WO2002094718A1 - Coating material for inorganic-film formation and method of forming inorganic film from the coating material - Google Patents
Coating material for inorganic-film formation and method of forming inorganic film from the coating material Download PDFInfo
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- WO2002094718A1 WO2002094718A1 PCT/JP2002/004935 JP0204935W WO02094718A1 WO 2002094718 A1 WO2002094718 A1 WO 2002094718A1 JP 0204935 W JP0204935 W JP 0204935W WO 02094718 A1 WO02094718 A1 WO 02094718A1
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- titanium
- forming
- inorganic film
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- coating material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
- C01G23/04—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C01G23/047—Titanium dioxide
- C01G23/053—Producing by wet processes, e.g. hydrolysing titanium salts
- C01G23/0536—Producing by wet processes, e.g. hydrolysing titanium salts by hydrolysing chloride-containing salts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
- C01G23/04—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C01G23/047—Titanium dioxide
- C01G23/053—Producing by wet processes, e.g. hydrolysing titanium salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/36—Compounds of titanium
- C09C1/3607—Titanium dioxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/36—Compounds of titanium
- C09C1/3607—Titanium dioxide
- C09C1/3653—Treatment with inorganic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D1/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/80—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases
- C01P2004/82—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases two phases having the same anion, e.g. both oxidic phases
- C01P2004/84—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases two phases having the same anion, e.g. both oxidic phases one phase coated with the other
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/21—Attrition-index or crushing strength of granulates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/60—Optical properties, e.g. expressed in CIELAB-values
Definitions
- the present invention has excellent properties such as photoactivity, antibacterial property, hydrophilic property, stain resistance, antifogging property, gas decomposability, deodorizing property, water treatment property, energy conversion property, decolorizing property, heat resistance, anticorrosion property, gas parier property, etc.
- the present invention relates to a coating agent for forming an inorganic film, which provides a titanium oxide film, and a method for forming an inorganic film using the coating agent.
- a method of forming a titanium oxide film includes (1) applying a titanium oxide sol to a substrate and then sintering; (2) applying an aqueous solution of titanium chloride or titanium sulfate to the substrate and performing a heat treatment.
- Method (3) plasma spraying method in which solid particles are melted in plasma generated in the atmosphere and beat on the substrate surface, (4) sputtering of oxide target in vacuum to form a film on the substrate (5) CVD method in which organometallic compounds are volatilized and decomposed in an electric furnace to form a film on the substrate, (6) Sol obtained by hydrolysis of metal alkoxide is applied to the substrate And a sol-gel method for sintering.
- (1) is poor in film-forming properties due to peeling and peeling at a film thickness of 0.1 m or more, and requires sintering at a temperature of several hundred degrees or more, which is troublesome.
- (2) The adverse effect on the base material due to the thermal decomposition products and sintering at a temperature of several hundred degrees or more are troublesome.
- (3) The dense film cannot be formed.
- (4) and (5) a good film cannot be obtained unless the pressure is reduced, and a reaction vessel that can be evacuated is required.
- the substrate must be heated to several hundred degrees or more.Acid, alkali or organic substances are added to the sol in (6), and there is a problem of corrosion of the material to be coated. Temperature (over 400 ° C) was required.
- (7) Forming a titanium oxide film from an aqueous solution of titanium fluoride and boric acid; (8) Precipitating a titanium hydroxide gel from an aqueous solution of titanium chloride and titanium sulfate and an alkaline solution such as ammonia or caustic soda; A method is known in which titanium hydroxide gel is separated, washed well with water, and further added with a hydrogen peroxide solution (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-71418).
- An object of the present invention is to provide a coating agent suitable for forming an inorganic film having excellent storage stability and excellent coating performance without problems in the prior art such as by-products such as alkali salts and fluorides.
