WO2004085306A1 - 水の光分解装置および光分解方法 - Google Patents
水の光分解装置および光分解方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004085306A1 WO2004085306A1 PCT/JP2004/003921 JP2004003921W WO2004085306A1 WO 2004085306 A1 WO2004085306 A1 WO 2004085306A1 JP 2004003921 W JP2004003921 W JP 2004003921W WO 2004085306 A1 WO2004085306 A1 WO 2004085306A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- water
- layer
- casing
- photolysis
- light
- Prior art date
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 200
- 238000006303 photolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 230000015843 photosynthesis, light reaction Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 34
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 claims description 5
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 13
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 10
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000352 supercritical drying Methods 0.000 description 9
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 8
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 6
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013032 photocatalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 tetrameloxysilane Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012756 surface treatment agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012018 catalyst precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrimethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)Cl IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- JJQZDUKDJDQPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxy(dimethyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(C)OC JJQZDUKDJDQPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisilazane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MLFHJEHSLIIPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoamyl acetate Chemical compound CC(C)CCOC(C)=O MLFHJEHSLIIPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GROMGGTZECPEKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium metatitanate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Ti](=O)O[Ti](=O)O[Ti]([O-])=O GROMGGTZECPEKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium titanate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)OC LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(oxolan-2-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC1CCCO1 WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007088 Archimedes method Methods 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- SMZOGRDCAXLAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium isopropoxide Chemical compound [Al+3].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-] SMZOGRDCAXLAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052980 cadmium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- LIKFHECYJZWXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyldichlorosilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(Cl)Cl LIKFHECYJZWXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical compound [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940034040 ethanol / isopropyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RSIHJDGMBDPTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxy(trimethyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(C)C RSIHJDGMBDPTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002431 foraging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003574 free electron Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940117955 isoamyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POPACFLNWGUDSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxy(trimethyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(C)C POPACFLNWGUDSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005055 methyl trichlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- JLUFWMXJHAVVNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyltrichlorosilane Chemical compound C[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl JLUFWMXJHAVVNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001443 photoexcitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003223 poly(pyromellitimide-1,4-diphenyl ether) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002459 porosimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005373 porous glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000935 solvent evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOZZOSDBXABUFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tri(butan-2-yloxy)alumane Chemical compound [Al+3].CCC(C)[O-].CCC(C)[O-].CCC(C)[O-] WOZZOSDBXABUFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOYFEXPFPVDYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(ethyl)silane Chemical compound CC[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl ZOYFEXPFPVDYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TUQLLQQWSNWKCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxymethylsilane Chemical compound COC([SiH3])(OC)OC TUQLLQQWSNWKCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005051 trimethylchlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/063—Titanium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
- B01J19/122—Incoherent waves
- B01J19/127—Sunlight; Visible light
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/46—Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
- B01J23/462—Ruthenium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/39—Photocatalytic properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/40—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by dimensions, e.g. grain size
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
- C01B13/02—Preparation of oxygen
- C01B13/0203—Preparation of oxygen from inorganic compounds
- C01B13/0207—Water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
- C01B3/042—Decomposition of water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0873—Materials to be treated
- B01J2219/0877—Liquid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0873—Materials to be treated
- B01J2219/0892—Materials to be treated involving catalytically active material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/12—Processes employing electromagnetic waves
- B01J2219/1203—Incoherent waves
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
- B01J37/0248—Coatings comprising impregnated particles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/42—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from bathing facilities, e.g. swimming pools
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
- C02F2305/10—Photocatalysts
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a photolysis device and a photolysis method for decomposing water to obtain hydrogen and oxygen by a photocatalytic reaction. Enlightenment technology
- the bandwidth of the semiconductor In order for water to be decomposed by a semiconductor photocatalyst, the bandwidth of the semiconductor must be greater than the electrolysis voltage of water (theoretical value: 1.23 V). In addition, the ability of electrons in the conduction band to reduce water and holes in the valence band to oxidize water is also required. That is, the lower end of the conduction band must be located on the minus side of the hydrogen generation potential from water, and the upper end of the valence band must be located on the plus side of the oxygen generation potential.
