WO2003005478A1 - Element polymere et electrolyte polymere - Google Patents
Element polymere et electrolyte polymere Download PDFInfo
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- WO2003005478A1 WO2003005478A1 PCT/JP2002/006570 JP0206570W WO03005478A1 WO 2003005478 A1 WO2003005478 A1 WO 2003005478A1 JP 0206570 W JP0206570 W JP 0206570W WO 03005478 A1 WO03005478 A1 WO 03005478A1
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- polymer
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- battery according
- phosphazene derivative
- electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0088—Composites
- H01M2300/0091—Composites in the form of mixtures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/18—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with solid electrolyte
- H01M6/181—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with solid electrolyte with polymeric electrolytes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polymer battery that can be suitably used in various fields because it does not leak electrolyte solution and can be made thinner and smaller.
- Ni-Cd batteries were the mainstream, especially as secondary batteries for memory backup of AV / information devices such as personal computers' VTRs and their driving power.
- non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries have attracted much attention as an alternative to two-cell batteries because they have the advantages of high voltage and high energy density and have excellent self-discharge properties. Attempts have been made to develop some of them. For example, more than half of notebook personal computers and mobile phones are driven by non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries.
- carbon is often used as a material for forming the negative electrode, but various types of carbon are used for the purpose of reducing the danger of forming lithium on the surface and increasing the driving voltage.
- Organic solvents have been used as electrolytes.
- alkali metal particularly, lithium metal or lithium alloy
- Aprotic organic solvents such as solvents have been used.
- non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries have high performance, they have the following problems in safety.
- alkaline metal particularly lithium metal or lithium alloy
- the alkali metal has a very high activity against moisture. Therefore, for example, when moisture enters due to incomplete sealing of the battery, the anode material reacts with water to generate hydrogen, There is a problem that there is a high risk of fire.
- lithium metal has a low melting point (about
- Examples of satisfying this requirement include various polymers that have solved various problems such as reduced reliability due to liquid leakage from the battery based on the liquid electrolyte conventionally used for primary and secondary batteries, and ignition of the electrolyte.
- Electrolytes have been proposed. In recent years, with the advancement of technology, such polymer electrolytes have been used to improve safety and reliability, and to be incorporated into various electronic devices by making batteries into films and using space effectively. Easy polymer batteries have been proposed. However, these polymer electrolytes have a problem that they easily burn. Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems and achieve the following objects.
- the title That is, the present invention is excellent in self-extinguishing or flame retardancy, stability, low-temperature discharge characteristics, and high-temperature storage characteristics while maintaining battery characteristics and the like required as a battery, and has no electrolyte leakage and is compact.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a polymer battery which can be reduced in thickness and can be easily incorporated into various devices, and a polymer electrolyte which is suitably used for the polymer battery.
- a polymer battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a polymer electrolyte containing a polymer, a supporting salt, and a phosphazene derivative.
- RR 2 and R 3 represent a monovalent substituent or a halogen element.
- X is carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, oxygen, io, selenium , tellurium and expressed.
- YY 2 and Y 3 to groups containing one even without least an element selected from the group consisting of polonium represents a divalent connecting group, a bivalent element or a single bond.
- R 4 is a monovalent substituent or a nodogen element, and n represents 3 to 14.
- the phosphazene derivative has, in its molecular structure, a multiple bond other than a multiple bond between a phosphorus atom and a nitrogen atom.
- polymer battery according to the above item 1 wherein the polymer is at least one of polyethylene oxide, polyacrylate, and polypropylene oxide.
- polymer has a weight average molecular weight of 100,000 or more.
- the polymer battery of the present invention has a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a polymer electrolyte, and has other members as necessary.
- the material of the positive electrode is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately selected from known positive electrode materials and used.
- V 2 0 5, V 6 0 13, Mn_ ⁇ 2, Mo0 3, L i Co0 2, L iNi0 2, L iMn 2 ⁇ metal oxides such as 4, T i S 2, Mo S 2 a metal such as
- Preferable examples include conductive polymers such as sulfide and polyaniline. Among these, Li Co ⁇ 2 and Li Ni ⁇ 2 are preferred because of their high capacity, high safety, and excellent electrolyte wettability. , L i Mn 2 0 4 is particularly preferred. These materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the shape of the positive electrode is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected from known shapes as an electrode in a polymer battery.
- a sheet shape, a column shape, a plate shape, a spiral shape and the like can be mentioned.
