WO2004011555A1 - 有機系色素、光電変換材料、半導体電極および光電変換素子 - Google Patents
有機系色素、光電変換材料、半導体電極および光電変換素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004011555A1 WO2004011555A1 PCT/JP2003/009408 JP0309408W WO2004011555A1 WO 2004011555 A1 WO2004011555 A1 WO 2004011555A1 JP 0309408 W JP0309408 W JP 0309408W WO 2004011555 A1 WO2004011555 A1 WO 2004011555A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- group
- substituent
- dye
- general formula
- heterocyclic residue
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- PCCVSPMFGIFTHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracyanoquinodimethane Chemical compound N#CC(C#N)=C1C=CC(=C(C#N)C#N)C=C1 PCCVSPMFGIFTHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B23/00—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes
- C09B23/0075—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes the polymethine chain being part of an heterocyclic ring
- C09B23/0083—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes the polymethine chain being part of an heterocyclic ring the heteroring being rhodanine in the chain
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B23/00—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes
- C09B23/0091—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes having only one heterocyclic ring at one end of the methine chain, e.g. hemicyamines, hemioxonol
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B23/00—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes
- C09B23/02—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes the polymethine chain containing an odd number of >CH- or >C[alkyl]- groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B23/00—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes
- C09B23/02—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes the polymethine chain containing an odd number of >CH- or >C[alkyl]- groups
- C09B23/04—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes the polymethine chain containing an odd number of >CH- or >C[alkyl]- groups one >CH- group, e.g. cyanines, isocyanines, pseudocyanines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B23/00—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes
- C09B23/02—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes the polymethine chain containing an odd number of >CH- or >C[alkyl]- groups
- C09B23/06—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes the polymethine chain containing an odd number of >CH- or >C[alkyl]- groups three >CH- groups, e.g. carbocyanines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B23/00—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes
- C09B23/10—The polymethine chain containing an even number of >CH- groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B23/00—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes
- C09B23/14—Styryl dyes
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M14/00—Electrochemical current or voltage generators not provided for in groups H01M6/00 - H01M12/00; Manufacture thereof
- H01M14/005—Photoelectrochemical storage cells
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- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/652—Cyanine dyes
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2027—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
- H01G9/2031—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2059—Light-sensitive devices comprising an organic dye as the active light absorbing material, e.g. adsorbed on an electrode or dissolved in solution
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- H10K30/10—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation comprising heterojunctions between organic semiconductors and inorganic semiconductors
- H10K30/15—Sensitised wide-bandgap semiconductor devices, e.g. dye-sensitised TiO2
- H10K30/151—Sensitised wide-bandgap semiconductor devices, e.g. dye-sensitised TiO2 the wide bandgap semiconductor comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel organic dye, a photoelectric conversion material, a semiconductor electrode, and a photoelectric conversion element. More specifically, the present invention relates to a novel organic dye having good photoelectric conversion characteristics suitably used for a semiconductor electrode in a solar cell or the like, a photoelectric conversion material comprising the dye, a semiconductor electrode using the same, The present invention also relates to a photoelectric conversion element having the semiconductor electrode and having excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency.
- the silicon used in these solar cells must have a very high purity, and the purification process is complicated, the number of processes is large, and the production cost is high.
- the photovoltaic power generation using inorganic materials is disadvantageous in terms of cost and long payback to users, and there is a problem for its widespread use.
- Organic solar cells include: a Schottky-type photoelectric conversion element that joins a type organic semiconductor and a metal with a small work function, a p-type organic semiconductor and an n-type inorganic semiconductor, or a p-type organic semiconductor and an electron-accepting organic compound.
- a heterojunction type photoelectric conversion element or the like and an organic semiconductor used is a synthetic pigment or pigment such as chlorophyll or perylene, a conductive polymer material such as polyacetylene, or a composite material thereof. These are vacuum deposited, The battery material is made into a thin film by the casting method or the dive method.
- Organic materials have advantages such as low cost and ease of use in large areas, but many have low conversion efficiencies of 1% or less and have poor durability.
- This document also discloses materials and manufacturing techniques required for battery fabrication.
- the proposed battery is called a Gretz-Lell type, and is a wet solar battery using a titanium oxide porous thin film spectrally sensitized with a ruthenium complex as a working electrode.
- the advantage of this method is that it is not necessary to purify inexpensive oxide semiconductors such as titanium oxide to high purity. Therefore, it is inexpensive, and the available light extends over a wide visible light range. The ability to convert light into electricity effectively.
- a first object of the present invention is to provide a novel organic compound that has excellent stability over time, has good photoelectric conversion characteristics, and is suitably used as a semiconductor electrode in a solar cell or the like.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a system dye and a photoelectric conversion material comprising the dye.
- a second object is to provide a semiconductor electrode using the above-mentioned organic dye and a photoelectric conversion element having excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency. Disclosure of the invention
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies in order to achieve the above object, and as a result, have found that an organic dye having a characteristic structure can achieve the object, and based on this finding, the present invention has It was completed. That is, the present invention
- R 1 represents an alkyl group, an aralkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic residue, and may have a substituent.
- R 1 is a benzene ring and a cyclic group.
- R 2 and R 3 may be a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a mono-substituted amino group, a di-substituted amino group, an aralkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic residue.
- R 2 and R 3 may be bonded directly or via a linking group to form a cyclic structure
- R 4 is a substituent having an acidic group
- X represents a methylene, oxygen atom, sulfur atom, amino group, or substituted amino group
- n represents an integer of 0 or 1.
- An organic dye (hereinafter referred to as an organic dye) having a structure represented by the following formula: , Dye I.),
- a semiconductor electrode comprising a substrate having a conductive surface on its surface, a semiconductor layer coated on the conductive surface, and a dye adsorbed on the surface of the semiconductor layer, the dye is as described in the above item (1).
- a semiconductor electrode comprising the organic dye according to the above,
- R 5 represents an alkyl group, an aralkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic residue, and may have a substituent.
- R 6 represents an alkyl group or an alkoxy group.
- R 7 represents a halogen atom, and may have a substituent.
- Reference numeral 8 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkylthio group, an aryl group, an aryloxy group, an arylthio group, or a heterocyclic residue, which may have a substituent.
- R 9 represents a substituent having an oxygen group.
- X 1 represents a linking group which forms a cyclic structure together with Amino groups.
- m indicates 0 or 1.
- the carbon-carbon double bond may be either E-type or Z-type.
- dye ⁇ A merocyanine dye (hereinafter, referred to as dye ⁇ ) having a structure represented by
- a semiconductor electrode comprising a substrate having a conductive surface, a semiconductor layer coated on the conductive surface, and a dye adsorbed on the surface of the semiconductor layer, the dye described in (5) above.
- a semiconductor electrode comprising the merocyanine dye according to the description,
- R 13 represents an arylene group or a heterocyclic residue and may have a substituent.
- R 14 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, or a halogen atom.
- 15 , R 16 are a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a mono-substituted amino group, a di-substituted amino group, an aralkyl group, an alkenyl group, A reel group and a heterocyclic residue, each of which may have a substituent;
- R 17 represents a substituent having an acidic group.
