WO2004031385A1 - ヒト人工染色体(hac)ベクター - Google Patents
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a human artificial chromosome (HAC) vector and a production method thereof.
- the present invention also relates to a method for introducing foreign DNA using a human artificial chromosome vector and a method for producing foreign DNA-expressing cells.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a protein.
- Vectors for introducing and expressing foreign genes in mammalian cells are not only an essential tool in basic life science research, but also in the resulting industries (eg mass production of pharmaceuticals) and medicine (eg gene therapy). It has played an important role in practical application. Advances in genetic engineering since the late 1970s have facilitated the isolation and amplification (gene cloning) of specific gene DNA fragments in E. coli and yeast. Traditionally, cloned DNA has been used for gene transfer into mammalian cells.
- an artificial expression unit in which a promoter capable of functioning in mammalian cells and a poly-A addition site are linked to the coding region of the gene (cDNA) to be expressed, or in addition to the coding region Escherichia coli plasmids (up to 20 kb: circular), cosmids (up to 40 kb: circular), bacterial artificial chromosomes (BAC; up to 200 kb), including genomic DNA fragments including the original promoter and poly A addition site It is widely used to produce yeast artificial chromosomes (YAC; longest 1Mb: linear) in a circular or linear form, and transfer or inject them into cells.
- YAC yeast artificial chromosomes
- the introduced vector DNA does not contain a mammalian origin of replication, the vector cannot be replicated after being introduced into the cell, and is lost as the cell divides. become transient.
- the origin of replication when included, multiple copies are temporarily made in the cell, but since it is not evenly distributed to the daughter cells accompanying cell division, it is gradually lost in the absence of selective pressure. Therefore, also in this case, the expression is transient. It is possible to select a cell line that constitutively expresses the transgene by simultaneously introducing a drug resistance gene and applying selective pressure by the drug. In this case, the introduced gene is integrated into the host cell chromosome. (Integration) This integration affects both the transgene and the host chromosome.
- One method for solving such problems is to construct an artificial chromosome that can replicate / distribute autonomously using animal cells containing baboons as hosts, and introduce genes into animal cells using this as a vector. That is.
- HAC Human Artificial Chromosome
- the purpose is to construct a HAC, and the insertion of foreign genes has not been studied.
- a chromosome itself is a collection of genes and has the elements necessary for autonomous replication and distribution.
- the use of a single chromosome or fragment thereof as a gene transfer tool for the purpose of introducing a large Mb-unit gene that exceeds the capacity of existing cloning vectors such as YAC is realized by the micronucleus fusion method.
- Human embryonic stem cells can be transfected with human chromosomes 14, 22, and 22 containing antibody genes to produce chimeric individuals, the transferred antibody genes can function in individuals, and human chromosome fragments can be expressed as quinula. It has been shown to be stably maintained in individuals and to be transmitted to the next generation via the germ line (Tomizuka et al., Nature Genet.
- Chromosome fragment derived from radiohybrid cells (2-3 Mb) is stably retained in hamster cells and contains human chromosome 1 centromere, part of its long arm and SDHC (succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit 0 gene) G418 resistance gene was inserted by homologous recombination in the SDHC region X-ray cell fusion was performed using mouse cells (L and 3 T 3) to obtain G 4 18 resistant hybrid cells (All et al., Cytogenet. Cell Genet. (Switzerland), 86, p.194-203, 1999) The structure of this HA C is not clear because it uses a natural chromosome fragment.
- Homologous recombination was used for introduction into HAC, but introduction efficiency is low and versatility is not used Micronuclear cell fusion method is not used, so the host chromosome coexists in addition to the target chromosome fragment.
- telomere trancheon As a method for deleting a part of a chromosome, a technique for shortening a chromosome by introducing a cloned telomeric sequence by homologous recombination (telomere trancheon) has been reported (I tzhaki et al., Nature Gene t. (USA), Volume 2, p. 283-287, 1992). However, since somatic cells of many animal species have extremely low frequency of homologous recombination, it takes a lot of labor to obtain recombinants.
- the chicken cell line DT40 which undergoes high-frequency homologous recombination, can be used as a chromosome modification host to enable efficient chromosome modification (Kuroiwa et al., Ucleic Acids Res. ( UK), 26th, p. 3447-8, 1998). It has been reported that human X chromosome was transferred to DT40 cell line by micronucleus fusion method and telomere truncation was performed (Mills et al., Hum. Mol. Genet. (UK), Volume 8). , P. 751-761, 1999). A 2.4 Mb linear minichromosome was constructed by deletion of the short and long arms. The minichromosomes were stably retained in Hams and human cells, but copy number changes were observed. Only the stability of H A C has been confirmed, and a foreign gene has not been introduced into it for use as a vector.
- hamster cells are used as hosts for human Y chromosome telomere truncation.
- An example of the construction of a minichromosome of about 4 Mb that is shortened and stably maintained in the host cell has also been reported (Heller et al., PNAS (USA), No. 93, p.7125-7130, 1996).
- This minichromosome was transferred to mouse ES cells by the micronucleus fusion method, but was unstable. Because a mini-chromosome incorporating a mouse centromeric sequence by chromosome rearrangement has acquired stability in ES cells (Shen et al., Hum. Mol. Genet. (UK), Vol. 6, p.
- HAC as a vector as described above, it is important to establish a method for introducing a target gene into HAC.
- the construction of HAC itself is in the process of development, and the introduction of foreign genes has only been shown to be random insertion of drug resistance genes, and no detailed study has been made.
- the natural fragment S C 20 derived from human chromosome 14 isolated for the purpose of producing a mouse carrying the human antibody heavy chain gene has been confirmed to be stable and germline transmitted in the mouse.
- Cre (1 o XP) system was used to establish a method (chromosomal cloning) for cloning Mb-unit chromosomal regions (human chromosomes 2 and 22 including antibody light chain genes) by reciprocal translocation.
- HAC HAC that does not contain unnecessary genes and has a clear structure, but it is effective when applied to large genes that exceed the capacity of other cloning vectors (such as YAC) such as antibody genes. Demonstrated. In any case, 1) the structure is clear, unnecessary genes have been removed, 2) stable maintenance in cultured cells and individuals, and 3) easy introduction of foreign DNA.
- the H AC vector system has not been constructed so far. Disclosure of the invention
- An object of the present invention is to provide a human artificial chromosome vector that is stably retained in a cell, can easily insert a large foreign gene, and can be introduced into the cell, and a method for producing the same.
- the present inventor has 1) constructing a chromosome vector that does not contain extra genes and is stably maintained using animal cells as a host, and 2) a chromosome vector.
- a modified chromosome obtained by deleting a known gene from the long arm of human chromosome 21 was obtained, and after confirming the stability of DT 40 hybrid cells retaining this modified chromosome in long-term subculture,
- the 1 o xP sequence and hCMV promoter were inserted site-specifically into the proximal long arm and the GFP gene was introduced into the modified chromosome using the CreZ 1 o xP system, the expression of GFP could be confirmed.
- the present inventor has found that the above problems can be achieved by using a HAC vector constructed based on the human chromosome 21 fragment, and has completed the present invention. That is, the outline of the present invention is as follows.
- a human artificial chromosome vector characterized in that it comprises a human chromosome 21 fragment or a human chromosome 14 fragment from which the distal long arm and / or the distal short arm are deleted. I will provide a.
- the size of the human 21 chromosome fragment is about 2 to 16 Mb, preferably about 2 to 6 Mb.
- the distal long arm of human chromosome 21 is deleted, for example, in the 21 Q 11 region, preferably deleted in AL 1 6 3204.
- the distal short arm of human chromosome 21 is deleted, for example, in the 21 p region, preferably deleted in A L 163201.
- the size of human chromosome 14 fragment is about 2
- 0 Mb preferably about 19 Mb or less, more preferably 18 Mb or less. It is below.
- the distal long arm of human chromosome 14 is deleted, for example, in the 14Q region, preferably deleted in AL 1 5 7 8 5 8 and more preferably AL 5 Deleted at 1 2 3 1 0.
- the distal short arm of human chromosome 14 is deleted, for example, in the 14 p region, preferably deleted in the 14 p 12 region, and more preferably OR 4 H 12, OR 4 Q 4, RNR 2, OR4L l, RNU6 C, FDP SL 3, K 1 2 T, C 14 orf 5 7, OR 6 S l, M 1 9 5, OR 4 1 4, MGC 2 7 1 6 5, LCH, OR 1 0G3, OR4K3, OR4E2, H1 RNA, ATP5C2, ORllH6, and OR4M1 are deleted at any one position selected from the group.
- the human artificial chromosome vector according to the present invention comprises a recognition site for a site-specific recombinase on the long arm proximal and / or short arm proximal of human chromosome 1 or human chromosome 14.
- the recognition site for the site-specific recombinase is AL 1 6 3 20 3 proximal to the long arm of human 21 chromosome 1 or AL 1 5 7 proximal to the long arm of human chromosome 14.
- Proximal to 8 5 more preferably, proximal to the deletion position in AL 5 1 2 3 10, or in the 14 p 1 2 region proximal to the short arm of human chromosome 14 Inserted proximal to the deletion position.
- the site-specific recombinase is a Cre enzyme, and the recognition site for the site-specific recombinase is a L o x P sequence.
- the long arm distal and Z or short arm distal deletion is by replacement with an artificial telomere sequence.
- a method for producing a human artificial chromosome vector comprising the following steps:
- a cell having high homologous recombination efficiency is used as a cell having the human chromosome 21 or human chromosome 14.
- the cells with high homologous recombination efficiency are derived from chicken DT0 cells.
- step (b) the deletion of the long arm distal and the Z or distal short arm of human chromosome 21 or human chromosome 14 is performed by substitution with an artificial telomere sequence.
- the distal long arm of human 21 is deleted in AL 163204 and the distal short arm is deleted in AL 1 6320 1.
- the long arm distal position of human chromosome 14 is deleted in the 14Q region, and the short arm distal is deleted in the 14p12 region.
- the long arm distal of human chromosome 14 is deleted in AL 1 57 858, more preferably AL 51 2310, and the short arm distal is OR 4 H 1 2, OR 4 Q 4, RNR.
- the site-specific recombinase is a Cre enzyme, and the recognition site for the site-specific recombinase is a LoxP sequence.
- the recognition site for the site-specific recombinase is, for example, AL 1 63203 proximal to the long arm of human chromosome 21, proximal to AL 1 57858 of human chromosome 14, more preferably AL 5123 1 It can be inserted proximal to the deletion position at 0, or proximal to the deletion position in the 14p12 region near the short arm of human chromosome 14.
- the present invention in its third aspect, provides a human artificial chromosome vector obtained by the above production method.
- the present invention provides a cell that retains the human artificial chromosome vector.
- the present invention further provides a method for producing a human artificial chromosome vector containing foreign DNA, characterized in that the method further comprises the following step (d):
- the present invention is a human artificial chromosome vector comprising exogenous DNA obtained by the production method described above.
- the present invention provides a cell retaining a human artificial chromosome vector containing foreign DNA.
- the present invention further provides, in an eighth aspect thereof, a pharmaceutical composition comprising cells that retain the human artificial chromosome vector containing the foreign DNA.
- exogenous DNA is erythropoietin (EP ⁇ ), thrombopoietin (TPO), blood coagulation factor, von Willebrand factor (VWF), dystrophin, dopamine synthase, insulin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF) ), Insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP), antibody, telomerase, granulocyte colony stimulating factor, granulocyte 'macrophage colony-stimulating factor, immune globulin, growth hormone, interleukin 2, interleukin 3, interleukin 4, Interleukin 5, Interleukin 6, Interleukin 7, Interleukin 8, Interleukin 9, Interleukin 1 0, Interleukin 1 1, Interleukin 1 2, Interleukin 1 5, CD 40 ligand, interferon, adenosine A-1 antitrypsin
- the recipient cell is an animal cell, preferably a mammalian animal cell.
- the recipient cells may be multipotent cells such as embryonic stem cells (ES cells), stromal stem cells and tissue stem Z precursor cells.
- ES cells embryonic stem cells
- stromal stem cells stromal stem cells
- tissue stem Z precursor cells tissue stem Z precursor cells.
- the recipient cell is an animal cell, preferably a mammalian animal cell.
- the recipient cells may be multipotent cells such as embryonic stem cells (ES cells), stromal stem cells and tissue stem / progenitor cells.
- ES cells embryonic stem cells
- stromal stem cells tissue stem / progenitor cells.
- the present invention still further provides, in the first aspect, a method for producing a protein comprising the following steps:
- the protein includes, for example, erythropoietin (EPO), thrombopoietin (TPO), blood coagulation factor, eighth factor, ninth factor, von Willebrand factor (VWF), Mouth fins, dopamine synthase, insulin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF), insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP), antibody, telomerase, granulocyte colony stimulating factor, granulocyte / macrophage colony stimulus Factor, Immunoglobulin, Growth Hormone, Interleukin 2, Interleukin 3, Interleukin 4, Interleukin 5, Interleukin 6, Interleukin 7, Interleukin 8, Interleukin 8, Interleukin 9, Interleukin Leukin 1 0, Interleukin 1 1, Interleukin 12, Interloy Kin 15, CD40 ligand, Inferione Ferron, adenosine deaminase, ⁇ _1 antitrypsin, ornithine transc
- EPO erythro
- human artificial chromosome vector or “HAC vector” refers to an artificial chromosome prepared based on a human chromosome.
- human chromosome refers to a complex of a natural DNA derived from a human cell and a protein. There are 23 normal human chromosomes (46 for males) and 46, each of which is known to contain about 50-300 Mb of DNA.
- a “human chromosome fragment” is a part of a chromosome that can be stably replicated and distributed as an independent chromosome. This refers to a fractional fragment, usually 1 Mb or larger, but sometimes smaller.
- long arm and “short arm” with respect to the chromosome refer to the arm (arm) on both sides of the centrum on the chromosome, and the long arm (Q) and short arm ( P).
- distal long arm and proximal long arm are the region on the long arm that is far from the centromere (ie, the telomere side) and the region that is close to the centromere (near) Meaning).
- the long arm distal is the telomeric side than AL 1 6 3 2 0 4 and the long arm proximal is the centromeric side than AL 1 6 3 2 0 3
- the long arm is distant from the AL 1 3 2 6 4 2 and the proximal long arm is the centromere from the AL 1 5 7 8 5 8.
- distal short arm and proximal short arm mean a region on the short arm far from the center (distal) and a region close to the centromere (near).
- distal and short arm positions are bounded by AL 1 6 3 2 0 1
- liposomal RNA There is a boundary in the region.
- site-specific recombinase and “recognition site of site-specific recombinase” mean that a certain enzyme recognizes a specific recognition site and specifically sets a DNA group at that recognition site. It is a term used for a phenomenon that causes recombination, and refers to an enzyme that causes recombination in a site-specific manner and a site recognized by the enzyme.
- artificial telomere sequence refers to an artificially added telomere sequence.
- an artificial telomere sequence can be added by telomere truncation.
- foreign DNA refers to DNA introduced from the outside into the target cell, and genes and other functions that are desired to be expressed for substance production and functional modification or functional analysis. This means DNA that codes a sequence (for example, a promoter sequence) and may be of the same type or a different type.
- donor cell and “receptor cell” refer to a cell (donor cell) that first holds the vector when a human artificial chromosome vector is transferred or introduced, and the vector from the donor cell. A cell into which one is transferred (receptor cell).
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an outline of a method for shortening the distal long arm of human chromosome 21 by telomere truncation.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the results of a PCR analysis showing that the distal long arm of human chromosome 21 was deleted in puromycin-resistant DT 40 strain.
- FIG. 3 is a photograph showing the results of Southern blot analysis showing that the distal long arm was deleted in the puromycin-resistant DT 40 strain, that is, the artificial telomere sequence was introduced site-specifically.
- FIGS. 4 a and b are photographs showing the results of FISH analysis showing that the distal long arm was deleted in the puromycin resistant strain DT40.
- Figure 4a shows the human chromosome 21 (arrow) retained in DT 40 cells
- Figure 4b shows the human chromosome 21 fragment (arrow) with the long arm removed.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an outline of a method for site-specific insertion of a 1 oxP sequence proximal to the long arm of human chromosome 21 from which the distal long arm is deleted.
- FIGS. 7 a and b are photographs showing the results of FI SH analysis showing that human chromosome 21 (fragment) is retained in the blastcidin-resistant CHO-K1 strain.
- Figure 7a shows the full length human chromosome 21 before telomere truncation
- Figure 7b shows the human 21 chromosome fragment with the long arm distal removed.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an outline of a method for site-specific insertion of a GFP construct into the 1 o XP sequence proximal to the long arm of human chromosome 21.
- FIG. 9 is a fluorescence micrograph showing GFP expression in G418 resistant CHO-K1 strain.
- FIG. 10 is a photograph showing the results of Southern plot analysis showing that site-specific recombination occurred in the 1 o x P sequence in the G 418 resistant C H 2 O-K 1 strain.
- Fig. 11 shows that the short arm of chromosome 21 is shortened by telomere truncation. It is a figure which shows the outline
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the results of PCR analysis showing that the short arm distal position of human chromosome 21 was deleted in hygromycin-resistant DT 40 strain.
- FIG. 13 is a photograph showing the results of Southern plot analysis showing that the distal short arm was deleted in the hygromycin-resistant DT40 strain, that is, the artificial telomere sequence was introduced site-specifically.
- FIG. 14 is a photograph showing the results of PCR analysis showing that the distal short arm was deleted in the hygromycin resistant DT 40 strain, that is, the artificial telomere sequence was introduced site-specifically.
- Figures 15a and b are photographs showing the results of FISH analysis showing that the distal short arm was deleted in the hygromycin resistant DT40 strain.
- Figure 15a shows human chromosome 21 (arrow) with the long arm retained in the DT40 cell
- figure 15b shows human 21 chromosome fragment with the long arm and short arm deleted (arrow). Indicates.
