WO2004027909A1 - プロトン伝導性高分子膜およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
プロトン伝導性高分子膜およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004027909A1 WO2004027909A1 PCT/JP2003/011322 JP0311322W WO2004027909A1 WO 2004027909 A1 WO2004027909 A1 WO 2004027909A1 JP 0311322 W JP0311322 W JP 0311322W WO 2004027909 A1 WO2004027909 A1 WO 2004027909A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2218—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2256—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions other than those involving carbon-to-carbon bonds, e.g. obtained by polycondensation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
- H01B1/122—Ionic conductors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04197—Preventing means for fuel crossover
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1032—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having sulfur, e.g. sulfonated-polyethersulfones [S-PES]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1067—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by their physical properties, e.g. porosity, ionic conductivity or thickness
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1069—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes
- H01M8/1072—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes by chemical reactions, e.g. insitu polymerisation or insitu crosslinking
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2381/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Polysulfones; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2381/04—Polysulfides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a proton conductive polymer membrane and a method for producing the same.
- a proton conductive polymer membrane is a main constituent material of electrochemical devices such as a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, a humidity sensor, a gas sensor, and an electrochromic display device.
- electrochemical devices such as a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, a humidity sensor, a gas sensor, and an electrochromic display device.
- polymer electrolyte fuel cells are expected to be one of the pillars of future new energy technologies.
- a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC or PEMFC), which uses a proton conductive polymer membrane made of a polymer conjugate as an electrolyte membrane, can operate at low temperatures and can be reduced in size and weight.
- Applications to mobile objects such as automobiles, home cogeneration systems, and small portable devices for consumer use are being studied.
- DMFCs direct methanol fuel cells
- sulfonated polyimide for example, JP-A-2000-510
- Sulfonated heat-resistant aromatic polymers have been proposed.
- proton-conductive polymer membranes made of sulfonated SEBS (styrene- (ethylene-butylene) -styrene), which is inexpensive, mechanically and chemically stable (Table 10). No. 788) has been proposed. It is said that these sulfonated hydrocarbon polymer membranes are easy to manufacture and can be reduced in cost.
- proton conductivity is insufficient for use as an electrolyte membrane for PEFC, which requires high proton conductivity.
- polyphenylene sulfide is substantially insoluble in solvents, and is inferior in processability such as film-forming properties as compared with other solvent-soluble proton-conductive substances.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,110,265 discloses a method in which polyphenylene sulfide is reacted with fuming sulfuric acid to prepare sulfonated polyphenylene sulfide and used as a cation exchange material. Is disclosed.
- this substance is a solvent-insoluble crosslinkable polymer, it is difficult to use it after further processing.
- H11-151198 proposes a sulfonated polyphenylene sulfide that is soluble in an aprotic polar solvent. It discloses a method for preparing a polymer which can be easily processed into a film by imparting solubility to an aprotic polar solvent by modifying polyphenylene sulfide.
- the methods disclosed herein include various processes such as denaturation (sulfonation) of polyethylene sulfide, recovery of denatured product by precipitation and drying, preparation of nonprotonic polar solvent solution, film formation and solvent removal. It goes through.
- WO 02/0286896 pamphlet discloses a method for producing a sulfonated aromatic polymer membrane such as sulfonated polyphenylene sulfide.
- a sulfonated aromatic polymer membrane such as sulfonated polyphenylene sulfide.
- chlorosulfonic acid is used as a sulfonating agent and dichloromethane is used as a solvent.
- the sulfonated polymer membrane obtained by this method also increases the permeation of methanol if the amount of proton-conducting substituents such as sulfonate groups is increased to obtain high proton conductivity. It is easily assumed.
- the electrolyte membrane of the direct methanol fuel cell is required to suppress methanol permeation without lowering the proton conductivity.However, there is a trade-off between proton conductivity and methanol barrier property. Therefore, it is difficult to balance these characteristics.
- the object of the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and is useful as an electrolyte membrane for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell or a direct methanol fuel cell, a proton conductivity having both proton conductivity and methanol barrier property.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a high-strength membrane and a manufacturing method thereof. That is, the proton conductive polymer membrane of the present invention has a proton conductivity [SZ cm] at 23 ° C. and a methanol barrier coefficient [(cm • day) Z zmo 1 for a predetermined concentration of aqueous methanol solution at 25 ° C. ] [(S ⁇ day) Z mo 1] is at least one of the following (A) or (B):
- the present invention relates to those having an ion exchange capacity of 0.3 meq / g or more and having a crystalline phase.
- the proton conductive polymer membrane contains a sulfonic acid group.
- the proton conductive polymer membrane is preferably made of a hydrocarbon polymer compound, and more preferably a crystalline aromatic polymer compound. Even more preferred is polyphenylene sulfide.
- the proton conductive polymer membrane preferably has a breaking extension of 10% or more as measured according to JIS K 7127.
- the proton conductivity at 23 ° C of the proton conducting polymer membrane is at 1. 0X 10-3 S / cm or more, more preferably 1. OX 10- 2 SZcm more.
- Methanol barrier coefficient at 64% by weight of methanol Ichiru aqueous solution 25 ° C in the proton-conducting polymer membrane, 3. 0X 10- 4 (cm ⁇ day) / mo is good preferable is 1 or more.
- the proton conductive polymer membrane is preferably irradiated with at least one kind of radiation selected from the group consisting of an r-ray, an electron beam and an ion beam, and the irradiation amount of the radiation is 10 to: L 000 More preferably, it is kGy.
- the present invention also relates to a membrane-electrode assembly using the proton conductive polymer membrane. At least one of the catalyst layers of the membrane-electrode assembly is made of a platinum and ruthenium catalyst.
- the present invention also relates to a polymer electrolyte fuel cell using the proton conductive polymer membrane or the membrane-electrode assembly.
- the present invention also provides a direct methanol fuel cell using the proton conductive polymer membrane or the membrane-electrode assembly.
- the method for producing a proton-conductive high-molecular-weight membrane of the present invention comprises contacting a film made of a hydrocarbon-based polymer compound with a sulfonating agent so that the proton conductivity [S / cm] and the methanol cutoff coefficient [(cm * day) Zmo1] for a predetermined concentration of aqueous methanol solution at 25 ° C [(S.day) Zzmo1] is at least the following ( ⁇ ) or ( ⁇ ) And a method of obtaining one that satisfies either one of the above.
- the film comprising the crystalline hydrocarbon-based polymer conjugate is brought into contact with a sulfonating agent so that the ion exchange capacity is 0.3.
- the hydrocarbon-based polymer compound is a crystalline hydrocarbon-based polymer compound, and more preferably, polyphenylene sulfide. .
- the sulfonating agent is at least one selected from the group consisting of chlorosulfonic acid, fuming sulfuric acid, sulfur trioxide, and concentrated sulfuric acid. It is preferable that the film and the sulfonating agent are brought into contact in the presence of a solvent, and it is more preferable that the solvent is a halide having 3 or more carbon atoms.