- a sheet shape or the like is preferable in terms of battery thinning.
- the negative electrode can occlude and release lithium or lithium ions, for example. Therefore, the material is not particularly limited as long as it can occlude and release lithium or lithium ions, for example, and can be appropriately selected from known negative electrode materials. Examples of suitable materials include lithium-containing materials, specifically, lithium metal itself, alloys of lithium with aluminum, indium, lead, or zinc, and carbon materials such as lithium-doped graphite. Among them, carbon materials such as graphite are preferable in terms of higher safety. These materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the shape of the negative electrode is not particularly limited. It can be appropriately selected from various known shapes.
- the surface shape of the negative electrode is preferably smooth in order to more effectively suppress the precipitation of dendrites, and specifically, the surface roughness (Ra) is preferably 0.6 mm or less. preferable.
- the polymer electrolyte contains a polymer, a supporting salt and a phosphazene derivative, and further contains other components as necessary.
- the polymer is not particularly limited, and all polymers commonly used in polymer batteries are preferably used.
- the polymer include polyethylene oxide, polyacrylate, polypropylene oxide, polyacrylonitrile, and poly (ethylene oxide unit). Acrylate and the like. Among these, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide and the like are particularly preferable in terms of electrical stability.
- the weight-average molecular weight of the polymer is preferably 100,000 or more, and more preferably 5,000,000 or more, more preferably. If the weight-average molecular weight is less than 100,000, the strength is weak, and it may be closer to a sol rather than a gel.
- a supporting salt serving as a lithium ion ion source is preferable.
- the ion source of lithium ion is not particularly limited, for example, L i C 10 4, L i BF 4, L i PF 6, L i CF 3 S_ ⁇ 3 and,, L i As F 6, L i C 4 F 9 S_ ⁇ 3, L i (CF 3 S_ ⁇ 2) 2 N, L i ( C 2 F 5 S0 2) lithium salts such as 2 N and the like in good suitable. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the polymer with respect to the total amount of the polymer and the supporting salt is preferably from 80 to 95% by mass, and particularly preferably about 90% by mass.
- the amount of the polymer is less than 80% by mass, the electric conductivity is improved, while the strength may be weak.
- the amount of the polymer is more than 95% by mass, the electric conductivity is reduced. May cause a decrease.
- the polymer monoelectrolyte contains a phosphazene derivative is as follows. Conventionally, in a secondary battery or the like containing lithium metal or the like as a negative electrode active material, lithium dissolved as ions in the electrolyte at the time of discharge is partially precipitated as dendrites (dendritic crystals) during charge. However, there was a problem that an internal short circuit could cause a burst. On the other hand, by using the electrolyte containing the phosphazene derivative, the precipitation of the dendrites is effectively suppressed, and there is no danger of internal short circuit and rupture of the battery, and a safe and long-life battery is provided.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte based on an aprotic organic solvent has been used as an electrolyte for a secondary battery or the like.
- a large current suddenly flows when a short circuit occurs, for example.
- the battery When the battery generates abnormal heat, it is highly dangerous because it may vaporize and decompose to generate gas, or the generated gas and heat may cause the battery to burst or ignite.
- the electrolyte in a battery in which the phosphazene derivative is contained in the electrolyte, the electrolyte can exhibit excellent self-extinguishing properties or flame retardancy due to the action of nitrogen gas and halogen gas derived from the phosphazene derivative.
- phosphorus has an action of suppressing chain decomposition of a polymer material constituting a battery, self-extinguishing property or flame retardancy can be effectively provided.
- a lithium ion source such as a supporting salt such as L i PF 6 salt is used as a lithium ion source or the like over time.
- PF 5 gas to decompose generated PF 5 the hydrogen fluoride gas and the like PF 5 gas the generator is generated reacts with further water, is believed Kusasawa to degradation proceeds. In other words, the conductivity of the electrolytic solution is reduced, and the electrode material is deteriorated by the generated hydrogen fluoride gas.
- the phosphazene derivative can be, for example, to suppress the decomposition of the lithium ion source such as the L i PF 6 contributes to the stabilization. But By including the phosphazene derivative in the electrolyte, the decomposition reaction is suppressed, and it becomes possible to suppress the corrosion and the inferiority.
- a first content capable of “preferably suppressing the precipitation of dendrite” due to the effect obtained by containing the phosphazene derivative A second content that can provide "self-extinguishing property", a third content that can suitably provide "flame retardancy” to the polymer electrolyte, and a "deterioration resistance” that can suitably provide the polymer electrolyte.
