metal.
- the operation of microfiltration is, first, to prepare a lithium hydroxide solution in which the crude lithium hydroxide is dissolved in water.
- concentration of the crude lithium hydroxide in the aqueous solution is not particularly limited as long as it is equal to or lower than the saturation solubility.However, since the solubility of lithium hydroxide strongly depends on the dissolving temperature, for example, dissolving at 80 ° C 1 to 12 weight as LiOH
- % Preferably 9 to 12% by weight.
- the water that dissolves the crude lithium hydroxide is passed through at least a reverse osmosis membrane, an ultrafiltration membrane, an ion exchange membrane, and the like to remove ionic impurities such as Na, K, Ca, Cl, and SO. It is particularly preferable to use pure water from which water has been removed, since it is possible to prevent contamination of impurities derived from water that dissolves.
- the water to be treated passed through the reverse osmosis membrane, ultrafiltration membrane or ion exchange resin is, for example, raw water such as industrial water, tap water, river water, etc. And those in which most of the suspended matter and organic substances in the raw water have been removed, and those that have been further treated with a pure water apparatus using an ion exchange resin are used.
- the reverse osmosis membrane a commercially available membrane module can be used, and the operating conditions and the like are not particularly limited, and may be in accordance with a conventional method.
- the molecular weight cut-off of the reverse osmosis membrane is 400 to 100,000, preferably 1,000 to 10,000.
- the material include cellulose acetate, polyamide, crosslinked polyamine, crosslinked polyether, and polysulfone. , Sulfonated polysulfone, polyvinyl alcohol and the like are appropriately used.
- the shape of the membrane may be any of a flat plate type, a spiral type, a hollow fiber type, a tubular type and a brief type.
- the ultrafiltration membrane a commercially available membrane module can be used, and the operating conditions and the like are not particularly limited, and may be in accordance with a conventional method.
- the molecular weight cut-off of the ultrafiltration membrane is 400-100,000, preferably 1000-10000, and the materials include regenerated cellulose, polyethersulfone, polysulfone, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl alcohol, and sintering. Metals, ceramics, carbon, and the like are appropriately used.
- the shape of the membrane may be any of a flat plate type, a spiral type, a tubular type, a hollow fiber type, a pleated type and the like.
- the aqueous solution containing the crude lithium hydroxide having a predetermined concentration prepared as described above is subjected to precision filtration to remove insoluble components containing impurity components of the A1 compound such as SiO and Al 2 O and Al (OH). Remove.
- the microfiltration can be performed using a filtering material such as a microfiltration membrane.
- a filtering material such as a microfiltration membrane.
- the microfiltration membrane that can be used include a screen filter having a surface filtration action and a depth filter having an internal filtration action.
- the screen filter having a surface filtration action in the present invention efficiently removes insoluble components. It is particularly preferable in that it can be used.
- the nominal pore size of the microfiltration membrane is 1 / m or less, preferably 0.1-0.5 / im, and the material of the microfiltration membrane is not particularly limited.
- organic films such as polyacrylonitrile, polysulfone, polyolefin, polyamide, polyimide, and polyvinylidene fluoride; and inorganic films such as graphite, ceramics, and porous glass.
- a filter material such as a PTFE membrane filter can be used.
- the type of the screen filter is not particularly limited, but a cartridge type is particularly preferable in that operability is easy.
- These microfiltration can be carried out by using a commercially available microfiltration apparatus and introducing the crude lithium hydroxide aqueous solution having a predetermined concentration prepared as described above into the microfiltration apparatus. This precision The filtration operation can be performed under reduced pressure or increased pressure. There is no particular limitation.
- the crude lithium hydroxide aqueous solution having a predetermined concentration prepared as described above is heated to a temperature of 0 to 100 using a liquid sending pump. C, preferably 20-80. C, it is introduced into the microfiltration device at a flow rate of 1 to 30 ml / min, preferably 5 to 15 mlZmin, and is treated at a pressure of 0.1 to 0.5 MPa, preferably 0.2 to 0.3 MPa.
- the filtration operation by microfiltration is preferably performed at a temperature at which aqueous lithium hydroxide does not precipitate.
- a specific crystallization operation is a method of precipitating lithium hydroxide by cooling the aqueous solution containing lithium hydroxide subjected to the above-mentioned microfiltration, or containing the above-mentioned lithium hydroxide subjected to the microfiltration. Force that can be performed by heating an aqueous solution to evaporate a certain amount of water to precipitate lithium hydroxide
- the latter method of heating to precipitate lithium hydroxide is a method of purifying purified lithium hydroxide. It is particularly preferred because of its high collection efficiency.