- the solvent is 1-chloropropane, 1-bromopropane, 1-chlorobutane, 2-chlorobutane, 1-chloro-2-methylpropane, 1-bromobutane, 2-bromobutane, 1-bromo-2-methylpropane, 1_ It is preferably at least one member selected from the group consisting of chloropentane, 1-bromopentane, 1-chlorohexane, 1-bromohexane, chlorocyclohexane and bromomocyclohexane. More preferably, there is.
- the sulfonating agent is sulfur trioxide, and relates to contacting a gas containing sulfur trioxide with a film made of a hydrocarbon polymer.
- the irradiation amount of the radiation is 10 to 100 kGy.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of the membrane-electrode assembly of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (direct methanol fuel cell) of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a main part of the direct methanol fuel cell of the present invention.
- 1 is a proton conductive polymer membrane
- 2 and 3 are binder layers
- 4 and 5 are catalyst layers
- 6 and 7 are diffusion layers
- 8 and 9 are catalysts.
- a supported gas diffusion electrode 10 is a membrane-electrode assembly
- 11 and 12 are separators
- 13 is a fuel flow path
- 14 is an oxidizer flow path
- 15 is a fuel tank
- 1 represents 6 branches.
- FIG. 4 is an X-ray diffraction chart of the proton conductive polymer membrane of Example 1.
- FIG. 5 is an X-ray diffraction chart of the proton conductive polymer membrane of Example 2.
- FIG. 6 is an X-ray diffraction chart of the proton conductive polymer membrane of Example 3.
- FIG. 7 is an X-ray diffraction chart of the proton conductive polymer membrane of Example 17.
- FIG. 8 is an X-ray diffraction chart of the proton conductive polymer membrane of Comparative Example 3.
- FIG. 9 is an X-ray diffraction chart of the proton conductive polymer membrane of Comparative Example 4.
- the proton-conducting polymer membrane of the present invention has a proton conductivity [S / cm] at 23 and a methanol blocking coefficient [(cm * day) / o 1 for an aqueous methanol solution having a predetermined concentration at 25 ° C.
- the product [(S ⁇ day) Z mo 1] preferably satisfies at least one of the following (A) or (B).
- the proton conductivity in the present invention indicates the ease of movement of protons ( ⁇ +) in the proton conductive polymer membrane.
- the membrane resistance can be calculated by measuring the membrane resistance of the proton-conductive membrane by a known AC impedance method.
- the methanol cutoff coefficient indicates the difficulty of permeating methanol through a proton conductive high ⁇ membrane.
- the methanol permeability coefficient of the proton conductive polymer membrane is measured by a known method, and is defined by its reciprocal. For example, using a commercially available membrane permeation test apparatus, ion-exchanged water and a predetermined concentration of aqueous methanol solution are separated by a proton-conductive polymer membrane.
- the amount of methanol permeated to the ion-exchanged water side is quantified by gas chromatography, and the methanol permeation coefficient is determined therefrom. Further, by taking the reciprocal of the methanol permeation coefficient, the methanol cutoff coefficient can be calculated. The flowchart for calculating these methanol cutoff coefficients is shown below.
- the proton conductive polymer membrane of the present invention As an electrolyte membrane of a direct methanol fuel cell using an aqueous methanol solution as a fuel, not only high proton conductivity but also high proton conductivity is required. It is required to prevent cell characteristics from deteriorating due to permeation of methanol as a fuel, that is, to have high methanol barrier properties.
- the proton-conducting polymer membrane of the present invention since the product of the proton conductivity and the methanol blocking coefficient is a specific value or more, the proton conductivity is too low or the methanol permeation is too large. As a result, it is possible to exhibit excellent performance as an electrolyte membrane for a direct methanol fuel cell without performance degradation. , 1322
- the membrane of the present invention reduces fuel loss due to methanol permeation, so that a small amount of methanol is required to satisfy certain power generation characteristics.
- the capacity of auxiliary equipment such as a fuel tank can be reduced, and the weight energy density and volume energy density of a direct methanol fuel cell can be improved. Further, performance degradation due to permeated methanol can be suppressed, which is preferable.
- the proton conductive polymer membrane of the present invention is compared with a membrane having the same methanol barrier properties and a low proton conductivity and not satisfying the above ( ⁇ ) and ( ⁇ ),
- the membrane of the present invention has excellent proton conductivity, so that it can exhibit excellent power generation characteristics.
- the film area and the number of cells required to obtain the required characteristics can be reduced. This is preferable because the fuel cell main body can be reduced in size and weight, and the weight energy density and the volume energy density of the direct fuel cell can be directly improved.
- the product of the proton conductivity for a 10% by weight aqueous methanol solution at 23 ° C. and the methanol cutoff coefficient for a 10% by weight aqueous methanol solution at 25 ° C. is 2.5.
- X 1 0- 4 (S 'Dec) ⁇ ⁇ 1 more than is the upper limit value is not particularly, this product is 2. 5 X 1 0- 4 ( S ⁇ day) Zmmo 1 or more, 2. 5 X 1 0- 1 (S ⁇ day) Zzmo 1 or less is preferable.
- the product of the proton conductivity for a 64% by weight aqueous methanol solution at 23 ° C and the methanol blocking coefficient for a 64% by weight aqueous methanol solution at 25 ° C is 4.5 X 1 0- 5 (S ⁇ day) ⁇ / ⁇ 1 more than is the upper limit value is not particularly, this product is 4. 5 X 1 0- 5 ( S ⁇ day) / zmo 1 or more, 4. 5 X 1 0- 2 (S ⁇ day) It is preferably 1 or less.
- the proton conductive polymer membrane of the present invention preferably has an ion exchange capacity of 0.3 meq Zg or more and has a crystalline phase.
- the proton conductive polymer membrane contains a sulfonic acid group as a proton conductive substituent, the proton conductive polymer membrane has a high crystallinity. A state in which a predetermined amount of sulfonic acid groups are mainly contained in an amorphous phase of a molecular compound, and a crystalline phase derived from the crystalline polymer conjugate remains in a form processed into a film shape. Refers to If the ion exchange capacity is lower than the above range, the proton conductivity of the proton conductive polymer membrane may be low.
- Whether the proton-conductive polymer membrane of the present invention has a crystalline phase can be determined by a known method for measuring crystallinity.
- the volumetric method density method
- X-ray diffraction infrared absorption spectrum method
- NMR nuclear magnetic resonance method
- calorimetric method etc.
- any material capable of confirming a crystalline peak in X-ray diffraction may be used.
- the degree of crystallinity may be measured from the melting endotherm and the recrystallization exotherm that can be measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) or differential thermal analysis (DTA) to confirm the presence or absence of a crystalline phase.