- the first content of the phosphazene derivative in the polymer electrolyte is preferably 0.5% by mass or more.
- the second content of the phosphazene derivative in the polymer electrolyte is preferably 2.5% by mass or more.
- self-extinguishing refers to a state in which a ignited flame is extinguished on a 25- 10 O mm line and no ignition is found on a falling object in the following evaluation method. It refers to the nature that becomes.
- the third content of the phosphazene derivative in the polymer electrolyte is preferably 3% by mass or more.
- flame retardancy refers to a property in which the ignited flame does not reach the 25 mm line and the falling object is not ignited in the following evaluation method.
- nonflammability the property of not igniting at all even when a test flame is added, that is, the property of the test flame not igniting the test piece (combustion length '. Omm) is referred to as "nonflammability”.
- the self-extinguishing property, flame retardancy or non-flammability was evaluated under the air environment by using a method that was based on UL (Underwriting Laboratory) standard UL 94 HB method.
- the combustion behavior of the ignited flame was measured and evaluated. At that time, ignitability, flammability, carbide formation, and secondary ignition phenomena were also observed.
- a polymer electrolyte 127 mm ⁇ 12.7 mm test piece impregnated and swelled with the phosphazene derivative used in the present invention was produced.
- the fourth content of the phosphazene derivative in the polymer electrolyte is preferably 2% by mass or more.
- “Deterioration” refers to the decomposition of the supporting salt (for example, lithium salt), and the effect of preventing the degradation was evaluated by the following “stability evaluation method”.
- the flash point of the phosphazene derivative is not particularly limited, but is preferably 100 ° C. or higher, more preferably 150 ° C. or higher, and more preferably 230 ° C. or higher from the viewpoint of suppression of ignition and combustion. Is more preferable, and the one that does not fire is most preferable. If the phosphazene derivative has a flash point of 100 ° C. or more, ignition and the like are suppressed, and even if ignition or the like occurs inside the battery, the bow I fires and the surface of the electrolyte is ignited. It is possible to reduce the risk of burning.
- the flash point is, specifically, a temperature at which a flame spreads on the surface of a substance and covers at least 75% of the surface of the substance.
- the flash point is a measure of the tendency to form a flammable mixture with air.
- the following flash method is used. The value measured by was used. In other words, a closed cup system, a small measuring chamber of 4 ml, a heating cup, a frame, an identification section, and an apparatus equipped with an automatic flame detection system (automatic igniter) (MINIFLASH, GRA BNR INST RUME NT S Was prepared, and 1 ml of the sample to be measured was placed in a heating cup, covered, and the heating cup was heated from the top of the cover. Thereafter, the temperature of the sample was raised at regular intervals, and the steam and air mixture in the wrench were exposed at regular temperature intervals to detect ignition. The temperature at which flash was detected was determined as the flash point. Specific molecular structure of phosphazene derivative>
- the phosphazene derivative preferably has a substituent containing a halogen element in the molecular structure. If the molecular structure has a substituent containing a halogen element, the electrolyte can more effectively exhibit self-extinguishing property or flame retardancy by the halogen gas derived from the phosphazene derivative. . Further, in a compound containing a halogen element as a substituent, generation of a halogen radical may be a problem. However, in the phosphazene derivative, a phosphorus element in a molecular structure captures the halogen radical, and a stable halogenated phosphorus is used. Therefore, such a problem does not occur.
- the content of the halogen element in the phosphazene derivative is preferably from 2 to 80% by mass, more preferably from 2 to 60% by mass, and still more preferably from 2 to 50% by mass. If the content is less than 2% by mass, the effect of including the halogen element may not be sufficiently exhibited, while if it exceeds 80% by mass, the electrical conductivity may decrease.
- the halogen element fluorine, chlorine, bromine and the like are particularly preferable, and fluorine is particularly preferable.
- the phosphazene derivative is not particularly limited as long as it is a liquid at ordinary temperature (25).
- the chain phosphazene derivative represented by the formula and the cyclic phosphazene derivative represented by the general formula (2) are preferred.
- R K R 2 and R 3 represent a monovalent substituent or a halogen element.
- X is carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, oxygen, io,
- R 4 is a monovalent substituent or a halogen element, and n represents 3 to 14.
- RR 2 and R 3 are a monovalent substituent or a nitrogen element.