- Semiconductors satisfying such conditions include titanium dioxide, strontium titanate, barium titanate, sodium titanate, sulfide dominate, zirconium dioxide, and iron oxide. I have. Furthermore, it is known that those semiconductors which carry metals such as platinum, palladium, rhodium and ruthenium as cocatalysts are effective as photocatalysts for water photolysis. As an example using the photocatalyst as described above, for example, Reference 1 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-188 No. 269) and Reference 2 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-125671).
- a porous body supporting a photocatalyst is floated on a water surface such as a pond, and a photocatalytic reaction is caused by irradiating the porous body with light, thereby purifying water.
- catalysts that are active in hydrogen generation are also active in the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, and have the problem that a reverse reaction occurs when water is subjected to photolysis.
- a photocatalyst supporting platinum (Pt) is suspended in water and irradiated with light, hydrogen and oxygen generated by the photolysis reaction are separated as separate bubbles before leaving the catalyst. Was mixed. The mixed hydrogen and oxygen react by touching Pt.
- the method of Reference 3 requires input of mechanical energy, and has a problem in that the amount of energy input to generate hydrogen is larger than the amount of energy obtained.
- water is supplied to the photocatalyst surface from P and water materials, and sunlight is allowed to directly reach the interface between the photocatalyst and water.
- the structure does not need to be mixed.
- it is difficult to obtain a sufficient yield because the photocatalyst is dispersed only on the surface of the water-absorbing material and has a low density.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and it is possible to efficiently obtain hydrogen and oxygen by suppressing a reverse reaction, and to promote photolysis of water by effectively utilizing solar energy. It is an object of the present invention to provide a photolysis device and a photolysis method for water that can be used. Disclosure of the invention
- a water photolysis device is provided to solve the above problems, and comprises a casing capable of receiving light from the outside, and a photolysis layer accommodated in the casing.
- the photodecomposition layer has a light-permeable porous body and a photocatalyst supported by the porous body, and contains liquid water below the photodecomposition layer via a first space.
- a water layer is disposed, and a sealed second space is formed above the photodecomposition layer in the casing, and water vapor generated from the water layer is subjected to the photodecomposition via the first space.
- the water vapor is decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen by the photocatalyst introduced into the layer and excited by the light.
- the photodecomposition method for water according to the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problem. Disposing at a predetermined interval on an aqueous layer containing water; irradiating the photolytic layer with light; and when water vapor generated from the aqueous layer is introduced into the photolytic layer, Decomposing the water vapor into hydrogen and oxygen by the photocatalyst excited by light. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a schematic configuration of a water photolysis device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the photodecomposition layer according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a schematic configuration of a water photolysis device according to a second embodiment of the present invention. It is.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a schematic configuration of a water photolysis device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of another water photolysis device according to the third embodiment of the present invention. List of reference symbols in drawings
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of the water photolysis device according to the first embodiment.
- this photolysis device includes a casing 1 composed of a cup-shaped main body 11 having an upper opening, and a light transmitting window 12 for closing the upper opening of the main body 11.
- the light transmission window 12 is made of a light-transmitting material such as quartz glass, and sunlight enters the inside of the casing 1 through the light transmission window 12.
- a light-to-heat conversion layer 3 formed of a metal thin film is disposed on the bottom surface inside the casing 1, and a water layer 4 made of liquid pure water is formed on the light-to-heat conversion layer 3.
- a photo-decomposition layer 5 for decomposing water is disposed above the water layer 4, and a first space 6 is formed between the water layer 4 and the photo-decomposition layer 5.
- a closed second space 7 is formed between the photodecomposition layer 5 and the light transmission window 12.
- the second space 7 and the outside A discharge port 111 is formed, and a gas separator (not shown) is attached to the discharge port 111.
- a gas separator (not shown) is attached to the discharge port 111.
- an inlet for introducing liquid water into the water layer 4 inside the casing may be formed in the side wall of the casing.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the photolytic layer.
- the photodecomposition layer 5 has a structure in which photocatalyst particles 52 are dispersed on the surface of a gas permeable membrane 51 having a porous structure.
- the gas permeable membrane 51 may be transparent at least in a wavelength range where the photocatalyst is active, substantially insoluble and inert in water, and permeable to water vapor.
- a gas permeable membrane for example, a porous body composed of an organic material or an inorganic material can be mentioned.