- DSC differential scanning calorimetry
- DTA differential thermal analysis
- the crystallinity of the proton conductive polymer membrane of the present invention is not particularly limited, it is preferably about 5% of the saturated crystallinity specific to the crystalline carbon-containing polymer compound constituting the crystalline polymer membrane. Should just remain. Further, it is more preferable that 20% or more of the saturated crystallinity remains.
- the crystallinity is less than 5% of the saturation crystallinity, the properties of the proton conductive polymer film, particularly, mechanical properties such as tensile elongation and metal barrier properties are desired. It may be lower than the value. For example, for polyphenylene sulfide, the saturation crystallinity is 60%. For other crystalline polymer compounds, the values described in publicly known documents and the like can be referred to.
- a substituent and Z or a substance capable of conducting a proton be included in the membrane.
- the substituent capable of conducting a proton include a phosphoric acid group, a carboxylic acid group, and a phenolic hydroxyl group, in addition to the above-mentioned sulfonic acid group.
- a sulfonic acid group and a substituent containing Z or a sulfonic acid group are preferable in consideration of the ease of introduction of the substituent and the characteristics represented by the proton conductivity of the obtained membrane.
- the sulfonic acid group means a sulfonic acid group represented by the following formula (1) or a substituent containing a sulfonic acid group represented by the following general formula (2).
- R represents a divalent organic group comprising at least one kind of a bonding unit selected from the group consisting of alkylene, halogenated alkylene, arylene, and arylene halide, or an ether bond.
- the proton conductive polymer compound of the present invention is preferably made of a hydrocarbon polymer in consideration of methanol barrier properties and the like.
- the hydrocarbon polymer compound include polyacrylamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyarylethersulfone, poly (arylphenylether), polyethyleneoxide, polyetherethersulfone, polyetherketone, and polyetherketoneketone.
- the hydrocarbon-based polymer compound is a crystalline aromatic compound such as syndiotactic polystyrene, polyphenylene sulfide, or polyetheretherketone. It is preferably a polymer conjugate. Further, polyphenylene sulfide is more preferable because of high proton conductivity, excellent mechanical properties, and high methanol barrier property.
- the polyphenylene sulfide of the present invention comprises a repeating structural unit represented by the following formula (3).
- Ar is a divalent aromatic unit represented by the following formulas (4) to (6), and n is an integer of 1 or more]
- a part of Ar of the polyphenylene sulfide may contain the following structural unit as necessary.
- the proton conductive polymer membrane of the present invention preferably has an elongation at break of 10% or more as measured according to JIS K 7127. It is more preferably at least 15%, and even more preferably at least 20%. If the elongation at break is less than 10%, for example, when used as an electrolyte in a solid polymer fuel cell or a direct fuel cell, the water contained in the fuel or oxidant or the water generated by the reaction If the film swells and undergoes dimensional deformation, it will not be able to follow up sufficiently and may be destroyed.
- the types of the hydrocarbon-based high molecular compound and the crystalline aromatic high molecular compound, which are the components of the proton conductive polymer membrane It is necessary to appropriately set the ion exchange capacity necessary for developing the proton conductivity in consideration of the ion exchange capacity.
- the elongation at break tends to decrease as the ion exchange capacity increases, so that a proton conductive polymer membrane with an optimized ion exchange capacity is manufactured to satisfy the desired proton conductivity and elongation at break. There is a need to.
- the ion exchange capacity of the proton conductive polymer membrane of the present invention is preferably at least 0.3 meq Zg, more preferably at least 0.5 meq Zg, and still more preferably 1.0 meq Zg. That is all. If the ion exchange capacity is lower than 0.3 meq Zg, a desired proton conductivity may not be exhibited, which is not preferable. There is no particular upper limit for the ion exchange capacity of the proton conductive polymer membrane of the present invention. However, the ion exchange capacity is preferably not less than 0.3 meq Zg and not more than 5.0 meq Zg.
- the proton conducting polymer membrane of the present invention, the proton conductivity at at 23, is favored properly is a 1.
- OX 10_ 3 SZcm or more more preferably 1. 0X10- 2 S / cm That is all. If the proton conductivity is lower than 1. 0X 10- 3 S / cm, the use of the present light of the proton conducting polymer membrane as electrolytic membrane of a high fuel cell or direct methanol Ichiru fuel cell In such a case, sufficient power generation characteristics may not be exhibited. There is no particular upper limit for the proton conductivity at 23 ° C. of the proton conductive polymer membrane of the present invention. The proton conductivity at But 23, 1. OX 10- 3 S / cm or more, 1. is preferably OSZcm less, 1. 0 X 10_ 2 S / cm or more, 1. 0 SZ cm or less It is more preferred.
- the types of the hydrocarbon-based polymer compound and the crystalline aromatic polymer compound, etc., which are components of the proton-conducting polymer membrane are considered. Then, the introduction amount of a proton conductive substituent such as a sulfonic acid group or the like may be controlled.
- the methanol cutoff coefficient of the proton conducting polymer membrane of the present invention is not standardized by the methanol concentration, it depends on the concentration of the aqueous methanol solution used for the measurement.
- aqueous solution at 25 is preferably 3. 0X 10- 4 (cm ⁇ day) / [io 1 or more, more preferably 5.
- the main Tano Ichiru blockage factor is 3.
- Methanol barrier coefficient at 64% by weight of the main Yunoichiru aqueous solution at 25 pro tons conducting polymer membrane of the present invention 3. 0X 1 0- 4 (cm- day) Bruno mo 1 or more is preferred, There is no particular upper limit. But as the methanol barrier coefficient at 64 wt% methanol aqueous solution at 25, 3. 0X 1 0- 4 ( cm * day) Znmo 1 or more, 3. 0X 10- 1 (cm ⁇ day) Z mo 1 below More preferably, there is.
- the types of the hydrocarbon polymer compound and the crystalline aromatic polymer compound, which are the components of the proton conductive polymer membrane Ion exchange capacity required to develop desired proton conductivity, etc. It is necessary to set appropriately in consideration of. Basically, the higher the ion exchange capacity, the lower the methanol blocking coefficient tends to be.Therefore, proton conductive substituents such as sulfonic acid groups are required to satisfy the desired proton conductivity and methanol transmission coefficient. And the amount of proton-conducting substance introduced may be controlled.
- the proton conductive polymer membrane of the present invention is preferably one that has been irradiated with at least one kind of radiation selected from the group consisting of an ⁇ -ray, an electron beam and an ion beam.
- the proton conductivity tends to increase.
- methanol barrier properties may be improved.
- an electron beam is preferred from the viewpoints of radiation dose, permeability to the proton-conducting polymer membrane, and irradiation time (industrial continuous irradiation).
- the radiation irradiation atmosphere can be selected from any of air, an oxygen-free atmosphere, and a vacuum atmosphere, but is preferably air in consideration of productivity.
- an atmosphere in which irradiation of radiation does not cause deterioration of the proton conductive polymer membrane may be appropriately set.