- the present invention is an inorganic film having excellent coating properties, especially photoactive, antibacterial, hydrophilic, stain-resistant, anti-fogging, gas decomposable, deodorizing, water-treating, energy converting, decolorizing, heat resistant It is an object of the present invention to provide a coating agent for forming an inorganic film capable of forming a titanium oxide film having excellent properties, corrosion resistance, gas barrier properties, and the like, and a method for forming an inorganic film using the coating agent. That is, the present invention firstly relates to a hydrolyzable titanium compound, a hydrolyzable titanium compound low-condensate, titanium hydroxide and at least one titanium compound selected from titanium hydroxide low-condensate and peroxide.
- a coating agent for forming an inorganic film characterized by comprising an organic basic compound (B) mixed with an aqueous liquid (A) containing titanium obtained by reacting with hydrogen water.
- the present invention relates to a titanium compound obtained by reacting a titanium compound comprising a hydrolyzable titanium compound and a hydrocondensable titanium compound or a low-condensate of a hydrolyzable titanium compound with a hydrogen peroxide solution in the presence of a titanium oxide sol.
- a coating agent for forming an inorganic film which is obtained by mixing an organic basic compound (B) with an aqueous liquid (A 1) containing the same.
- the present invention provides a method for forming an inorganic film, which comprises applying the coating material for forming an inorganic film to a base material and, if necessary, performing a heat treatment to form an inorganic film.
- the aqueous liquid (A) used in the coating material for forming an inorganic film of the present invention is at least one selected from a hydrolysable titanium compound, a hydrolyzable titanium compound low condensate, titanium hydroxide and a titanium hydroxide low condensate.
- An aqueous liquid containing titanium obtained by reacting one kind of titanium compound with aqueous hydrogen peroxide.
- the aqueous liquid is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected from conventionally known aqueous liquids as long as it is as described above.
- the hydrolyzable titanium compound described above is a titanium compound having a hydrolyzable group that directly binds to titanium, and generates titanium hydroxide by reacting with water such as water or steam. Further, in the hydrolyzable titanium compound, it does not matter whether all of the groups bonded to titanium are hydrolysable groups or one part thereof is a hydrolyzed hydroxyl group.
- the hydrolyzable group is not particularly limited as long as it reacts with water to generate titanium hydroxide as described above.
- a lower alkoxyl group ⁇ a group that forms a salt with titanium (
- a halogen atom eg, chlorine
- a hydrogen atom e.g., a hydrogen atom
- a sulfate ion etc.
- hydrolyzable titanium compound containing a lower alkoxyl group As the hydrolyzable group, a compound represented by the general formula Ti (OR) 4 (wherein R is the same or different and represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms) Is preferred.
- R is the same or different and represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an iso-propynole group, an n-butynole group, is 0-butyl group, a sec-butyl group and a tert-butyl group. And the like.
- hydrolyzable titanium compound having a group capable of forming a salt with titanium as the hydrolyzable group include titanium chloride and titanium sulfate.
- the hydrolyzable titanium compound low condensate is a low condensate of the above hydrolyzable titanium compounds.
- the low-condensate may be either a group in which all of the groups bonded to titanium are hydrolyzable groups or a part of which is a hydrolyzed hydroxyl group.
- Hydrolyzable titanium compounds having a hydrolyzable group such as a chlorine atom and a sulfate group, such as aqueous solutions of titanium chloride and titanium sulfate and ammonia and caustic soda.
- Ortho titanic acid or titanium hydroxide gel obtained by a hydrolysis reaction with potassium solution can also be used as a low condensate.
- the degree of condensation in the low-condensation product of the hydrolyzable titanium compound or the low-condensation product of titanium hydroxide described above can be a compound having a degree of condensation of 2 to 30, and in particular, a compound having a degree of condensation of 2 to 10 can be used. preferable.
- aqueous liquid (A) conventionally known aqueous liquids containing titanium obtained by reacting the above-mentioned titanium compound with aqueous hydrogen peroxide can be used without any particular limitation. . Specifically, the following can be mentioned.
- a liquid for forming a titania film which is obtained by reacting hydrogen peroxide solution with titanium hydroxide gel produced from an aqueous solution of titanium chloride or titanium sulfate and a basic solution.