- a monovalent substituent there is no particular limitation so long as it is a monovalent substituent, and examples thereof include an alkoxy group, a phenoxy group, an alkyl group, a propyloxyl group, an acyl group, and an aryl group.
- the halogen element for example, the above-mentioned halogen elements are preferably exemplified.
- an alkoxy group is preferable, in particular, from the viewpoint that the viscosity of an aprotic organic solvent described later impregnated into the polymer can be reduced.
- 1 to! ⁇ 3 may all be the same type of substituent, or some of them may be different types of substituents.
- alkoxy group examples include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group and the like, and an alkoxy-substituted alkoxy group such as a methoxyethoxy group and a methoxyethoxyxetoxy group.
- methoxy group, ethoxy group, methoxyethoxy group or methoxyethoxy group are preferred as Ri R 3 , and all are methoxy groups from the viewpoint of low viscosity and high dielectric constant.
- Particularly preferred is a group or an ethoxy group.
- alkyl group examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, and a pentyl group.
- Examples of the acryl group include a formyl group, an acetyl group, a propionyl group, a butyryl group, an isoptyryl group, and a valeryl group.
- the aryl group examples include a phenyl group, a tolyl group and a naphthyl group.
- the hydrogen element in these substituents is preferably substituted with a halogen element.
- the groups represented by Y 2 and 3 are, for example, CH 2 group, oxygen, sulfur, selenium, nitrogen, boron, aluminum, scandium, gallium, yttrium, indium, and lanthanum.
- Examples include a group containing an element, and among these, a CH 2 group and a group containing an element of oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or nitrogen are preferable.
- ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 3 contain elements of sulfur and selenium, since the self-extinguishing property or flame retardancy of the electrolyte is remarkably improved.
- Y i Y 3 may be all the same type, or some may be different types.
- X a group containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of carbon, silicon, nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen and zeo from the viewpoint of harmfulness, environment, and the like.
- a group having a structure represented by the following general formula (3) is more preferable.
- R 5 to R 9 represent a monovalent substituent or a halogen element.
- Y 5 to Y 9 represent a divalent linking group, a divalent element, or a single bond, and ⁇ represents a divalent group or a divalent element.
- R 5 to R 9 substituents or eight androgenic elements similar monovalent to that described in 1 ⁇ to 1 3 in the formula (1) below suitably both. Further, these may be of the same type within the same group, or some may be of different types. R 5 is and the R 6, and R 8 and R 9, it may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- the group represented by Y 5 to Y 9, divalent linking group or a divalent group of the same manner as described in ⁇ 1 ⁇ Upsilon 3 in the formula (1) can be mentioned Similarly, a group containing elements of sulfur and selenium is particularly preferable because the self-extinguishing property or flame retardancy of the electrolyte is remarkably improved. These may be of the same type within the same group, or some may be of different types.
- ⁇ represents, for example, a CH 2 group, a CHR (R represents an alkyl group, an alkoxyl group, a phenyl group, etc .; the same applies hereinafter), an NR group, oxygen, sulfur, Selenium, boron, aluminum, scandium, gallium, yttrium, indium, lanthanum, thallium, carbon, gay, titanium, tin, germanium, zirconium, lead, phosphorus, vanadium, arsenic, niobium, antimony, tantalum, bismuth, chromium, molybdenum , Tellurium, polonium, tungsten, iron, koba
- groups thereof include groups containing elements such as sodium and nickel, and among these, it is preferable to include oxygen, sulfur, and selenium elements in addition to the CH 2 group, CHR group, and NR group. In particular, it is preferable to include elements such as sulfur and selenium because the flame retardancy of
- a group containing phosphorus as represented by the group (A) is particularly preferred, since it can particularly effectively impart self-extinguishing properties or flame retardancy. Further, a group containing iodide as represented by the group (B) is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of reducing the interface resistance of the electrolyte.
- R 4 is not particularly limited as long as it is a monovalent substituent or a halogen element.
- the monovalent substituent include an alkoxy group, a phenoxy group, an alkyl group, a propyloxyl group, and an acyl group. And aryl groups.
- the halogen element for example, the above-mentioned halogen elements are preferably exemplified. Among these, an alkoxy group, a phenoxy group and the like are particularly preferable.
- the alkoxy group include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a methoxyethoxy group, a propoxy group and the like. Of these, methoxy, ethoxy and methoxyethoxy groups are particularly preferred.
- the hydrogen element in these substituents is preferably substituted with a halogen element.