- Fig. 16 shows the results of human EPO produced in KH21 E cell culture supernatant retaining the same cell growth activity as that of recombinant human EPO protein (rhEPO).
- Figure 17 is a photograph showing the results of a FISH analysis showing that the human chromosome 21 fragment (arrow) is retained in the blasticidin-resistant HT 1080 cell line.
- FIGS. 18 a and b are a fluorescence micrograph (FIG. 18 a) and a phase contrast micrograph (FIG. 18 b) showing the state of GFP expression in the G 418 resistant HT 1080 strain.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing the results of a PCR analysis showing that a human 21st chromosome-derived HAC vector has been transferred into G418 or hygromycin-resistant E14 strain.
- FIGS. 20 a and b are photographs showing the results of FISH analysis showing that the human chromosome 21 fragment is retained in the drug resistant E14 cell line.
- Figure 20a shows a chromosomal fragment (arrow) with the distal long arm removed
- Figure 20b shows a chromosomal fragment (arrow) with the distal short arm removed.
- Figure 21 is a photograph showing the results of FI SH analysis showing that the human 21 chromosome fragment (arrow) is retained in the drug-resistant hi MS C cell line.
- Figures 22a and b show fluorescence micrographs showing the appearance of GFP expression when HAC-transfected ES cells were induced to differentiate into neurons in vitro ( Figure 22a) and fluorescence stained with antitubular 3 antibody. This is a photomicrograph (Fig. 22b).
- the present invention relates to a human artificial chromosome vector (hereinafter also referred to as “the present HAC vector”).
- the HAC vector is prepared based on human chromosome 21 or human chromosome 14 and has a long arm. It contains human chromosome 21 fragment or human chromosome 14 with distal and Z or distal short arm deleted.
- telomere sequence For human chromosome 21, the nucleotide sequence of the entire long arm and a part of the short arm excluding the centromeric region is published on public databases (for example, http://hgp.gsc.riken.go.jp/ chr21 / index.html (see Riken Genomic Sciences Center: Human Genome Research Group). By using such sequence information, it becomes possible to insert an artificial telomere sequence or a 1 o XP sequence described later in a site-specific manner by homologous recombination. In addition, deletion of the distal long arm results in approximately 48 Mb of chromosome 21 becoming approximately 16 Mb of 1Z3, and the removal of the distal long arm and distal short arm eventually results in approximately 2 Mb. HAC vectors that do not contain genes can be constructed.
- SC 20 is a region containing AL 1 37 2 2 9 (Gen Bank accession number) from the long arm telomeric sequence of human chromosome 14 and further centromeric AL 1 2 It holds the region from 24 to 26 kb from the telomere side of AL 1 5 7 8 5 8 (Gen Bank registration number) to 1 6 1 2 (Gen Bank registration number). Also, the area between AL 1 3 7 22 9 (Ge n Bank registration number) and AL 1 2 1 6 1 2 (Ge n Bank registration number), and AL 1 5 7 8 5 8 (G en Bank registration number) ) The region between centromeres from the telomere side 24-26 kb is deleted. On the other hand, the short arm region of human chromosome 14 is retained.
- SC 20 is stably maintained in cell lines including human cells and mouse individuals (Shinohara et al., Chromosome Res., 8: 713-725, 2000), and the liposomal R ⁇ region of SC 20 (human 14 In the modified SC 20 with the XP site inserted into the short arm of chromosome # 1)
- its stability was maintained (Kuroiwa et al., Nature Biotech. (USA), Vol. 18, p. 1086-1090, 2000).
- HAC in which about 10 Mb of chromosomal region derived from the unstable human chromosome 22 fragment is translocated to the 1 o XP site of the modified SC 20 is also used in mouse ES cells and mouse individuals. And stable.
- SC 20 contains multiple genes for the chromosome 14 14 Q 32 region, but by reducing SC 20 using the methods described herein, various cell types can be obtained. Thus, it is possible to obtain a HAC vector that is stably maintained and does not contain extra genes.
- This HAC vector is prepared based on human chromosome 21 or human chromosome 14 as described above.
- the creation of this HAC vector includes the following steps (a) to (c):
- this HAC vector For the preparation of this HAC vector, prepare cells that have human chromosomes (for example, human chromosome 21 or human chromosome 14). Such cells are preferably those that retain only human chromosome 21 or human chromosome 14 and have a high homologous recombination rate for subsequent manipulation. Therefore, in the present invention, firstly, cells satisfying these conditions are prepared.
- a cell having a human chromosome can be selected by selecting a clone having human chromosome 21 or human chromosome 14 from a known mouse A9 hybrid cell library having a single mouse chromosome. It can be prepared by transferring to cells with a high homologous recombination rate.
- the mouse A9 hybrid cell library holds a human single chromosome labeled with a drug resistance gene.
- WO 00Z1 0 3 8 3 Tanabe, H. et al. (Ciiromosome Res., 8 ⁇ : 319-334, 2000).
- mouse A 9 hybrid cells carrying human chromosome 1 and human chromosome 14 are registered in the Japanese Collection of Research Bioresources (J CRB) respectively with the registration number J CRB 2 22 1 (cell name A 9 (Hy gro 2 1))) and JCRB 2 2 14 (cell name A 9 (Hygro 14)), and detailed information and culture methods are available.
- J CRB Japanese Collection of Research Bioresources
- a cell having a high homologous recombination rate refers to a cell having a high frequency of homologous recombination when homologous recombination operation is carried out in the cell.
- DT 40 cells Dieken et al., Nature Genetics, 12: 174-182, 1996), mouse ES cells (Shinichi Aizawa, Biomanual Series 8, Gene Yui Getting, Yodosha, 1995), and the like.
- Chromosome transfer can be performed according to chromosome transfer methods known in the art.
- chromosome transfer methods known in the art.
- Koi et al. Koi et al.
- microcells induced by drugs that inhibit spindle formation in certain cells are isolated and fused with recipient cells to introduce a small number of chromosomes. See, for example, W09 7/0 7 6 71 and WO O 0/1 0 3 8 3 for specific procedures for transferring human chromosomes using this microcell method.
- Human 2 chromosome 1 or human 14 dye as above Cells that retain color bodies can be produced.
- a cell that retains a naturally fragmented chromosome such as a partial fragment of human chromosome 14 (SC 20)
- SC 20 a cell that retains a naturally fragmented chromosome, such as a partial fragment of human chromosome 14
- the DT-40 cell (SC 20) which retains the SC 20 chromosome fragment, is an independent administrative agency, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Patent Biological Deposit Center (1st, 1st East, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, Japan, 1st 6th). Was deposited internationally on May 9, 1980 and has been given the accession number F ERM BP-7 5 8 3.
- Chromosome deletion can be performed by a method known in the art, and is preferably performed, for example, by substitution (telomere truncation) with an artificial telomere sequence described in WOO 0/100383. .
- the specific procedure for deleting the long arm distal and Z or short arm distal is, for example, by constructing a targeting vector that holds an artificial telomeric sequence in a cell that holds a human chromosome, and homologous recombination To obtain a deletion mutant by telomere truncation after obtaining a clone in which an artificial telomere sequence is inserted at a desired position on the chromosome (Itzhaki et al., Nature Genet., 2: 283-287, 1992; and Brown et al., PNAS, 93: 7125, 1996).
- the desired position of the chromosome is the cutting position of the distal long arm or distal short arm to be deleted, and the artificial telomere sequence is replaced and inserted by homologous recombination at this position, and the long arm distal Or the distal short arm is removed (telomere truncation).
- the desired position can be appropriately set by designing the target sequence when constructing the targeting vector. For example, when deleting the distal long arm, 2 1 q 1 1 on human 21 A target sequence is designed in the region, preferably based on the base sequence of AL 1 6 3 204 (Gen Bank registration number), so that telomere truncation occurs on the telomere side of the target sequence. In the region where the target sequence is set.
- the target sequence when deleting the distal part of the short arm, should be designed based on the base sequence of AL 16320 1 (Genbank registration number), preferably in the 21P region on rabbit chromosome 21. Can do.
- the design of the target sequence is not limited to the above-mentioned region, and those skilled in the art can appropriately design so as to produce a desired HAC vector.
- a target sequence is designed based on the base sequence of the AL 1 57858 region, and the telomere truncation is located on the telomere side of the target sequence.
- the target sequence can be designed based on the base sequence.
- the design of the target sequence is not limited to the above-described region, and those skilled in the art can appropriately design so as to produce a desired HAC vector.
- the target sequence when deleting the long arm sequence of an intact human chromosome 14, is preferably based on the base sequence of 14Q region, preferably AL 5 1 231 0 (Gen nbank registration number).
- AL 5 1 231 0 Gene nbank registration number
- deleting the distal short arm for example, within the 14 p region on human chromosome 14, preferably within the 14 pl 2 region, more preferably OR 4H 1 2, ⁇ R4Q4, RNR 2, OR4L l , RNU6C, FDPSL3, K12T, C 14o rf 57, OR6 S l, M 19 5, OR 4 K 14, MGC27165, LCH, OR 10 G 3, OR 4 K 3 ⁇ R4E2, H1RNA, ATP 5C2, 0R11H6, or OR4M1 ( US National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) online genome database (ttp: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ ⁇ view / maps.cgi?
- NCBI National Center for Biotechnology Information
- the target sequence can be designed based on the base sequence of The design of the target sequence is not limited to the above-described region, and those skilled in the art can appropriately design so as to produce a desired HAC vector.
- a human chromosome fragment from which the long arm distal end and / or the short arm distal end is deleted is formed, and a cell retaining it is obtained. Such reduction in chromosome size can achieve cell stability.
- a site-specific recombinase recognition site is inserted into human chromosome 21 or human chromosome 14.
- This step (c) may be performed either before or after the step (b), and the order of these is not particularly limited. That is, in human chromosome 21 or human chromosome 14, the recognition site for the site-specific recombinase may be inserted after deleting the distal long arm and / or the distal long arm, or the site After inserting the recognition site for the specific recombinase, the distal long arm and / or the distal long arm may be deleted.
- an enzyme recognizes a specific recognition site and specifically causes DNA recombination at the recognition site.
- such an enzyme and a recognition site are known.
- Use the system for example, such a system is known as the C re / 1 o XP system (eg Sauer, B. et al., PNAS, 85: 5166 -5170, 1988).
- Cre is a 38 KD protein derived from pacteriophage P1 and belongs to the Int (integrase) family of recombinases. This enzyme recognizes the approximately 34 bp recognition site 1 o XP sequence and causes DNA recombination specifically at this site.
- This direction of the 1 o XP sequence is known to cause DNA deletion or translocation between two 1 o XP sequences.
- Other systems that recognize specific sequences and cause recombination reactions include budding yeast-derived recombinase FLP (Broach et al., Cell, 21: 501-508, 1980) and phage phi C 3 1-integrated (Thorpe et al., PNAS, 95: 5505-55 10, 1998), and it has been reported that DNA recombination reactions occur in mammalian cells (Koch et al., Gene, 249: 135). -144, 2000; Thyagaraj an et al., Mol. Cell. Biol., 21: 3926-3934, 2000).
- a known gene recombination method for example, homologous recombination method is used. be able to.
- a person skilled in the art can appropriately set the insertion position of the recognition site for the site-specific recombinase in consideration of the position of a gene that is not essential.
- a recognition site for a site-specific recombinase is inserted into any position of the human 21 chromosome or the human 14 chromosome at either the proximal position of the long arm or proximal position of the short arm.
- Such insertion positions include AL 1 6 3 2 03, which is proximal to the long arm for human chromosome 21, and AL 1 57 8 5 8, which is proximal to the long arm for human chromosome 14. (Ge nB ank registration number) more proximal, more preferably proximal to the long arm proximal to the deletion position in AL 5 1 2 3 1 0 (Ge nB ank registration number) or near the short arm of human chromosome 14 For example, the position proximal to the deletion position in the 14 p 12 region of the position.
- One or more of the recognition sites exemplified above may be inserted, or a plurality of recognition sites of different systems may be inserted.
- this HAC vector has a site-specific recombination enzyme recognition site.
- the introduction position of foreign DNA can be determined by setting the recognition site, the introduction position of the foreign DNA is constant, and there is no position effect.
- foreign DNA can be introduced easily.
- multiple foreign DNAs can be inserted sequentially by inserting multiple recognition sites of different systems.
- this HAC vector which has been prepared by modifying the human chromosome as described above, is generally inserted in vectors such as promoters and drug resistance genes. Sequence or element may be inserted. Such sequences or elements can be inserted into the desired location of the HA vector using homologous recombination methods as described above.
- the present inventor subcultured cells retaining the HAC vector (human chromosome 21 or human chromosome 14) prepared as described above in a medium not containing a selective agent for a long period of time. Furthermore, when the retention rate of the HAC vector was tested by the FI SH method, it was confirmed that the HAC vector was stably maintained in the host cells (for example, DT40 cells and CHO cells).
- the host cells for example, DT40 cells and CHO cells.
- step (d) foreign DNA can be introduced into this HAC vector by performing step (d) of inserting foreign DNA in the presence of a site-specific recombinase.
- step (d) is performed after step (c) described above, but the order with step (b) is not particularly limited, and can be performed before or after step (b). Therefore, it should be noted that the order of steps (b) to (d) is not limited to the order described in the specification.
- Foreign DNA refers to DNA introduced from the outside into the target cell, and is the DNA that encodes genes and other functional sequences.
- the foreign DNA to be introduced in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it encodes a gene desired to be expressed for substance production, functional modification or functional analysis, and other functional sequences.
- Other functional sequences are for gene expression For example, promoters, enhancers, signal sequences, etc.
- the exogenous DNA is introduced using the inserted site-specific recombinase system.
- a targeting vector is constructed that holds a 1 o xP sequence that is a recognition site for the Cre enzyme and foreign DNA.
- a cell holding this HAC vector human 21 chromosome 1 or human chromosome 14
- the region between the 1 o XP sequence and the artificial telomere sequence The exogenous DNA can be inserted into the HAC vector by site-specific recombination with the above-mentioned targeting vector (Kuroiwa et al., Nature Biotech., 18: 1086, 2000).
- circular DNA carrying the recognition site ( ⁇ sequence) of the site-specific recombinase can be inserted.
- the HAC vector containing foreign DNA constructed by inserting foreign DNA into this HAC vector has the possibility of changing the stable structure due to its insertion.
- the size of the foreign DNA to be introduced (inserted) is usually about 10 Mb to about 1 kb, preferably about 3 Mb to about 2 kb, more preferably about It can be 1 Mb to about 3 kb.
- cDNA compulsory expression vectors there are many cases in which cell lines that constantly express the transgene cannot be obtained due to side effects such as cytotoxicity and growth inhibition caused by overexpression. In order to overcome this problem and maintain the physiological expression pattern and to artificially control the expression, it is desirable to apply a gene expression induction system using tetracycline or the like.
- the HAC vector features that the insert size that can be introduced is large and that a certain number of copies can be maintained stably are suitable for such purposes.
- Tissue-specific z-physiological gene expression is controlled at each stage of transcription from the genomic region encoding the gene, editing of the transcript, export to the nucleus, and translation. It is known that tissue-specific isoforms are expressed when there are multiple promoters for one gene and transcription initiation sites are different, or variations occur in splicing. Cloned cDNA is just one of several transcript variants from a single gene. In order to reproduce physiological gene expression, it is desirable to introduce a gene region containing regulatory sequences as genomic DNA. The use of this HA C vector is suitable for this purpose.
- Site-specific recombination between 1 o XP sequences by Cre enzyme causes an insertion reaction in the case of linear chromosomes and circular inserts (foreign DNA). A translocation reaction occurs. If this is used, it cannot be cloned into a circular insert.
- the insertion of exogenous DNA into this HAC vector utilizes positive selection using reconstitution of drug resistance genes as an index (positive selection of recombinants).
- positive selection of recombinants for details, see WO 00Z10383.
- negative selection such as thymidine kinase / ganciclovir system.
- the circular DNA to be inserted only needs to contain the 1 o XP sequence.
- the BAC library used in the Genome Project contains 1 o XP sequences, so if such a negative selection system can be established, genomic clones with known sequences can be easily inserted into the HAC vector. Become.
- the 1 o XP sequence preferably used in the present invention is a wild type sequence derived from the P 1 phage, and the insertion reaction of the circular insert into the 1 ox P sequence on the HAC vector by Cre enzyme is reversible. is there.
- constitutive inserts were obtained by transiently expressing the Cre enzyme and selecting site-specific recombinants using drug resistance as an indicator. .
- the Cre enzyme is expressed again, a reverse reaction (circular insert excision) may occur, making it difficult to further modify the HAC vector, such as inserting the insert secondarily.
- the insertion position of the foreign DNA was determined in advance in the 1 o XP site introduced into the host chromosome, and the plasmid vector was obtained from the Cre-1 ox P recombination reaction.
- the plasmid vector was obtained from the Cre-1 ox P recombination reaction.
- the expression unit of the target gene (using EPO) is ligated in multiple copies and arranged in parallel, and introduced at a predetermined position (1 ox P site) on the HAC vector. Copy without mutating the host chromosomes. One-number-dependent expression control can be performed.
- the method of the present invention it is possible to introduce multiple copies of a target gene as a foreign DNA into a desired cell, and to express the target gene in the cell in a copy number-dependent manner.
- the transgenic animal produced in this way it is possible to achieve the copy number-dependent expression of the target gene, which has been difficult in the past, without being affected by the position effect.
- the cell to be transferred to is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include animal cells (mammalian cells).
- animal cells mammalian cells
- CHO cells are known to efficiently form microcells (for example, Koi et al., SCIENCE 260: 361, 1993), which makes this HAC vector different from CHO cells (cells other than CH0 cells). It is also possible to transfer to.
- the HAC vector can also be transferred to a multipotent cell.
- the “cell having multipotency” means a cell that can be differentiated into a specific cell or tissue by a predetermined operation.
- cells that can be differentiated into two or more types of cells or tissues of a chimeric animal such as embryonic stem cells (ES cells) Sexual germ cells (EG cells), embryonic tumor cells (EC cells), etc. are included.