- R 18 and R 19 each represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic residue, and may have a substituent. Further, R 18 and R 19 may be bonded directly or via a linking group.
- R z R 21 and R 22 each represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic residue.
- X 5 represents a linking group which forms a cyclic structure together with the amino group.
- p represents an integer of 0 to 2
- q represents an integer of 0 to 2.
- the carbon-carbon double bond may be either E-type or Z-type.
- a merocyanine dye hereinafter referred to as dye III
- a semiconductor electrode comprising a substrate having a conductive surface, a semiconductor layer coated on the conductive surface, and a dye adsorbed on the surface of the semiconductor layer, wherein the dye is as described in the above item (9).
- a semiconductor electrode comprising a merocyanine dye of
- R 24 represents an alkyl group, an aralkyl group, an alkaryl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic residue, and may have a substituent.
- R 25 is an alkyl group, an alkoxy group.
- R 26 and R 27 each represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkylthio group, an aryl group, an aryloxy group, an arylthio group, or a heterocyclic residue.
- R 28 represents a quaternary ammonium salt of an acidic group, a metal salt of an acidic group, a substituent containing an amide group or an ester group, and
- X 8 represents a cyclic structure together with an amino group.
- B represents 0 or 1.
- the carbon-carbon double bond may be any of E-form or Z-form. It may be. )
- dye IV A merocyanine dye (hereinafter, referred to as dye IV), which has a structure represented by
- a photoelectric conversion material comprising the merocyanine dye described in the above (13), and
- a semiconductor electrode comprising a substrate having a conductive surface on its surface, a semiconductor layer coated on the conductive surface, and a dye adsorbed on the surface of the semiconductor layer, wherein the dye is as defined in the above item (13).
- a semiconductor electrode comprising the merocyanine dye described in claim 1;
- FIG. 1 to 13 are UV absorption spectrum diagrams of the dyes obtained in Examples W_1 to W-13, respectively.
- FIG. 14 and FIG. 15 are characteristic diagrams of cyclic bonoretanmetry of the dyes used in Test Example W-1 and Comparative Test Example W-1, respectively.
- the dyes of the present invention include dye I, dye II, dye III, and dye IV, and each dye will be described.
- the dye I of the present invention has a general formula (I)
- R 1 represents an alkyl group, an aralkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic residue, and may have a substituent.
- R 1 is a benzene ring and a cyclic ring.
- R 2 and R 3 may be hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, mono-substituted amino, di-substituted amino, aralkyl Group, alkenyl group, aryl group, and heterocyclic residue, each of which may have a substituent.
- R 2 and R 3 may be bonded directly or via a linking group to form a cyclic structure.
- R 4 represents a substituent having an acidic group.
- X represents methylene, oxygen atom, sulfur atom, amino group, or substituted amino group.
- n represents an integer of 0 or 1.
- R 1 examples include an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, and an isopropyl group; an aralkyl group such as a benzyl group and a 1-naphthylmethyl group; an alkyl group such as a butyl group and a cyclohexyl group; And heteroaryl residues such as aryl groups such as phenyl, naphthyl, etc., furyl, che / e, and indolyl groups.
- an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, and an isopropyl group
- an aralkyl group such as a benzyl group and a 1-naphthylmethyl group
- an alkyl group such as a butyl group and a cyclohexyl group
- heteroaryl residues such as aryl groups such as phenyl, naphthyl, etc., furyl
- R 1 may have a substituent, and specific examples of the substituent include the above-mentioned alkoxy groups such as an anoalkyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an n-hexyloxy group, a methylthio group, and a —Alkylthio groups such as hexylthio group, phenyloxy group, aryloxy group such as 1-naphthyloxy group, arylthio group such as phenylthio group, halogen atoms such as chlorine and bromine, and diamine such as dimethylamino group and diphenylamino group.
- alkoxy groups such as an anoalkyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an n-hexyloxy group, a methylthio group
- a —Alkylthio groups such as hexylthio group, phenyloxy group, aryloxy group such as
- Examples thereof include an electron-withdrawing group such as an acidic group, a cyano group, a nitro group, and a trifluoromethyl group.
- R 1 may be bonded to a benzene ring to form a cyclic structure, and specific examples thereof include (1) to
- R 2 and R 3 include a hydrogen atom, the above-mentioned alkyl group, the above-mentioned alkoxy group, the above-mentioned alkylthio group, a mono-substituted amino group such as a methylamino group and an avalino group, the above-mentioned di-substituted amino group,
- R 2 may have a substituent.
- substituents include the above-mentioned alkyl group, methoxy group, ethoxy group, alkoxy group such as n-hexyloxy group, methylthio group, alkylthio groups such as n-hexylthio group, phenoxy group,
- aryloxy groups such as naphthyloxy group, arylthio groups such as phenylthio group, halogen atoms such as chlorine and bromine, disubstituted amino groups such as dimethylamino group and diphenylamino group, aryl groups described above, and hetero groups described above.
- Ring residue, carboxyl group force Carboxyalkyl groups such as lipoxymethinole groups, sulfonylalkyl groups such as sulfolpropyl groups, acid groups such as phosphoric acid groups and hydroxamic acid groups, and electron-withdrawing groups such as cyano groups, nitro groups and trifluoromethyl groups.
- aryloxy groups such as naphthyloxy group, arylthio groups such as phenylthio group, halogen atoms such as chlorine and bromine, disubstituted amino groups such as dimethylamino group and diphenylamino group, aryl groups described above, and
- R 2 and R 3 may combine to form a cyclic structure, and specific examples thereof are given in (10) to (20).
- Specific examples of R 4 include those shown in (21) to (46). However, these specific examples are not limited.
- the dye II of the present invention has the general formula (II)
- R 5 represents an alkyl group, an aralkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic residue, and may have a substituent.
- R 6 represents an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, Represents a halogen atom and may have a substituent
- R 7 and R 8 represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkylthio group, an aryl group, or an aryl group; It represents a oxy group, an arylthio group, or a heterocyclic residue, and may have a substituent.
- R 9 represents a substituent having an acidic group.
- X 1 represents a linking group which forms a cyclic structure together with Amino groups.
- m indicates 0 or 1.
- the carbon-carbon double bond may be either E-type or Z-type.
- the merocyanine dye represented by the general formula (II) includes the general formula (II-11)
- R 5 represents an alkyl group, an aralkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic residue, and may have a substituent.
- R 6 is an alkyl group. , an alkoxy group, a halogen atom, which may have a substituent.
- R 1 0 is a divalent alkylene group, a divalent Ariren group may have a substituent.
- X 1 Represents a linking group which forms a cyclic structure with an amino group
- X 2 represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom
- X 3 represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a disyanomethylene group
- m represents 0 or 1.
- the single carbon double bond may be either E-type or Z-type.
- R 5 is an alkyl group, Ararukiru group, Aruke -. Group, Arinore group, a heterocyclic residue, which may have a substituent
- R 6 is Anore Represents a kill group, an anoreoxy group, or a halogen atom, and may have a substituent.
- X 4 represents a divalent alkylene group forming a 5- to 7-membered ring.