- the crystallization operation of heating to precipitate lithium hydroxide is carried out by heating an aqueous solution containing 112% by weight, preferably 9% to 12% by weight of lithium hydroxide subjected to the above-mentioned microfiltration as LiOH. It is carried out by heating to 80 ° C. or more, preferably 90-100 ° C., and evaporating off water by 10-70% by weight, preferably 30-60% by weight. In this crystallization operation, purified lithium hydroxide from which impurities are efficiently removed can be obtained by removing water within the range.
- the crystallization operation by heating may be performed under reduced pressure.
- reaction formulas (1) and (2) The reaction between lithium hydroxide and hydrogen sulfide is represented by the following reaction formulas (1) and (2)
- step 2A the purified lithium hydroxide and hydrogen sulfide obtained in step 1 are reacted at 150-200 ° C. in an inert gas atmosphere while distilling off water produced in an aprotic solvent.
- This is a step of producing lithium sulfide.
- lithium sulfide can be produced at once from the purified lithium hydroxide and hydrogen sulfide obtained in the first step.
- the purified lithium hydroxide and hydrogen sulfide obtained in the first step are subjected to the first reaction at 100-150 ° C. while distilling off water produced in the non-protonic solvent.
- This is the step of performing the reaction, and then performing the second reaction at 150 200 ° C under an inert gas atmosphere to generate lithium sulfide.
- lithium hydrogen sulfide is obtained from the purified lithium hydroxide and hydrogen sulfide obtained in the step 1 according to the reaction formula (1), and then desulfurization is performed according to the reaction formula (2).
- Lithium sulfide can be obtained in stages by hydrogenation
- the produced lithium sulfide itself is a very unstable compound. When it comes into contact with air, it reacts with water in the air to be hydrolyzed to produce lithium hydroxide and hydrogen sulfide, and this hydroxyl sulfide is produced.
- dani lithium is one factor in lowering ionic conductivity when using the lithium sulfide as a raw material for producing an inorganic solid electrolyte. Therefore, in the present invention, One important requirement is that the second reaction in the step 2A and the second reaction in the step 2B be performed at least in an inert gas atmosphere.
- Examples of the inert gas that can be used include an argon gas, a helium gas, and a nitrogen gas. It is preferable to use high purity products for these inert gases to prevent impurities from being mixed into the product.Also, to avoid contact with moisture, use a dew point of _50 ° C or less, preferably _60 ° C or less. It is particularly preferred to use.
- the reaction is performed while at least water produced as a by-product is distilled out of the reaction system.
- the reaction may be carried out at a reaction temperature described later using a reaction apparatus having a condenser provided above the reaction vessel.
- the inside of the reaction system is always kept under an inert gas atmosphere by always supplying the inert gas to the reaction vessel even during the reaction.
- Step 2A and Step 2B first, a predetermined amount of purified lithium hydroxide is added to an aprotic solvent to prepare a suspension of an aprotic solvent containing purified lithium hydroxide. Next, hydrogen sulfide is introduced into the reaction system.
- aprotic solvent for example, an amide compound, a ratatum compound, a urea compound, an organic compound, a cyclic organic phosphorus compound, or the like can be used as a single solvent or as a mixed solvent. it can.
- Examples of the amide compound include N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-getyl honolemamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-getylacetamide, and N, N-diamine.
- Examples of the ratatam compound include kyprolatatam, N-methylcaprolatatam, and N-e
- N-alkyl-powered prolatatams such as silcaprolatatam, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NM p), N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-isopropynole-1-pyrrolidone, N-isobutyl-1-pirididone, N-Normalpropyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-Normalbutyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-Cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-Methyl_3_Methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-Ethyl_3-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-methyl-34,5_trimethyl_2_pyrrolidone, N-methyl_2-pi Ridone, N-ethyl-2-piridone, N-isopropyl-2-piridone, N-methyl-6-methyl-2-piperidone, N-methyl-3-ethyl-2-piperidone, etc.
- urea compound examples include tetramethyl urea, N, N'-dimethylethylene urea, N, N, -dimethylpropylene urea and the like.