- ES cells embryonic stem cells
- EG cells sexual germ cells
- EC cells embryonic tumor cells
- TGF transforming growth factor
- mesenchymal cells Example: mesenchymal cells.
- embryonic stem cell is also referred to as an ES cell, and means a cultured cell derived from an early embryo characterized by being able to proliferate while maintaining undifferentiated (totipotent) .
- embryonic stem cells are not present inside blastocysts in the early embryos of animals. It is a cell line established by culturing cells of inner cell mass, which are differentiated stem cells, and continuing to proliferate while maintaining an undifferentiated state.
- the “embryonic germ cell” is also called an EG cell, and means a cultured cell derived from a primordial germ cell characterized by having approximately the same ability as the embryonic stem cell.
- Embryonic germ cells should be grown several days to several weeks after fertilization, for example, in the case of mice, primordial germ cells obtained from embryos that have passed about 8.5 days, and continue to proliferate while remaining undifferentiated. An established cell line. In addition, it is considered desirable to use normal cells rather than immortalized cells as a material for gene cell therapy and tissue regeneration therapy for humans from the viewpoint of safety to avoid canceration. ing. There are many examples of chromosomal transfer to immortalized cells and cancerous cells in humans and other animals.
- a human chromosome 14-derived fragment or a human chromosome 21-derived HAC vector can be transferred to human normal fibroblasts.
- the method of the present invention enables transfer of human chromosome 14-derived fragments or human chromosome 21-derived H A C vectors to human normal somatic cells other than fibroblasts.
- the human chromosome-derived HAC vector produced according to the method of the present invention can be transferred to chick normal somatic cells without being restricted to human chromosome 14 or human chromosome 21.
- Transfer of HAC vectors to cells can be performed using the microcell method.
- the microcell method can be carried out as described in the section “1. Production of a human artificial chromosome (HAC) vector” above.
- human cells can be used at any stage before, during, or after the step of modifying human chromosomes from the cells that originally prepared human chromosomes.
- Chromosomes (HAC vectors) can be transferred to other cells.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a basic tool called Vector 1 and its utilization technology, and it is expected to have a ripple effect in a very wide range of fields from scientific research to industry.
- There is no restriction on the length of the DNA that can be introduced there is no restriction on the length of DNA that can be introduced at the same time). It is envisioned that it will be able to do many things that were impossible with the first vector.
- the main uses of this HAC vector include, but are not limited to: (1) Vectors for analyzing gene functions in animal cultured cells, (2) Human disease gene therapy vectors, (3) Human organ stem cells, Vectors for the introduction of genes into embryonic stem cells (ES cells), 4 Vectors for the production of transgenic animals (eg, human disease model animals, humanization of specific genes combined with KO animals), etc. It is done. Examples of applications of this HAC vector are as follows: (1) introduction of foreign DNA into recipient cells, (2) production of cells that express foreign DNA, (3) protein production, (4) gene function analysis Vectors, (5) vectors for gene transfer into stem cells, (6) vectors for preparing culture feeders, and (7) vectors for treating human diseases.
- This HAC vector can be used to introduce foreign DNA into cells or to introduce foreign DNA.
- the transferred HAC vector can be transferred to other cells, so that foreign DNA can be introduced into desired recipient cells.
- Introduction of foreign DNA into recipient cells includes, for example, the following steps:
- Steps (a) to (d) can be performed as described above, and the order in which the steps are performed is not limited to this.
- the chromosome fragment is transferred from the donor cell holding the rabbit chromosome to the recipient cell using the microcell method.
- Human chromosomes to be transferred can be those before, during or after the modification of chromosomes in steps (b) to (d).
- the chromosome may be transferred from the donor cell holding the human chromosome to the recipient cell using the microcell method. Thereafter, the foreign DNA can be inserted into the recipient cell in step (d), and the recipient chromosome can hold the human chromosome into which the foreign DNA has been inserted.
- the microcell method can be performed as described in “1. Preparation of human artificial chromosome (HAC) vector” above.
- the recipient cells used here are not particularly limited, but animal cells, particularly mammalian cells (eg, mouse cells, human cells, etc.) are preferred. It is also possible to use cells having multipotency as described above, such as embryonic stem cells (ES cells), stromal stem cells, tissue stem Z precursor cells, and the like as recipient cells.
- step (g) it is confirmed whether or not foreign DNA has been introduced (transferred) into the recipient cell.
- This confirmation can be performed by a method known in the art. For example, introduction of foreign DNA can be confirmed by Southern blot analysis using a probe corresponding to the restriction enzyme site of foreign DNA. .
- this HAC vector can insert foreign DNA in a cell, or transfer a HAC vector into which a foreign DNA has been inserted, into another cell. Can also be produced. Production of cells expressing foreign DNA includes, for example, the following steps:
- Steps (a) to (f) A step of selecting cells expressing foreign DNA in the fused recipient cells. Steps (a) to (f) can be performed as described above, and the order in which the steps are performed is not limited to this.
- step (g) confirm the expression of foreign DNA in the recipient cells, and select cells that express the foreign DNA. Confirmation of the expression of the foreign DNA can be carried out by a technique known in the art, such as the Northern blot method using a probe corresponding to the foreign DNA.
- Steps (a) to (f) can be performed as described above, and the order in which the steps are performed is not limited to this.
- the recipient cells fused in step (f) are cultured in a medium.
- the medium for culturing the recipient cells contains a carbon source, a nitrogen source, inorganic salts, etc., and any medium can be used as long as the above recipient cells can be cultured efficiently.
- a person skilled in the art can select an appropriate medium and prepare a medium with appropriate modifications if necessary.
- aerobic conditions such as shaking culture or aeration and agitation culture, temperature, pH, culture period, etc. are set appropriately.
- “Culture” means not only the culture supernatant but also cultured cells or cell disruptions.
- the protein is extracted by ultrasonic disruption treatment, polishing treatment, pressure crushing, etc., by a conventional method. Add a protease inhibitor if necessary.
- the culture solution itself can be used. Then, this solution is filtered, centrifuged, etc. to remove the solid portion, and if necessary, nucleic acid is removed by prototamine treatment or the like.
- the protein solution is subjected to various chromatography, electrophoresis, etc. to obtain a purified enzyme preparation. For example, gel filtration using cefadex, ultragel or biogel, ion exchange chromatography, electrophoresis using polyacrylamide gel, fractionation method using affinity mouthmatography, reverse phase chromatography, etc. By selecting or combining these, a purified target protein can be obtained. But on The culture method and the purification method are examples, and are not limited thereto.
- the protein to be produced is not particularly limited as long as it is a protein that is desired to be produced.
- E PO erythropoietin
- TPO thrombopoietin
- VWF Von Willebrand factor
- dystrophin dopamine synthase
- insulin insulin-like growth factor
- IGF insulin-like growth factor binding protein
- IGFBP insulin-like growth factor binding protein
- telomerase granulocyte colony stimulation Factor
- granulocyte / macrophage colony monostimulating factor immunoglobulin, growth hormone, interleukin 2, interoral kinkin 3, interleukin 4, interleukin 5, interleukin 6, interleukin 7, interleukin 8, in Evening leukin 9, interleukin 10, interleukin 1 1, yn evening leukin 1 2, yn evening leukin 1 5, CD 40 ligand, interferon, adenosine deaminase, ⁇ _1 anti-lips
- this HAC vector can be used to analyze gene functions.
- Target gene expression by expressing double-stranded RNA (ds RNA) consisting of a sequence complementary to part of the base sequence encoding the target gene RNA interference is known, a technique that suppresses (see, eg, Elbashir et al., Nature, 411: 494, 2001; McCaffrey 3 ⁇ 4> Nature, 418: 38, 2002 for short interfering RNA (siRNA)) See also Shinagawa, T. et al., Genes & Development, 17: 1340-1345, 2003).
- siRNA short interfering RNA
- the expression number of the gene encoding the target molecule is changed and the number of copies is introduced into the HAC vector and transferred to a cell or the like (including tissues and individuals).
- a dose-dependent analysis can be performed based on copy number-dependent expression control.
- conditional or tissue-specific / physiological functional analysis is possible by using an expression induction system or genomic region for gene expression control.
- the HAC vector prepared by the method of the present invention is used as a vector for gene transfer into embryonic stem (ES) cells or mesenchymal stem cells (MS C). Can be used.
- the HAC vector can be stably present in ES cells or MSC for a long period of time.
- the HAC vector is stably maintained in tissue cells induced to differentiate from MSCs that retain the HAC vector prepared by the method of the present invention.
- the chromosome 21 fragment is transmitted in the next generation and human 21 chromosome fragment is differentiated in cells differentiated from ES cells in the tissue. Since it was confirmed that it was retained (Kazuki et al., J. Hum. Genet., 46: 600, 2000), in tissue cells induced to differentiate from ES cells transfected with the HAC vector prepared by the method of the present invention. It is considered that the HAC vector is stably maintained.
- the HA C vector prepared by the method of the present invention can be used for tissue stem Z progenitor cells such as bone marrow, blood, nerve, muscle, liver, kidney, skin, inner ear, etc. It can be used as a vector for gene transfer.
- hematopoietic stem cells and neural stem cells are collected from living tissue and cultured, not only stem cells but also progenitor cells and mature cells differentiated from stem cells are amplified at the same time, which is not preferable for clinical use (Tatsuyuki Konno, Experimental Medicine, 1 9 Volume 1 No. 5: 8 0-90, 2 0 0 1, Yodosha).
- factors involved in maintaining pluripotency include transcription factors (Niwa et al., Genes Dev., 12: 2048 , 1998; Matsuda et al., EMBO J., 18: 4261, 1999; Niwa et al., Nature Genet., 24: 373, 2000; Mitsui et al., Cell, 113: 631, 2003; Chambers et al., Cell, 113: 643, 2003 ) Can be used to maintain the pluripotency and to easily amplify the stem cells without mutating the host chromosome. is there.
- controlling the expression level of the molecules involved is an important factor in controlling the differentiation of stem cells.
- the expression level is 100% physiological expression level, the undifferentiated state is maintained. Differentiates into germ layers, and above 1550% differentiates into primitive endoderm (Niwa et al., Nature Genet., 24: 373, 2000).
- the method of the present invention is used. By introducing a gene expression ONZOFF induction system (for example, an expression induction system using tetracycline) into the prepared HAC vector, the expression level can be strictly controlled.
- a gene expression ON / OF F induction system for example, an expression induction system using tetracycline
- a differentiation inducing factor for example, an expression induction system using tetracycline
- tissue regeneration by stem cells the transplanted cells or donor-derived regenerated tissue functions as a part of the recipient individual for a long period of time (preferably a lifetime). Therefore, it is desirable to avoid as much as possible the operation that causes a cause (eg, gene mutation) that induces a Dna cell to deviate from physiological control such as canceration.
- this HAC vector can exist independently of the host chromosome, gene transfer can be performed without mutating the host chromosome. Further, as shown in Examples 13, 14, 18 and 19, it can stably exist in human cells, so that the target molecule can be stably expressed over a long period of time.
- a HAC vector in which a DNA fused with a target gene is introduced under a genomic sequence containing a genomic region or a tissue-specific expression control region that is physiologically expressed in a differentiated tissue is obtained.
- stem cells that have been prepared and transferred with the above-mentioned HAC vector it is possible to express the target molecule specifically in physiological Z tissue in the regenerated tissue.
- the HAC vector may be unnecessary if expression of the transgene is not required.
- the HAC vector-deleted clone after differentiation induction is not particularly limited, but it is possible to eliminate unnecessary HAC vectors by selecting, for example, drug resistance in selective culture as an index. .
- a culture additive gene into a culture support feeder cell by conventional methods, but mutation / position effect by random insertion into the host chromosome, expression inactivation, downstream gene expression by paralleling multiple copy expression units It is considered difficult to control and supply the desired level of expression for all factors due to such factors as attenuation.
- a HAC vector into which all (or part of) the DNA encoding these necessary factors has been introduced is prepared and transferred to a culture support feeder cell, so that recombinant proteins and the like can be obtained later. All necessary factors can be easily replenished by simple co-culture without adding.
- conditional expression control of these factors is possible by using a gene expression induction system.
- Viral and non-viral vectors have been studied in various ways for the treatment of baboon diseases.
- the induction of immune response the limit of the introduced DNA size, host chromosome insertion mutation, low introduction efficiency
- Low expression efficiency difficult to control expression level (Yoshifumi Kaneda, Clinical Immunity, 39: 551-558, 2003, Science Review, Takaya Ozawa, Gene Therapy, 1997, Yodosha) etc. Issues have been pointed out.
- As an issue common to all vectors there is a need to “control the desired expression level at the desired timing”.
- the strategy for gene cell therapy using the HAC vector is as follows: (1) supplementation of primary missing enzymes and proteins, (2) symptomatic treatment of supplementing secondary decreased metabolites, (3) new cells A method to add functions and increase cell survival (for example, in tissue regeneration using modified cells, the HAC vector is a physiological Z It is possible to control tissue-specific gene expression. This can also avoid side effects such as dysfunction due to overexpression or underexpression. ), (4) A method of eliminating a disorder of a degenerative disease that progresses in the form of gain function (for example, GDNF supplementation treatment in Parkinson's disease).
- the HAC vector can be used as a human disease treatment vector, and a pharmaceutical composition for administering a cell to a patient after transferring the HAC vector into which the foreign DNA for treatment has been introduced into the cell. It can be prepared as a product.
- human disease treatment vectors can be used not only for disease treatment but also for disease prevention.
- normal somatic cells are known to proliferate and divide after a certain number of divisions, and eventually die, that is, to age (Ide Toshinori, Experimental Medicine, Vol. 16, No. 8, No. 8: 1 8-24, 1 9 98, Yodosha).
- telomerase a repair enzyme of repetitive telomere located at the end of the chromosome, can suppress the shortening of telomeres observed during cellular senescence and prolong cell life by overexpression in normal cells ( B odnar et al., Science, 279: 349-352, 1 998). It has also been shown that telomerase does not lead to immortalization or canceration even when overexpressed in cells (Maikai Hiroshi, Experimental Medicine, Vol. 16, No. 18, Special Issue: 25-30, 1 998 Yodosha, Jiang et al., Nature Gent., 21: 111-114, 1999).
- the production of autoantibodies active neutralizing antibodies
- the method of administration to the patient is not particularly limited, the HAC vector introduced with the genome encoding the target protein prepared by the method of the present invention is transferred to a chick cell, for example, a normal human cell of the production tissue. This is transplanted to the patient.
- a chick cell for example, a normal human cell of the production tissue.
- donor lymphocyte infusion therapy As a treatment for relapsed leukemia, donor lymphocyte infusion therapy (Kolb et al., Blood, 76: 2462, applying transplanted lymphocytes to attack leukemia cells as tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells by graft-versus-leukemia response) 1990) is known.
- graft-versus-host disease in which transplanted cells attack and damage the recipient tissue, is known.
- One countermeasure against this is drug-inducibility of donor lymphocytes by retroviruses.
- Donor lymphocytes have been removed by suicide gene transfer and drug administration (Onodera et al., Genomic Medicine, 3:45, 2003, Medical Review) In the above method, the donor lymphocytes are mutated. There is a risk that
- the HAC vector produced by the method of the present invention can be used as a vector for gene transfer in immunity gene cell therapy that does not mutate the host chromosome. It can also be used as a vector for gene transfer in therapies aimed at promoting antitumor activity, such as immunostimulation therapy with CD40 ligand in lymphoma (Kato et al., Genomic Medicine, 3:53, 2003, Medical Review). Use Is possible
- a genomic region encoding a target antibody isolated from a hybridoma that produces the target antibody is introduced onto the HAC vector prepared by the method of the present invention, and the above HAC vector is transferred to, for example, a patient's hematopoietic stem cell or B cell. Later, by re-implantation to the patient, it is possible to supplement and supply fully human antibodies under physiological expression control. It is also possible to improve the patient's QOL by reducing the number of regular visits.
- Hemophilia A is a cognate recessive hereditary bleeding disorder caused by a blood coagulation factor 8 mutation
- hemophilia B is a blood coagulation factor 9 mutation.
- Replacement therapy by administration of factor 8 or factor 9 concentrates is effective as a treatment, but post-hemorrhage administration may cause serious symptoms, possibility of pathogen contamination in concentrates, autoantibodies by repeated administration ( There are many problems such as the occurrence of active neutralizing antibodies), the patient's QOL due to preparation for coping with hemorrhage at all times, and high medical costs.
- Conventional gene therapy research has been conducted with vector, but sufficient expression cannot be sustained for a long period of time, and a significant therapeutic effect has not been achieved.
- AAV Arus vector
- the gene encoding factor 8 spans about 1.5 Mb for the full-length genome and about 7 kb for cDNA.
- Full-length cDNA can be introduced with non-viral and adenoviral vectors, but the expression level is reduced, and with AAV vectors, the introduced DNA size is limited to about 4.9 kb or less. The inability to do so is an issue.
- an HAC vector into which DNA encoding blood coagulation factor 8 or factor 9 has been introduced can be produced.
- the administration method to a patient is not particularly limited, but the above-mentioned HAC vector can be supplemented by, for example, transferring to a human cell and then transplanting to the affected person.
- the administration method to the patient is not particularly limited, the HAC vector into which the above-described blood coagulation factor 8 or factor 9 genomic region has been introduced is transferred to, for example, a human cell, and then the patient suffering from the cell
- the factor can be supplemented by physiological tissue-specific expression.
- SCID Severe combined immunodeficiency disease
- X_S CID X-linked X_S CID
- the cause is a common chain mutation shared by receptors in the Inleukin 2 family.
- hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is performed, but recovery of humoral immunity is insufficient, and regular administration of immunoglobulin is necessary. Therefore, a solution by gene cell therapy in which a common chain is introduced into hematopoietic stem cells and transplanted is expected. Since 1999, clinical studies have been conducted on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in which a common chain is introduced by retrovirus.