- R 1. Represents a divalent alkylene group or a divalent arylene group, each of which may have a substituent.
- m indicates 0 or 1.
- the carbon-carbon double bond may be either E-type or Z-type. ) Are preferred.
- R 5 examples include an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group and an isopropyl group, an aralkyl group such as a benzyl group and a 1-naphthylmethyl group, a vinylinole group, and a cyclohexyl group. And heterocyclic residues such as aryl groups such as phenyl / nayl groups, phenyl groups, naphthyl groups, and the like. R 5 may have a substituent.
- substituents include the above-mentioned alkyl group, methoxy group, ethoxy group, alkoxy group such as n-hexyloxy group, methylthio group, ⁇ —Alkylthio groups such as hexylthio group, phenyl groups, aryloxy groups such as 11-naphthyloxy group, arylthio groups such as phenylthio group, halogen atoms such as chlorine and bromine, dimethylamino group, diphenylamino group Di-substituted amino group, aryl group described above, heterocyclic residue described above, carboxyl group such as carboxyl group, sulfoxyalkyl group such as sulfoxymethyl group, sulfoalkyl group such as sulfonylpropyl group, phosphate group, Examples thereof include acidic groups such as a hydroxamic acid group, and electron-withdrawing groups such as a cyano
- R 6 include the above-mentioned alkyl group, the above-mentioned alkoxy group, and the above-mentioned halogen atom. Further, R 6 may have a substituent, and specific examples thereof include the above-mentioned alkynole group, the above-mentioned anorecoxy group, the above-mentioned halogen atom, and the above-mentioned aryl group.
- R 7 and R 8 include a hydrogen atom, the above-mentioned alkyl group, the above-mentioned alkoxy group, the above-mentioned alkylthio group, the above-mentioned aryl group, the above-mentioned aryloxy group, the above-mentioned arylthio group, and the above-mentioned heterocyclic residue. Represents a group.
- R 7 and R 8 may have a substituent, and specific examples of the substituent include the above-mentioned alkyl group, the above-mentioned alkoxy group, the above-mentioned aryl group, the above-mentioned heterocyclic residue,
- the halogen atoms described above can be exemplified.
- a specific example of X 1 is (4 7)
- R 9 include those shown in (64) to (91). However, these examples are not limited. 8
- R 5 , R 6 and X 1 are the same as in the general formula (II).
- Specific examples of X 2 oxygen atom, there may be mentioned sulfur atom, specific examples of X 3 may be mentioned acid atom, a sulfur atom, Jishianomechiren group.
- Specific examples of R 1Q include a divalent alkylene group such as a methylene group and an ethylene group, and a divalent arylene group such as a 1,4-phenylene group and a 1,5-naphthylene group.
- R 5 and R 6 are the same as those in the general formula (II).
- R 10 is the same as in the general formula (11-1). Examples of X 4, may include those shown below (92) - (95). Specific examples of R 10 is above ⁇ Norekiren group, it can indicate Ariren group described above.
- Compound (2) can be synthesized from compound (1) or compound (3), and then reacted with a compound having an acidic group or an acidic group precursor to obtain target compound (2).
- R " substituent having an acidic group
- an acylation reaction typified by the Friedel-Crafts reaction
- a formylation reaction typified by the Vilsmeiyer reaction
- a once-etrilylation reaction and a -tolyl group is converted to a carbonyl group
- the reaction can be performed by any method as long as a carbonyl compound can be obtained.
- formylation by the Vilsmeiyer reaction is most preferred.
- this formylation reaction reported by Vilsmeiyer et al. Produced N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methylformaldehyde, etc. in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride, phosgene, thiol chloride, etc.
- a formyl group It is widely used due to its simple operation and mild reaction conditions. Is what it is.
- R is a methyl group
- oxidation reaction with selenium dioxide, chromic acid, hypohalous acid, etc. oxidation reaction with dimethylsulfoxide, sodium nitroalkane, hexamethylenetetramine, etc. after conversion to methyl halide
- R 1 is a halogen atom
- a method of converting a Grignard reagent or an organolithium halogen atom to Mg or Li, followed by formylation using formate or formamide as a formylating agent, and the reaction with hydrogen under Pd catalyst A method of reacting with carbon oxide is given.
- Examples of a method for condensing compound with a compound having an acid group or an acid group precursor to obtain the desired compound include aldol condensation, a reaction of a carbonyl compound such as knoevenagel with an active methylene, and a method of olefin synthesis by Wittig reaction. There is a method.
- the condensation reaction between the active compound and the active methylene is carried out in the presence of a base or an acid catalyst.
- a hydroxyl compound and an unsaturated compound generated by dehydration can be obtained, but the unsaturated compound can be preferentially obtained by controlling the base and acid used in the reaction and the reaction temperature.
- the Wittig reaction is an excellent reaction for converting a carboxyl group to olefin. Normally, the reaction proceeds at moderate temperatures under alkaline conditions.
- the target compound can be easily obtained by reacting the intermediate ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ having a carboxyl group with a phosphorous diester, phosphorane or phosphorus ylide having an acidic group or a precursor of the acidic group.
- the dye III of the present invention has a general formula (IV)
- R 13 represents an arylene group or a heterocyclic residue, which may have a substituent.
- R 14 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, or a nitrogen atom.
- R 15 and R 16 each represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a mono-substituted amino group, a di-substituted amino group, an aralkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic residue.
- R 17 represents a substituent having an acidic group
- R 18 and R 19 represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic residue, and may have a substituent.
- R 18 and R 19 may be bonded directly or via a linking group R 2 °
- R 21 and R 22 represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic residue
- X 5 forms a cyclic structure with the amino group P represents an integer of 0 to 2
- q represents an integer of 0 to 2.
- the carbon-carbon double bond may be any of E-type or Z-type.
- the merocyanine dye represented by the general formula (IV) includes the general formula (IV-1) )
- R 13 represents an arylene group or a heterocyclic residue, and may have a substituent.
- R 14 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, or a nitrogen atom.
- R 18 and R 19 each represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic residue, and may have a substituent, and R 18 and R 19 are bonded directly or via a linking group.
- R 20 , R 21 , and R 22 represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic residue
- R 23 represents an alkylene group or an arylene group
- X 5 represents amino
- X 6 represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom
- X 7 represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or a disiamethylene group
- p is an integer of 0 to 2
- q is 0 to Represents an integer of 2.
- the carbon-carbon double bond may be either E-type or Z-type. Good.
- R 13 are 1, 4-Hue - Ren group, 2, Ariren groups such as 6-Nafuchire down group, 2, can be mentioned heterocyclic residue to the like 5- Cheeren group .
- R 13 may have a substituent.
- the substituent include an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group and an n-propyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group and an n- Alkyl groups such as an alkoxy group such as a xyloxy group, alkylthio groups such as a methylthio group and an n-hexylthio group, aryloxy groups such as a phenoxy group and a 1-naphthyloxy group.