- the irradiation atmosphere or the membrane may be heated in order to efficiently modify the proton conductive polymer membrane by irradiation. At this time, conditions that do not cause deterioration of the proton conductive polymer membrane may be appropriately set.
- the acceleration voltage of the radiation is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 5.0 OM eV. If the accelerating voltage is lower than 0.01 MeV, the permeability of radiation to the proton-conducting polymer membrane becomes low, and it tends to be difficult to obtain a uniform membrane even inside the membrane. In addition, long-time irradiation is required to secure the required irradiation dose, and productivity tends to decrease significantly. If it exceeds 5. OMeV, the apparatus tends to be unnecessarily large or the proton conductive polymer membrane tends to be inferior.
- the irradiation dose of the radiation is preferably from 10 to: lOOOkGy.
- the irradiation dose is smaller than 10 kGy, a sufficient irradiation effect does not tend to appear.
- it exceeds 1000 kGy the irradiation effect tends to be saturated, the irradiation time becomes longer, and the proton conductive polymer film tends to deteriorate or deteriorate in characteristics.
- the thickness of the proton-conducting polymer membrane of the present invention can be arbitrarily selected depending on the application. is there. In consideration of reducing the internal resistance of the membrane, if it is used for an electrolyte membrane of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell within the range of practical mechanical strength, the fuel and the fuel should be shut off. The thinner the better, the better. As for the characteristics as an electrolyte membrane, as long as the ion exchange capacity and the proton conductivity are equivalent, the thinner the thickness, the lower the resistance value as the membrane. Therefore, the thickness of the film is preferably 5 to 200 im, and more preferably 20 to 150 m. If the thickness is less than 5 m, pinholes and film cracks tend to occur during use.
- the barrier properties against fuel and oxidizing agent become insufficient, which tends to cause performance degradation.
- the barrier properties against methanol become insufficient, and the performance tends to decrease due to methanol permeation.
- it exceeds 200 m the resistance of the proton-conducting polymer membrane tends to be large, which tends to cause a decrease in performance.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of a membrane-electrode assembly using the proton conductive polymer membrane of the present invention. This is because a proton conductive polymer membrane 1 and binder layers 2 and 3 are formed on both sides of the membrane 1 if necessary, and catalyst layers 4 and 5 and diffusion layers 6 and 7 are further provided on the outside thereof.
- the medium-carrying gas diffusion electrodes 8 and 9 are arranged to constitute the membrane-electrode assembly 10. Examples of the catalyst-supporting gas diffusion electrodes 8 and 9 include, but are not limited to, a method using a commercially available catalyst-supporting gas diffusion electrode (manufactured by E-TEK, USA).
- the proton conductive polymer membrane 1 of the present invention is used as the proton conductive polymer membrane 1.
- the binder layers 2 and 3 may be the same or different, and may or may not be formed as needed.
- perfluorocarboxylic acid sulfonic acid-based polymer compounds represented by naphthion and known solvent-soluble proton conductive polymers such as sulfonated polyetheretherketone, sulfonated polyestersulfone, and sulfonated polyimide High molecular compounds are used. These are used for bonding (adhering) the proton conductive polymer membrane 1 and the catalyst layer 4.5.
- the catalyst layers 4 and 5 may be the same or different, and a catalyst having the ability to oxidize the fuel used (eg, ice, methanol, etc.) is used on one side.
- the other uses a catalyst capable of reducing the oxidizing agent used (oxygen, air, etc.).
- a catalyst capable of reducing the oxidizing agent used oxygen, air, etc.
- a material in which a noble metal catalyst such as platinum is supported on a high surface area conductive material such as activated carbon, carbon nanohorn, or carbon nanotube is used.
- a composite of platinum and ruthenium or an alloy catalyst is used instead of platinum to suppress poisoning of the catalyst.
- the diffusion layers 6 and 7 may be the same or different, and a porous conductive material such as force-pone-force or force-pon-cross is used. These are water that is supplied or water that is generated by the electrochemical reaction.To prevent pores from being blocked, water-repellent treatment with a fluorine-based compound such as polytetrafluoroethylene is performed as necessary. Is also good.
- the catalyst layers 4 and 5 are formed of perfluorocarbonsulfonic acid-based polymer compound represented by naphion, sulfonated polyester ether ketone, or sulfonated polyether.
- a known solvent-soluble proton-conducting polymer compound such as ether sulfone or sulfonide polyimide is formed as a binder, and catalyst-supporting gas diffusion electrodes 8 and 9 are prepared and used.
- the catalyst layers 4 and 5 is made of a platinum and ruthenium catalyst.
- a material having high methanol barrier properties is used as the proton conductive polymer membrane 1
- unreacted methanol in one catalyst layer 4 passes through the proton conductive polymer membrane 1
- poisoning of the catalyst of the other catalyst layer 5 can be suppressed, which is preferable.
- Known or arbitrary methods can be selected for the method for producing the membrane-electrode assembly 10 of the present invention.
- an organic solvent solution of the constituent materials of the binders 2 and 3 is applied on the catalyst layers 4 and 5 of the catalyst-supporting gas diffusion electrodes 8 and 9, and then the solvent is removed. Place on both sides of membrane 1.
- press machines such as hot press machine and roll press machine
- the membrane-electrode assembly 10 can be prepared by hot pressing at a pressing temperature of about 120 to 250 ° C. If necessary, the membrane-electrode assembly 10 may be prepared without using the binders 2 and 3.
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a main part of a solid polymer fuel cell (direct methanol fuel cell) using the proton conductive polymer membrane or the membrane-electrode assembly of the present invention.
- the plates 11 and 12 are made of graphite-metal plates with conductivity and chemical stability, and have a barrier to fuel and oxidants. Further, these may be subjected to a water-repellent treatment or a corrosion-resistant treatment as necessary.
- flow paths 13 and 14 for feeding fuel gas or liquid and oxidant are formed, and solid polymer fuel cells (direct methanol fuel cells) are formed. ) Is configured.
- a gas or liquid containing hydrogen as a main component and a gas or liquid containing methanol as a main component are supplied to one flow path 13 as a fuel gas or liquid, and a gas containing oxygen as an oxidant (oxygen or air) Is supplied to the other flow paths 14, thereby operating the polymer electrolyte fuel cell. If methanol is used as the fuel at this time, it will be a direct methanol fuel cell.
- the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (direct methanol fuel cell) of the present invention may be used alone or in a plurality of layers to form a stack and used, or a fuel cell system incorporating them may be used.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of a direct methanol fuel cell comprising the proton conductive polymer membrane 1 or the membrane-electrode assembly 10 of the present invention.
- the membrane-electrode assembly 10 The required number is arranged in a plane on both sides of a fuel (methanol or methanol aqueous solution) tank 15 having a function of filling and supplying a methanol or methanol aqueous solution. Further, on the outside thereof, a support 16 having an oxidant flow path 14 formed thereon is disposed, and is sandwiched by these to constitute a cell or stack of a direct methanol fuel cell.