- R 4 is at least one of an alkoxy group, a phenoxy group, and fluorine, from the viewpoint that the precipitation of the dendrite can be particularly effectively suppressed. It is preferred that at least one of all R 4 is fluorine and at least one other is an alkoxy group or a phenoxy group.
- the obtained polymer electrolyte is obtained.
- These phosphazene derivatives may be used alone or in a combination of two or more.
- the phosphazene derivative preferably has a group containing a multiple bond other than a phosphorus atom-nitrogen atom multiple bond in the molecular structure from the viewpoint of impregnating the polymer electrolyte with the polymer electrolyte and stabilizing the electrode.
- a phosphazene derivative having a group containing a multiple bond other than a multiple bond between a phosphorus atom and a nitrogen atom in its molecular structure is used for a polymer battery, a stable film with high ionic conductivity is formed on the electrode surface when the battery is charged.
- the cycle characteristics are excellent, the electrode stability is excellent, and the polymer is stable for a long period of time because the reaction between the electrode and the electrolyte accompanying the charging and discharging of the battery (that is, the decomposition reaction of the electrolyte) is suppressed.
- a battery can be suitably provided.
- Examples of the multiple bond other than the phosphorus-nitrogen atom multiple bond include a carbon atom-carbon atom multiple bond, a carbon atom-oxygen atom multiple bond, and a carbon atom-nitrogen atom multiple bond.
- a carbon atom-carbon atom multiple bond, a carbon atom-nitrogen atom multiple bond, and the like are more excellent in cycle characteristics, excellent in electrode stability, and capable of suitably providing a long-term stable polymer battery. Is particularly preferred.
- Examples of the bonding mode other than the phosphorus atom-nitrogen atom multiple bond include a double bond and a triple bond.
- the cycle characteristics are further increased.
- the double bond is particularly preferred in that the polymer bond is excellent in stability, the electrode stability is excellent, and a long-term stable polymer battery can be suitably provided.
- the group containing a multiple bond other than the multiple bond between the phosphorus atom and the nitrogen atom include, for example, an aryl group, a vinyl group, a propyloxyl group, an acyl group (a formyl group, an acetyl group, a propionyl group, a butyryl group, An isoptyryl group, a valeryl group, etc.).
- These groups may further have another substituent (eg, an alkyl group, a halogen element, etc.) or a linking group (eg, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon, etc.). And the linking group may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- the content of the phosphazene derivative having a group containing a multiple bond other than the phosphorus atom-nitrogen atom multiple bond in the molecular structure in the polymer electrolyte is preferably 0.3% by mass or more, 0.5-5% by mass is more preferred No.
- the content of the phosphazene derivative having a group containing a multiple bond other than the multiple bond between the phosphorus atom and the nitrogen atom in the molecular structure in the polymer electrolyte is 0.3% by mass or more, such as when charging a polymer battery.
- a stable film with high ionic conductivity is formed on the surface of the electrode, and the reaction between the electrode and the polymer electrolyte (that is, the decomposition reaction of the electrolyte) due to the charge and discharge of the polymer battery is suppressed.
- a polymer battery which is excellent, has excellent electrode stability, and is stable for a long period of time is suitably provided.
- the phosphazene derivative having a group containing a multiple bond other than the multiple bond between a phosphorus atom and a nitrogen atom in the molecular structure is not particularly limited as long as it is a liquid at normal temperature (25), but has excellent cycle characteristics. At least one of R t R 3 and X in the formula (1) is excellent in that the electrode stability is excellent, a long-term stable polymer battery can be suitably provided, and the self-extinguishing property or the flame retardancy is excellent.
- a cyclic phosphazene derivative, which is a group containing a multiple bond other than a bond, is preferred.
- R 4 is an alkoxy group, it is at least one of phenoxy radicals and fluorine, at least in all R 4 It is preferred that one is fluorine and at least the other is either an alkoxy group or a phenoxy group.
- Phosphorus atom in the molecular structure - a method of manufacturing a phosphazene derivative to have a group containing a multiple bond other than between the nitrogen atom multiple bond, for example, using the first as a starting material (PNC 1 2) n (cyclic C 1 body) This is fluorinated with a fluorinating agent (eg, NaF, etc.) in a solvent such as acetonitrile at a temperature of 80 ° C for 5 hours, and then distilled.
- a fluorinating agent eg, NaF, etc.
- (PNF 2 ) n (cyclic F form) is obtained.