- an inorganic oxide porous material having a network structure and skeleton will be described as an example of the porous material.
- the material of the inorganic oxide porous body may be a transparent metal oxide, but is preferably formed by a sol-gel method to form a network structure skeleton.
- a sol-gel method to form a network structure skeleton.
- an oxide containing a plurality of metals such as silicon oxide (silica), aluminum oxide (alumina), magnesium oxide, titanium oxide, and the like can be given.
- silica and alumina can be particularly preferably used because a wet gel can be easily formed by a sol-gel method.
- any material can be used as long as it can form a wet gel by a sol-gel reaction.
- inorganic raw materials such as sodium silicate and aluminum hydroxide
- organic raw materials of organic metal alkoxides such as tetrameloxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, aluminum isopropoxide and aluminum-sec-butoxide
- tetrameloxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, aluminum isopropoxide and aluminum-sec-butoxide can be used.
- These materials are reacted with a catalyst in a solvent by a sol-gel method to form a wet gel.
- a method for producing a silica wet gel is to synthesize and wet gel a silica raw material by a sol-gel reaction in a solvent.
- a catalyst is used if necessary.
- the raw materials react in a solvent to form silica fine particles, and the fine particles collect to form a network structure skeleton, thereby obtaining a wet gel.
- the composition of the raw material and solvent which are predetermined solid components, is determined. If necessary, add the solution prepared to that composition Add a catalyst, viscosity modifier, etc., stir, and make the desired use form by casting, coating, etc. After a certain period of time in this state, the solution gels and a wet gel is obtained. Further, if necessary, an aging treatment may be performed for aging the wet gel and controlling pores.
- the temperature condition during production is near the normal working temperature of room temperature, but it may be lower than the boiling point of the solvent if necessary.
- Raw materials for the silica at this time include tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, trimethoxymethylsilane, dimethoxydimethylsilane, and other a / coxysilane compounds, oligomers of these compounds, and sodium silicate (sodium silicate). ), Water glass compounds such as potassium silicate and the like, and colloidal silica and the like can be used alone or in combination.
- silica may be formed by dissolving the raw materials, and a common organic solvent such as 7 «, methanol, ethanol, propanol, acetone, toluene, hexane, etc. may be used alone or in combination.
- a common organic solvent such as 7 «, methanol, ethanol, propanol, acetone, toluene, hexane, etc.
- water an acid such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and acetic acid, and a base such as ammonia, pyridine, sodium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide can be used.
- the viscosity modifier include ethylene dalicol, glycerin, polyvinyl alcohol, silicone oil, and the like, but are not limited thereto as long as the wet gel can be used in a predetermined form.
- the obtained wet gel of the inorganic oxide is dried to obtain a dry gel.
- an ordinary drying method such as natural drying, heating drying, and drying under reduced pressure, a supercritical drying method, and a freeze drying method can be used.
- the gel strength decreases when the amount of solid components in the wet gel is reduced.
- the gel usually, in a drying method in which the gel is simply dried, the gel often shrinks due to the stress at the time of solvent evaporation.
- supercritical drying or freeze drying is preferably used as a drying means, thereby preventing the gel from shrinking during drying, that is, preventing densification. be able to.
- Even in the usual drying means for evaporating the solvent it is possible to suppress the shrinkage of the gel during drying by using a high-boiling solvent for slowing down the evaporation rate or controlling the evaporation temperature.
- the surface of the solid component of the wet gel is displayed by water repellent By controlling the surface tension, the shrinkage of the gel during drying can be suppressed.
- the solvent is changed from the liquid state to the phase state, and the gas-liquid interface is changed.
- This method eliminates stress on the gel skeleton due to surface tension and can be dried, preventing the gel from shrinking during drying and a method suitable for obtaining a low-density dry gel porous material. It is.
- a dried gel produced by a supercritical drying method can be preferably used in the present invention.
- the solvent used for the supercritical drying may be a wet gel solvent. It is preferable that the solvent is replaced with a solvent that can be easily handled in supercritical drying, if necessary.
- the solvent to be replaced include alcohols such as methanol and ethanol / isopropyl alcohol that directly make the solvent a supercritical fluid, carbon dioxide, and water.
- it may be replaced with a general organic solvent that is easy to handle such as acetone, isoamyl acetate, and hexane that can be easily eluted with these supercritical fluids.