- Arylyl groups such as xy and phenylthio groups, halogen atoms such as chlorine and bromine, disubstituted amino groups such as dimethylamino group and diphenylamino group, aryl groups such as phenyl group, 4-methylphenyl group and 2-naphthyl group , A heterocyclic residue such as a furinole group, a chain group, etc., a carboxyl group, a carpoxyalkyl group such as a carboxymethyl group, a sulfonylalkyl group such as a sulfonylpropyl group, a phosphate group, a hydroxamic acid group, etc.
- R 14 include a hydrogen atom, the above-mentioned alkyl group, the above-mentioned alkoxy group, and the above-mentioned halogen atom.
- R 15 and Ri 6 include a hydrogen atom, the above-mentioned alkyl group, the above-mentioned alkoxy group, the above-mentioned alkylthio group, a mono-substituted amino group such as a methylamino group and an anilino group, the above-mentioned di-substituted amino group, and benzyl
- the group include an aralkyl group such as a group, an alkyl group such as a butyl group, the above-mentioned aryl group, and the above-mentioned heterocyclic residue.
- R 21 and R 22 include a hydrogen atom, the above-mentioned alkyl group, the above-mentioned alkoxy group, the above-mentioned aryl group, and the above-mentioned heterocyclic residue.
- X 5 is a linking group which forms a Amino groups and cyclic structures, and specific examples thereof include a (96) - (1 12).
- R 17 is a substituent having an acidic group, and specific examples thereof include those shown in (113) to (140).
- R 18 and R 19 include a hydrogen atom, the above-mentioned alkyl group, the above-mentioned aryl group and the above-mentioned heterocyclic residue, and specific examples thereof include (141) to (156). However, these specific examples are not limited.
- the dye IV of the present invention has the general formula (V)
- R 2 4 is an alkyl group, Ararukiru group, an alkenyl group, Ariru group, a heterocyclic residue, which may have a substituent.
- R 2 5 is alkyl group, alkoxy group, a halogen atom, which may have a substituent.
- R 2 6, R 2 7 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkylthio group, Ariru group, Ariruokishi group, Ariruchio group, heterocyclic residue are shown, which may have a substituent
- R 2 8 are quaternary ammonium of acidic groups -..
- a substituent containing ⁇ beam salts, metal salts of acidic groups, amino de group, E ester group X 8 represents a linking group which forms a cyclic structure together with the amino group, b represents 0 or 1.
- the carbon-carbon double bond may be any of E-type or Z-type.
- R 2 4 is a methyl group, Echiru group, an alkyl group such as isopropyl group, a benzyl group, Ararukiru group such as 1 _ naphthylmethyl group, Bulle group, xenon cyclohexane - Anoreke such Honoré group -Heryl ring residues such as aryl groups such as a phenyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthinole group, and a furyl group, a cyenyl group, and an indolyl group.
- R 2 4 may have a substituent, specific examples of the substituent, an alkyl group described above, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an alkoxy group such as Kishiruokishi group to n-, methylthio radical, n —Alkylthio groups such as hexylthio groups, phenoxy groups, aryloxy groups such as 1-naphthyloxy groups, arylthio groups such as phenylthio groups, halogen atoms such as chlorine and bromine, dimethylamino groups and diphenylamino groups Di-substituted amino group, aryl group described above, heterocyclic residue described above, carboxyalkyl group such as carboxyl group, carboxymethyl group, sulfonylalkyl group such as sulfolpropyl group, phosphate group, hydroxamic acid group And an electron-withdrawing group such as a cyano group, a nitro group,
- R 25 include the above-mentioned alkyl group, the above-mentioned alkoxy group, and the above-mentioned halogen atom Can be mentioned.
- R 25 may have a substituent, and specific examples thereof include the aforementioned alkyl group, the aforementioned alkoxy group, the aforementioned halogen atom, and the aforementioned aryl group.
- Specific examples of R 2S and R 27 include a hydrogen atom, the aforementioned alkyl group, the aforementioned alkoxy group, the aforementioned alkylthio group, the aforementioned aryl group, the aforementioned aryloxy group, the aforementioned arylthio group, and the aforementioned heterocyclic residue. Indicates a group.
- R 26 and R 27 may have a substituent.
- substituents include the above-mentioned alkyl group, the above-mentioned alkoxy group, the above-mentioned aryl group, the above-mentioned heterocyclic residue, The halogen atoms described above can be exemplified.
- Specific examples of X 8 may be cited in (157) - (173).
- Specific examples of R 28 include those listed as shown in (174) - (2 01). However, these specific examples are not limited.
- the photoelectric conversion material of the present invention includes an organic dye represented by the aforementioned general formula (I), a merocyanine dye represented by the general formula (II), a merocyanine dye represented by the general formula (IV), and a compound represented by the general formula (V): It consists of each of the merocyanine dyes shown.
- the semiconductor electrode of the present invention is a semiconductor electrode comprising a substrate having a conductive surface, a semiconductor layer coated on the conductive surface, and a dye adsorbed on the surface of the semiconductor layer, wherein the dye is: The organic dye represented by the general formula (I), the merocyanine dye represented by the general formula (II), and the merocyanine dye represented by the general formula (IV) And a dye selected from the merocyanine dyes represented by the general formula (V).
- the above-mentioned substrate having conductivity on the surface may be a substrate having conductivity such as metal, glass having a conductive layer containing a conductive agent on the surface, or glass.
- a plastic substrate can be used.
- the conductive agent may be a metal such as platinum, gold, silver, copper, or aluminum, carbon, or an indium oxide composite oxide (hereinafter abbreviated as “ ⁇ ”), or a metal such as tin oxide doped with fluorine. Oxide (hereinafter abbreviated as “FTO”).
- the conductive substrate preferably has a transparent structure that transmits 10% or more of light, and more preferably transmits 50% or more of light.
- conductive glass in which a conductive layer made of ITO or FTO is deposited on glass is particularly preferable.
- Metal leads may be used to reduce the resistance of the transparent conductive substrate.
- Examples of the material of the metal lead wire include metals such as aluminum, copper, silver, gold, platinum, and nickel.
- Metal leads are installed on a transparent substrate by vapor deposition, sputtering, crimping, etc., and ITO or FTO is provided on them, or metal leads are installed on a transparent conductive layer.
- a simple semiconductor such as silicon or germanium, a compound semiconductor represented by a metal chalcogenide, a compound having a viscous bouskite structure, or the like can be used.
- Metal chalcogenides include titanium, tin, zinc, iron, tungsten, zirconium, hafnium, strontium, indium, cerium, yttrium, lanthanum, vanadium, dioxide, or tantalum oxide, cadmium, zinc, lead, silver , Antimony, bismuth sulfide, cadmium, lead selenide, and cadmium tenorelide.
- phosphides such as zinc, gallium, indium and cadmium, gallium arsenide, copper-indium-monoselenide, copper-indium-monosulfide and the like are preferable.
- strontium titanate, calcium titanate, sodium titanate, barium titanate, and -oblic acid rim are preferable.
- the semiconductor used in the present invention may be single crystal or polycrystal.
- conversion efficiency A single crystal is preferable, but a polycrystal is preferable in terms of production cost, securing of raw materials, and the like, and the particle diameter of the semiconductor is preferably 4 nm or more and 1 ⁇ or less.