- JP 2001-93561, JP 2001-102069, JP 2001-102070, JP 2001-283888, JP 2000-268835, JP 2000-268836 It can be used as an electrolyte membrane or a membrane-electrode assembly of a direct methanol fuel cell known in JP-A-2001-283892 and the like.
- the method for producing a proton conductive polymer membrane of the present invention comprises the steps of: producing a proton conductive polymer [SZ cm] at 23 ° C. and a predetermined concentration of meta at 25 ° C.
- the product of the methanol barrier coefficient [(cm ⁇ day) ZJLL dynamics [(S ⁇ day) / mo 1] for the aqueous solution of knol is at least one of the following (A) or (B):
- a film made of a hydrocarbon-based polymer compound and a sulfonating agent are formed.
- a method for producing a proton conductive polymer membrane having an ion exchange capacity of 0.3 meq Zg or more and having a crystalline phase comprising: a film comprising a crystalline hydrocarbon polymer compound; It is preferred to contact with a sulfonating agent.
- a sulfonating agent Where the sulphate to the amorphous phase
- the introduction of sulfonic acid groups does not mean that sulfonic acid groups are not introduced at all into the crystal phase of the film composed of the crystalline hydrocarbon-based high-conjugation product. Means that a crystal phase remains.
- the thickness of the film made of the hydrocarbon polymer compound or the crystalline hydrocarbon polymer compound can be arbitrarily selected according to the intended use. In consideration of uniformly introducing sulfonic acid groups to the inside of the film and reducing the internal resistance of the proton conductive polymer membrane, the thinner the film, the better. On the other hand, considering the methanol barrier property and the handling property, it is not preferable that the film thickness is too thin. In consideration of these, the thickness of the film is preferably 1.2 to 350 im. If the thickness of the film is thinner than 1.2, it is difficult to manufacture, and at the time of processing, there is a tendency for stiffness or breakage to occur, and the eight-dling property tends to be deteriorated. It becomes difficult to uniformly sulfonate the inside, and the internal resistance of the obtained proton conductive polymer membrane also increases, which may lower the proton conductivity.
- sulfonating agent known sulfonating agents such as chlorosulfonic acid, fuming sulfuric acid, sulfur trioxide, sulfur trioxide-triethyl phosphate, concentrated sulfuric acid, trimethylsilyl chlorosulfate, and trimethylbenzenesulfonic acid can be used.
- chlorosulfonic acid fuming sulfuric acid, sulfur trioxide, sulfur trioxide-triethyl phosphate, concentrated sulfuric acid, trimethylsilyl chlorosulfate, and trimethylbenzenesulfonic acid
- cyclic sulfur-containing compounds such as propane sultone and 1,4-butanesanoletone can be combined with a cyclic sulfur-containing compound in the presence of a catalyst such as aluminum chloride in accordance with the Friedel-Crafts reaction.
- a method in which an aromatic unit in a system polymer compound is brought into contact to introduce a substituent containing a sulfonic acid group such as a sulfopropyl group or a sulfobutyl group can also be used.
- the proton conductive polymer membrane of the present invention is preferably produced by bringing a film made of the above polymer compound into contact with a sulfonating agent in the presence of a solvent.
- a halide having 3 or more carbon atoms have a higher boiling point and a higher volatility than those of halogenated compounds having 2 or less carbon atoms such as dichloromethane and 1,2-dichloroethane, which are generally used when sulfonating hydrocarbon compounds. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide any additional equipment for preventing the solvent from evaporating or recovering the evaporated solvent, so that the manufacturing cost of the additional equipment can be reduced.
- the obtained proton conductive polymer membrane is less likely to have reduced methanol barrier property, and a proton conductive polymer membrane having both high proton conductivity and high methanol barrier property can be obtained.
- halides having 3 or more carbon atoms that can be used in the present invention include, for example, when polyphenylene sulfide is used as a hydrocarbon-based polymer compound, dichloromethane or 1,2- Instead of low-carbon hydrocarbons such as dichloroethane, 1-chloropropane, 1-bromopropane, 1-chloropropane, 1-chlorobutane, 2-chlorobutane, 1-chloro-2-methylpropane, 1-bromobutane, 2-bromobutane, 1-bromo-2-methylpropane, 1-odobutane, 2-iodobutane, 1-odo-2-methylpropane, 1-clo mouth pentane, 1-bromopentane, 1-iodopentane, 1- Black hexane, 1-bromohexane, 1-horde hexane, chlorocyclohexane, bromocyclohexane, Hydrocyclo
- 1-chloro-propane, 1-chlorobutane, 2-chlorobutane, 1-chloro-2-methylpropane, 1-chloro-mouth pentane, 1-chloro-hexane, and chlorocyclo-hexane Preferably, at least one selected from the group consisting of Among these solvents, from the viewpoint of industrial availability and the properties of the obtained proton conductive polymer membrane, 1-chlorobutane is preferred.
- the amount of the sulfonating agent to be used is preferably 0.5 to 30 equivalents, more preferably 0.5 to 15 equivalents, based on the aromatic unit in the hydrocarbon polymer compound.
- the use amount of the sulfonating agent is less than 0.5 equivalent, there is a tendency that the introduction amount of the sulfonic acid group decreases or the time required for introduction increases.
- it exceeds 30 equivalents the polymer film is chemically degraded, the mechanical strength of the resulting proton-conductive polymer membrane is reduced, handling becomes difficult, and sulfonic acid group If the amount is too large, the practical properties of the proton conductive polymer membrane tend to be impaired, such as a decrease in methanol barrier properties.
- the concentration of the sulfonating agent in the solvent may be appropriately set in consideration of the target amount of sulfonic acid group to be introduced and the reaction conditions (temperature and time). Specifically, it is preferably from 0.1 to 10% by weight, and more preferably from 0.2 to 5% by weight. If the amount is less than 0.1% by weight, the sulfonating agent and the aromatic unit in the polymer compound are hardly in contact with each other, and the desired sulfonate group cannot be introduced or takes too long to introduce. There is. On the other hand, if it exceeds 10% by weight, the introduction of sulfonic acid groups becomes non-uniform, and the mechanical properties of the obtained proton conductive polymer membrane tend to be impaired.
- reaction temperature and the reaction time at the time of contact are not particularly limited, but may be 0 to 100, more preferably 10 to 30 ° C, 0.5 hours or more, and more preferably 2 to 100 hours. It is preferable to set the range. If the reaction temperature is lower than 0 ° C, measures such as cooling on the equipment are required, and the reaction tends to take longer than necessary.If the temperature exceeds 100 ° C, the reaction proceeds excessively. And tend to reduce the properties of the film by causing side reactions.