- Supercritical drying conditions are carried out in a pressure vessel such as an autoclave.
- a pressure vessel such as an autoclave.
- the critical pressure is set to a critical pressure of 8.09 MPa, a critical temperature of 23.9.4 ° C or higher, and the temperature is kept constant. In this state, the pressure is gradually released and drying is performed.
- the critical pressure is 7.38 MPa, the critical temperature is 31.1 ° C or more, and the pressure is released from the supercritical state at the same temperature. Dry in gaseous state. In the case of water, drying is performed at a critical pressure of 22.0 MPa and a critical temperature of 37.2 ° C or higher.
- the time required for drying should be longer than the time required for the solvent in the wet gel to be replaced at least once by the supercritical fluid.
- the surface treatment agent for the water repellent treatment is chemically reacted with the surface of the solid component in a solvent in a wet gel state.
- the surface tension generated in the pores of the network structure of the wet gel can be reduced, the stress during drying can be reduced, and a dry gel with reduced shrinkage during normal drying can be obtained.
- surface treatment agents include halogen-based silane treatment agents such as trimethylchlorosilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, methyltrichlorosilane, and ethyltrichlorosilane, trimethylmethoxysilane, trimethylethoxysilane, and dimethyldimethoxysilane.
- Silicone silane treatment agents such as disiloxane and dimethylsiloxane oligomers, amine silane treatment agents such as hexamethyldisilazane, alcohol treatment agents such as propyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, octanol, decanol, etc. Can be used. It is not limited to these surface treatment agents as long as a dry gel can be obtained by a usual drying method without shrinking the wet gel.
- the structure of the inorganic oxide porous body obtained by the above method is schematically shown in FIG. 2 because the fine particles aggregate to form a network structure. When this is observed with an electron microscope or the like, it is an aggregate of fine particles, and the voids have a porous structure.
- the inorganic oxide porous body 51 thus generated is transparent to a wide wavelength range of sunlight and has water repellency, so that it has a property of passing only gas.
- the porosity of the porous body is preferably 50% or more and 98% or less.
- the reasons are as follows. If the porosity is less than 50%, the amount of gas permeation tends to decrease, and if the porosity is more than 98%, the gas becomes brittle, the strength becomes weak, and the handling becomes difficult.
- a preferable value may be different depending on the characteristics of the material of the inorganic oxide film, and is not necessarily limited.
- the porosity is a value obtained by subtracting 100% from a value obtained by dividing the apparent density of the porous body by the true density of the material forming the skeleton of the porous body, and the density is the liquid phase difference. It is a value measured by the exchange (Archimedes method) or the method by gas phase substitution.
- the pore size of the inorganic oxide having a network structure is 1 m or less in pore diameter, preferably 10 O nm or less, and more preferably several 10 O nm or less. Can be. If it is smaller than this range, if it becomes larger, the specific surface area of the porous body becomes smaller, the amount of photocatalyst particles to be carried is small, and the reaction efficiency tends to be reduced.
- the preferred specific surface area is several tens m 2 Zg or more, and more preferably 100 m 2 Zg or more.
- the pore size and specific surface area are obtained by measuring the physical properties of the porous body by mercury porosimetry or a nitrogen adsorption method or the like.
- the photocatalyst particles 52 supported on the porous body 51 will be described.
- the photocatalyst particles 52 used here generate the photocatalytic reaction as described above. Anything can be selected and used as long as it is excellent.
- the range above m is preferable.
- the amount of the supported cocatalyst may be selected in the range of 0.1% by weight to 20% by weight based on the total weight of the semiconductor and the cocatalyst. Further, two or more photocatalysts may be used in combination. Similarly, two or more cocatalysts may be used in combination.
- the photocatalyst particles 52 are formed by carrying a colloid, carrying a precursor such as a metal salt and then reducing it with hydrogen or a reducing agent, or firing a precursor such as a metal salt.
- a method of supporting a catalyst or a catalyst precursor there are a method of adding a wet gel of an inorganic oxide and a method of forming a wet gel of an inorganic oxide and forming it on the surface thereof.
- a treatment for converting the catalyst into a catalyst is performed after the catalyst is supported. These methods may be selected depending on the material and configuration used.