- Examples of a method for forming a semiconductor layer on a conductive substrate include a method in which a dispersion or colloid solution of semiconductor fine particles is coated on the conductive substrate, and a sol-gel method.
- the dispersion liquid can be prepared by the sol-gel method described above, the method of mechanical pulverization using a mortar or the like, the method of dispersing while pulverizing using a mill, or the method of precipitating fine particles in a solvent when synthesizing a semiconductor. And a method of using it as it is.
- a dispersion prepared by mechanical pulverization or pulverization using a mill it is formed by dispersing at least semiconductor fine particles alone or a mixture of semiconductor fine particles and a resin in water or an organic solvent.
- the resin used include polymers and copolymers of vinyl compounds such as styrene, butyl acetate, tallylic acid ester and methacrylic acid ester, silicone resin, phenoxy resin, polysulfone resin, polybutyral resin, polyvinyl formal resin, and polyester resin.
- solvents for dispersing the semiconductor fine particles include water, alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol, or isopropyl alcohol, ketone solvents such as acetone, methylethylketone, and methylisobutylketone, ethyl formate, and ethyl acetate.
- alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol, or isopropyl alcohol
- ketone solvents such as acetone, methylethylketone, and methylisobutylketone, ethyl formate, and ethyl acetate.
- ester solvents such as ⁇ -butyl acetate, ether solvents such as getyl ether, dimethoxetane, tetrahydrofuran, dioxolan or dioxane, ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ -dimethylformamide, ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ -dimethylacetamide
- amide solvents such as ⁇ -methyl-2-pyrrolidone, etc., dichloromethane, chlorinated honolem, bromophonolem, methinole iodide, dichloroethane, trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, chlorobenzene, ⁇ -dichlorobenzene , Funoleo mouth Halogenated hydrocarbon solvents such as benzene, bromobenzene, iodobenzene or 1-chloronaphthalene, ⁇ -pentane, ⁇ -hexane,
- Examples of a method of applying the obtained dispersion include a roller method, a dipping method, an air knife method, a blade method, a wire bar, and the like, a slide hopper method, an etastrusion method, a curtain method, a spin method, or a spray method. it can.
- the semiconductor layer may be a single layer or a multilayer.
- a multi-layer it is also possible to apply a multi-layer coating of a dispersion of semiconductor fine particles having different particle diameters, or to apply a multi-layer coating of coating layers having different types of semiconductors, resins, and additives.
- multilayer coating is an effective means when the film thickness is insufficient by one coating.
- the thickness of the semiconductor layer is preferably from 0.1 to L O O z m, and more preferably from 1 to 30 im.
- the heat treatment temperature at this time is preferably from 40 to 700 ° C, more preferably from 80 to 600 ° C.
- the heat treatment time is preferably from 5 minutes to 20 hours, more preferably from 10 minutes to 10 hours.
- the semiconductor fine particles preferably have a large surface area so that many dyes can be adsorbed. Therefore, the surface area when the semiconductor layer is coated on the substrate is preferably at least 10 times, more preferably at least 100 times the projected area.
- a method of adsorbing the dye on the semiconductor layer a method of immersing a working electrode containing semiconductor fine particles in a dye solution or a dye dispersion, or a method of applying and adsorbing the dye solution or the dispersion on the semiconductor layer may be used.
- the dipping method, dip method, roller method, air knife method, etc. can be used, and in the latter case, the wire bar method, slide hopper method, extrusion method, curtain method, spin method, spray method Etc. can be used.
- Condensing agents are those that act as catalysts that appear to physically or chemically bind the dye to the inorganic surface, or Any that acts stoichiometrically and advantageously shifts the chemical equilibrium. Further, a thiol or a hydroxy conjugate may be added as a condensation aid.
- Solvents that dissolve or disperse dyes include water, alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol, or isopropyl alcohol, ketone solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, or methyl isobutyl ketone, ethyl formate, and ethyl acetate.
- alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol, or isopropyl alcohol
- ketone solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, or methyl isobutyl ketone, ethyl formate, and ethyl acetate.
- an ester-based solvent such as n-butyl acetate or the like; an ether-based solvent such as getyl ether, dimethyloxetane, tetrahydrofuran, dioxolan or dioxane; N, N-dimethylformamide; N, N-dimethylacetamide; Or amide solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dichloromethane, chlorinated honolem, promophonolem, methylinole trichloride, dichloroethane, trichlorinated ethane, trichloroethylene, chlorinated benzene, o-cyclohexane benzene, phthalenole Mouth ben Halogenated hydrocarbon solvents such as benzene, propobenzene, lodobenzene, or 1-chloronaphthalene, n-pentane, n-hexane, n-octane,
- the temperature for adsorbing the dye is preferably 150 ° C. or higher and 200 ° C. or lower.
- This adsorption may be performed while stirring.
- the method of stirring include, but are not limited to, a stirrer, a pole mill, a paint conditioner, a sand mill, an attritor, a disperser, and an ultrasonic dispersion.
- the time required for the adsorption is preferably 5 seconds or more and 1000 hours or less, more preferably 10 seconds or more and 500 hours or less, and even more preferably 1 minute or more and 150 hours.
- the semiconductor electrode of the present invention can be obtained.
- the melocyanine dye represented by the above general formula (II) when used as the dye, it is preferable to use a steroid compound together with the merocyanine dye.
- the steroidal compound has a general formula (III)
- R 11 is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, a heterocyclic residue, an acyl group, an acyloxy group, an oxycarbonyl group, an oxo group, an acidic group. it is shown, which may have a substituent.
- R 1 2 is. a represents an alkyl group containing an acidic group an integer from 0 to 1 3.
- the steroid ring contains a double bond May be.
- R 11 in the general formula (III) include a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, the aforementioned halogen atom, the aforementioned alkyl group, the aforementioned alkoxy group, the aforementioned alkyl group, the aforementioned heterocyclic residue, and acetyl.
- acetyl group such as 4-methylbenzoyl group, acetyloxy group, acetyl group such as 4-methylbenzoyloxy group, etc. Shows the aforementioned acidic group.
- R 11 may have a substituent, and specific examples of the substituent include the aforementioned alkyl group, the aforementioned alkoxy group, the aforementioned alkylthio group, the aforementioned aryloxy group, the aforementioned arylthio group, Examples include the aforementioned halogen atom, the aforementioned disubstituted amino group, the aforementioned aryl group, the aforementioned heterocyclic residue, the aforementioned acidic group, and the aforementioned electron-withdrawing group.
- Specific examples of R 12 include the above-mentioned alkyl groups, and may have a substituent. Specific examples of the substituent include the aforementioned alkyl group, the aforementioned aryl group, the aforementioned alkoxy group, the aforementioned acyl group, and the aforementioned acidic group.
- the steroid compound is used in adsorbing the merocyanine dye represented by the aforementioned general formula (II).
- the amount of the steroid compound is 0.01 to 1 part by mass of the dye. 1100 parts by mass is preferred, and 0.1-100 parts by mass is more preferred.