- organic thio compound examples include, for example, dimethyl sulfoxide, getyl sulfoxide, dipheninolesulfone, 1-methinole-1-oxosulfolane, 1-ethinole-11-oxosulfolane, and 1-fluoro-1-oxosulfolane.
- Sulfolane and the like examples include 1-methyl_1-oxophosphorane, 1-normalpropinole_1-oxophosphorane, 1-phenyl-1-oxophosphorane and the like.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- the blending amount of the purified lithium hydroxide with respect to the aprotic solvent is not particularly limited. However, if the amount exceeds 10 moles per 1 L of the aprotic solvent, a uniform reaction cannot be performed, so that the reactivity with hydrogen sulfide decreases. Since the amount of hydrogen sulfide decreases and a considerable amount of hydrogen sulfide is required, the amount is preferably 10 mol or less per 1 L of the aprotic solvent.
- a high-purity hydrogen sulfide having a low impurity content particularly a purity of 99.9Vol% or more and a water content of 2mg / L or less. Is preferred.
- hydrogen sulfide itself is not corrosive to metals, but hydrogen sulfide containing water is corrosive to metals, and the resulting corrosives may enter the reaction system. .
- the hydrogen sulfide used has a low water content, and the reaction liquid due to corrosion using a material other than metal such as glass as the piping material for supplying hydrogen sulfide to the reaction system, or a metal material with a mirror-polished inner surface of the piping It is preferable to prevent the contamination of the water.
- reaction conditions in the step 2A are carried out at a reaction temperature of 150 to 200 ° C, preferably 150 to 190 ° C.
- the reason is that at temperatures below 150 ° C, lithium hydrosulfide is formed and lithium sulfide cannot be obtained directly, while at temperatures above 200 ° C, the boiling point of the solvent decreases. This is because there is a case where it exceeds.
- the amount of hydrogen sulfide introduced in the step 2A may be at least 1 in molar ratio to lithium hydroxide (LiOH), but if it is 1.5-4, the residual amount of the raw material lithium hydroxide is reduced. Especially preferred, because it can be significantly reduced.
- the rate of addition of hydrogen sulfide is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to gradually introduce hydrogen sulfide into the reaction system at a constant rate in order to obtain stable quality.
- the temperature at which hydrogen sulfide is introduced into the reaction system may be at room temperature. However, it is necessary to introduce hydrogen sulfide into the reaction system while being heated to the above reaction temperature by hydrating lithium hydroxide. This is preferred because the water present and the water generated by the reaction can be quickly distilled out of the system.
- the reaction in step 2A must be carried out sufficiently long so that unreacted lithium hydroxide does not remain.
- the reaction time varies depending on the reaction conditions such as the amount of raw materials charged and the concentration. In many cases, it is desirable that the time be 1 hour or more, preferably 2 hours or more.
- the first reaction is carried out at 100 150 ° C, preferably 110 150 ° C
- the second reaction is carried out at 150-200 ° C, preferably 150-190 ° C.
- the reason for setting the reaction temperature in the above-mentioned range in the first reaction is that if the temperature is lower than 100 ° C, the reaction rate is remarkably reduced, and it is difficult to distill off the generated water from the reaction system. This is because lithium sulfide is generated.
- the reason why the reaction temperature is set in the above range in the second reaction is that lithium sulfide is not generated at a temperature lower than 150 ° C, while the temperature exceeds 200 ° C, sometimes exceeding the boiling point of the solvent.
- the amount of hydrogen sulfide introduced in step 2B may be at least 1 in molar ratio to lithium hydroxide (LiOH), but if it is 1.5 to 14, the residual amount of lithium hydroxide as a raw material is significantly reduced. It is particularly preferable because it can be performed.
- the rate of addition of hydrogen sulfide is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to gradually introduce hydrogen sulfide into the reaction system at a constant rate in order to obtain stable quality.
- the temperature at which hydrogen sulfide is introduced into the reaction system may be room temperature, but it is preferable that hydrogen sulfide be introduced into the reaction system while being heated to the reaction temperature of the first reaction.
- the first reaction and the second reaction need to be carried out for a sufficient time so that unreacted lithium hydroxide or lithium hydrosulfide does not remain.
- the reaction time depends on the amount of raw materials charged, concentration, etc. It depends on the reaction conditions, but in many cases it is desirable to set it to 1 hour or more, preferably 2 hours or more. Good.
- the atmosphere in the first reaction of Step 2B is not particularly limited because lithium hydrosulfide is a relatively stable compound, but after the completion of the first reaction, the atmosphere in the first reaction continues.