- the photodecomposition layer 5 as described above is fixed to the inner wall surface of the casing 1 via a gasket attached to a peripheral edge thereof, for example.
- the operation of the water photolysis device configured as described above will be described.
- solar light L is radiated into the casing 1 through the light transmission window 12
- the light in the infrared region (heat energy) of the radiated solar energy is converted into a photolytic layer.
- the light passes through 5 and irradiates the aqueous layer 4.
- a part of this heat energy is absorbed by the water layer 4, while the rest passes through the water layer 4 and is absorbed by the light-to-heat conversion layer 3.
- the heat energy absorbed in the light-to-heat conversion layer 3 indirectly heats the water layer 4, and a part of the heated water becomes water vapor.
- the gas permeable membrane 51 constituting the photolytic layer 5 transmits only gas as described above, and the water layer 4 and the photolytic layer 5 are separated via the space 6, so that Only water vapor will be introduced into the photolysis layer 5.
- the gas phase in the casing 1 be an inert gas atmosphere such as argon.
- an inert gas can be introduced from here.
- water vapor generated from the water layer 4 is photolyzed to obtain hydrogen and oxygen. Therefore, since the diffusion in the gaseous phase can be used, there is no need for mechanical energy such as stirring of water shown in the conventional example. As a result, energy efficiency can be improved.
- the photodecomposer according to the present embodiment has a unique configuration in which the first space 6 is provided between the water layer 4 and the photodecomposition layer 5, thereby further suppressing the reverse reaction. . That is, the moisture vaporized from the aqueous layer 4 and converted into water vapor passes through the first space 6 and enters the photolytic layer 14.
- the water layer and the porous photodecomposition layer when the water layer and the porous photodecomposition layer are in contact with each other, water in a liquid state infiltrates into the porous material due to a capillary phenomenon, and It is considered that the water and the photocatalyst react. However, in this case, hydrogen and oxygen generated by the irradiation of sunlight return to water again due to a reverse reaction, so that the generation efficiency is significantly reduced.
- the first space 6 is formed between the water layer 4 and the photodecomposition layer 5 so that the water layer 4 does not contact the photodecomposition layer 5. I am doing it.
- liquid water does not easily enter, and only water molecules that have volatilized from the aqueous layer 4 and become water vapor can enter the photolytic layer 5.
- the reverse reaction can be made less likely to occur.
- water vapor has higher energy than liquid water, it has an advantage that it reacts promptly with a photocatalyst and hydrogen and oxygen can be obtained efficiently.
- the solar heat L in the infrared region that has passed through the water layer 4 is received by the light-to-heat conversion layer 3 fcP. Therefore, water vapor can be generated from the water layer 4 by this heat. Therefore, since energy in the infrared region, which has not been conventionally used, can be used, energy efficiency can be further improved. In this case, since the higher the temperature, the higher the catalytic activity, the photodecomposition reaction is further promoted.
- the sunlight L and the water vapor are introduced into the entire photo-decomposition layer 5 in the thickness direction. It is not limited to the interface with. Therefore, the photodecomposition reaction is promoted according to the thickness of the photodecomposition layer 5.
- the hydrogen and oxygen obtained as described above can be used, for example, as an energy source supplied to a fuel cell.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a schematic configuration of the water photolysis device according to the present embodiment.
- This embodiment is different from the first embodiment in the configuration of the casing in the second space and its surroundings, and the other configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment. Are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description is omitted.
- the second space 7 formed between the photodecomposition layer 5 and the light transmission window 12 is separated into two upper and lower spaces via a hydrogen separation membrane 8. ing . That is, the first gas accumulation part 71 is formed between the photodecomposition layer 5 and the hydrogen separation membrane 8, and the second gas accumulation part 72 is formed between the hydrogen separation membrane 8 and the light transmission window 12. Are formed. In addition, three through holes communicating with the outside are formed on the wall surface of the casing 1. In other words, the inlet 1 1 15 and the first outlet 1 1 6 are formed at opposing positions on the wall surface of the first gas accumulation unit 71, respectively, and the wall surface of the second gas accumulation unit 7 2 is formed. Has a second outlet 1 17.
- the hydrogen separation membrane 8 is not particularly limited as long as it can permeate hydrogen.