- the method of the present invention it is possible to prepare a HAC vector introduced with DNA that codes for a common strand.
- the above HAC vector as a vector for gene introduction, it is possible to avoid the risk of mutation of vector sequence insertion into the host chromosome.
- the administration method to the patient is not particularly limited, the above-mentioned HAC vector is transferred to a human cell (for example, a normal hematopoietic stem cell derived from human bone marrow) and transplanted to a diseased patient. It is possible to ask for the complement of the defective function of the common ⁇ chain by expression. (E-3) Dischenne muscular dystrophy; DMD
- the dystrophin gene covers approximately 2.3 Mb for the full-length genome and 14 kb for cDNA.
- full-length cDNA can be introduced, but reduction of the expression level is a challenge (Liu et al., Mol. Ther., 4:45, 2001; DelloRusso et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 97: 12979, 2002).
- the size of the introduced DNA is limited to about 4.9 kb or less in AAV vector, the full-length gene cannot be introduced, and an immune reaction is induced in the skeletal muscle gene introduction experiment, resulting in decreased expression of the introduced gene product. Recognized issues (Yuasa et al., Gene Therapy, 9: 1576, 2002) exist.
- an HAC vector into which a genomic region encoding dystrophin is introduced By the method of the present invention, it is possible to prepare an HAC vector into which a genomic region encoding dystrophin is introduced.
- the administration method to the patient is not particularly limited, but the above HAC vector is transferred to human cells (for example, but not limited to autologous human normal myoblasts) and transplanted to the affected person.
- human cells for example, but not limited to autologous human normal myoblasts
- dystrophin supplementation by physiological tissue-specific expression can be performed.
- E-4 Although the target disease is not particularly limited, for example, the following monogenic diseases: 1 1 Antitrypsin deficiency, cystic fibrosis (CFTR), chronic granulomatosis, familial Hypercholesterolemia, Fanko 12 anemia, Gouache disease, Han Yue syndrome, Ornithine trans-force rubamylase deficiency, Purine nucleotide phosphorylase deficiency, ADA—SC ID, Leukocyte adhesion deficiency, Can
- the HAC vector into which the causative gene is introduced by the method of the present invention is prepared in avan disease, corpus callosum atrophy, Fabry disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, etc., and the administration method to the patient is not particularly limited.
- NCB I National Center for Biotechnology Information
- TPO Thrombopoietin
- the HAC vector into which the TPO genome is introduced by the method of the present invention is prepared and the administration method to the patient is not particularly limited, it is transferred to a human cell, for example, a production tissue cell, and physiological Z tissue-specific It is possible to suppress the production of autoantibodies by expressing and supplying TPO. In addition, the above can reduce the number of regular visits and improve the patient's quality of life.
- EPO Erythropoietin
- the HAC vector having the EPO genomic region introduced therein is prepared by the method of the present invention, and the administration method to the patient is not particularly limited, but it is transferred to human cells, for example, cells of the production tissue. It is possible to express and supply EPO specifically to physiological Z tissue. In addition, the above can reduce the number of regular visits and improve the patient's QOL. (F— 3) Parkinson's disease
- Parkinson's disease is a neurological disorder in which motor function is impaired by progressive degeneration of dopamine-synthesizing cells in the substantia nigra substantia nigra.
- L-DO PA administration for the purpose of supplementing deficient dopamine.
- problems such as the reduction of QOL, patient QOL limitation due to side effects, and dose reduction. These problems are caused by the fact that dopamine concentrations are not constant in the linear body and that L-DOP A that is administered acts outside the linear body. Therefore, a constant physiological expression of dopamine in the linear body is required. (Takeda et al., Medical Science Digest, 29:20, 2003, New Science).
- an HAC vector into which an enzyme group involved in dopamine synthesis or a GDNF genomic region has been introduced.
- the administration method to the patient is not particularly limited, but the above-mentioned HAC vector is transferred to human cells (eg, human normal neural stem Z progenitor cells) and transplanted to the affected person. Supplementation of transgene product by tissue-specific expression is possible. (F-4) Diabetes
- the target disease is not particularly limited, but for example, brain tumor, peripheral arterial disease (ischemia, etc.), chronic indirect rheumatism, arterial restenosis, elbow tunnel syndrome, coronary artery disease, Alzheimer's disease, ulcer, In pelvic fractures, kidney diseases, malignant tumors, etc.
- a HAC vector into which a gene encoding a substance considered to be necessary for disease healing is prepared according to the method of the present invention, and the method of administration to patients is
- it is possible to supplement and complement the defective molecule by, for example, transferring it to human cells and transplanting it into a patient.
- PBS-TELZPuro (Kuroiwa, Nucleic Acids Res., 26: 3447, 1998) was used as a telomeric lan- guage vector (targeting vector) for deleting the distal long arm of human 21 chromosome.
- a target sequence for insertion of a telomere truncation vector was designed from the base sequence of the long arm of human chromosome 21 (registration number AL 163204) obtained from Gen B ank overnight.
- the sequence of the primer oligonucleotide to which the restriction enzyme BamHI recognition sequence is added for PCR amplification is shown below:
- DT40 cells were seeded for 1 hour after seeding 1 X 10 8 cells in 2 holes of 6-hole cluster 1 (Nung) coated with 50 gZm 1 of poly L lysine (Poly_L_Lysine, Sigma) Pre-attach to the bottom.
- the microcell suspension was added to the mixture, allowed to stand for 3 minutes, the supernatant was removed, and the cells were treated with 50% (w / v) polyethylene glycol 150 ( ⁇ Shudiagnostakes) for 1 minute.
- the above DT40 hybrid cells are cultured, and puregene DNA Isolation kit (Gentra System) was used to extract genomic DNA.
- This genomic DNA was used as a saddle type, and the target sequence for recombination was amplified by PCR using the above primer.
- the thermal cycler used GeneAmp9700 (Applied Biosystems) went.
- the Taa polymerase is LA Tad (Takara Shuzo).
- the reaction condition is 95 ° C for 2 minutes and then denaturation 95. C 30 seconds, annealing / elongation 68 ° C 6 minutes 35 cycles.
- the amplified product was digested with the restriction enzyme BamHI (Nibonbon Gene), and the approximately 5 kb DNA fragment with a protruding end was separated by agarose gel electrophoresis and purified. This was cloned into the BamHI site of the PBS—TEL / Puro plasmid.
- the final PB S—TELZPuro construct size is approximately 10.6 kb.
- Figure 1 shows the telomere transcription vector, the target sequence, and the chromosomal allele resulting from homologous recombination.
- PBS-TELZPuro construct was converted to linearized DNA by digestion with restriction enzyme Eco RI and introduced into DT40 hybrid cells carrying human chromosome 21.
- the DT 40 hybrid cells 1 X 1 0 7 were suspended in PBS of 0. 75 m 1, having conducted the electronics Bok Robore one Deployment using Gene Pulser (Bio-Rad) under 25 ig DNA present.
- a capacitor of 25 ⁇ F was applied at 750 V and discharged using an electrorevolution cell with a distance of 4 mm between the electrodes.
- Electoporation cells were suspended in DMEM medium (manufactured by Impitrogen) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FB S), 1% chicken serum (Ch S), and 50 2-mercaptoethanol.
- Puromycin-resistant strain Genome DN A is a cocoon-type gene and STS marker (D 2 1 S 26 5, CBR, SIM 2, D 2 1 S 26 8, D 2 1 S 26 6, D 2 1 S 1 2 5 9) was detected by PCR.
- Other gene primer oligonucleotide sequences designed on the basis of nucleotide sequences obtained from the Ge nBank database are shown below:
- PRED65F 5'-GCCTGGCATCTTCCTCAATA (SEQ ID NO: 3)
- PRED65R 5'- TTGCATGCCTGTGGTACTGT (SEQ ID NO: 4)
- PRED3F 5'-TCACAATCATGGGCTTTGAA (SEQ ID NO: 5)
- PRED3R 5'-CACGCAACCATTTGTTCATT (SEQ ID NO: 6) Approximately 0.1 g of genomic DNA is used as a saddle, and the PRED 3 gene located at the proximal position of the cleavage site by homologous recombination is selected from PCR amplification (Innis et al., Supra) was carried out for a total of three types of markers, D 2 1 S 2 6 5 marker and D 2 1 S 2 6 6 marker, located at the same position. If the distal long arm is removed by telomere truncation, it is expected to retain the P RED 3 gene and not the D 2 1 S 2 6 5 marker and D 2 1 S 2 66 marker.
- the Resistance 3 Expected amplification results in 24 clones out of 54 clones. These 24 clones were subjected to PCR amplification with the remaining 7 markers to confirm the retention region of human chromosome 21.
- Figure 2 shows the representative results.
- Figure 2 shows a schematic chromosomal map based on the G band image of human 21st chromosome on the left side, and shows which band the marker is located on.
- P The marker that detected the expected amplification product by CR was a garden, and the marker that was not detected was indicated by mouth.
- DT 40 (# 2 1) is the cell prior to telomere truncation.
- a probe was set within the target sequence for homologous recombination (Fig. 1).
- the probe used was the oligonucleotide primer pair shown below, amplified by PCR using the genomic DNA of DT40 hybrid cells carrying human 21st chromosome as a saddle, and then the PCR amplified fragment was isolated and purified.
- FI SH analysis was performed using the human specific probe Cot 1 (Gibco B RL) according to the method described in Matsubara et al. (FI SH experimental protocol, Shujunsha, 1994).
- FI SH experimental protocol Matsubara et al.
- shortened human chromosome 21 was detected in most of the observed mitotic figures.
- a typical FI SH image is shown in Figures 4a and b.
- the white arrow indicates the full length human chromosome 21 before telomere truncation
- Fig. 4b the white arrow indicates the human chromosome 21 fragment from which the distal long arm has been deleted.
- D the host From the relative size of the chromosome of T40 cells, it was confirmed that human chromosome 21 was shortened.
- P S F l (Lifetech) was used as the basic plasmid for inserting the 1 ⁇ X ⁇ sequence into the human artificial chromosome (HAC) prepared in Example 1.
- the base sequence of the long arm of human 21 which is the Lo x P insertion site was obtained from the Gen B ank database (registration number AL 1 6 3 20 3).
- the sequence of the primer oligonucleotide used to amplify the two target sequences for homologous recombination is shown below:
- the blasticidin resistance gene used for selection of homologous recombinants is a fragment of about 1.3 kb by digestion with restriction enzymes Xho I (Tibbon Gene) and Sail (Tibbon Gene) from PC MV / B sd (Invitrogen). And was cloned into the Xho I size of the above-mentioned p SF 1 construct.
- the final pSF1 construct is approximately 12.4 kb in size.
- Evening Fig. 5 shows the ingbetakuta, the target sequence, and the chromosomal allele resulting from homologous recombination.
- the pSF1 construct was linearized by digestion with the restriction enzyme Ap a I (Nibbon Gene) and introduced into the DT40 strain (DT40 (# 2 1) puro-339), which carries human chromosome 21 with the distal long arm deleted. .
- DT40 hybrid cells were suspended in 0.75 ml PBS in 1 ⁇ 10 7, and electoporation was performed using a gene pulser (BioRad) in the presence of 10 / ig DNA.
- a capacitor with a capacitance of 25 F was applied at 750 V, and discharged using an electrovole- tion cell with a distance between electrodes of 4 mm.
- Southern blot analysis was performed to screen for homologous recombinants.
- a probe was set outside the target sequence for homologous recombination.
- the probe used was the oligonucleotide primer pair described below, and amplified, isolated and purified by PCR using genomic DNA of DT 40 hybrid cells carrying human chromosome 21 as a saddle.
- 21L0X4869F 5'- GTTGCAGAAAAGTAGACTGTAGCAA (SEQ ID NO: 1 3)
- 21LOX5682R 5'- TCTAAGGAACAAATCTAGGTCATGG (SEQ ID NO: 14)
- About 10 g of genomic DNA extracted from the blasticidin resistant clone was digested with the restriction enzyme Xbal (Nibonbon Gene), and Southern plot analysis was performed (FIGS. 6A and B).
- the probe was labeled with 32 P, and the signal was detected with an image analyzer BAS 2 00 (Fuji Photo Film).
- the first lane from the left is the 1 o human before introduction of the XP site 2 DT 40 strain carrying chromosome 1
- the second lane is the host DT 40 cell line
- the 3rd and subsequent lanes indicate brassine-saidin resistant DT40 strain.
- restriction enzyme fragment length predicted from the nucleotide sequence is 7.6 kb for the homologous recombinant and 8.5 kb for the wild type (non-recombinant), and a total of 3 clones from the blastcidin resistant strain 8 2 (# We found homologous recombinants 6 0, # 7 8, and # 7 9).
- oligo primer pairs were designed on the chromosome and on the targeting vector, respectively. The position is indicated by an arrow in FIG. Its sequence is shown below: Left455F: 5'-GGGCTAGCCATTAAAGCTGA (SEQ ID NO: 15)
- Left638R 5'- AAAGGGAATAAGGGCGACAC (SEQ ID NO: 1 6)
- Rightll52R 5'-GTCAATTCACTAATTCCTATTCCCAGT (SEQ ID NO: 1 8) Genomic DNA was extracted from candidate clones found by Southern blot analysis and subjected to PCR, and the size predicted from the base sequence (left (A) 3, 2 8 3 bp And right side (B) 3, 1 1 4 bp) amplification product was confirmed. The results are shown in Figure 6B.
- Chromosome donor cells obtained in Examples 1 and 2 with the distal long arm deleted and inserted with 1 o XP sequence 2 DT 40 cells carrying the HAC vector based on chromosome 1 (DT 4 0 (# 2 1) bsd— 7 9) was used.
- a chromosome recipient cell a Chinese hamster-derived cell line CH ⁇ _K1 (obtained from ATC C, registration number J CRB 9 0 1 8) was used.
- microcells were prepared from about 10 9 DT 40 (# 2 1) bsd-79 cells.
- DT 40 (# 2 1) bsd— 79 cells cultured to a cell density of about 60-70% saturation contain culture medium containing colcemid (0.075 / X gZm1, demecorsin, Wako Pure Chemical Industries)
- Micronuclei were induced by culturing for 12 to 15 hours in (10% FBS, lC Ch S, 50 xM2 monomercaptoethanol, DMEM). The cells were collected by centrifugation, resuspended in serum-free DMEM, and seeded onto two 25 cm 2 centrifuge flasks (coaster) 1 previously coated with poly L-lysine.
- F I SH analysis was performed using a human specific probe C o t 1 (Gibco BRL) according to the method described in Matsubara et al. (F I SH experimental protocol, Shujunsha, 1994). Brass 1 and two of the CHO strains resistant to cidine (CHO (# 2 1) bsd 79-1 and CHO (# 21) bsd 79-3) were analyzed. Abbreviated chick chromosome 21 was detected. Typical F I SH images are shown in Figs. 7a and b. Fig. 7a shows the full length human chromosome 21 before telomere truncation, and Fig. 7b shows the human chromosome 21 fragment without the long arm.
- the obtained blasticidin-resistant CHO strain retains the human chromosome 21 fragment (HAC vector 1) with the long arm distal part deleted and the 1 o xP sequence inserted. It was confirmed to do.
- a human CHO cell (CHO (# 21) that retains the HAC vector based on chromosome 1 obtained in Example 3 with the long arm removed and inserted with a 1 o xP sequence. bs d- 79-1) was used.
- the human fibrosarcoma cell line HT 1 080 (obtained from ATCC, registration number CCL-1 2 1) was used as the chromosome recipient cell.
- a microcell was prepared from about 10 7 CHO (# 2 1) bsd- 79-1 cells. That is, CHO (# 21) bsd— 79— was cultured in six 25 cm 2 centrifuge flasks (coaster) until the cell density reached 60-70% saturation.
- Microcells were collected by suspending them in serum-free medium (DMEM), and purified by filtration through a filter. Purified micronucleated cells were added to a 6 cm-diameter dish in which HT 1080 cells were cultured to 80% saturation, and fused with a PEG solution. After 48 hours, the cells were dispersed by trypsin treatment and cultured in a selective medium (10% CS, DMEM) containing blasticidin (8 ng / m 1). After about 2 weeks of selective culture, drug-resistant colonies that emerged were isolated and subjected to further analysis. A total of 12 plus-cidin resistant HT 1080 strains were obtained from two micronucleus cell fusions.
- DMEM serum-free medium
- the transferred chromosome was confirmed by PCR amplification of the blasticidin resistance gene.
- the sequence of the oligonucleotide primer used is shown below.
- Bsd2687F 5'-CAACAGCATCCCCATCTCTG (SEQ ID NO: 19)
- Bsd2891R 5'-GCTCAAGATGCCCCTGTTCT (SEQ ID NO: 20)
- Chromosome analysis was performed by Giemsa staining according to the method described in Kuroki et al. (Cell engineering handbook, Yotsuya, 1992). About 20 metaphase chromosome images of 4 strains of HT 1 080 resistant to blasticidin (HT 1 080 (# 21) bsd 79-l-3, 6, 1 1, 14) were analyzed. In the blasticidin resistant strain, the parent strain HT 1 080 is not recognized, and the smaller size of the 21st chromosome. Two chromosomes were observed. From the above experiments (1) and (2), the obtained blasticidin-resistant HT 1 0 80 strain was obtained by deleting the distal long arm and inserting the 1 o XP sequence. AC vector) was confirmed.
- the non-selective medium for human cell lines was DMEM supplemented with 10% CS, and the selective culture medium was supplemented with 4 g / m 1 of blasticidin.
- the chicken cell line was seeded with 1.5 X 10 7 cells in a 10 cm diameter dish, and after 1 day, the cells were counted and seeded again with 1.5 X 10 7 cells in a 10 cm diameter dish. .
- Human cell lines were seeded 5. 0 X 1 0 5 cells in 1 0 cm-diameter dish were plated again 5. 0 X 1 0 5 cells 10 cm diameter Dates shoe by counting the cells after 3 days.