- the reaction is preferably performed in an inert gas atmosphere because the reaction of Step 2 can be performed.
- unreacted lithium hydroxide may be separated from the reaction system by solid-liquid separation, and then the second reaction may be continued.
- the filtrate after the solid-liquid separation can be reused as an aprotic solvent for the reaction solvent used in Step 2A or Step 2B by performing purification means such as distillation.
- the lithium sulfide obtained in the second step A or the second step B is washed with an organic solvent to remove impurities such as lithium hydrosulfide, and then dried in the fourth step to obtain a product. I do.
- the third and fourth steps be performed in an inert gas atmosphere or in a vacuum to suppress the decomposition of lithium sulfide due to contact with moisture in the air. It becomes. Therefore, in the third step and the fourth step, the inside of the container used for the operation is sufficiently replaced with an inert gas, or the container is washed and dried with a vacuum.
- Examples of the inert gas used in the third step and the fourth step include argon gas, helium gas, and nitrogen gas. It is preferable to use high-purity inert gases to prevent impurities from being mixed into the product, and to use a dew point of -50 ° C or less, preferably -60 ° C or less to avoid contact with moisture. It is particularly preferred to use
- washing method in the third step it is particularly preferable to use the repulping method because the washing efficiency is high and the washing can be performed effectively.
- an organic solvent which has an affinity for the solvent used during the reaction and is inactive against lithium sulfide can be used.
- One or more of acetone and the like can be used.
- such an organic solvent is In order to avoid decomposition of lithium sulfide by water, dehydration is performed until the water content is 100 ppm or less, preferably 100 ppm or less, particularly preferably 50 ppm or less, or a commercially available water content is 100 ppm or less, preferably 100 ppm or less, particularly preferably 100 ppm or less. It is particularly preferable to use those having a concentration of 50 ppm or less.
- the method for dehydrating the organic solvent is not particularly limited. However, for example, according to JP-A-07-235309 or JP-A-07-235310, the organic solvent is brought into contact with the zeolite layer. By doing so, it can easily dehydrate.
- drying is performed to obtain a product.
- the drying method is a method capable of removing the solvent, and is not particularly limited as long as the method is performed in an inert gas atmosphere or in a vacuum. Good.
- pulverization, classification, packaging and the like are performed as required to obtain a product.
- the pulverization if necessary, is carried out, for example, when the lithium sulfide powder obtained by drying is in the form of a brittle bonded fragile substance. It has a particle size. That is, the obtained lithium sulfide powder has an average particle diameter determined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) force of 10 to 80 ⁇ m, preferably 20 to 60 ⁇ m.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the series of steps from Step 2A to Step 4 or Step 2B to Step 4 and the operations of pulverization, classification, and packaging performed as necessary are inert. It is particularly preferable to carry out the operation in a glove box or the like in which the gas has been replaced or evacuated, since the contact with moisture in the air can be effectively blocked and a series of operations can be easily performed.
- the lithium sulfide powder according to the present invention shows a single phase of lithium sulfide in X-ray diffraction, and does not substantially contain lithium hydroxide and SiO as impurities. Further, the lithium sulfide powder obtained according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention is, in addition to the above properties, fine and excellent in crystallinity, and substantially does not contain an electrically insulating impurity composed of A1 and Ca. It is.
- Such lithium sulfide powder can be suitably used not only as a raw material for producing a polysulfide polymer or the like, but also as an electronic material, particularly as a raw material for producing an inorganic solid electrolyte.
- an inorganic solid electrolyte of the present invention will be described.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte of the present invention contains at least the lithium sulfide powder.
- the content of the lithium sulfide powder in the inorganic solid electrolyte is not particularly limited, but is preferably 20 mol% or more, preferably 40 mol% or more. It may be crystalline or amorphous.
- P s phosphorus sulfide
- Lithium iodide Lithium iodide (Lil), boron sulfide (B S), silicon sulfide (SiS), germanium sulfide (G
- eS gallium sulfide
- Ga S gallium sulfide
- Al S aluminum sulfide
- Li P ⁇ lithium phosphate
- Li BO N (x is 0 x 3) force at least one or more
- examples of particularly preferred inorganic solid electrolytes in the present invention include, for example, Li S, Li SP S, Li S_P S I X (where X is Lil, B
- Li S or at least one selected from Al S force Li S-PS, Li S-SiS, Li S—Ge
- the inorganic solid electrolyte of the present invention is amorphous (glass), lithium phosphate (Li P
- Li O lithium oxide
- Li SO lithium sulfate
- P O phosphorus oxide
- Li borate lithium borate
- the compound to be contained can be contained in the inorganic solid electrolyte.