- a polyimide film obtained under the trade name “Kapton (registered trademark)” of Toray “Dupont Co., Ltd.” at 600 ° C. What has been heat-treated at 100 ° C. or less can be used.
- the gas is discharged to the outside of the casing 1 through the second discharge port 1 17 and stored in a hydrogen storage unit (not shown).
- oxygen that cannot pass through the hydrogen separation membrane 8 is discharged from the first outlet 116.
- the gas discharged from the first discharge port 116 may be separated by a gas separator as in the first embodiment.
- the exhaust system connected to the second discharge port 117 to create a reduced-pressure atmosphere in the second gas accumulating section 72
- the diffusion of hydrogen into the gas accumulating section 72 is reduced. Can be accelerated. As a result, the reverse reaction is further suppressed, and only hydrogen can be efficiently separated and recovered.
- an inert gas such as argon from the inlet port 115 provided in the first gas collecting section 71
- the pressure difference between the two gas accumulation sections 7 1 and 7 2 can be generated by making the pressure difference larger than 72. Pressure difference in this case is, for example, about 1.
- the hydrogen separation membrane 8 is provided in the second space 7, the hydrogen separated by the photolysis layer 5 can be efficiently separated. Therefore, since hydrogen can be obtained without using a gas separator, the cost of the apparatus can be reduced.
- a water layer is formed by supplying liquid water into the casing 1, but photolysis is performed by using external water without supplying water into the casing 1.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a water photolysis device according to a third embodiment.
- the present embodiment differs from the above embodiments in the configuration of the casing, and other configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment.
- an opening 118 is formed at the bottom of the casing 1, and the main body 11 is formed in a square tube shape as a whole.
- Casing 1 is a water layer that stores liquid water, indoor and outdoor swimming pools
- an indoor swimming pool Preferably an indoor swimming pool
- a pond Preferably a turbulent sea or the like
- a support device (not shown). More specifically, the lower part of the casing 1 is inserted into the water layer 9 and is installed so as to float on the water layer 9. At this time, it is necessary to separate the water surface of the water layer 9 from the photodecomposition layer 5 and arrange the casing 1 so that a space 6 (first space) is formed therebetween.
- the same operation as in each of the above embodiments is performed. That is, water vapor evaporates from the water layer 9 by irradiation of sunlight L or the like, and this water vapor is introduced into the photolytic layer 5 via the first space 6. At this time, photolysis In the layer 5, the photocatalyst particles 52 are excited by the sunlight L, and the introduced water vapor is decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen.
- the photolytic device has an opening 18 at the bottom of the casing 1, and water vapor can be introduced into the casing 1 from the opening 18. Therefore, unlike the devices of the first and second embodiments, there is no need to supply and store water in the casing 1, and the water can be decomposed simply by disposing the device in a place where water exists. It can be carried out. Therefore, water supply work is not required, and the work can be simplified.
- the casing 1 is floated on the water layer 4, but is not limited to this, and can be configured as shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, in this example, the water depth is relatively shallow, and the above-mentioned swimming pool is targeted.
- the casing 1 is formed. Has been installed.
- the space 6 is secured by installing the casing 1 in a shallow place or adjusting the distance between the bottom of the casing 1 and the photolysis layer 5.
- a water inlet 114 is formed in the lower part of the side wall of the casing 1, and water is introduced from the water layer 9 into the casing through the inlet 114.
- FIG. 5 the opening 118 is formed at the bottom of the casing 1.
- FIG. A casing with a closed bottom as shown can also be used.
- the present invention has been described above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the embodiments.
- a structure other than that described in the first embodiment can be used.
- porous glass, a sintered body or a binder of inorganic oxide particles can be used.
- the porosity / pore size is not limited to a range particularly preferably defined by the structure.
- the light-to-heat conversion layer 3 made of a metal thin film is formed on the lower surface of the water layer 4, but the light-to-heat conversion layer 3 is not limited to this. In the case where the light-to-heat conversion layer 3 is in contact with the light-to-heat conversion layer 3, it can easily absorb heat energy.
- the light-to-heat conversion layer 3 is not necessarily provided. For example, when the light-to-heat conversion layer 3 is disposed on a roof where heat is absorbed, the water layer can be heated by heat from the roof, that is, heat from the outside. In such a case, it is not necessary to provide a light-to-heat conversion layer.