- the cell lines were collected 21 days, 42 days, 63 days, 84 days, 105 days and 1 26 days after the start of culture, and human cell lines were collected 10 days and 20 days later, and chromosome samples were prepared. .
- Human chromosome 21 fragment was stably maintained in DT 40 cells even when the number of divisions exceeded 200 under non-selective culture conditions. In addition, when 100 chromosome images at metaphase were observed and the number of human chromosomes per cell was counted, one was recognized without exception. On the other hand, the HT 1080 cell line is still being cultured, but at this time (number of divisions: 22), the chromosomal chromosome 21 fragment is stably maintained under selective culture conditions. In addition, observation of the chromosome image at the middle stage of cleavage revealed one or two chromosome parts per cell.
- a GFP expression plasmid containing 1 oxP sequence was prepared, and the recombinase was transiently expressed to insert it into the artificial chromosome by site-specific recombination between the 1 oxP sequences. did.
- the selection of recombinant inserts was based on the acquisition of G 4 18 resistance (reconstruction of promoter-division type neo gene expression unit).
- GFP expression vector P EGF P— C 1 (Clontech) was digested with restriction enzymes Gb LII and BamHI (Nibbon Gene) to isolate / purify a 4.7 kb DNA fragment, and DNA Ligation Kit Ver Self-circularized by .2 (Takara Shuzo).
- a recombinant plasmid was isolated by transformation of E. coli DH5 ⁇ to obtain a plasmid (P EGF P — C I A) from which 51 bp was deleted from GbLI to BamHI within the multiple cloning site.
- This P EGF P—C 1 ⁇ was used as a cage, and the expression unit of the EGF P gene was amplified by PCR.
- the sequence of the primer oligonucleotide prepared based on the base sequence (accession number U 5 5 7 6 3) obtained from the database of Gen Bank is shown below: EcoGFP5: 5 'One GGCCGAATTCCGTATTACCGCCATGCAT (SEQ ID NO: 2 1 )
- BamGFP3 5 'one CCGGGATCCCACAACTAGAATGCAGTG (SEQ ID NO: 2 2) Both ends of the amplified EG FP gene expression unit were digested with restriction enzymes Eco RI and BamHI (Nibbon Gene) to form overhanging ends, h A plasmid vector equipped with a CMV probe motor was cloned into EcoRI / BamHI site of PBS 2 26 (Lifetech). (2) Transfection and isolation of G 4 18 resistant clones
- the CHO cell (CH ⁇ (# 2 1) bsd 7 9-1) retaining the HAC vector derived from human 21 chromosome 1 prepared in Example 3 was trypsinized, and 5 X 1 0 6 cells were treated with 0.8 m 1 In phosphate buffer (PBS). 1 0 ig PBS 2 2 6 Electroporation was performed using Gene Pulser (Bio-Rad) in the presence of ZEGFP plasmid and 20 g of Cre enzyme expression vector PBS 1 85 (Lifetech). A capacitor having a capacitance of 25 F was applied at 750 V and discharged using an electroporation cell having a distance between electrodes of 4 mm.
- PBS phosphate buffer
- F 1 2 10 Omm tissue culture plastic dish (Falcon) containing Eagle F 12 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (hereinafter referred to as F 1 2; manufactured by Invitrogen). Sowing. Two days later, the medium was replaced with a medium containing 800 g / m 1 of G 41 8 (GENETICIN, Sigma) 8 ng / m 1 of Blasticidin S Hydrochloride (Funakoshi). 2 resistant colonies after three weeks appeared, the frequency was 20 per CHO cell 5 X 1 0 6. Colonies were isolated and expanded for further analysis.
- FBS fetal bovine serum
- Southern plot analysis was performed to confirm homologous recombinants. Southern plot analysis was performed on about 5 / g genomic DNA treated with restriction enzymes EcoRI or BamHI (Nibonbon Gene) using G418 resistant gene and a part of GFP gene as probes.
- GFP probe an 849 bp fragment obtained by digesting plasmid PEGFP-C 1 (Clontech) with restriction enzymes Nhe I and Gb LII (Nibonbon Gene) was used.
- G418 resistant gene plasmid pSV2ne0 was deleted with restriction enzymes Gb LII and SmaI (Nibonbon Gene), and a fragment of 1 000 bp was prepared and used.
- Figure 10 shows an example of the result.
- Figure 10 shows Eco RI digested DNA Is detected by the neo probe.
- Lane 1 shows the DT40 strain before insertion of the insert, and lane 2 and later shows the G418 resistant DT40 strain.
- a 5.7 kb signal is detected in the allele before insertion, and a 6.9 kb signal in the allele after insertion.
- telomere truncation vector for deleting the distal short arm of human 21 was constructed by modifying PBS—TEL / Puro (Kuroiwa, Nucleic Acids Res., 26: 3447, 1998).
- PBS The puromycin-resistant gene expression unit from TEL / Puro 1.
- the target sequence for telomere truncation vector insertion was designed from the base sequence of the long arm of human chromosome 21 (registration number AL163201) obtained from the GenBank database.
- the sequence of the primer oligonucleotide to which the restriction enzyme SpeI or BamHI is added for PCR amplification is shown below: Spe31203: 5'-GCACTAGTCTGGCACTCCTGCATAAACA (SEQ ID NO: 23)
- Bam36192 5′-CTAAGGATCCATTTCAGCCTGTGGGAATCA (SEQ ID NO: 24) Human 2
- the target sequence was amplified by PCR using genomic DNA extracted from the DT40 hybrid cell holding chromosome 1 as a truncated form. This is the restriction enzyme S pe I and B am After digestion with HI (two-bon gene), an approximately 5 kb DNA fragment having a protruding end was separated by agarose gel electrophoresis and purified. This was cloned into the XbaI / BamHI site of the PBS—TELZHygro plasmid. The final PBS—TEL / Hy gro construct size is approximately 5.8 kb.
- the telomere transcription vector, the target sequence, and the chromosomal allele resulting from homologous recombination are shown in FIG. Isolation of transfection and hygromycin-resistant cucumbers
- PBS—TE L / Hy gro construct was linearized by digestion with restriction enzyme BamHI (Nibbon Gene), and the long arm distal part was removed and human 2 chromosome 1 incorporating the 1 ox P site It was introduced into the retained DT 40 hybrid cells (DT 40 (# 2 1) bsd 79). DT 4 0 hybrid cells 1 x 1 0 7 0. 7 51111? The sample was suspended in 83 and electroporation was performed using Gene Pulser (Bio-Rad) in the presence of 25 g DNA. A capacitor with a capacitance of 25 F was applied at 7500 V and discharged using an electrification position cell with a distance between electrodes of 4 mm.
- BamHI Nick Gene
- DMEM medium Invitrogen
- FBS fetal bovine serum
- C h S chicken serum
- 2-mercaptoethanol 50% 2-mercaptoethanol. 9 Seeded in 5 6-hole clusters (Falcon). Two days later, hygromycin-B (Wako Pure Chemical Industries) was added to a final concentration of 1.5 mgZm 1. Resistant colonies appeared after 2-3 weeks. A total of 63 drug-resistant colonies were isolated and expanded from a total of two transfections, and further analysis was performed.
- PCR analysis was performed as a primary screening for selecting homologous recombinants from hygromycin resistant DT40 strain.
- Genomic DNA extracted from a hygromycin-resistant strain of approximately 0.1 / ig is a saddle type and is located proximal to the short arm of human chromosome 1.
- a TS marker (p CHB, D 21 S 1 88, D 21 S 275) was amplified.
- Figure 12 shows the representative results.
- Figure 12 shows a schematic chromosomal map based on the G-band image of human chromosome 21 on the left, and the band where marker 1 is located.
- DT40 For the hygromycin-resistant strain DT40, the marker that detected the amplification product expected by PCR was indicated, and the marker that was not detected was indicated by mouth.
- DT40 (# 21) is a cell prior to telomere truncation. If the distal short arm is removed by telomere truncation, it is expected to retain D 2 1 S 275 and not D 21 S 1 88 and p CHB. 45 strains that did not amplify any of D 2 1 S 1 88 or p CHB were selected and subjected to Southern blot analysis.
- a probe was set within the target sequence for homologous recombination.
- the probe used was a pair of oligonucleotide primers shown below, and was amplified, isolated and purified by PCR using genomic DNA of a DT40 hybrid cell carrying human 21st chromosome as a saddle.
- a sequence containing the recombination target site was amplified by PCR.
- the primer-oligonucleotide sequences set up on human 2 chromosome 1 and the sunset-getting vector are shown below: Hyg968: 5'- AAGTACTCGCCGATAGTGGAAACC (SEQ ID NO: 27)
- F I SH analysis was performed using a human specific probe C o t 1 (Gibco BRL) according to the method described in Matsubara et al. (F I SH experimental protocol, Shujunsha, 1994). As a result, shortened human chromosome 21 was detected in most of the observed mitotic figures (Figs. 15a and b).
- Example 7 Insertion of EPO gene into HAC vector derived from human 21 chromosome 1
- human EPO gene derived from human 21st chromosome 1 HAC vector insert As described in Examples 1 to 4, a human chromosome 21-derived HAC vector in which the distal long arm was deleted by telomere truncation and a 1 o XP site was introduced proximal to the long arm was prepared.
- a human EPO expression plasmid containing 1 o XP sequence is prepared and inserted into an artificial chromosome by site-specific recombination between 1 o XP sequences by transiently expressing Cre recombinase. It was. Selection of recombinant inserts was based on the acquisition of G418 resistance (reconstruction of a promoter-partitioned neo gene expression unit).
- SV40polyANpl 5 '-CGG GAT CCC G AGC GAG ACA TGA TAA GAT ACA TTG ATG -3' (SEQ ID NO: 29)
- SV40polyARpl 5' ⁇ GGA AGA TCT TCC TAA TCA GCC ATA CCA CAT TTG TAG AGG-3, (SEQ ID NO: 30)
- primers were prepared based on the base sequence of plasmid vector pSTNeoB (Kato et al., Cell Struct Fund, 12: 575-580, 1987).
- CMVN 3 5'- CGG AAT TCC GGA CAT TGA TTA TTG ACT AGT TAT TAA TAG -3 '(sequence number 3 1)
- CMVRpl 5'- CGG GAT CCC GGG TGT CTT CTA TGG AGG TCA AAA CAG -3 '(SEQ ID NO: 3 2)
- hEPORpl 5'-CGC TCG AGC GCT ATC TGT CCC CTG TCC TGC AGG-3, (SEQ ID NO: 34)
- primers were prepared based on the nucleotide sequence obtained from Gen Bank (accession number 1 05 3 9 7). Both ends of SV poly A-added subunits PCR amplified using SV40polyANpl (SEQ ID NO: 29) and SV40polyARpl (SEQ ID NO: 30) with pS Tneo B as a saddle type restriction enzyme B amH I and B g 1 II (Takara Shuzo) ) To create a protruding end, and cloned into the BamHI site of pBS226 (Lifetech), a plasmid vector with ⁇ sequences and hCMV promoter. This was designated as pBS226-pA.
- CMVNp3 SEQ ID NO: 3 1
- CMVRpl SEQ ID NO: No. 3 2
- the ends of the CMV promoter unit amplified with PCR were digested with restriction enzymes Eco RI and BamHI (Takara Shuzo) to form protruding ends, and pBS 2 2 6— pA Eco RI — Cloned between B amHI I sites. This was designated as p LN l.
- the human E PO coding region was amplified by PCR using hEPONpl (SEQ ID NO: 3 3) and hEPORpl (SEQ ID NO: 3 4) using human E PO cDNA as a truncated form. Digested with ol (Takara Shuzo) to form a protruding end, and cloned between the BamHI and Xhol sites of pLNl. This was designated as p LN l—E PO. (2) Transfection and isolation of G4 18 resistant clones
- the CHO cells (CHO (# 2 1) bsd 7 9-1) carrying the HAC vector derived from human chromosome 21 prepared in Example 3 were trypsinized, and 5 X 10 6 cells were treated with 0.8 m 1. Suspended in Hank's balanced salt solution (HB SS). Using Gene Pulser (Bio-Rad) in the presence of 10 g of the pLN l _E P ⁇ vector prepared in (1) above and 10 g of the Cre enzyme expression vector pBS 1 8 5 (Lifetech) We performed electro volation. A capacitor having a capacitance of 50 F was applied at 45 V and discharged using an electrovolu- lation cell having a distance between electrodes of 4 mm.
- HB SS Hank's balanced salt solution
- the biological activity of the produced human EPO was analyzed using the proliferation activity of human leukemia cell line UT 7- EPO cells (obtained from Dr. Norio Komatsu, Jichi Medical University) showing human EPO-dependent proliferation as an index.
- Two cultures of KH2 1 E cells (# 02 and # (1 8))
- the culture supernatants of EPH final concentrations of 0.0 1, 0, 1, 1, 5, 20, 100 m based on the quantitative values in Table 2
- the cell proliferation measurement kit Cell Titer 96 AQueous On e S o 1 ution Cell Proliferation Assay (promega) was used to analyze cell proliferation.
- the transferred chromosomes were confirmed by PCR and FISH analysis for each clone of the KH 21 E cells prepared in (2) of Example 7.
- FI SH analysis was performed using the human-specific probe Cot 1 (Gibco BRL) according to the method described in Matsubara et al. (FI SH experimental protocol, Shujunsha, 11994). The expected amplification for all markers in the PCR analysis (1) above. Of these clones, 8 clones were analyzed, and a shortened human chromosome 21 was detected in most of the observed mitotic images. The results are shown in Table 3.
- the clone KH 21 in Table 3 represents CH cells (CHO (# 2 1) bsd 79-1) carrying the HA 21 vector-derived HAC vector prepared in Example 3. Table 3
- Example 9 Insertion of multiple EPO genes into human 2 chromosome 1-derived HAC vector
- human 21 chromosome 1-derived HAC vector Multiple human EPO genes were inserted into one.
- a human EP ⁇ expression plasmid containing 1 oxP sequence is prepared and inserted into an artificial chromosome by site-specific recombination between 1 o XP sequences by transiently expressing Cre recombinase. It was. Recombinant insert selection is based on the acquisition of G418 resistance (reconstruction of a pro-segmented neo gene expression unit).
- EPOnF primer (SEQ ID NO: 35) is Eco RI, Ap al, M 1 It has a restriction enzyme recognition sequence for uI and a 5 'partial sequence of the CMV promoter, and was prepared based on the single nucleotide sequence of the CMV promoter of pBS226.
- the SVpAR primer (SEQ ID NO: 36) has a restriction enzyme recognition sequence for Eco RI and B c 1 I and a sequence complementary to the 3 ′ side of the SV40 poly A addition unit in order from the 5 ′ side. Yuichi It was prepared based on the base sequence of pSTneoB (Kato et al., Cell Struct Funct, 12:57 5 -580, 1987).
- a addition unit PCR amplification was carried out with KOD—Plus— (Toyobo) using EPOnF (SEQ ID NO: 35) and SVpAR (SEQ ID NO: 36) primers.
- KOD—Plus— Toyobo
- EPOnF SEQ ID NO: 35
- SVpAR SEQ ID NO: 36
- the thermal cycler Gene Amp 9700 (Applied Biosystems) was used. PCR cycle is 94 ° C for 2 minutes followed by denaturation 94 ° C for 15 seconds, annealing 60 ° C for 30 seconds, and extension 68 ° C for minutes 9 There were 30 cycles of 0 seconds.
- Both ends of the obtained DNA fragment were digested with restriction enzyme Eco RI (Takara Shuzo) to form overhanging ends and cloned into the plasmid vector pLN 1 _E PO Eco RI site.
- the base sequence of the cloned insert DNA fragment is analyzed with a DNA sequencer (PRI SM3 700, Applied Biostems) and corresponds to the base sequence of pLN1-EPO used for the cage type. It was confirmed that it was the same as the part.
- a plasmid vector in which two copies of CMV promoter, human EP0 gene and SV40 poly A addition unit were arranged in the forward direction was designated as pLN1-EPO2.
- the plasmid vector pLNl-EP02 prepared in (1) above was digested with XbaI (Takara Shuzo), linearized, and then blunted with KOD polymerase (Toyobo). After digestion with Takara Shuzo, an insert DNA fragment containing 2 copies of CMV promoter, human EP gene and SV40 poly A addition unit was obtained.
- Ap a I was obtained by digesting plasmid vector pLN 1—EP 0 2 with M 1 u I (Takara Shuzo), blunting with KO D polymerase (Toyobo), and digesting with Ap al (Takara Shuzo). The blunt-ended DNA fragment was cloned between M 1 u I sites.
- a plasmid vector containing 4 copies of this human EP gene was designated as P LN 1 -E P04.
- the CHO cell (CHO (# 2 1) bsd 7 9-1) retaining the human 21st chromosome 1-derived HAC vector prepared in Example 3 was trypsinized, and 5 X 10 6 cells were treated with 0.8 m 1.
- Hanks balanced salt solution HB SS
- F 1 2 5 cells of 48-well tissue culture plastic plate (Falcon) containing Eagle F 12 medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (FB S) (hereinafter referred to as F 1 2; manufactured by Invitrogen) Sowing. Two days later, the medium was replaced with a medium containing 800 g / m 1 of G 41 8 (GENET ICIN, Invitrogen) and 8 g / m 1 of blasticidin (B 1 asticidin S Hydrochloride, Funakoshi). After 2 to 3 weeks, resistant colonies appeared, the frequency of which was 14 per CHO cell 5 X 10 6 when pLN 1 _E PO 2 was used, and 24 when pLN 1-EP04 was used. It was a piece. Colonies were isolated and expanded for further analysis. These cells are hereinafter referred to as cells prepared using pLN 1 -E PO 2 as KH 21 E 2 cells, and cells prepared using pLN 1-EP04 as KH2 1 E 4 cells.
- Recombinant inserts were selected based on whether or not they were inserted into the 1 o XP sequence site on the human chromosome 21-derived HAC vector on the human EPO gene donor vector-derived sequence and HAC. Primers were designed on the vector and confirmed by PCR amplification. In addition, the number of copies of the inserted human EP ⁇ gene was confirmed by designing the primers on the plasmid vector PBS226 and the HAC vector, and by PCR amplification.