- reaction time is shorter than 0.5 hour, the sulfonating agent and the polymer compound Insufficient contact with the aromatic unit tends to make it difficult to introduce the desired sulfonic acid group. If the reaction time exceeds 100 hours, the productivity tends to decrease significantly and the film There is a tendency that significant improvement in characteristics cannot be expected. In practice, it is possible to efficiently produce a proton-conducting polymer membrane having desired characteristics in consideration of the reaction system such as the sulfonating agent and the solvent to be used, the target production amount, and the like.
- ⁇ washing is preferably performed to remove unreacted sulfonating agent and solvent.
- continuous washing with water and drying under appropriate conditions can be performed to obtain a proton conductive polymer membrane. preferable.
- washing instead of washing, after neutralizing and washing with sodium hydroxide solution
- An acid treatment may be performed to obtain a proton conductive polymer membrane.
- the sulfonating agent is sulfur trioxide
- the gas is produced by contacting a gas containing sulfur trioxide with a film made of a hydrocarbon polymer compound.
- the step of introducing a sulfonic acid group becomes a dry treatment, and the steps and costs relating to raw materials and regeneration treatment can be reduced without using a solvent for sulfonation.
- the method for producing a proton conductive polymer membrane of the present invention may be performed continuously. That is, a film composed of a hydrocarbon polymer compound to be treated is continuously supplied to a reaction tank with a sulfonating agent, and a washing step and a drying step are continuously performed as necessary. It is not necessary to purify or recover the proton conductive polymer membrane in the middle of the process. By this method, the productivity of the proton conductive polymer membrane is improved.
- a sulfonic acid group can be introduced in a film (membrane) shape by bringing the polymer film into contact with a sulfonating agent in a reaction vessel. Therefore, compared with a conventional method of synthesizing a sulfonated polymer in a homogeneous reaction system and then processing it into a membrane, steps such as recovery, purification, and drying of the reactant, dissolution of the sulfonated polymer in a solvent, Steps such as coating on the support and removing the solvent can be omitted. preferable. Furthermore, since the film is continuously supplied, the productivity is remarkably improved.
- the conditions for removal and washing may be appropriately set in consideration of the type of the sulfonating agent and the hydrocarbon polymer compound to be used.However, the remaining sulfonating agent is inactivated by washing with water, or an alkali is used. And may be neutralized.
- the proton conductive polymer membrane can be recovered in a practically usable form.
- the drying conditions may be appropriately set in consideration of the type of the polymer film to be used and the characteristics of the obtained proton conductive polymer membrane. Since the sulfonic acid group has strong hydrophilicity, it may be significantly swelled due to water in the washing process. For this reason, it may shrink during drying and cause irregularities such as wrinkles and swelling. Therefore, when drying, it is preferable to apply an appropriate tension in the plane direction of the proton conductive polymer membrane and dry. Also, in order to suppress rapid drying, drying may be performed gradually under the control of humidity.
- the sulfide unit (1 S—) in the polymer film is converted to the sulfoxide unit (1 SO—) ⁇ Oxidized to sulfone units (-S 0 2 —), sulfoxide units (one SO—) are oxidized to sulfone units (one S 0 2 —), and phenylene units of hydrogen May be substituted by a substituent such as 1C1.
- a structural unit generated as a result of the side reaction may be included as long as the properties of the obtained proton conductive polymer membrane are not significantly reduced.
- the method for producing a proton conductive polymer membrane of the present invention further comprises the step of adding at least one kind selected from the group consisting of a beam, an electron beam, and an ion beam to the proton conductive polymer membrane obtained by the method. It is preferable to irradiate the radiation, and the irradiation amount is preferably from 10 to: I000 kGy.
- a plasticizer, an antioxidant, an antistatic agent, an antibacterial agent, a lubricant, a surfactant An appropriate amount of an additive such as a filler may be contained.
- a proton conductive polymer membrane (about 10 mm x 40 mm) is immersed in 2 O mL of a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride at 25 ° C, and reacted in a water bath at 6 O: for 3 hours. Cool to 25 ° C, then wash the membrane thoroughly with ion-exchanged water and collect all saturated aqueous sodium chloride and washing water. To the recovered solution, a phenolphthalein solution is added as an indicator, and the solution is neutralized and titrated with a 0.01 N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution to calculate an ion exchange capacity.
- a Vitrex membrane permeation test apparatus In an environment of 25 ° C, use a Vitrex membrane permeation test apparatus to separate ion-exchanged water and a predetermined concentration of aqueous methanol solution with a proton-conducting polymer membrane. After a lapse of a predetermined time, collect a solution containing methanol that has permeated to the ion-exchanged water side, and quantify the methanol content by gas chromatography. From this quantitative result, the methanol permeation rate is calculated, and the methanol permeation coefficient and the methanol cutoff coefficient are calculated.
- MENOOL Permeability Coefficient and The noise cutoff coefficient is calculated according to the following equations (1) and (2).
- the membrane is immersed in ion-exchanged water or a 64% by weight methanol aqueous solution for 2 hours in an environment of 25 ° C. Thereafter, the distance between the measurement points is measured, and the dimensional change ratio is calculated.
- the X-ray diffraction measurement of the proton conductive polymer membrane is performed under the conditions of minutes.
- ⁇ A sharp peak can be confirmed by X-ray diffraction measurement.
- Polyphenylene sulfide was used as the hydrocarbon polymer compound.
- a chlorosulfonic acid solution 729 g of 1-chlorobutane and 3.65 g of chlorosulfonic acid were weighed to prepare a chlorosulfonic acid solution.
- 1.69 g of a polyphenylene sulfide film (trade name: Torelina, thickness: 50 m, manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.) was immersed in a chlorosulfonate solution, and allowed to stand at room temperature for 20 hours (with chlorosulfonic acid added). The amount is 2 equivalents based on the aromatic unit of polyphenylene sulfide). After standing at room temperature for 20 hours, the polyolefin sulfide film was collected and washed with ion-exchanged water until neutral.
- the washed polyphenylene sulfide film is left in a thermo-hygrostat adjusted to 23 ° C for 30 minutes under a relative humidity of 98%, 80%, 60% and 50%, respectively.
- the film is dried, and a sulfonic acid group-introduced polyphenylene sulfide membrane (hereinafter referred to as a sulfonated boriphenylene sulfide membrane) (8 OmmX 8 Omm, thickness: 51 m) is used as the proton conductive polymer membrane.
- the procedure was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of 1-chlorobutane was changed to 721 g, the amount of chlorosulfonic acid was changed to 5.40 g, and the amount of the polyphenylene sulfide film was changed to 1.67 g. 3 equivalents per aromatic unit of lensulfide).
- the obtained sulfonated polyphenylene sulfide membrane (80 mm ⁇ 80 mm, thickness: 53 m) maintained the membrane shape.
- Example 2 The procedure was the same as in Example 1 except that the amount of 1-chlorobutane was 716 g, the amount of chlorosulfonic acid was 7.16 g, and the amount of polyphenylene sulfide film was 1.66 g. 4 equivalents to the aromatic unit of the fluoride).