- the water layer can be heated by this alone to generate water vapor, so that the photothermal conversion layer is not necessarily required.
- the aqueous layer in the above embodiment uses pure water, in addition to this, for example, N a HC_ ⁇ 3 solution, N a 2 S_ ⁇ 4 7JC solution, aqueous solution of N a OHzK solution or seawater These can also be used to light these.
- the casing 1 is not limited to the above-described structure.
- the casing 1 may not be provided with the light transmitting window 12 and the entire surface of the casing 1 may be formed of a light transmitting material, for example, a transparent member.
- transparent may be either colored transparent or colorless transparent, but is preferably colorless and transparent from the viewpoint of transmitting light well.
- the cocatalyst R U_ ⁇ 2 1. 0% loaded with T i 0 2 photocatalyst particles, dispersed in the porous silica material to produce a photodegradable layer.
- Photocatalyst particles were produced as follows. First, 50 ml of an aqueous ruthenium chloride solution was added to 2.0 g of titanium dioxide, and evaporated to dryness. After that, it was dried at 1 1 0 ° C, the resulting dried product by 8 hours of heat treatment at 4 0 0 ° C in air, powdered 1.0 wt% R u 0 2 / T i 0 2 was obtained. Its average particle size was about 0.5 m.
- the obtained photocatalyst particles were mixed with tetramethoxysilane, ethanol, and an aqueous ammonia solution (0.1 normal) in a molar ratio of 1: 3: 3.
- the resulting suspension was suspended in a raw material solution prepared so as to have a viscosity of 4 and placed in a container to be gelled to obtain a solidified composite wet gel layer.
- the solvent inside the wet gel was replaced with acetone, and dried by supercritical drying to obtain a dry gel.
- the conditions for supercritical drying were as follows: carbon dioxide was used as a drying medium, and the pressure was gradually released after elapse of 4 hours under the conditions of a pressure of 12 MPa and a temperature of 50 ° C, and the temperature was lowered to atmospheric pressure.
- a porous silica material (average film thickness 0.5 mm) in which photocatalyst particles were dispersed was obtained.
- the carried amount of the photocatalyst particles was about 0.23 mg Z cm 3 .
- the photodecomposition layer prepared as described above was attached to a photodecomposition device as shown in Fig. 1, and a gas chromatograph was connected to the outlet. Subsequently, pure water 50 m 1 as the aqueous layer was supplied to the Ke in one single, 0. 13 3 Pa about the mouth one tally pump Ke in one single (i.e., 10 3 about the To rr) was evacuated to Argon gas was introduced at 1.3 ⁇ 10 4 Pa (about 10 OTorr). Then, sunlight was irradiated from above the device, and the amount of generated hydrogen was measured by gas chromatography. As a result, the amount of hydrogen generated was 210 mo ⁇ / kW-h when converted to the amount of sunlight.
- a photodecomposition layer was removed from the above apparatus, and instead, a photocatalyst particle was prepared by dispersing it in pure water. After evacuation, argon gas 1. 3 XI 0 4 Pa (about l O OTo rr) was introduced, was sunlight irradiation in the same manner as described above. As a result, the amount of generated hydrogen was 20 mo 1 ZkW ⁇ h.
- a photolytic layer was formed in the same manner as in Example 1.
- a water photolysis device capable of effectively utilizing solar energy to promote the photolysis reaction of water and further suppressing the reverse reaction, thereby efficiently obtaining hydrogen and nitrogen.
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JP2005504054A JP3787686B2 (ja) | 2003-03-26 | 2004-03-23 | 水の光分解装置および光分解方法 |
US12/418,202 US7909979B2 (en) | 2003-03-26 | 2009-04-03 | Water photolysis system and process |
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US10/898,967 Continuation US20050000792A1 (en) | 2003-03-26 | 2004-07-27 | Water photolysis system and process |
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Also Published As
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US20090188783A1 (en) | 2009-07-30 |
JPWO2004085306A1 (ja) | 2006-06-29 |
US7909979B2 (en) | 2011-03-22 |
US20050000792A1 (en) | 2005-01-06 |
JP3787686B2 (ja) | 2006-06-21 |
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