- oligonucleotide primer used for PCR amplification SVpANpl: 5'-TTTTCA TGT CTT TAG TTC TAT GAT GA _3, (SEQ ID NO: 37)
- This primer is a plasmid vector p S Tn eo B (Kato) Et al., Based on the base sequence of Ce 1 1 S nestt Funct, 12: 575-580, 1987).
- Neo Rp2 5'-AGG TCG GTC TTG ACA AAA AGA AC-3, (SEQ ID NO: 38) It was prepared based on the base sequence of the gene.
- This primer was prepared based on the base sequence of the plasmid vector p B S226 (Lifetech).
- PLN 1 -EP02 or p LN 1 — SVpANpl primer designed in the SV40 poly
- a addition sequence region derived from EPO 4 vector and pSF 1 derived neomycin resistance gene on HAC vector PCR amplification was performed using NeoRp2 primer (SEQ ID NO: 38).
- the neo gene is derived from the SV40 poly
- the region containing 2 copies of the pLNl—EPO 2 vector-derived CMV promoter, human EPO gene, and SV40 poly A additional sequence up to 1 o XP sequence and 1 o XP from pSF 1 Amplification of about 3.8 kbp including the sequence to a part of the neo gene is expected. As a result, the expected amplification was confirmed in all clones.
- G 41 8 / blastcidin-resistant KH 2 1 E 4 cells 6 clones out of 24 clones, each with 1 x 10 5 cells and 10% FBS-added 800 g / m 1 G 41 8 And 8 g / m 1 of brassicidal saidine.
- 2 ml of F12 medium was seeded in a plastic dish (Falcon) for 6-well tissue culture. After reaching confluence, replace with 2 ml of F 1 2 medium supplemented with 10% FBS for 6 days Cultured and the supernatant was collected.
- the human EPO EL ISA kit (Qu antikine I VD Hum an EPO I mmu noassay, R & D systems), was quantified human EPO in the culture supernatant at 2 X 1 0 one 5 dilution. The results are shown in Table 5.
- Table 5 The human EPO EL ISA kit (Qu antikine I VD Hum an EPO I mmu noassay, R & D systems), was quantified human EPO in the culture supernatant at 2 X 1 0 one 5 dilution. The results are shown in Table 5. Table 5
- G 41 8 / blastoidin-resistant KH 2 1 E cell 5 clone which is isolated in Example 7, and retains one copy of the human EPO gene on the chromosome 21-derived HAC vector 6-well tissue containing 800 ml / ml 1 G4 18 and 8 xg / ml 1 blasticidin containing 2 ml 1 x 10 5 cells each with 10% FBS It was seed
- Example 10 Distal long arm and distal short arm deleted human 2 Insertion of EPO gene into HAC vector derived from chromosome 1
- the human EPO gene is inserted into the human 21st chromosome-derived HAC vector.
- remove the distal long arm by telomere placement remove the distal long arm by telomere placement, introduce 1 o XP size 1 proximal to the long arm, and distal the short arm by telomere transpiration
- a HAC vector derived from human chromosome 1 was deleted.
- a human EPO expression plasmid containing 1 o XP sequence was prepared and inserted into an artificial chromosome by site-specific recombination between 1 ox P sequences by transiently expressing Cre recombinase. did. Selection of recombinant inserts was based on the acquisition of G418 resistance (reconstruction of promoter-splitting type neo gene expression unit).
- FBS fetal bovine serum
- F 12 Eagle's F 12 medium
- PCR amplification was performed (see (3) of Example 6 and Fig. 12). Since the short arm distal to the short arm of human chromosome 1 has been deleted, p CHB and D 2 1 S 1 87 markers are not retained, but D 2 1 S 2 7 5 is retained. Is expected to. As a result, the expected amplification was observed in 15 clones.
- H4EC15 50/100 17/6 33/87 0/6 0/1 0/0 94
- H4EC16 50/100 5/11 45 /-0 / — 0 /-0 /-One
- H4EC18 50/100 1/7 49/89 0/4 0 0 93
- HAC vector derived from human chromosome 21 obtained in Example 17 with the distal long arm deleted and the 1 o xP sequence inserted and the distal short arm removed by telomere transcription CH cells that hold: CHO # 2 1 hyg 4 and CHO # 21 hy g 8 (hereinafter referred to as H 4 cell and H 8 cell, respectively) were used.
- Mouse A 9 cells (Oshimura et al., Environ. Health Perspect. 93:57, 1991, accession number JCRB 02 1 1) were used as chromosome recipient cells.
- microcells were prepared from about 10 7 H4 cells.
- H 4 or H 8 cells cultured to 24 to 25 cm 2 centrifuge flasks (NUNC) to a cell density of about 60-70% saturation were treated with corsamide (0.1 g / ml, demecorsin, Wako Pure Chemical Industries).
- corsamide 0.1 g / ml, demecorsin, Wako Pure Chemical Industries.
- Micronuclei were induced by culturing in B S, 800 g / m 1 G41 8, F 1 2) for 5 days. After removing the medium, the cytochalasin B (DME) that has been pre-heated (37 ° C)
- centrifuge flask with 10 mg / ml, Sigma) solution in M
- a centrifuge flask was placed in a heart vessel and centrifuged at 34 ° C, 8, '000 rpm for 1 hour.
- the microcell was suspended and collected in serum-free medium (DMEM), and purified by filtration using SW I NNEX-25 (Millipore) equipped with a filter (Whatman) with a pore size of 8 lim, 5 m, and 3 zm.
- the purified microcell was resuspended in 2 ml of DM EM containing 50 X gZm 1 of phytohemagglutinin-P (Difco).
- Purified micronucleated cells were added to a 25 cm 2 culture flask (Falcon) in which mouse A 9 cells were cultured to 90% saturation, and allowed to stand at 37 ° C for 15 minutes, and then P EG 1 in DMEM. 000 (final concentration 50% (W / V), sigma) and DMS O (final concentration 7% (W / V), sigma) were dissolved and filtered with a pore size 0.22 xm filter (Sartorius). Fusion took 1 minute. After culturing in DMEM medium containing 10% FBS for 48 hours, the cells were dispersed by trypsin treatment and seeded on two 48-well tissue culture plastic plates (Falcon).
- A9 ⁇ cells Two days later, it was replaced with a selective medium (10% FBS, DMEM) containing blasticidin (4 g / ml) or hygromycin (700 mg / ml, Invitrogen). After about 3 weeks of selective culture, the emerged drug-resistant colonies were isolated for further analysis. 22 drug-resistant colonies were obtained from 7 micronucleus cell fusions. The cells obtained above are hereinafter referred to as A9 ⁇ cells.
- PCR amplification was performed for (3) and Fig. 2).
- the HAC vector transfer is expected to retain the P RED 65 and P RED 3 genes and not the D 21 S 265 marker. As a result, the expected amplification was observed in 20 clones.
- STS Maichikichi (pCHB, D) is located near the short arm of human 2 chromosome 1. 2 1 S 1 87, D 2 1 S 27 5) The previous PCR amplification was performed (see (3) of Example 6, Fig. 12). Human 2 Chromosome proximal to the short arm and the distal short arm deleted, so it is predicted that the p € 118 and 02 1 S 1 87 markers are not retained, but the D 2 1 S 27 5 marker is retained. Is done. As a result, the expected amplification in 18 clones was confirmed.
- the shortened human chromosome 21 was transferred to mouse A9 cells based on the relative size of the host mouse A9 cell chromosome.
- the two cell clones obtained above will be referred to as A9 ⁇ 11 and 89 ⁇ 12 cells.
- Example 1 2 Transfer of HAC vector derived from human 21st chromosome containing human EPO gene inserted into mouse A9 cells (1) Micronucleus cell fusion and isolation of drug resistant clones
- a chromosome donor cell As a chromosome donor cell, one copy of the human EPO gene obtained in Example 10 was inserted, the long arm distal part was deleted, 1 o XP sequence was inserted, and then the short arm distal part was obtained by telomere truncation.
- a clone H4 EC10, C15, or C16 cell
- Mouse A9 cells (Oshimura et al., Environ. Health Perspect. 93:57, 1991, registration number JCRB 0 2 1 1) were used as chromosome recipient cells.
- microcells were prepared from about 10 8 H4 EC 15 or C 16 cells. That is, H 4 EC 15 or C 16 cells cultured to 24 to 25 cm 2 centrifuge flasks (Nunks) to a cell density of about 60 to 70% saturation were treated with colcemid (0.1 ng / m 1, Micronuclei were induced by culturing in a culture solution (20% FBS, 800 zg / m 1 G41 8, F 1 2) containing demecorsin and Wako Pure Chemicals) for 4 days.
- the purified microcell was resuspended in DMEM 2m 1 containing 50 g / m 1 or 100 ⁇ g / m 1 of phytohemaglutinin P (Difco).
- Purified micronucleated cells were added to a 25 cm 2 culture flask (Falcon) in which mouse A 9 cells were cultured to 90% saturation, and allowed to stand at 37 ° C for 15 minutes, then in DMEM Dissolve P EG 100 00 (final concentration 50% (W / V), Sigma) and DMS ⁇ (final concentration 7% (WZV), Sigma) and filter with pore size 0.2 filter (Sartorius) The resulting solution was fused for 1 minute.
- Drug resistance genes present on human chromosome 21-derived HAC vectors ie hygromycin resistance gene (short arm distal), blasticidin resistance gene and neomycin resistance gene (long arm proximal) in the presence of selective drugs It was confirmed whether or not the region containing each drug resistance gene was retained using as an index whether or not it functions.
- the cell density was about 60-70% saturation in each well of the 6-well tissue culture plate.
- G 41 8 600 Mg / m 1) Or selection containing blasticidin (6 ng / m 1)
- the cells were cultured in a medium (10% FBS, DMEM). After rinsing twice with PBS (Invitrogen), the cells were cultured in a culture solution containing blasticidin and hygromycin (700 g / m 1) and G 418 for 1 week or 10 days.
- the results are shown in Table 12.
- FI SH analysis was performed using the human-specific probe Cot 1 (Gibco BRL) according to the method described in Matsubara et al. (FI SH experimental protocol, Shujunsha, 1994). Analysis of 7 clones that showed the expected amplification in all markers in the (2-1) PCR analysis described above revealed that human chromosome 21 was shortened in most of the observed mitotic figures. The results are shown in Table 13. Table 13
- Recombinant inserts are selected based on whether or not they have been inserted into the 1 o XP sequence site on the human chromosome 21-derived HAC vector, with the 1 o xP sequence site in between. Primers were designed above and on the HAC vector and confirmed by PCR amplification.
- Neo Rp2 primer SEQ ID NO: 38
- M13RV primer SEQ ID NO: 39
- the above-mentioned ⁇ E cell clone retains the human 21 chromosome 1-derived HAC vector into which the insert DNA containing the CMV promoter, human EP ⁇ gene and SV40 poly A additional sequence has been inserted. It was confirmed.
- the expression of the human EPO gene is based on the human EPO protein produced in the culture supernatant by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EL I SA method). Was quantified.
- DMEM medium containing 4 mg of G41 8 and 6 g / m1 of blasticidin with 10% FBS supplemented with 1 X 10 5 cells each for 4 clones of isolated ⁇ E cells 1 was seeded on a 6-well tissue culture plastic plate (Falcon). After reaching the confluence, the medium was replaced with 2 ml of F 1 2 medium supplemented with 10% FBS, and cultured for 4 or 5 days, and the supernatant was collected. Human EPO in the culture supernatant was quantified without dilution using a human EPO EL I SA kit (Quantikine IVD Human EPO Iunoassay, R & D system). The results are shown in Table 14. Table 14
- the human ⁇ concentration in the culture supernatant was higher than the detection limit concentration of the above human EPO ELISA kit (Quantikine IVD Human EPO Immunoassay, R & D System).
- mouse A 9 cell (CI 1-SC 20 cell, Tomizuka et al., Nature Genet. (USA), pp. 133-143, 1997, carrying human chromosome 14 fragment (SC 20).
- human normal fibroblast HFL-1 obtained from RIKEN Cell Materials Development Office, registration number RCB 052 1. was used.
- microcells were prepared from about 10 7 cells. That is,
- Microcells were collected by suspending them in serum-free medium (D MEM), and purified by filtration using SW I NNEX-25 (Millipore) equipped with a filter (Potman) with a pore size of 8 zm, 5 rn, 3 im.
- the purified microcell was resuspended in 2 ml of DMEM containing 50 ag / m 1 of phytohemagglutinin-P (Difco).
- Purified micronucleated cells were added to a 25 cm 2 culture flask (palcon) in which H FL-1 cells were cultured to 90% saturation, and allowed to stand at 37 ° C for 15 minutes, and then PEG 1 in DMEM.
- Dissolve 500 final concentration 45% (W / V), Roche Diagnostax) and DMS 0 (final concentration 10% (W / V), sigma), bore size 0.2 2 / zm filter (Sartorius ) was fused with the solution sterilized by filtration for 1 minute.
- the cells were dispersed by trypsin treatment and seeded on one 48-well tissue culture plastic plate (Falcon) coated with collagen I.
- Micronucleus cell fusion (suspension method) and isolation of drug-resistant clones Microcells were prepared and purified as described in (1-1) above, and resuspended in 6 ml of DMEM.
- HF L-1 cells were cultured at 1 7 5 cm 2 culture flasks up to 90% saturation (Falcon), was dispersed by trypsin treatment and resuspended in DMEM7m 1 were washed twice with DMEM .
- the transferred chromosome was confirmed by PCR amplification of the neo gene present on S C 20.
- the sequence of the oligonucleotide primer used is shown below:
- C 1 1-SC 20 cells cultured to a cell density of about 80-90% saturation in two 25 cm 2 centrifuge flasks (Nunk) 1 were colcemid (0.05 / 2 g / m 1, de Micronuclei were induced by culturing in a culture solution (20% FBS, 800 Mg / m 1 G 418, DMEM) containing mecorsin and Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. for 48 hours. After removing the culture medium, fill the centrifuge flask with the cytochalasin B (10 gZm 1, Sigma in DMEM) that has been kept warm (37 ° C) in advance, and place the centrifuge flask in the acrylic centrifuge container.
- cytochalasin B 10 gZm 1, Sigma in DMEM
- Microcells were recovered by suspending them in serum-free medium (DMEM), and purified by filtration using SWI NNEX-25 (Millipore) equipped with a filter of 8 m, 5 / im, 3 m (pore size). Purified microcells were resuspended in DMEM 2m 1 containing 50 ag / m 1 phytohemagglutinin P (Difco). Purified micronucleated cells were added to a 25 cm 2 culture flask (Falcon) in which HUC-F 2 cells were cultured to 90% saturation, and allowed to stand at 37 ° C for 15 minutes, and then PEG in DMEM.
- Micronucleus cell fusion (suspension method) and isolation of drug-resistant clones Microcells were prepared and purified in the same manner as (1_1) above and resuspended in 6 ml of DMEM.
- HUC- F 2 cells are cultured in 1 75 cm 2 culture flask (Falcon) until 90% saturation, dispersed by trypsin treatment, washed twice with DMEM and resuspended in 7 ml of DMEM did.
- the above HUC-F 2 cell suspension is overlaid on the above microcell suspension, centrifuged, the supernatant is removed, the pellet is suspended by tapping, 0.5 ml of PEG 1 500 (final concentration 50% (WZV ) And Roche Diagnostix) were added and fused in 120 seconds.
- PEG 1 500 final concentration 50% (WZV ) And Roche Diagnostix
- Add DMEM 5m 1 at a rate of 1 m 1/1 min add DMEM 5m 1 and let stand at 37 ° C for 10 minutes, then centrifuge and resuspend in ⁇ medium containing 10% FBS to treat with collagen I 48-hole tissue culture Two plastic plates (Falcon) for sowing were sown.
- the transferred chromosome was confirmed by PCR amplification of the neo gene present on S C20. That is, using the 421F primer (SEQ ID NO: 40) and 778R primer (SEQ ID NO: 41), PCR amplification was performed on the G41 8 resistant cell 7 clone obtained in (2-1) and (2 — 2) above. went.
- the HAC vector transfer is expected to retain the neo gene. As a result, the expected amplification was confirmed in all clones. From the above experiment, it was confirmed that the obtained G41 8 resistant HUC-F 2 strain retained SC 20.
- SC 20 transfer to normal human fibroblast HF-19 Micronucleus fusion and isolation of drug resistant clones.
- A9 cells (CI1-SC20 cells, Tomizuka et al., Nature Genet. (USA), Vol. 16, p.133-143, 1997) were used.
- human normal fibroblast HF-1 9 obtained from RIKEN Cell Materials Development Office, registration number RCB 021
- Microcells were prepared from the beginning to about 1 0 7 cells. That is,
- Microcell in serum-free medium D It was suspended in MEM) and collected, and purified by filtration using SW I NNEX-25 (Millipore) equipped with a filter size (Kutman) with a pore size of 8 um, 5 rn, 3 / im.
- the purified microcell was resuspended in DMEM2m1 containing 50 ag / m1 of phytohemagglutinin P (Difco).
- a chromosome donor cell As a chromosome donor cell, one copy of the human EPO gene obtained in Example 10 was inserted, the long arm distal part was deleted and 1 o XP sequence was inserted, and then the short arm distal part was removed by telomere truncation. By deleting and transiently expressing Cre recombinase, the human EPO gene is inserted by site-specific recombination between 1 o XP sequences and the human C21-derived HAC vector is retained. Among the cells, a clone (H4E C10 cell) having a high ability to form micronuclei was used.
- microcells were prepared from about 1 0 8 H4 EC 1 0 cells. That is, H4E C 10 cells cultured on 48 25 cm 2 centrifuge flasks (NUNC) to a cell density of 60-70% saturation contain colcemid (0.lg Zm 1, demecorsin, Wako Pure Chemical Industries) Micronuclei were induced by culturing in liquid (20% FBS, 800 zg / m 1 G41 8, F 1 2) for 4 days.