- the obtained sulfonated polyphenylene sulfide membrane (80 mm ⁇ 80 mm, thickness: 54 ⁇ m) maintained the membrane shape.
- Tables 1, 2, and 5 and Fig. 6 show the results of the property evaluation of this film.
- Example 1 The procedure was the same as in Example 1, except that the amount of monochlorobutane was 734 g, the amount of chlorosulfonic acid was 11.00 g, and the amount of polyphenylene sulfide film was 1.70 g. 6 equivalents to the aromatic unit of the sulfide).
- the resulting sulfonated polyphenylene sulfide membrane (8 OmmX 8 Omm, thickness: 78 m) maintained the membrane shape.
- Tables 1 to 3 show the results of the property evaluation of this film.
- Example 1 The procedure was the same as in Example 1 except that the amount of chlorobutane was 746 g, the amount of chlorosulfonic acid was 14.93 g, and the amount of polyphenylene sulfide film was 1.73 g. 8 equivalents per aromatic unit of dilensulfide).
- the obtained sulfonated polyphenylene sulfide membrane (80 mm ⁇ 80 mm, thickness: 93 zm) maintained the membrane shape.
- Tables 1 to 3 show the results of the property evaluation of this film.
- Example 2 The procedure was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of 1-chlorobutane was 712 g, the amount of chlorosulfonic acid was 17.80 g, and the amount of the polyphenylene sulfide film was 1.65 g. 10 equivalents to the aromatic unit of polyphenylene sulfide)).
- the obtained sulfonated polyphenylene sulfide membrane (8 OmmX 8 Omm, thickness: 100 m) maintained the membrane shape. Tables 1 to 3 show the results of the property evaluation of this film.
- Example 1 Examples except that the amount of monochlorobutane was 583 g, the amount of chlorosulfonic acid was 5.83 g, and the polyphenylene sulfide film (Toray Industries, Ltd., trade name: TORELINA, thickness: 25 zm) were 1.35 g.
- the procedure was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 (the amount of chlorosulfonic acid added was 4 equivalents to the aromatic unit of polyphenylene sulfide).
- the obtained sulfonated polyphenylene sulfide membrane (80 mm x 80 mm, thickness: 32 m) maintained the membrane shape.
- Tables 1 and 2 show the results of the property evaluation of this film.
- Tables 1 and 2 show the results of the property evaluation of this film.
- the procedure was performed in the same manner as in Example 7 except that the amount of 1-chlorobutane was 578 g, the amount of chlorosulfonic acid was 8.67 g, and the amount of polyphenylene sulfide film was 1.34 g. 6 equivalents per aromatic unit of lensulfide).
- the obtained sulfonated polyphenylene sulfide membrane (80 mm ⁇ 80 mm, thickness: 0 m) maintained the membrane shape.
- Tables 1 to 3 show the results of the property evaluation of this film. (Example 10)
- Example 7 The procedure was performed in the same manner as in Example 7 except that the amount of 1-chlorobutane was changed to 587 g, the amount of chlorosulfonic acid was set to 11.74 g, and the amount of the polyphenylene sulfide film was set to 1.36 g. 8 equivalents per aromatic unit of lensulfide).
- the resulting sulfonated polyphenylene sulfide membrane (8 Omm x 8 Omm, thickness: 42 zm) maintained the membrane shape.
- Tables 1 to 3 show the results of the property evaluation of this film.
- the sulfonated polyphenylene sulfide membrane obtained according to Example 4 was irradiated with an electron beam having an acceleration voltage of 4.6 MeV, an irradiation dose of 500 kGy, and a current of 2 OmA.
- the resulting sulfonated polyphenylene sulfide membrane (8 Omm ⁇ 8 Omm, thickness: 83) maintained the membrane shape.
- Tables 1 and 2 show the results of the property evaluation of this film.
- Example 11 Performed in the same manner as in Example 11 except that the sulfonated polyphenylene sulfide membrane obtained according to Example 5 was used instead of the sulfonated polyphenylene sulfide membrane obtained according to Example 4. did.
- the obtained sulfonated polyphenylene sulfide membrane (8 Omm ⁇ 8 Omm, thickness: 93 m) maintained the membrane shape.
- Tables 1 to 3 show the results of the characteristics Hffi of this film.
- Example 11 was carried out in the same manner as in Example 11 except that the sulfonated polyphenylene sulfide membrane obtained according to Example 6 was used instead of the sulfonated polyphenylene sulfide membrane obtained according to Example 4. .
- the obtained sulfonidani polyphenylene sulfide film (8 OmmX 8 Omm, thickness: 104 xm) maintained the film shape.
- Example 11 was carried out in the same manner as in Example 11, except that the sulfonated polyphenylene sulfide membrane obtained according to Example 8 was used instead of the sulfonated polyphenylene sulfide membrane obtained according to Example 4.
- the resulting sulfonated polyphenylene sulfide membrane (8 OmmX 8 Omm, thickness: 36 xm) maintained the membrane shape.
- Tables 1 to 3 show the results of the property evaluation of this film.
- Example 11 was carried out in the same manner as in Example 11 except that the sulfonated polyphenylene sulfide membrane obtained according to Example 9 was used instead of the sulfonated polyphenylene sulfide membrane obtained according to Example 4.
- the obtained sulfonated bolifenylene sulfide membrane (8 Omm ⁇ 8 Omm, thickness: 41 zm) maintained the membrane shape.
- Tables 1 to 3 show the results of the property evaluation of this film.
- Example 11 The same as Example 11 except that the sulfonated polyphenylene sulfide membrane obtained according to Example 10 was used instead of the sulfonated polyphenylene sulfide membrane obtained according to Example 4. Carried out. The resulting sulfonated polyphenylene sulfide membrane (8 Omm ⁇ 8 Omm, thickness: 48 u) maintained the membrane shape.
- Tables 1 to 3 show the results of the property evaluation of this film.
- a polyphenylene sulfide film (trade name: Torelina, manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc., thickness: 50 / xm), and use a dropping funnel to add 1.5 g of the sulfur trioxide solution. It was dropped. The mixture was heated to 60 ° C in a water bath to evaporate sulfur trioxide and brought into contact with the polyphenylene sulfide film. After being left in this state for 30 minutes, it was washed with ion-exchanged water until neutral.
- a polyphenylene sulfide film trade name: Torelina, manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc., thickness: 50 / xm
- the washed polyphenylene sulfide film is left in a thermo-hygrostat controlled at 23 ° C for 30 minutes each under a relative humidity of 98%, 80%, 60% and 50% humidity control. Is dried, and the sulfonic acid group is introduced as a proton conductive polymer membrane.
- the obtained polyphenylene sulfide membrane (hereinafter, sulfonated polyphenylene sulfide membrane) (5 OmmX 5 Omm, thickness: 70 ⁇ m) was obtained.