- (PNF 2 ) n (cyclic F form) was added to an alcohol (aryl alcohol, bicarbonate) in the presence of potassium carbonate in a solvent such as hexane. And then simple distillation or the like under reduced pressure.
- nonprotonic organic solvents are particularly preferred.
- the aprotic organic solvent is preferably contained in the electrolyte from the viewpoint of safety. That is, when the electrolyte contains an aprotic organic solvent, high safety can be obtained without reacting with the material of the negative electrode. Further, it is possible to easily achieve the optimum ionic conductivity as a polymer battery.
- the aprotic organic solvent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an ether compound and a ester compound. Specifically, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylcapone, getylcapone, diphenylcapone, ethylene-capone, propylene-capone, a-butyrolactone, a-caprolactone Valerolactone, methylethyl carbonate, ethylmethylcaponate and the like are preferred.
- cyclic ester compounds such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and carboxylactone, chain ester compounds such as dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and getylcapone, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, etc. And the like are preferred.
- the cyclic ester compound has a high relative dielectric constant and is excellent in solubility of a lithium salt or the like, and the chain ester compound and the ether compound have low viscosity, so that the polymer is impregnated with the phosphazene derivative. It is suitable from the viewpoint of reducing the viscosity of a non-aqueous electrolyte composed of an aprotic organic solvent.
- the viscosity of the aprotic organic solvent at 25 ° C. is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 mPa-s (10 cP) or less, and 5 mPa-s (5 cP) or less. Is more preferred.
- the method for producing the polymer electrolyte is not particularly limited.
- the limer and the supporting salt are mixed in a mass ratio of 9 to 1 (polymer Z supporting salt), and a volatile solvent is added and mixed uniformly.
- the mixture is homogeneously dissolved at about 80 ° C, and about 40 in vacuo.
- the volatile solvent is volatilized, dried, and then impregnated with an electrolyte solution containing a phosphazene derivative, and swelled to obtain a polymer electrolyte.
- the volatile solvent include acetonitrile, alcohols, and the like. Acetonitrile and the like are preferable in terms of excellent solubility and the like.
- the shape of the polymer electrolyte is not particularly limited, but a sheet shape or the like is preferable in terms of reducing the thickness of the battery.
- the form of the polymer battery of the present invention is not particularly limited, and various known forms such as a coin type, a button type, a paper type, a prismatic type or a spiral type cylindrical battery, etc. are preferably mentioned.
- a polymer battery can be manufactured by, for example, manufacturing a sheet-shaped positive electrode, sandwiching a current collector, and stacking and winding a negative electrode (sheet-shaped).
- the above-described polymer battery of the present invention has excellent self-extinguishing properties or flame retardancy, excellent low-temperature discharge properties and high-temperature storage properties while maintaining battery characteristics and the like required as a battery, and has an electrolyte leakage. It is suitable for use in various fields, such as mobile phones and electric vehicles, because it is compact and thin and can be easily incorporated into various devices. In particular, it is useful as a battery with high discharge capacity even under severe temperature conditions, and is extremely useful as a battery for various automobiles that require battery performance after being stored in a high-temperature environment for a long time.
- the “low-temperature discharge characteristics” were specifically evaluated by measuring the discharge capacity reduction rate as follows.
- the discharge capacity (-30 ⁇ ) was measured in the same manner after repeated charging and discharging up to 50 cycles, except that the temperature during discharging was changed to -30 ° C.
- the discharge capacity (-30 ° C) at this time was compared with the discharge capacity (25 ° C), and the discharge capacity reduction rate was calculated from the following equation to evaluate low-temperature discharge characteristics.
- discharge capacity discharge capacity (mAhZg), average discharge voltage (V), etc.) were measured and evaluated at room temperature (25 ° C).
- the internal resistance ⁇ , 25 ° C, 1 kHz impedance at a 50% discharge depth (50% of the total capacity was discharged) was measured and evaluated when measuring and evaluating the discharge characteristics. .
- the polymer electrolyte of the present invention contains a polymer, a supporting salt and a phosphazene derivative, and is used for a polymer battery.
- the polymer, the supporting salt, and the phosphazene derivative are all the same as those described in the “polymer battery” of the present invention.
- the polymer battery is not particularly limited. A polymer battery having a conventionally known configuration is preferably used.
- the polymer electrolyte of the present invention described above is used in a polymer battery to maintain self-extinguishing or flame retardancy, stability, low-temperature discharge characteristics and high-temperature storage while maintaining battery characteristics and the like required as a battery. It is possible to suitably provide a polymer battery which has excellent characteristics, has no electrolyte leakage, can be made small and thin, and can be easily incorporated into various devices.