- NUNC centrifuge flasks
- the purified microcell was resuspended in 2 ml DMEM containing 50 ng / m 1 phytohemagglutinin P (Difco).
- Dissolve 1 500 final concentration 45% (W / V), Roche Diagnostax) and DMSO (final concentration 10% (W / V), sigma), pore size 0.22 m filter (colander) Fused with a solution sterilized by filtration with Trius for 1 minute.
- HCAE cells After culturing in DMEM medium containing 20% FBS for 48 hours, the cells were dispersed by trypsin treatment and seeded on one 48-well tissue culture plastic plate (Falcon) coated with collagen I. Two days later, the medium was replaced with a selective medium (20% FBS, DMEM) containing G41 8 (300 gZm 1) or blasticidin (6 g / m 1). The selective culture was performed for about 3 weeks. The emerged drug-resistant colonies were isolated for further analysis. Three drug-resistant colonies were obtained from 5 micronucleated cell fusions. The above cells are called HCAE cells.
- a chromosome donor cell 1 copy of the human EP ⁇ gene obtained in Example 12 Insert the 1 o xP sequence after removing the distal long arm, then remove the distal short arm by telomere truncation, and transiently express the Cre recombinase.
- clones of mouse A9 cells that carry the human AC1 vector derived from human chromosome 1 and inserted with the human EPO gene by site-specific recombination between sequences clones with high micronucleation ability ( ⁇ 51 or ⁇ ) 5 cells) were used.
- a chromosome recipient cell human normal fibroblast HFL-1 (obtained from Cell Materials Development Department, RIKEN, registration number RCB 052 1) was used.
- Microcells were prepared from the beginning to about 1 0 7 cells. That is, 2 ⁇ 5 1 or ⁇ 5 cells were cultured in 2 25 cm 2 centrifuge flasks (Nunk) 1 to a cell density of about 80-90% saturation, and colcemid (0.1 / ig / m 1, demecorsin, sum Micronuclei were induced by culturing in a medium containing 20% FBS, 600 g / m 1 G41 8, DMEM for 72 hours.
- cytochalasin B 10 g / m 1, Sigma in DMEM
- DMEM serum-free medium
- SWI NNEX-25 Microcells were recovered by suspending them in serum-free medium (DMEM), and purified by filtration using SWI NNEX-25 (Millipore) equipped with a filter (Manzmann) with a pore size of 8 im, 5 urn, 3 m.
- the purified microcell was resuspended in DMEM 2m 1 containing 50 g / m 1 of Phytohemagglutinin P (Difco).
- DMEM 2m 1 containing 50 g / m 1 of Phytohemagglutinin P (Difco).
- Dissolve EG 1 500 final concentration 45% (W / V), Roche Diagnostax) and DMS ⁇ (final concentration 10% (WZ V), Sigma
- a pore size 0.22 / 1 m filter ( Fused with a solution sterilized by filtration with Sartorius for 1 minute.
- the sequence of the oligonucleotide primer used for PCR amplification is shown below.
- primers were prepared based on the base sequence of the plasmid vector pS Tneo B (Kato et al., Cel 1 Str trct Funct, 12: 575-580, 1987).
- PCR amplification was performed using 1291F primer (SEQ ID NO: 42) and 1667R primer (SEQ ID NO: 43).
- SEQ ID NO: 42 1291F primer
- SEQ ID NO: 43 1667R primer
- amplification of about 0.4 kbp including a part of the neo gene is expected.
- the expected amplification was confirmed in all 5 clones of ⁇ cells.
- EPO gene expression is based on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EL ISA method) of human EPO protein produced in the culture supernatant. ).
- ⁇ 51—1, ⁇ 5—1, ⁇ 5—2, ⁇ 5—3, and ⁇ E 5-4 are those in which EPOELISA kit (Quantikine IVD Human EPO I (Unounoassay, R & D system).
- the human telomerase (hTERT) gene has a coding region of 3399 bp and contains sequences rich in G and C in the 5 'region. Difficulties were predicted. Therefore, the code area 3 (l ⁇ 800 bp; hereinafter referred to as 5'h TERT, 679 ⁇ : L 993 bp; hereinafter referred to as M—XhTRET, 195 2 ⁇ 3 3 3 9 bp; hereinafter 3
- the base sequence position was divided into the start codon ATG (A is represented as 1), and after PCR amplification and cloning, the hT ERT gene was cloned by linking each region. . The method is shown below.
- the sequence of the primer oligonucleotide used to construct the plasmid vector is shown below:
- hTERT Fw6 5'- CTG CTG CGC ACG TGG GAA G-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 44)
- hTERT Rv6 5'_ GGT CTG GCA GGT GAC ACC AC -3, (SEQ ID NO: 45)
- hTERT Fwl 5'-GAA GAT CTT CAT CGA TCG GCC ACC ATG CCG CGC GC -3 '(sequence number 4 6)
- hTERT Rv7 5'-TCA CTC GGT CCA CGC GTC CT -3, (SEQ ID NO: 4 7)
- HL-6 0 cDNA (Ma rathon -R eadyc DNA, CLONT E CH) lng as a saddle, 1ITERT FW6 (SEQ ID NO: 44) and hTERT Rv6 (SEQ ID NO: 45) at a final concentration of 0. T aq (Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd.) PCR amplification was performed in a reaction mixture of 5 0 1 using 2.5 units. As the thermal cycler, Gene Amp 9600 (Applied Biosyst em s) was used.
- PCR cycle is 10 minutes after 98 ° C, denaturation 98 ° C 30 seconds, annealing and stretching 72 minutes, 5 minutes 3 cycles, modification 98 ° C 30 seconds, annealing And elongation 70 ° C for 5 minutes was performed in 2 cycles, denaturation at 98 ° C for 30 seconds, annealing and elongation at 68 ° C for 5 minutes at 35 cycles.
- PCR cycle is 98 ° C for 10 minutes, followed by denaturation 98 ° C for 30 seconds, annealing and extension 72 ° C for 5 minutes for 3 cycles, denaturation 98.
- the plasmid vector pLN1-EPO is digested with XhoI (Takara Shuzo), then blunted at both ends with KOD DNA polymerase (Toyobo), and further digested with BamHI (Takara Shuzo).
- a DNA fragment for 5'hTERT insert was cloned into the BamHI single blunt end site obtained by removing E. coli.
- XL-10 Go 1 d S TRATAGENE
- the base sequence of the cloned 5 'hTERT insert DNA fragment was analyzed with a DNA sequencer (PRISM3700, Applied Biosysterns) and the corresponding part of the base sequence obtained from GenBank. It was confirmed that it was the same.
- the plasmid vector obtained from the above was designated as pLNl_5'hTERT. (1 1 2) Cloning of M—XhTERT
- the sequence of the primer-oligonucleotide used to construct the plasmid vector is shown below:
- hTERT Fw8-2 5'- AGT GCC AGC CGA AGT CTG CC -3 '(SEQ ID NO: 48)
- hTERT 5' XhoIRv3 5'- GCA GCT GAA CAG TGC CTT C -3 '(SEQ ID NO: 49)
- hTERT Fw8-1 5′-AGG ACG CGT GGA CCG AGT GA -3 ′ (SEQ ID NO: 50)
- HL-60 cDNA (Ma ratho n e eddy cDNA, CLONT ECH) 0.25 ng in a saddle type, hTERT Fw8-2 (SEQ ID NO: 48) and hTERT 5 'XhoIRv3 (SEQ ID NO: 49) to a final concentration of 0. LA TaQ (Takara Shuzo) 2.5 Using 5 units, PCR amplification was performed in 25 1 reaction solution. The PCR cycle was performed at 98 ° C for 5 minutes, followed by 98 ° C for 15 seconds, 55 ° C for 30 seconds and 72 ° C for 90 seconds for 40 cycles.
- hTERT Fw8-1 (SEQ ID NO: 50) and hTERT 5 'XhoIRv3 (SEQ ID NO: 49) are each at a final concentration of 0.4 M, and LA T aq (Takara Shuzo) 2 PCR amplification was performed with 25 1 reactions using 5 units.
- G en eAmp 9700 (Applied Biosyst ems) was used.
- the PCR cycle is 98 ° C after 5 minutes, followed by denaturation 98. C 15 seconds, annealing 55 ° C 30 seconds, and extension 72 ° C 90 seconds were performed in 40 cycles. As a result, a DNA fragment of about 1.2 kb was obtained.
- Plasmid vector pLN 1—EPO 2 was cloned into M 1 u I-Xho I site.
- XL-1 O Gold (STR AT AGENE) was used as the host E. coli.
- the base sequence of the cloned M-XhTE RT insert DNA fragment is the same as the base sequence obtained from GenBank after square analysis using a DNA sequencer (PR ISM 3700, Applied Biosysterns). It was confirmed that it was the same as the part to be.
- the plasmid vector obtained from the above was designated as pLN l- ⁇ -XhTERT.
- the primer oligonucleotide sequences used to construct the plasmid vector are shown below:
- hTERT 3 XhoIFw2: 5'- ATG GAC TAC GTC GTG GGA GCC AGA -3, (SEQ ID NO: 5 3)
- hTERT Rvl 5'- GTC GAC GCT AGC TCA GTC CAG GAT GGT CTT GAA GT -3 (sequence number 54)
- HL-60 cDNA (Malatho n-Re a dy cDNA, C LONT ECH) 0.Lng is a saddle type, hTERT 3 'XhoIFw2 (SEQ ID NO: 53) and API (SEQ ID NO: 51) are each brought to a final concentration of 0 Then, KCR-P lus- (Toyobo) 0.5 unit was used for PCR amplification in a 25 ⁇ 1 reaction solution.
- the thermal cycler used was a Gene Amp 9700 (Ap p lie e Bios y s t ern s).
- PCR cycle was performed at 94 ° C for 2 minutes, followed by denaturation 94 ° C for 15 seconds, annealing at 60 ° C for 30 seconds, and extension at 68 ° C for 3 minutes for 30 cycles. Furthermore, using this PCR product 11 as a saddle, hTERT 3 'XhoIFw (SEQ ID NO: 52) and hTERT Rvl (SEQ ID NO: 54) were each at a final concentration of 0.3 M, KOD—P lus — (Toyobo) 0 PCR amplification was performed in a 25/2/1 reaction using 5 units.
- PCR cycle was carried out at 98 ° C for 5 minutes, followed by denaturation 98 ° C for 15 seconds, annealing at 55 ° C for 30 seconds, and extension at 72 ° C for 90 seconds for 40 cycles. As a result, a DNA fragment of about 1.4 kb was obtained.
- hTERT insert D The base sequence of the NA fragment was analyzed with a DNA sequencer (PR I SM3700, Applied Biosystems), and was identical to the corresponding part of the base sequence obtained from GenBank, and pLN l— CMV promoter on EPO It was confirmed that it was inserted in the direction opposite to the transcription direction.
- the plasmid vector obtained above was designated as pLN1-3'hTERT.
- the plasmid vector prepared in Example 9 (1) pLN 1—CMV promoter obtained by digesting EPO2 with EcoRI, DNA fragment containing human EPO gene and SV40 poly A addition unit The plasmid vector prepared in Example 11 was cloned into the EcoRI site of pLN l-hTERT. This is pLN 1 _EPO_hTERT. (3) 2-copy human EP ⁇ and hTERT expression plasmid p containing 1 o xP sequence
- CMV promoter human EPO gene and SV40 poly, obtained by digestion with RI
- a DNA fragment containing 2 copies of the A addition unit was cloned into the EcoRI site of the plasmid vector pLN l-hTERT prepared in (1) above. This is called pLN l—EPO 2—hTERT.
- the human EPO gene and the hTERT gene are inserted into the HAC vector derived from human chromosome 21.
- the distal long arm was removed by telomere truncation
- the 1 o XP rhinoceros was introduced proximal to the long arm
- the distal short arm was removed by telomere truncation.
- One HAC vector derived from human chromosome 1 was prepared.
- Example 1 Human 21 obtained from chromosome 1 Mouse A 9 cells ( ⁇ 9 ⁇ 12 cells) carrying the HAC vector derived from chromosome 1 are mixed with a single plastic plate (Falcon) for 6-well tissue culture. However, the cells were cultured in a selective medium (10% FBS, DMEM) containing blasticidin (4 / ig / m 1) until about 60 to 70% saturation. In the presence of pLNl-EPO-hTERT vector 1 and Cre enzyme expression vector PBS 1 8 5 (Lifetech) prepared in (2) of Example 15 5, Fu gene 6 (Roche Diagnostics) Transfection was carried out according to the attached protocol. Incubate for 48 hours and then disperse with trypsin treatment.
- a 9 ⁇ 1 cells were obtained from a selective medium (DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS) containing G41 8 (600 g / m 1) and seeded on 5 plastic wells (Falcon) for 48-well tissue culture. Resistant colonies appeared after 2 to 3 weeks, and the frequency was 4 per 9 9 12 cells 5 X 10 fi . As a result of isolation and further culture of the colony, one colony grew. The obtained cells are hereinafter referred to as A 9 ⁇ 1 cells.
- PCR amplification was performed for (3) and Fig. 2).
- the human EPO gene insert by site-specific recombination between 1 o XP sequences is expected to retain the PRED 65 and P RED 3 genes.
- the expected amplification was observed.
- PCR amplification was performed on the STS marker located at the proximal side of the short arm of human 21 chromosome (see (3) in Example 6, Fig. 12). Since the short arm distal of human 2 chromosome 1 has been deleted proximally and distally, it is predicted to retain the D 2 1 S 2 75 marker. As a result, the expected amplification was confirmed.
- Each drug resistance index is based on whether the drug resistance gene present on the HAC vector derived from human chromosome 1, ie, the hygromycin resistance gene (short arm distal) and the plastosidine resistance gene function in the presence of the selected drug. It was confirmed whether the region containing the gene was retained.
- Recombinant inserts are selected from the human EPO gene donor vector with the 1 ox P sequence site between the 2 o chromosome 1-derived HAC vector and the 1 o XP sequence site. Primers were designed on the sequence and on the HAC vector and confirmed by PCR amplification.
- PCR amplification was performed using the Neo Rp2 primer (SEQ ID NO: 3 8) shown in Example 9 (4) and the M13RV primer (SEQ ID NO: 3 9) derived from the plasmid vector pBS226. went.
- the region containing the CMV promoter derived from the pLN l-EPO vector, the human EP ⁇ gene, and the SV40 poly A additional sequence up to 1 o XP sequence and 1 o XP sequence derived from pSF1
- An amplification of about 2.3 kbp including a portion of the ne 0 gene is expected. As a result, the expected amplification was confirmed.
- the A9 ⁇ 1 cells described above retain the HAC vector derived from human chromosome 21 into which the insert DNA containing the CMV promoter, human EPO gene, and SV40 poly A addition sequence has been inserted.
- ⁇ 9 ⁇ 1 cells hold the HAC vector derived from human chromosome 1 with the long and short arms deleted.
- a DT40 cell harboring a HAC vector based on human chromosome 21 obtained in Example 6 as a chromosome donor cell, with the long arm distal part deleted and the 1 o xP sequence inserted, and the short arm distal part removed. (# 21) hyg 4) was used.
- a chromosome recipient cell a Chinese hamster-derived cell line CHO—K 1 (obtained from ATCC, registration number J CRB 90 1 8) was used. Acquisition of microcells and fusion with CHO cells were performed in the same manner as in Example 3 (1). As a result of the fusion performed a total of 4 times, a total of 5 hygromycin-resistant CHO strains were obtained approximately 2 weeks after the start of selective culture.
- the sequence sandwiching the recombination target site was amplified by PCR (see (3-3) in Example 6, Fig. 12). Amplification products were obtained only in the two strains CHO # 2 1 hyg4 and 8, and the generation of the expected partial fragment was confirmed by digestion with the restriction enzyme NsiI.
- FI SH analysis is described in Matsubara et al. (FI SH Experimental Protocol, Shujunsha, 1994). According to the method described above, human-specific probe Cot 1 (Gibco BR L) was used. Analysis of two of the CHO strains resistant to hygromycin (CHO # 21 hy g 4 and CH ⁇ # 21 hy g 8) revealed that human chromosome 21 was shortened in most of the observed mitotic figures. was detected. Based on the relative size of the host CHO cell chromosome, it was confirmed that the shortened chromosome 21 was transferred to the CHO cell.
- the obtained hygromycin-resistant CHO strain had human long chromosome 1 deleted, the 1 o xP sequence inserted, and the short arm distal deleted. It was confirmed to retain a partial fragment (HAC vector).
- a chromosome donor cell retain the HAC vector based on human chromosome 21 obtained in Example 17 and with the distal long arm deleted, the 1 o xP sequence inserted, and the distal short arm removed.
- CHO cells (CHO (# 2 1) hyg 4 and CHO (# 21) hyg 8) were used.
- the human fibrosarcoma cell line HT 1080 (obtained from ATCC, registration number CCL-1 2 1) was used as the chromosome recipient cell. Acquisition of microcells and fusion with HT10 80 cells were performed as in Example 4 (1).
- the transferred chromosomes were confirmed by PCR amplification of the brass ⁇ cydin resistance gene (see Example 4 (2-1)) and the hygromycin resistance gene.
- Used oligonucleotide The sequence of the isolated primer is as follows:
- HygroF 5'-GCGAAGAATCTCGTGCTTTC (SEQ ID NO: 5 5)
- Hygro 5'- ATAGGTCAGGCTCTCGCTGA (SEQ ID NO: 56)
- the blasticidin-resistant gene was confirmed to be amplified in all of the blasticidin-resistant HT10 80 strains. On the other hand, amplification of hygromycin resistance gene was confirmed in 5 out of 7 strains derived from CHO (# 2 1) hy g 4 and 2 out of 30 strains derived from CHO (# 2 1) hy g 8.
- 5.0 X 10 5 cells were seeded in 10 cm dishes, and after 3 days, the cells were counted and 5.0 X 10 again. Five cells were seeded on a 10 cm diameter dish.