- orthotitanic acid is formed by reacting an aqueous solution of titanium chloride / titanium sulfate having a group capable of forming a salt with titanium and an alkaline solution such as ammonia or caustic soda. Precipitates a so-called titanium hydroxide gel.
- the titanium hydroxide gel is separated by decantation using water, washed well with water, and further added with hydrogen peroxide to decompose and remove excess hydrogen peroxide to obtain a yellow transparent viscous liquid. .
- the precipitated orthotitanic acid is in a gel state in which it is polymerized by polymerization of OH and hydrogen bonding, and cannot be used as an aqueous liquid containing titanium as it is.
- aqueous hydrogen peroxide is added to this gel, a part of OH becomes a peroxide state and dissolves as peroxotitanate ion, or it becomes a kind of sol state in which the polymer chain is divided into small molecules, and excess gel is added.
- Hydrogen oxide is decomposed into water and oxygen to be used as an aqueous liquid containing titanium for forming an inorganic film.
- this sol contains only oxygen and hydrogen atoms in addition to titanium atoms, when it is converted to titanium oxide by drying or baking, only water and oxygen are generated, so the carbon required for the sol-gel method and thermal decomposition of sulfate, etc. It is not necessary to remove components and halogen components. Even at a lower temperature, a crystalline titanium oxide film having a relatively high density can be formed.
- Hydrogen peroxide is added to an aqueous solution of an inorganic titanium compound such as titanium chloride or titanium sulfate.
- an inorganic titanium compound such as titanium chloride or titanium sulfate.
- a solution for forming a titanium oxide obtained by forming a precipitate of a polymer, removing at least dissolved components other than water derived from the titanium-containing raw material solution, and then reacting with hydrogen peroxide.
- the aqueous liquid (A) used in the present invention is preferably prepared by adding a titanium compound to a hydrogen peroxide solution.
- a titanium compound it is preferable to use a hydrolyzable titanium compound having a group that is converted into a hydroxyl group by hydrolysis represented by the above general formula or a low-condensate of the hydrolyzable titanium compound.
- hydrolysable titanium compound a The mixing ratio of the hydrolyzable titanium compound and / or its low-condensate (hereinafter simply referred to as “hydrolysable titanium compound a”) and the hydrogen peroxide solution is determined by the following formula. It is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 100 parts by weight, particularly 1 to 20 parts by weight in terms of hydrogen peroxide, based on 0 parts by weight. If the amount is less than 0.1 part by weight in terms of hydrogen peroxide, chelate formation is not sufficient and cloudy precipitation occurs. On the other hand, if it exceeds 100 parts by weight, unreacted hydrogen peroxide is apt to remain, and dangerous active oxygen is released during storage.
- the hydrogen peroxide concentration of the aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 3 to 30% by weight in terms of ease of handling and solid content of the product liquid related to coating workability.
- the aqueous liquid (A) using the hydrolyzable titanium compound a is prepared by reacting the hydrolyzable titanium compound a with hydrogen peroxide solution at a reaction temperature of 1 to 70 ° C for 10 minutes to 20 minutes. It can be produced by reacting for hours.
- the aqueous liquid (A) using the hydrolyzable titanium compound a is reacted with the hydrolyzable titanium compound a and aqueous hydrogen peroxide, whereby the hydrolyzable titanium compound a is hydrolyzed with water to form a hydroxyl group. It is presumed that a titanium-containing titanium compound is generated, and then hydrogen peroxide is coordinated to the generated hydroxyl-containing titanium compound, and a product obtained by this hydrolysis reaction and coordination by hydrogen peroxide occurring at the same time. And room temperature range To produce a chelating solution having extremely high stability and enduring long-term storage.
- the titanium hydroxide gel used in the conventional manufacturing method is partially three-dimensionalized by T i -0-T i bonds, and the product obtained by reacting this gel with aqueous hydrogen peroxide is essential in terms of composition and stability. It is different.