- Tables 1, 2, and 5 and Fig. 7 show the results of the evaluation of the characteristics of this film.
- Nafion 115 manufactured by DuPont was used as a sulfonic acid group-containing membrane made of a non-hydrocarbon polymer compound.
- Tables 1, 2, and 4 show the evaluation results of the characteristics of this film.
- 1,4-polyphenylene sulfide (Aldrich, number average molecular weight: 10,000) was dissolved in 30 OmL of chlorosulfonic acid. The mixture was cooled on ice and stirred at a reaction temperature of 5 ° C for 60 minutes. Then, the temperature of the reaction solution was adjusted to 20 ° C., 10 OmL of fuming sulfuric acid (15% SO s ) was added dropwise, and the mixture was stirred for 300 minutes to react 1,4-polyphenylene sulfide with fuming sulfuric acid. The reaction solution was added with stirring to a mixture of 2 kg of ice and 60 OmL of sulfuric acid (30% by weight).
- a 20% by weight solution of the resulting sulfonated polyphenylene sulfide in 1 ⁇ -methyl-2-pyrrolidone was prepared, cast on a glass platform, and dried at 150 ° C under reduced pressure.
- the membrane shape was not obtained, and the evaluation of characteristics other than the ion exchange capacity could not be performed.
- Table 1 shows the results of the property evaluation of this film.
- Tables 1 to 5 and FIG. 8 show the results of the property evaluation of this film.
- Polyphenylene sulfide (Dai Nippon Ink Kogyo Co., Ltd., trade name: DIC-PPS FZ-2200-A5) 100 parts by weight of tricresyl phosphate (Daihachi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., trade name: 2), and melt-mixed with a twin-screw extruder heated at 280 ° C to obtain pellets of a predetermined mixture. This was melt-extruded with an extruder at a screw temperature of 290 ° C and a T-die temperature of 320 ° C to obtain a film with a thickness of 50.
- the washed polyphenylene sulfide film is left in a thermo-hygrostat adjusted to 23 ° C for 30 minutes under a relative humidity of 98%, 80%, 60% and 50% humidity control. Is dried to form a poly (ethylene sulfide) membrane into which sulfonic acid groups have been introduced (hereinafter, sulfonated poly (phenylene sulfide) Film) (8 OmmX 80 mm, thickness: 60 ⁇ ).
- the proton conducting polymer membrane of the present invention is similar to a conventional proton conducting polymer membrane in the same order of protons. It was found to be conductive and useful as an electrolyte for polymer electrolyte fuel cells and direct fuel cells. In addition, the proton conductive polymer membrane of the present invention has a better methanol blocking coefficient than conventional proton conductive polymer membranes, and is clearly useful as an electrolyte for direct methanol fuel cells. It became.
- the proton conductive polymer membrane of the present invention has a larger product of the proton conductivity and the methanol cutoff coefficient than the conventional proton conductive polymer membrane, and is characterized by a balance between the proton conductivity and the methanol cutoff property. It was shown to have. Therefore, it has been clarified that the proton conductive polymer membrane of the present invention is useful as an electrolyte for a direct methanol fuel cell.
- the proton conducting polymer membrane of the present invention shows that the conventional proton Compared to conductive polymer membranes, they have superior rupture strength and rupture elongation, and have been proved to be useful as electrolytes in polymer electrolyte fuel cells and direct methanol fuel cells.
- Example 1 in Table 4 the proton-conducting polymer membrane of the present invention was compared with the conventional proton-conducting polymer membrane by using ion-exchanged water and 64% by weight. It showed high dimensional stability to aqueous methanol solution and excellent handling properties. Therefore, it has been clarified that it is useful as an electrolyte for polymer electrolyte fuel cells and direct methanol fuel cells. From the results of the X-ray diffraction in FIGS. 4 to 9 and the evaluation of the crystallinity in Table 5, the proton conducting polymer membranes of Examples 1 to 3 and 17 of the present invention have a crystalline peak and a crystalline phase. It was clear that it remained.
- the conventional proton conductive polymer membrane of Comparative Example 2 cannot obtain a self-supporting membrane and requires as much as 90 hours for its production.
- the polymer membrane can be manufactured in about 24 hours, and the present invention is superior in productivity. That is, according to the production method of the present invention, a proton conductive polymer membrane having practical handling properties can be obtained by a simpler method.
- a proton conductive polymer membrane in which the product of proton conductivity and methanol barrier coefficient is a specific value or more, or an ion exchange capacity of 0.3 meq Zg or more, and a crystalline phase
- the proton-conducting polymer membrane having a high molecular weight makes it possible to exhibit excellent proton conductivity and high methanol barrier properties.
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CA002496372A CA2496372A1 (en) | 2002-09-20 | 2003-09-04 | Proton conducting polymer film and method for production thereof |
JP2004568908A JP4794170B2 (ja) | 2002-09-20 | 2003-09-04 | プロトン伝導性高分子膜、それを用いた膜−電極接合体およびこれらを用いた燃料電池 |
US10/528,368 US20050244696A1 (en) | 2002-09-20 | 2003-09-04 | Proton conducting polymer film and method for production thereof |
EP03797550A EP1542299A1 (en) | 2002-09-20 | 2003-09-04 | Proton conducting polymer film and method for production thereof |
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PCT/JP2003/011322 WO2004027909A1 (ja) | 2002-09-20 | 2003-09-04 | プロトン伝導性高分子膜およびその製造方法 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20050244696A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1542299A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4794170B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20050050091A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1679192A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2003261944A1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2496372A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004027909A1 (ja) |
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JP2006173111A (ja) * | 2004-12-11 | 2006-06-29 | Samsung Sdi Co Ltd | 高分子電解質とその製造方法,および燃料電池 |
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US11152657B2 (en) | 2012-04-11 | 2021-10-19 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Alkaline metal-air battery cathode |
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US10811688B2 (en) | 2013-12-03 | 2020-10-20 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Solid, ionically conducting polymer material, and methods and applications for same |
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US11114655B2 (en) | 2015-04-01 | 2021-09-07 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Alkaline battery cathode with solid polymer electrolyte |
US10553901B2 (en) | 2015-06-04 | 2020-02-04 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Lithium metal battery with solid polymer electrolyte |
US11342559B2 (en) | 2015-06-08 | 2022-05-24 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Battery with polyvalent metal anode |
US11605819B2 (en) | 2015-06-08 | 2023-03-14 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Battery having aluminum anode and solid polymer electrolyte |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPWO2004027909A1 (ja) | 2006-01-19 |
AU2003261944A1 (en) | 2004-04-08 |
KR20050050091A (ko) | 2005-05-27 |
CA2496372A1 (en) | 2004-04-01 |
JP4794170B2 (ja) | 2011-10-19 |
EP1542299A1 (en) | 2005-06-15 |
CN1679192A (zh) | 2005-10-05 |
US20050244696A1 (en) | 2005-11-03 |
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