- the present invention will be described specifically with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following Examples.
- test flame did not ignite the test piece (combustion length: 0 mm) was evaluated as nonflammable.
- a polymer battery was produced as follows. Against L i C o 0 2 (manufactured by Nippon Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd.) 1 0 0 part by weight, 1 0 parts by mass of acetylene black, polytetramethylene full O B Ethylene (PTFE) 1 0 parts by mass of an organic solvent
- a mixed solvent of ethyl ethyl acetate and ethanol at 550% by volume followed by roll rolling to prepare a thin layered positive electrode sheet having a thickness of 100 / m and a width of 4 Omm.
- the negative electrode used was a 150-m-thick graphite sheet.
- the Asetonitoriru solvent polyethylene was dissolved in O dimethylsulfoxide sol (containing poly Echirenokishido and the L i PF 6) on both sides of a polyethylene separator Isseki, so that the thickness using a doctor blade becomes 1 5
- the acetonitrile solvent was evaporated to prepare a polyethylene oxide monolithium gel electrolyte (Drygel). This is sandwiched between a positive electrode and a negative electrode and wound up, and further contains 5% by volume of the phosphazene derivative A prepared in the above [Preparation of Nonaqueous Electrolyte].
- the positive electrode length of the battery was about 260 mm.
- the obtained battery was charged at room temperature (25 ° C) and then discharged at low temperature ( ⁇ 30) .
- the discharge capacity at low temperature at this time was the discharge capacity of the battery charged and discharged at 25 ° C.
- the discharge capacity reduction rate was calculated from the following equation. Measurements and calculations were similarly performed on a total of three batteries, and the average value was taken as the evaluation of the low-temperature discharge characteristics. Table 1 shows the results.
- the battery After repeating charging and discharging at 1 ° C. at 25 ° C. 30 times, the battery was disassembled, and the inner surfaces of the positive electrode and the negative electrode were visually observed.
- Table 1 shows the results.
- the internal resistance value 25, 1 kHz impedance
- the internal resistance value 25, 1 kHz impedance
- Example 3 the effect of suppressing dendrite deposition was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, no lithium was deposited on the inner surfaces of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and there was no change. (Example 3)
- ImPa-s (1.1 cP)) preparing a non-aqueous electrolyte, preparing a polymer electrolyte, and preparing a polymer battery, self-extinguishing, flame-retardant or non-flammable, initial battery characteristics (voltage, internal resistance), charge / discharge cycle performance, Low-temperature discharge characteristics and high-temperature storage characteristics were measured and evaluated. Table 1 shows the results. In the evaluation of the high-temperature storage characteristics, the internal resistance (25, 1 kHz impedance) at a 50% depth of discharge (50% of the total capacity was discharged) was measured during the evaluation of the discharge characteristics. Upon evaluation, it was 23.4 ⁇ .
- Example 2 Further, the effect of suppressing dendrite deposition was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, no lithium was deposited on the inner surfaces of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and there was no change.
- phosphazene derivative A was replaced with phosphazene derivative D (chain EO-type phosphazene derivative (in the above general formula (1), X represents the above general formula (3)
- Example 2 Further, the effect of suppressing dendrite deposition was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, no lithium was deposited on the inner surfaces of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and there was no change.
- Example 2 Further, the effect of suppressing dendrite deposition was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, no lithium was deposited on the inner surfaces of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and there was no change.
- ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION while maintaining the battery characteristics etc. required as a battery, it is excellent in self-extinguishing property or flame retardancy, stability, low temperature discharge characteristics and high temperature storage characteristics, there is no electrolyte leakage, and it is small and thin. It is possible to provide a polymer battery which can be used for various purposes and can be easily incorporated into various devices, and a polymer electrolyte which is suitably used for the polymer battery.