- the gap of the formed amorphous skeleton can be widened, the movement of lithium ions can be made smooth, and the ionic conductivity can be further improved.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte according to the present invention can be produced by a widely known method.
- a lithium sulfide powder and another compound constituting the inorganic solid electrolyte are mixed, and argon or the like is mixed. It can be manufactured by heating, melting and quenching in an inert gas atmosphere.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte according to the present invention is pulverized or formed into a sheet.
- the solid electrolyte of an all-solid lithium battery including at least a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a solid electrolyte, or a positive electrode
- the lithium secondary battery can be used as a coating material for lithium metal or a lithium alloy used for the negative electrode.
- lithium hydroxide monohydrate was used as crude lithium hydroxide.
- Table 1 shows the content of impurities in the lithium hydroxide sample.
- this impurity amount is a value determined by ICP emission spectrometry, ICP mass spectrometry, and turbidimetry.
- the aqueous solution prepared by dissolving the crude lithium hydroxide prepared above was filtered at 40 ° C. using a PTFE membrane filter having a pore size of 0.5 ⁇ m.
- Table 2 shows the content of impurities in the lithium hydroxide sample obtained by collecting a part of the filtrate after filtration and drying under reduced pressure.
- the ND of Mn, Ni, Cu, Y, Ce, and Yb in Table 2 indicates a detection limit of 0.04 ppm or less.
- the mixture was heated to 95 ° C., and crystallization was performed for 4 hours while keeping the water content under reduced pressure.
- the collected water was 3,300 g.
- the hydroxides precipitated by solid-liquid separation in the usual manner The lithium was recovered and dried under reduced pressure to obtain purified lithium hydroxide.
- Table 3 shows the impurity content in the obtained purified lithium hydroxide sample and the average particle diameter determined by a laser diffraction method.
- the ND of Fe, Mn, Ni, Cu, Y, Ce, and Yb in Table 3 indicates a detection limit of 0.04 ppm or less.
- NMP N-methyl_2_pyrrolidone
- the temperature of the flask was raised to 175 ° C under a stream of argon gas.
- 239 g (7 mol) of hydrogen sulfide gas was blown into the reaction solution at a supply rate of 4 OO mlZmin over 7 hours using a stainless steel pipe having a mirror-polished inner surface over 7 hours.
- the reaction was performed at 175 ° C for 2 hours.
- water produced as a by-product And was discharged to the outside of the system.
- argon gas was continuously supplied to the flask of the reaction vessel.
- the argon gas used was a gas manufactured by Nippon Sanso Corporation with a purity of 99.998% or more and the dew point was ⁇ 60 ° C or less
- the hydrogen sulfide gas used was a gas manufactured by Japan Fine Products with a purity of 99.99%. .
- the first step was performed under the same operating conditions as in Example 1.
- a flask equipped with a stirrer and a condenser was set up, and 210 g (5 mol) of the purified lithium hydroxide monohydrate obtained in the first step and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) IL were charged.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- the flask was replaced with argon gas, and the temperature was raised to 180 ° C.
- 273 g (8 mol) of hydrogen sulfide gas was blown into the reaction solution under stirring at a supply rate of 4 OOL / min for 8 hours.
- the reaction was further performed at 180 ° C for 2 hours.
- water was by-produced during the reaction it was condensed by the condenser and extracted out of the system, and argon gas was continuously supplied to the flask of the reaction vessel during the reaction.
- the argon gas used was Nippon Sanso Corporation with a purity of 99.998% and a dew point of -60 ° C or less.
- the hydrogen sulfide gas used was a product manufactured by Japan Fine Products with a purity of 99.99%.
- the first step was performed under the same operating conditions as in Example 1.
- NMP N_methyl_2_pyrrolidone
- the flask was then purged with argon gas, 110. The temperature was raised to C. Next, 103 g (3 mol) of hydrogen sulfide gas was blown into the reaction solution at a supply rate of 300 L / min over 4 hours using a stainless steel pipe while stirring. The generated water was condensed by the condenser and extracted out of the system. After the completion of the blowing, the temperature was raised to 170 ° C, and the reaction was performed for 6 hours. Argon gas with a purity of 99.998% and a dew point of _60 ° C or less manufactured by Nippon Oxygen Co., Ltd., and hydrogen sulfide gas with a purity of 99.99%, manufactured by Japan Fine Products Co., Ltd. Was used.