- the photoelectric conversion element of the present invention may be an organic dye represented by the general formula (I), a merocyanine dye represented by the general formula (II), a merocyanine dye represented by the general formula (IV), or a compound represented by the general formula (V): And a device having a semiconductor electrode containing each of the above dyes as the dye. More specifically, the semiconductor layer sensitized by the conductive substrate and the dye placed on the conductive substrate
- the photosensitive layer may have a single-layer structure or a laminated structure, and is designed according to the purpose.
- the constituent components of each layer may be mutually diffused or mixed.
- the charge transfer layer in the photoelectric conversion element of the present invention contains an electrolyte in which a redox couple is dissolved in an organic solvent, a gel electrolyte in which a liquid in which a redox couple is dissolved in an organic solvent is impregnated in a polymer matrix, and a redox couple Molten salts, solid electrolytes, organic hole transport materials, and the like can be used.
- the electrolytic solution used in the present invention is preferably composed of an electrolyte, a solvent, and an additive.
- Preferred electrolytes are lithium iodide, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, cesium iodide, calcium iodide and the like in combination with metal iodide monoiodine, tetraalkylammonium monodide, pyridium monide, imida.
- Complexes sodium polysulfide, alkylthiol-alkyldisulfide, etc.
- the electrolyte concentration in the electrolytic solution is preferably from 0.05 to 20 M, more preferably from 0.1 to 15 M.
- the solvent used for the electrolytic solution include carbonate solvents such as ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate, heterocyclic compounds such as 3-methyl-2-oxazolidinone, ether solvents such as dioxane, getyl ether, and ethylene glycol dialkyl ether, and methanol.
- a basic compound such as t-butylpyridine, 2-picoline, and 2,6-lutidine may be used in combination.
- the electrolyte may be gelled by a method such as addition of a polymer, addition of an oleoresin gelling agent, polymerization containing a polyfunctional monomer, and crosslinking reaction of the polymer.
- Preferred polymers in the case of genoleation by adding a polymer include polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride and the like.
- Preferred gelling agents for gelling by adding an oil gelling agent include dibenzylden-D-sorbitol, cholesterol derivatives, amino acid derivatives, and trans- (1R, 2R) _1,2-cyclohexandiamine alkylamides. Derivatives, alkynoleurea derivatives, N-octyl-1-D-dalconamide benzoate, double-headed amino acid derivatives, quaternary ammonium derivatives and the like.
- preferred monomers include dibutylbenzene, ethylene gnorecone resin methacrylate, ethylene glycolo resin acrylate, diethylene glycol resin methacrylate, triethylene glycol resin resin methacrylate, pentaerythritol triate acrylate, and tri Methylol propantharylate and the like can be mentioned.
- the above-mentioned monomers can be polymerized by radical polymerization.
- the monomer for gel electrolyte that can be used in the present invention can be subjected to radical polymerization by heating, light, electron beam or electrochemically.
- Polymerization initiators used when formed by cross-linking high-molecular-weight heating include 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile, 2,2'-azobis (2,4-dimethylvale-trinole), Dimethinolay 2, 2'-azobis
- azo-based initiators such as (2-methylpropionate) and peroxide-based initiators such as benzoyl peroxide.
- the addition amount of these polymerization initiators is preferably from 0.01 to 20% by mass, more preferably from 0.1 to 10% by mass, based on the total amount of the monomers.
- the electrolyte When the electrolyte is gelled by the crosslinking reaction of the polymer, it is desirable to use a polymer containing a reactive group necessary for the crosslinking reaction and a crosslinking agent together.
- the crosslinkable reactive group include nitrogen-containing heterocycles such as pyridine, imidazole, thiazole, oxazole, triazonole, morpholine, piperidine, and piperazine.
- Bifunctional or more functional reagents capable of electrophilic reaction with nitrogen atoms such as alkyl halides, aralkyl halides, sulfonic esters, acid anhydrides, acid chlorides and isocyanates can be mentioned.
- copper iodide, copper thiocyanate, etc. can be introduced into the electrode by casting, coating, spin coating, immersion, electrolytic plating, etc. it can.
- an organic charge transport material can be used instead of the electrolyte.
- the charge transport materials include a hole transport material and an electron transport material.
- Examples of the former include, for example, oxadiazoles disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 34-54666, triphenylmethanes disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 45-555, and the like.
- Kimiaki 5 2-4 1 8 No. 8 virazolines described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-42380, hydrazones described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
- Examples thereof include tetraarylbenzidines disclosed in JP-A-58445, stilbenes disclosed in JP-A-58-65440, and JP-A-60-98437.
- examples of the charge transporting material used in the present invention include JP-A-60-24553, JP-A-2-96767, JP-A-2-183260, and JP-A-2-22616 •.
- the hydrazones described above, and the stilbenes described in JP-A-2-51162 and JP-A-3-75660 are particularly preferred. These can be used alone or as a mixture of two or more.
- electron transport substances for example, chloral, tetracyanoethylene, tetracyanoquinodimethane, 2,4,7-tri-tol-9-phnoleolenone, 2,4,5,7-tetrautro-19-fluorenone, 2,4,5,7-tetranitroxanthone, 2,4,8-trinitrothioxanthone, 1,3,7-trietrobenbenzothiophene or 1,3,7-trinitrodibenzothiophene-1,5 5 Dioxide, etc.
- electron transport materials can be used alone or as a mixture of two or more.
- a certain kind of electron-withdrawing compound can be added as a sensitizer for further increasing the sensitizing effect.
- the electron-withdrawing compound include 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone, 1-nitroanthraquinone, 1-chloro mouth _5-two-mouth anthraquinone, 2-chloro anthraquinone, and phenanthrenequinone.
- a resin in combination, and a polystyrene resin, a polybutyl acetal resin, a polysulfone resin, a polycarbonate resin, a polyester resin, and a polyphenylene oxide resin are used.
- Polyarylate resin ataryl resin, metharyl resin, phenoxy resin and the like.
- polystyrene resin, polyvinyl alcohol resin, polycarbonate resin, polyester resin and polyarylate resin are excellent. These resins can be used alone or as a mixture of two or more of them as a copolymer.
- Some of these resins have low mechanical strength such as tension, bending, and compression.
- substances that impart plasticity can be added.
- Specific examples include phthalenic acid ester (eg, DOP, DBP, etc.), phosphate ester (eg, TCP, TOP, etc.), sebacic acid ester, adipic acid ester, ethryl rubber, chlorinated hydrocarbon, and the like. If these substances are added more than necessary, the properties are adversely affected. Therefore, the ratio is preferably 20% or less based on the binder resin.
- an antioxidant, an anti-curl agent and the like can be added as required.
- the amount of the resin used is preferably from 0.01 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably from 0.01 to 5 parts by mass, per 1 part by mass of the charge transporting substance. If the ratio of the resin is too high, the sensitivity is lowered, and if the ratio of the resin is too low, the repetition characteristics may be deteriorated or the coating may be damaged.
- the charge transfer layer There are roughly two methods for forming the charge transfer layer. One is to attach the counter electrode first on the semiconductor fine particle-containing layer carrying the sensitizing dye, and then sandwich the liquid charge transfer layer in the gap. The other is to directly charge the semiconductor fine particle-containing layer. This is a method of adding a moving layer. In the latter case, the counter electrode will be granted later.