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/482,804 US20040192853A1 (en) | 2001-07-05 | 2002-06-28 | Polymer cell and polymer electrolyte |
EP02738860A EP1414096A4 (en) | 2001-07-05 | 2002-06-28 | POLYMER ELEMENT AND POLYMER ELECTROLYTE |
JP2003511336A JP4373207B2 (ja) | 2001-07-05 | 2002-06-28 | ポリマー2次電池及びポリマー電解質 |
CA2451790A CA2451790C (en) | 2001-07-05 | 2002-06-28 | Polymer cell and polymer electrolyte |
KR1020037017217A KR100591058B1 (ko) | 2001-07-05 | 2002-06-28 | 폴리머 전지 및 폴리머 전해질 |
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
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JP2001-204415 | 2001-07-05 | ||
JP2001204415 | 2001-07-05 | ||
JP2001-206763 | 2001-07-06 | ||
JP2001206763 | 2001-07-06 | ||
JP2001-242051 | 2001-08-09 | ||
JP2001242051 | 2001-08-09 | ||
JP2001-327618 | 2001-10-25 | ||
JP2001327618 | 2001-10-25 |
Publications (1)
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WO2003005478A1 true WO2003005478A1 (fr) | 2003-01-16 |
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PCT/JP2002/006570 WO2003005478A1 (fr) | 2001-07-05 | 2002-06-28 | Element polymere et electrolyte polymere |
Country Status (7)
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US (1) | US20040192853A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1414096A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4373207B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100591058B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100413140C (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2451790C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2003005478A1 (ja) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2006022137A1 (ja) * | 2004-08-27 | 2006-03-02 | Bridgestone Corporation | 非水電解液電気二重層キャパシタ用電極安定化剤、電気二重層キャパシタ用非水電解液及び非水電解液電気二重層キャパシタ |
JP2006143600A (ja) * | 2004-11-16 | 2006-06-08 | Nippon Chem Ind Co Ltd | 塩素原子を含むホスファゼン誘導体の製造方法 |
EP1699105A1 (en) * | 2003-12-26 | 2006-09-06 | Bridgestone Corporation | Nonaqueous liquid electrolyte for battery, nonaqueous liquid electrolyte battery containing the same, electrolyte for polymer battery and polymer battery containing the same |
JP2009158460A (ja) * | 2007-12-05 | 2009-07-16 | Sony Corp | 非水電解液二次電池 |
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US7285362B2 (en) * | 2004-05-17 | 2007-10-23 | Battelle Energy Alliance, Llc | Safe battery solvents |
KR20110131164A (ko) * | 2009-03-03 | 2011-12-06 | 신코베덴키 가부시키가이샤 | 리튬이온전지 |
KR101199597B1 (ko) * | 2009-12-14 | 2012-11-12 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지 및 이의 단락 저항 제어 방법 |
US10707526B2 (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2020-07-07 | New Dominion Enterprises Inc. | All-inorganic solvents for electrolytes |
US10707531B1 (en) | 2016-09-27 | 2020-07-07 | New Dominion Enterprises Inc. | All-inorganic solvents for electrolytes |
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- 2002-06-28 JP JP2003511336A patent/JP4373207B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-06-28 WO PCT/JP2002/006570 patent/WO2003005478A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2002-06-28 EP EP02738860A patent/EP1414096A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-06-28 US US10/482,804 patent/US20040192853A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-06-28 CN CNB028134125A patent/CN100413140C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1699105A1 (en) * | 2003-12-26 | 2006-09-06 | Bridgestone Corporation | Nonaqueous liquid electrolyte for battery, nonaqueous liquid electrolyte battery containing the same, electrolyte for polymer battery and polymer battery containing the same |
EP1699105A4 (en) * | 2003-12-26 | 2009-04-15 | Bridgestone Corp | NONAQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE FOR BATTERY AND BATTERY USING THE SAME, ELECTROLYTIC FOR POLYMERIC BATTERY AND POLYMERIC BATTERY USING THE SAME |
US7939206B2 (en) | 2003-12-26 | 2011-05-10 | Bridgestone Corporation | Non-aqueous electrolyte for cell, non-aqueous electrolyte cell having the same as well as electrolyte for polymer cell and polymer cell having the same |
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JP2009158460A (ja) * | 2007-12-05 | 2009-07-16 | Sony Corp | 非水電解液二次電池 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP4373207B2 (ja) | 2009-11-25 |
US20040192853A1 (en) | 2004-09-30 |
KR100591058B1 (ko) | 2006-06-19 |
KR20040026674A (ko) | 2004-03-31 |
CA2451790A1 (en) | 2003-01-16 |
CN1522477A (zh) | 2004-08-18 |
CA2451790C (en) | 2010-02-23 |
CN100413140C (zh) | 2008-08-20 |
EP1414096A1 (en) | 2004-04-28 |
EP1414096A4 (en) | 2005-03-09 |
JPWO2003005478A1 (ja) | 2004-10-28 |
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