- the washing was performed by the repulping method using 400 ml of acetone, and the drying was performed at 110 ° C for 2 hours.
- the first step and the second step were performed in the same manner as in Example 1, the glove box was set to the atmosphere (52% humidity), and the washing and drying in the third step were performed in the same manner as in Example 1. 82 g (89% yield) was synthesized.
- the molar ratio of Li to S was determined from the value of Li measured by atomic absorption spectrometry and S was measured by iodometric titration.
- the impurity content was determined by ICP emission spectrometry, ICP mass spectrometry, and turbidimetry. It is.
- the average particle size was determined by a scanning electron micrograph (SEM).
- the X-ray diffraction diagram of the lithium sulfide powder obtained in Example 1 is shown in FIG. 1, the X-ray diffraction diagram of a commercially available lithium sulfide powder is shown in FIG. 2, and the lithium sulfide powder obtained in Example 1 is shown in FIG.
- the scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of the body is shown in FIG.
- the X-ray diffraction was measured in an argon atmosphere.
- ⁇ ⁇ D Of Mn, Ni, Cu, Y, Ce, and Yb in Table 4 indicates the detection limit of 0 lppm or less.
- Example 13 and Comparative Example 13 The lithium sulfide powder and silicon sulfide (manufactured by ABCR GmbH KG) were weighed and mixed in a molar ratio of 60:40. The mixture was filled into a glass crucible made of Ichibon and melted at 1000 ° C. for 2 hours in a stream of argon gas. Thereafter, the melt was dropped into liquid nitrogen to obtain a solid electrolyte.
- the argon gas used had a purity of 99.998% or more and a dew point of -60 ° C or less manufactured by Nippon Sanso Corporation.
- the following ionic conductivity measurements and potential-current characteristics measurements for examining electrochemical stability were performed.
- the ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte was measured by an alternating current impedance method by applying a carbon paste as an electrode to both ends of the obtained solid electrolyte having a ribbon shape.
- the measuring cell for measuring the potential first current characteristics the powder obtained by pulverizing the solid electrolyte glass was pressed at 3 tons / cm 2, diameter 10 mm, and a thickness of 3mm pellets, to one end surface of the pellets A metal lithium foil was pressed as a reversible electrode, and a platinum plate was pressed against the opposite end face as an ion blocking electrode.
- the potential was swept to 8 V (vs. Li + / Li) at a sweep rate of 5 mV / sec , and the potential-current behavior was recorded.
- Table 5 shows the resulting ionic conductivity (25 ° C) and the value of the oxidation current that flowed when the potential was swept to 8V.
- Example 13 and Comparative Example 13 The lithium sulfide powder, silicon sulfide (manufactured by ABCR GmbH KG) and lithium phosphate (manufactured by Nippon Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) in molar ratio of 63: 36: 1 were used. Weighed and mixed. The mixture was filled in a glassy carbon crucible and melted at 1000 ° C. for 2 hours in an argon gas stream. Next, the melt was ultra-quenched with a twin roller to obtain a solid electrolyte.
- Table 6 shows the resulting ionic conductivity (25 ° C) and the value of the oxidation current that flowed when the potential was swept to 8V.
- the lithium sulfide powder of the present invention is a raw material for producing a polysulfide polymer, an electronic material, and particularly an inorganic solid electrolyte using the lithium sulfide powder of the present invention exhibits high ionic conductivity.
- the lithium sulfide powder of the present invention can be used as a raw material for producing an inorganic solid electrolyte, because it exhibits excellent electrochemical properties that make it difficult for the oxidative decomposition reaction to occur.
- FIG. 1 is an X-ray diffraction diagram of the lithium sulfide powder obtained in Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is an X-ray diffraction diagram of a commercially available lithium sulfide powder (Comparative Example 3).
- FIG. 3 is a scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of lithium sulfide obtained in Example 1 (magnification: X300)
- (A) is a diffraction peak of (111) plane of lithium sulfide.
- (b) is the diffraction peak of the (101) plane of lithium hydroxide.
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JPWO2004106232A1 (ja) | 2006-07-20 |
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