- the chick cell line cells were collected at population doubling numbers 25, 50 and 100, respectively, and chromosome samples were prepared.
- the partial fragment of human chromosome 21 was stably maintained in HT 1080 cells at the number of divisions of 100. In addition, observation of metaphase chromosomes revealed one or two partial chromosomes per cell. Based on the experiments in (3) and (4) above, the partial fragment of human chromosome 21 from which the long arm distal part was deleted and the partial fragment from which the short arm distal part was further deleted were not selected in the HT 1080 cell line It was revealed that the cells were stably maintained under the culture conditions and the copy number per cell was maintained.
- Example 1 Human HT 1 080 cell line carrying the HAC vector derived from human chromosome 1 prepared in Example 8 (HT 1080 (# 2 1) bsd 79— 1-6, 14, HT 1 080 (# 2 1) bsd — H4— 1, 6, HT 1080 (# 2 1) bsd— H8 — 2) was trypsinized, seeded with 4 ⁇ 10 5 cells per well of a 6-well cluster (Nunk) and cultured for 1 day.
- a sequence containing the target site of recombination was amplified by PCR.
- the sequences of primer oligonucleotides set on pB S226 and pSF1 plasmids are shown below.
- CMVneo689 5'- GCCATCCACGCTGTTTTGAC (SEQ ID NO: 57)
- CMVneo910 5'- GCATCAGAGCAGCCGATTGT (SEQ ID NO: 58)
- any 7 strains were selected from the G41 8 resistant HT 1 0 80 cell lines, and subcultured under the conditions without addition of a selective drug.
- expression of the GFP gene was confirmed in all clones.
- the gene inserted into the HAC vector derived from human chromosome 21 can be stably expressed without being attenuated by the position effect of the insertion site, that is, the HAC vector. It was confirmed that the upper gene insertion site is not a heterochromatin region.
- Example 5 As a chromosome donor cell, the long arm distally obtained in Example 5 was deleted, and 1 oxP sequence was introduced. 2 Chromosome derived from Chromosome Chromosome 1 (# 2 1) A qGFP 7—2) and human AC from which the long arm distant obtained in Example 17 was deleted, the 1 o XP sequence was introduced, and the short arm distal was deleted CHO cells carrying the vector (CHO (# 2 1) Hy g 8) were used. Mouse ES cell line ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 14 (Hooper et al., Nature, 326: 292, 1987) was used as a recipient cell.
- the culture method of E14 is the primary culture of mouse embryos treated with mitomycin C as vegetative cells in accordance with the method described in (Shinichi Aizawa, Biomanual Series 8, Jinen-getting, Yodosha, 1 9 9 5). Cells (Invitrogen) were used. First about 1 0 8 microcells from the donor cell was prepared in the total volume 5 m 1 DMEM It was suspended in. About 10 7 E 14 were washed 3 times with DMEM, suspended in 5 ml of DMEM, combined with the microcell, and centrifuged at 1250 rpm for 10 minutes to remove the supernatant.
- CHO (# 2 1) When CHO (# 2 1) ⁇ q GF P 7-2 is used as donor cell after 24 hours 3 00 gZml of G41 8 (GENETICIN, Sigma), CHO (# 2 1) Hy g 8 as donor cell 1 50 g / m 1 of hygromycin-B (Wako Pure Chemical Industries) was added, and the medium was changed every day. After 1 week to 1 0 days resistant colonies appeared, but the frequency was 2-5 1 0 7 per E 14 cells. Its colonies were isolated growth Nigoshi suspended in storage medium 5 X 1 0 7 per lm l (for ES cell medium + 1 0% DMS O (Sigma)) and stored frozen at one 8 0 ° C . At the same time to prepare about 1 0 6 cells or et genomic DNA for each resistant strain (Puregene DNA Isolation Kit (G entra S ystem Co.)).
- the transferred chromosome and the retention region were confirmed by PCR amplification.
- the following primer oligonucleotides were newly set:
- FIG. 20a and b Human chromosome fragments were observed in 1 out of 5 strains (E 14 (# 2 1) neo 1) of the G4 18 resistant strain derived from CHO (# 2 1) ⁇ q GFP 7-2. Human chromosome fragments were observed in both strains resistant to hygromycin derived from CHO (# 2 1) Hy g 8.
- mice ES cell lines E 14 (# 2 1) neol, E 14 (# 2 1) Hy gl, and E 14 (# 2 1) Hy g 2 prepared in (3) above were used.
- Non-selective media for mouse ES cells are 18.2% FBS (Invitrogen), 3.5 g / 1 glucose (Sigma), 0.1 2 5 mM M EM non-essential amino acid (Invitrogen), l OO OUZm l LIF (ESG R0, Wako Pure Chemical Industries), 0. ImM 2 -DMEM with mercaptoethanol (Sigma).
- the mouse ES cell line was seeded with 1 ⁇ 10 7 cells on vegetative cells in a 10 cm dish, and 2 days later, 1Z15 was seeded on vegetative cells in a 10 cm dish. Cells were collected 14, 28, and 42 days after the start of the culture, and chromosomal specimens were prepared.
- HAC vector derived from chick chromosome 21 in mouse ES cells was carried out according to the method described in Matsubara et al. (FI SH Experimental Protocol, Shujunsha, 1994). Human-specific probe Cot 1 (Gibco BRL) The FI SH analysis method was used. Retention rate was calculated by observing the presence or absence of human chromosome fragments in 20 metaphase images. The results are shown in Table 19. Long-term subculture was performed in triplicate for each strain, and the average retention was shown. Table 19
- Partial fragments of the long segment of human 21 deleted from human chromosome 1 showed a tendency to decrease with long-term subculture under non-selective conditions.
- the partial fragment in which both the long arm and the short arm were deleted from human chromosome 21 was stably retained without decreasing even when the number of divisions exceeded 75.
- the number of copies of the chromosome fragment per cell at the start of the long-term subculture was 1, and no increase in the copy number was observed.
- the number of copies of chromosome fragments per cell 2 was dominant at the start of long-term subculture, the number of copies slightly decreased.
- Chromosome recipient cells include human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell line hi MS C established by human hTERT gene and human papillovirus E 6ZE 7 gene (obtained from Professor Shinya Toguchida, Kyoto University, Okamoto et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comfflun., 295: 354, 2002).
- the hi MS C strain was cultured using DMEM medium supplemented with 10% FBS.
- microcells were prepared from about 10 7 CH 0 (# 2 1) hyg 4/8 cells. That is, CHO (# 2 1) hyg 4/8 cells cultured in 6 25 cm 2 centrifuge flasks (coasters) to a cell density of about 60 to 70% saturation were treated with colcemid (0.0.75). / 2 g / m 1, demecorsin, Wako Pure Chemical) (10% FBS, 8 g / m 1 blasticidin, F 12) was cultured for 48 hours to induce micronuclei.
- cytochalasin B (10 / igZm 1, Sigma in DMEM) that has been kept warm (37 ° C) in a centrifuge flask, and place it in an acrylic centrifuge container. was inserted and centrifuged at 34 ° C., 8, 0 00 rpm, for 1 hour.
- Microcells were collected by suspending them in serum-free medium (DMEM), and purified by filtration through a filter. Purified micronucleated cells were added to hi MS C cells cultured in a 6 cm dish to 80% saturation, and fused with PEG solution.
- the transferred chromosome was confirmed by PCR amplification of the blasticidin resistance gene (see Example 4 (2-1)) and the hygromycin resistance gene (see Example 18 (2-1)). Both plastosidine resistance gene and hygromycin resistance gene were tested. Amplification was confirmed in all 5 blastcidin-resistant HT10 80 strains searched.
- the rabbit cell line As for the rabbit cell line, 5.0 ⁇ 10 5 cells were seeded in a 10 cm dish, and after 3 days, the cells were counted and again seeded with 5.0 ⁇ 10 5 cells in a 10 cm dish.
- human cell lines cells were collected at population doubling numbers of 15, 40, and 90 from the beginning of culture, and chromosome samples were prepared.
- Human 2 Chromosome fragment 1 was stably maintained in hi MS C cells at 90 divisions.
- observation of the metaphase chromosome image revealed one copy of a partial chromosome fragment per cell.
- the human 21st chromosome-derived HAC vector is stably maintained in the non-selective culture conditions in the hi MS C cell line, and the number of copies per cell is maintained. It became clear that.
- Example 21 Human mesenchymal stem cells transfected with the human 21-derived HAC vector prepared in Example 1 were induced to differentiate according to the method of Okamoto et al. (Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 295: 354, 2002) The ability to differentiate into bone, cartilage and adipocytes was examined.
- Example 2 The human mesenchymal stem cell line (hi MS C (# 2 1) bsd -H 8-1) and its parent line (hi MS C) were used.
- Induction culture is 10% FBS in DMEM 1 zM dexamethasone (Sigma), 0.2 mM Indomethacin (Sigma), 10/1 g / m1 Insulin (Sigma), 0.5 mM -3 days in induction medium supplemented with methylxanthine (Sigma). Maintenance culture was performed for 2 days in a maintenance medium in which 10 g / m 1 insulin (Roche) was added to DMEM containing 10% FBS. (4) Tissue staining
- Human 2 Mesenchymal stem cell line hi MS C (# 21) bsd— H8—1 transfected with HAC vector derived from chromosome 1 is induced to differentiate into bone, cartilage, and adipocytes, similar to the parent strain hi MS C. Positive for specific tissue staining. From the results of the above experiments (1) to (4), mesenchymal stem cells transfected with the human 21-chromosome-derived HAC vector maintain pluripotency into bone, cartilage, and adipocytes. It was confirmed.
- a mouse A 9 cell line (hereinafter referred to as A9 / SC 20, which carries human chromosome 14 fragment SC 20 (Tomizuka et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 97, 722-727, 2000). ) was used.
- A9 / SC 20 which carries human chromosome 14 fragment SC 20 (Tomizuka et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 97, 722-727, 2000).
- CMK6.4 the force quizal ES cell line CMK6.4 (Suemori et al., Dev. Dyn. 222, 273-279, 2001) was used.
- CMK6.4 culture was performed according to the method described by Suemori et al. (Supra).
- the composition of the medium is DMEM / F 12 (SI GMA D-6421), 20% KSR (Knock out serum replacement, GI BCO BRL), non-essential amino acid solution (x 100, SI GMA M 7 145), And an L-glutamine solution (X 100, SIG MA M 7522).
- ⁇ 5 x 10 6 C MK 6.4 cells were dispersed in ⁇ Lippsin solution (0.25% trypsin, 20% KSR), washed twice with DME M and suspended in 5 ml DMEM Then, together with the microcell, the supernatant was removed by centrifugation at 1500 rpm for 7 minutes.
- the 1: 1.4 PEG solution used for fusion was prepared by dissolving lg PEG (SI GMA) in 1.2 ml DMEM and adding 0.2 ml DMSO (SI GMA). The precipitate was loosened by tapping and preincubated at 37 ° C. 1: 1.
- the picked-up drug-resistant ES cell colonies were seeded on 4 well plates previously seeded with G418-resistant vegetative cells, and further cultured in the presence of 50 X g / m 1 of G418 for 10 days. As a result, surviving ES cell colonies were picked up again, seeded on 4 well plates previously seeded with vegetative cells, and cultured for 10 days under non-selective conditions.
- the proliferated ES cells were positive for alkaline phosphatase staining (Suemori et al., Supra), indicating that they remained undifferentiated. Furthermore, confirmation of introduced chromosome retention using genomic DNA extracted according to a standard method was performed as follows.
- Neo gene pSTneoB, Tomizuk et al., Nature Genet. 16, 133-143, 1997) contained in the human chromosome 14 fragment was detected by the PCR method using the drug-resistant strain genomic DNA as a saddle type.
- the base sequence of the primer-oligonucleotide used is shown below.
- the reaction conditions were about 0.1 g of genomic DNA in a saddle shape, Ta Q polymerase using evening color ExTaQ, a reaction at 94 ° C for 5 minutes, and then 94 ° C 1 5 seconds, 59 ° C 1 5 seconds and 72 ° C 20 seconds 3 to 5 cycles It was.
- neoF TGAATGAACTGCAGGACGAG (SEQ ID NO: 61)
- neoR ATACTTTCTCGGCAGGAGCA (SEQ ID NO: 62)
- pST neo B amplification that indicates the presence of the Neo gene
- pST neo B a result of PCR analysis of one G41 8 resistant monkey ES cell clone obtained A product was detected.
- Mouse ES cells produced in Example 20 and carrying the human chromosome 21 HAC vector into which the GFP gene was inserted were induced to undergo neuronal differentiation and examined for the ability to differentiate into neurons.
- the mouse ES cell line E 14 (# 2 1) ne o 1 described in Example 20 was used as the mouse ES cell.
- E 14 (# 21) neo 1 cells were seeded on mitomycin C-treated primary mouse embryo cells (Invitrogen) in a 100 mm diameter plastic dish for tissue culture, and DMEM containing 20% FBS ( Invitrogen) 2 mM L monoglutamate (impitrogen), 0, 2 mM 2-mercaptoethanol (Sigma), ImM sodium pyruvate (Invitrogen), 0. ImM MEM non-essential amino acids, 1000 U / ml LIF (Wako Pure) The cells were cultured in a medium supplemented with a drug.
- Mouse bone marrow-derived PA 6 cells which are vegetative cells for inducing differentiation, were cultured in a medium in which 2 mM L-glutamic acid (Invitrogen) was added to ⁇ (impitrogen) containing 10% FBS.
- the 1 ⁇ 10 3 GFP-expressing ES cells sorted in (1) above were suspended in a differentiation-inducing medium containing no serum and LIF and seeded on PA6 cells in a slide chamber (Nunk).
- the medium for differentiation induction is 10% knockout serum replacement (Invitrogen) 'G-MEM (Invitrogen) in 2mM L-Glutamic acid (Invitrogen), 0,2mM 2-Mercaptoethanol (Sigma), 1 mM Sodium pyruvate (Invitrogen), 0. ImM MEM non-essential amino acid added.
- the cells were cultured for 10 days, fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, and expressed specifically in neurons. 3) Immunostained with an antibody against tubulin (TUJ 1, Berkeley Ant Body Company) and observed under a confocal fluorescence microscope. The expression of GFP was confirmed in cells that extended the protrusions and displayed neuronal morphology and stained with anti-] 3 tubulin antibody.
- a human artificial chromosome (HAC) vector is provided.
- This HAC vector is stably maintained in the cell because its overall size is reduced and unnecessary genes are deleted.
- this HAC vector is constructed based on the human chromosome, it is possible to insert a large foreign DNA.
- foreign DNA can be easily introduced in a cassette format, and the introduction position can be set appropriately. The position effect is not received from.
- a large foreign DNA can be introduced into cells and expressed.
- this HAC vector can be used for production of the protein by high expression of the gene encoding the desired protein, analysis of in vivo function of a gene or protein of unknown function, and cloning of large size DNA. It is useful in fields related to genetic engineering. Sequence listing free text
- SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 62 synthetic oligonucleotide
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EP03751334.8A EP1559782B1 (en) | 2002-10-04 | 2003-10-03 | Human artificial chromosome (hac) vector |
US10/530,207 US20060185025A1 (en) | 2002-10-04 | 2003-10-03 | Human artificial chromosome (hac) vector |
JP2004541291A JPWO2004031385A1 (ja) | 2002-10-04 | 2003-10-03 | ヒト人工染色体(hac)ベクター |
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US12/900,165 Division US8703482B2 (en) | 2002-10-04 | 2010-10-07 | Human artificial chromosome (HAC) vector |
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EP (1) | EP1559782B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JPWO2004031385A1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20050048666A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1717483A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2003271095B2 (ja) |
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- 2003-10-03 JP JP2004541291A patent/JPWO2004031385A1/ja active Pending
- 2003-10-03 CA CA2501068A patent/CA2501068C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-10-03 EP EP03751334.8A patent/EP1559782B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-10-03 US US10/530,207 patent/US20060185025A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-10-03 AU AU2003271095A patent/AU2003271095B2/en not_active Expired
- 2003-10-03 KR KR1020057005701A patent/KR20050048666A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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JP2006129734A (ja) * | 2004-11-02 | 2006-05-25 | Olympus Corp | 間葉系幹細胞の培養方法 |
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US8809045B2 (en) * | 2006-07-07 | 2014-08-19 | Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd | Human artificial chromosome (HAC) vector and human cell medicine comprising same |
JP5345391B2 (ja) * | 2006-07-07 | 2013-11-20 | 協和発酵キリン株式会社 | ヒト人工染色体(hac)ベクター及びヒト人工染色体(hac)ベクターを有するヒト細胞医薬 |
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JP2012511307A (ja) * | 2008-11-28 | 2012-05-24 | オーストリア ヴィルトシャフツゼルヴィース ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | 人工染色体ベクター |
WO2011083870A1 (ja) | 2010-01-06 | 2011-07-14 | 国立大学法人鳥取大学 | マウス人工染色体ベクター |
WO2019177163A1 (ja) | 2018-03-16 | 2019-09-19 | 国立大学法人鳥取大学 | マウス人工染色体ベクター及びその使用 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2501068A1 (en) | 2004-04-15 |
EP1559782A4 (en) | 2006-06-21 |
US20060185025A1 (en) | 2006-08-17 |
CA2501068C (en) | 2014-12-16 |
AU2003271095A1 (en) | 2004-04-23 |
JP5175814B2 (ja) | 2013-04-03 |
CN1717483A (zh) | 2006-01-04 |
EP1559782B1 (en) | 2016-12-21 |
AU2003271095B2 (en) | 2009-06-11 |
JPWO2004031385A1 (ja) | 2006-02-02 |
JP2010004887A (ja) | 2010-01-14 |
EP1559782A1 (en) | 2005-08-03 |
US20120093785A1 (en) | 2012-04-19 |
US8703482B2 (en) | 2014-04-22 |
KR20050048666A (ko) | 2005-05-24 |
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