- examples of the method of sandwiching the charge transfer layer include a normal pressure process using a capillary phenomenon by immersion or the like and a vacuum process in which the gas phase is replaced with a liquid phase at a pressure lower than normal pressure.
- a counter electrode in the wet charge transfer layer in an undried state to prevent liquid leakage at the edge.
- the composition is wet-coated and solidified by a method such as polymerization. In that case, a counter electrode may be provided after drying and immobilization.
- a solution of the organic charge transporting material and a gel electrolyte can be applied by the immersion method, the roller method, the dipping method, the air knife method, the ethanol Examples include the lubrication method, slide hopper method, wire bar method, spin method, spray method, casting method, and various printing methods.
- a substrate having a conductive layer can be used as in the case of the above-mentioned conductive substrate.
- a substrate is not necessarily required in a configuration in which strength and sealing property are sufficiently maintained.
- Specific examples of the material used for the counter electrode include metals such as platinum, gold, silver, copper, aluminum, rhodium, and indium, and carbon, conductive metal oxides such as ITO, and FTO.
- the thickness of the counter electrode is not particularly limited.
- At least one of the conductive substrate and the counter electrode must be substantially transparent.
- a method is preferable in which the conductive substrate is transparent and sunlight is incident from the substrate side.
- a material that reflects light is preferably used for the counter electrode, and a metal, a glass, a plastic, or a metal thin film on which a conductive oxide is evaporated is preferable.
- the counter electrode material can be appropriately formed on the charge transfer layer or the semiconductor fine particle-containing layer by a method such as application, lamination, vapor deposition, or bonding.
- a counter electrode can be formed directly on the charge transfer layer by a method such as coating, vapor deposition, or CVD.
- N, N-dimethylformamide (21.4 g) was placed in a flask, and the mixture was stirred while cooling on an ice bath, and phosphorus oxychloride (13.3 g) was added dropwise over 15 minutes. Stirring is continued for 1 hour at the same temperature, and a solution of N, N-dimethylformamide (10 ml) in which julolidine (5.1 g) represented by the following (F_1) is dissolved is taken for 10 minutes. Dripping. 1 hour Thereafter, the reaction solution was poured into a dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (200 ml), and organic components were extracted with toluene. The solvent was distilled off, and the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography to obtain the following compound (F-2). 5.3 g. Yield 91%.
- Titanium oxide (Nippon Aerosil P-25) 3 g, acetyl acetone 0.2 g 0.3 g of a surfactant (Triton X-100, manufactured by Aldrich Co.) was dispersed together with 6.5 g of water in a paint conditioner for 6 hours. This dispersion was applied on an FTO glass substrate using a wire par so as to have a film thickness of 10 ⁇ . After the application, the coating was dried at 100 ° C. for 1 hour, and then baked in air at 450 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- Triton X-100 Triton X-100
- the counter electrode was formed by sputtering platinum on FTO.
- An electrolyte was immersed between the two electrodes to produce a photoelectric conversion element.
- a xenon lamp of 100 mW / cm 2 intensity was irradiated from the working electrode side with a cut filter UV-39 manufactured by Toshiba to cut light of 400 nm or less.
- the open-circuit voltage was 0.60 V
- the short-circuit current density was 5.5 mA / cm 2
- the form factor was 0.65
- the conversion efficiency was 2.15%.
- Example V-5 A device was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example V-5, except that the exemplified compound (A-5) was changed to a dye shown in Table 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- a device was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example V-5 except that the exemplified compound (A-5) was changed to the compound shown in (G-1) below.
- the open-circuit voltage was 0.55 V
- the short-circuit current density was 2.5 mA / c
- the form factor was 0.51
- the conversion efficiency was 0.70%, which were low values.
- a device was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example V-5 except that the exemplified compound (A-5) was changed to the compound shown in (G-2) below.
- the open-circuit voltage was 0.65 V
- the short-circuit current density was 2.8 mA / cm
- the form factor was 0.45
- the conversion efficiency was 0.82%, which were low values.
- Dissolve compound (H-1) (10.1 g), rhodanine-3-acetic acid (7.4 g), and ammonium acetate (2.56 g) in 5.9 g of acetic acid, Heat and stir at C. After 30 minutes, when calo heat is stopped, it solidifies immediately. After cooling to room temperature, water (100 ml) was added and stirred, and the crystals were collected by filtration. The crystals were transferred to a beaker, washed twice with water (500 ml), and then twice with 2-propanol (100 ml). The coarsely-packed crystal was recrystallized from methylacetosolve (about 50 m 1) to obtain an exemplified compound (B-8). 11.0 g. Yield 66%.
- Example W-4 Synthesis of Exemplified Compound (B-9) Dissolve the following compound (H-3) (2.6 g), rhodanine-3-acetic acid (1.7 g) and ammonium acetate (0.5 g) in 2.2 g of acetic acid and heat at 120 ° C Stirring. After 30 minutes, heating stops and solidifies immediately. After cooling to room temperature, water (50 ml) was added and the mixture was stirred, and the crystals were collected by filtration. The crystals were transferred to a beaker, washed twice with water (100 ml), then washed twice with 2-propanol (50 ml), to give the exemplified compound (B-9). 2. 9 g. Yield 69%.
- Test example W-1 Durability test The durability of the dye can be measured in a stable redox cycle by means of the italic bonoretanmetry. With some exceptions, stable redox cycles cannot be observed for photographic syayun and merocyan dye.
- Example 1 The cyclic portammetry property of the compound (B-9) of W-4 was measured. The measurement conditions are shown below.
- Figure 14 shows the measurement results.
- the oxidation potential of the compound (B-9) showed a peak at 0.85 V. Thereafter, when the potential was scanned in the opposite direction, a peak was observed at 0.79 V, indicating that the dye that had been acidified was reduced again and returned to the state before oxidation. In other words, this dye is not decomposed by oxidation ⁇ reduction, indicating high durability.
- Cyclic portanometry was measured in the same manner as in Test Example W-11 except that the merocyanine dye represented by the following compound (1-1) was used. The results are shown in FIG. From FIG. 15, the oxidation potential of the compound (1-1) showed a peak at 0.7 IV. Thereafter, no peak was observed when the potential was scanned in the reverse direction. That is, all the dyes were completely decomposed by oxidation.
- Titanium oxide S-Aerosil P-25 3 g, acetylacetone 0.2 g.
- Surfactant Aldrich Triton X-100 0.3 g together with 6.5 g water Dispersion treatment was performed for 6 hours using a single conditioner. This dispersion was applied on a FTO glass substrate using a wire bar to a film thickness of 1 O ⁇ m. After the application, the coating was dried at 100 ° C. for 1 hour, and then baked in air at 450 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- 0.014 g of the dye represented by the exemplified compound (B-9) and 0.15 g of the steroid compound represented by the exemplified compound (E-1) were dissolved in 10 ml of ethanol.
- the semiconductor electrode prepared above was immersed in this solution at room temperature for 15 hours to perform an adsorption treatment.
- the counter electrode used was platinum sputtered on FTO.
- An electrolyte was immersed between the two electrodes to produce a photoelectric conversion element.
- simulated sunlight generated from the power of a solar simulator (AMI. 5, lO OmWZcm 2 intensity) was irradiated as a light source from the working electrode side.
- the open-circuit voltage was 0.68 V
- the short-circuit current density was 9.8 mAZcm 2
- the form factor was 0.70
- the conversion efficiency was 4.66 ° / 0 .
- Example X-1 A device was prepared in the same manner as in Example X-1, except that the exemplified compound (B-9) was changed to the dye shown in Table 2 and the exemplified compound (E-1) was changed to a steroid compound shown in Table 2. evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2.
- a device was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example X-1, except that 0.014 g of the exemplary compound (B-9) was changed to 0.014 g of the compound shown in (J-1) below.
- the open-circuit voltage was 0.58V
- the short-circuit current density was 4.8mA / cm 2
- the form factor was 0.53
- the conversion efficiency was 1.48 ° / 0 .
- a device was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example X-1, except that the amount was changed to 0.15 g. As a result, the open circuit voltage was 0.65 V, the short circuit current density was 2.7 mA / cm 2 , and the form factor was 0.6.
- the semiconductor electrode prepared above was immersed in a 0.3 mM ethanol solution of the dye represented by the exemplified compound (C-4) at room temperature for 15 hours to perform an adsorption treatment.
- the counter electrode used was platinum sputtered on FTO.
- Example I-2 A device was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example I-2, except that the exemplified compound (C-4) was changed to a dye shown in Table 3. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Table 3 A device was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example I-2, except that the exemplified compound (C-4) was changed to a dye shown in Table 3. The results are shown in Table 3.
- the dyes of the present invention show good conversion efficiency.
- Example Y-2 A device was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example Y-2, except that the exemplified compound (C-14) was changed to the compound shown in (L-1) below.
- the open-circuit voltage was 0.58 V
- the short-circuit current density was 5.3 mA / cm 2
- the N form factor was 0.55
- the conversion efficiency was 1.69%.
- the semiconductor electrode prepared above was immersed in a 0.3 mM ethanol solution of the dye represented by the exemplified compound (D-9) at room temperature for 15 hours to perform an adsorption treatment.
- the photoelectric conversion element was manufactured by immersing the electric angle between the two electrodes.
- it irradiated solar simulator (AMI. 5G, the irradiation intensity l O OmWZcm 2) as a light source from the working electrode side forces et generated artificial sunlight.
- AMI. 5G the irradiated solar simulator
- the shape factor 0.6 3 showed good values and conversion efficiency 4. 30 ° / 0.
- Example Z-2 A device was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example Z-2, except that the exemplified compound (D-9) was changed to a dye shown in Table 4. The results are shown in Table 4.
- Table 4 A device was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example Z-2, except that the exemplified compound (D-9) was changed to a dye shown in Table 4. The results are shown in Table 4.
- the dyes of the present invention exhibit good conversion efficiency.
- Example Z-2 A device was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example Z-2 except that the exemplified compound (D-9) was changed to the compound shown in (M-1). As a result, the open circuit voltage 0. 56V, the short-circuit current density 10.3 1 11 input / / (: 111 2, the shape factor 0.63, the conversion efficiency 3. compared to 63% as in Example Z- 2 at a low value Industrial potential
- the dye of the present invention has good photoelectric conversion characteristics and is suitably used for semiconductor electrodes in solar cells and the like. Further, a photoelectric conversion element having a semiconductor electrode using the dye has excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/488,047 US20040256002A1 (en) | 2002-07-29 | 2003-07-24 | Organic dye, photoelectric transducing material, semiconductor electrode, and photoelectric transducing device |
EP03771315A EP1526159B1 (en) | 2002-07-29 | 2003-07-24 | Organic dye, photoelectric transducing material, semiconductor electrode, and photoelectric transducing device |
DE60333014T DE60333014D1 (de) | 2002-07-29 | 2003-07-24 | Organischer farbstoff, photoelektrisch signalgebendes material, halbleiterelektrode sowie photoelektrischer signalgeber |
AT03771315T ATE471356T1 (de) | 2002-07-29 | 2003-07-24 | Organischer farbstoff, photoelektrisch signalgebendes material, halbleiterelektrode sowie photoelektrischer signalgeber |
US11/984,199 US7615640B2 (en) | 2002-07-29 | 2007-11-14 | Organic dye, photoelectric conversion material, semiconductor electrode and photoelectric conversion device |
US11/984,198 US7795529B2 (en) | 2002-07-29 | 2007-11-14 | Organic dye, photoelectric conversion material, semiconductor electrode and photoelectric conversion device |
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JP2002-220145 | 2002-07-29 | ||
JP2002220145A JP4187476B2 (ja) | 2002-07-29 | 2002-07-29 | 光電変換材料、半導体電極、並びにそれを用いた光電変換素子 |
JP2002280105A JP4080288B2 (ja) | 2002-09-26 | 2002-09-26 | 太陽電池用メロシアニン色素 |
JP2002-280105 | 2002-09-26 | ||
JP2002-300782 | 2002-10-15 | ||
JP2002300782A JP4610158B2 (ja) | 2002-10-15 | 2002-10-15 | 光電変換素子 |
JP2002368719A JP4610160B2 (ja) | 2002-12-19 | 2002-12-19 | 光電変換材料、半導体電極、並びにそれを用いた光電変換素子 |
JP2002-368719 | 2002-12-19 | ||
JP2003-23205 | 2003-01-31 | ||
JP2003023205A JP2004235052A (ja) | 2003-01-31 | 2003-01-31 | 光電変換材料、並びにそれを用いた光電変換素子 |
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US11/984,199 Division US7615640B2 (en) | 2002-07-29 | 2007-11-14 | Organic dye, photoelectric conversion material, semiconductor electrode and photoelectric conversion device |
US11/984,198 Division US7795529B2 (en) | 2002-07-29 | 2007-11-14 | Organic dye, photoelectric conversion material, semiconductor electrode and photoelectric conversion device |
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PCT/JP2003/009408 WO2004011555A1 (ja) | 2002-07-29 | 2003-07-24 | 有機系色素、光電変換材料、半導体電極および光電変換素子 |
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US (1) | US7795529B2 (ja) |
EP (3) | EP2009064B1 (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE471356T1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE60333014D1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004011555A1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1997855A3 (en) | 2010-09-08 |
EP1526159A1 (en) | 2005-04-27 |
EP1526159B1 (en) | 2010-06-16 |
EP1526159A4 (en) | 2006-05-31 |
DE60333014D1 (de) | 2010-07-29 |
EP1997855A2 (en) | 2008-12-03 |
ATE471356T1 (de) | 2010-07-15 |
US7795529B2 (en) | 2010-09-14 |
EP2009064A2 (en) | 2008-12-31 |
US20080087327A1 (en) | 2008-04-17 |
EP2009064A3 (en) | 2010-04-21 |
EP2009064B1 (en) | 2012-10-24 |
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