- the aqueous liquid (A) using the hydrolyzable titanium compound a is subjected to heat treatment or autoclave treatment at 80 ° C. or more, a titanium oxide dispersion containing ultrafine particles of crystallized titanium oxide is obtained. Below 80 ° C, crystallization of titanium oxide does not proceed sufficiently.
- the ultrafine titanium oxide particles have a particle diameter of 10 nm or less, preferably 1 nm! ⁇ 6 nm.
- the appearance of the dispersion is translucent. If the particle diameter is larger than 10 nm, the film forming property is undesirably deteriorated (degradation occurs at 1 ⁇ or more). This dispersion can likewise be used.
- the aqueous liquid (A) using the hydrolyzable titanium compound a can form a dense titanium oxide film with excellent adhesiveness by itself by coating and drying on a steel sheet material or by heat treatment at a low temperature. .
- the heat treatment temperature for example, it is preferable to form the titanium oxide film at a temperature of 200 ° C. or lower, particularly 150 ° C. or lower.
- the aqueous liquid (A) using the hydrolyzable titanium compound a forms an amorphous titanium oxide film containing some hydroxyl groups at the above-mentioned temperature.
- a titanium oxide dispersion liquid that has been subjected to a heat treatment at 80 ° C. or higher can form a crystalline titanium oxide film only by being applied, and thus is useful as a coating material of a material that cannot be subjected to a heat treatment.
- a hydrolyzable titanium compound and / or a low-condensate of a hydrolysable titanium compound and a hydrogen peroxide solution are reacted in the presence of a titanium oxide sol in the same manner as described above. It is preferable to use the obtained aqueous liquid (A 1) containing titanium.
- the hydrolyzable titanium compound and / or the low-condensation product of the hydrolyzable titanium compound (hydrolysable titanium compound a) include a titanium monomer having a group which is converted into a hydroxyl group by hydrolysis represented by the above general formula, and a titanium monomer containing the same.
- the above-mentioned titanium oxide sol is a sol in which amorphous titanium oxide and anatase-type titania fine particles are dispersed in water (for example, an aqueous organic solvent such as an alcohol-based or alcohol-ether-based solvent may be contained as necessary).
- titanium oxide sol a conventionally known one can be used.
- the titanium oxide sol include (1) those obtained by hydrolyzing a titanium-containing solution such as titanium sulfate and titanyl sulfate; (2) those obtained by hydrolyzing an organic titanium compound such as titanium alkoxide; (3) Amorphous titania sol in which titanium oxide aggregates such as those obtained by hydrolyzing or neutralizing a titanium halide solution such as titanium tetrachloride are dispersed in water. Titanium fine particles which are dispersed in water can be used.
- Amorphous titaurea can be converted into anatase titania by baking at least at a temperature higher than the crystallization temperature of anatase, for example, at a temperature of 400 ° C to 500 ° C or higher.
- the aqueous sol of titanium oxide include, for example, TKS-201 (manufactured by Tiki Co., Ltd., trade name, anatase crystal form, average particle diameter 6 nm), TA-15 (manufactured by Nissan Chemical Co., Ltd.) Trade name, anatase-type crystal form), STS-11 (manufactured by Ishihara Industries Co., Ltd., trade name, anatase-type crystal form) and the like.
- the weight ratio of the titanium oxide sol to the reaction product when used for reacting the hydrolyzable titanium compound a with aqueous hydrogen peroxide is 1/99 to 99/1, preferably about 10_90 to 9 OZ10. It is. If the weight ratio is less than 199, the effect of adding titanium oxide sol such as stability and photoreactivity is not seen, and if it exceeds 99/1, the film-forming property is inferior, so that it is not preferable.
- the mixing ratio of the hydrolyzable titanium compound a and the aqueous hydrogen peroxide ranges from 0.1 to 100 parts by weight, especially 1 to 20 parts by weight, based on 10 parts by weight of the hydrolyzable titanium compound a. Is preferred. If the amount is less than 0.1 part by weight in terms of hydrogen peroxide, chelate formation is insufficient and cloudy precipitation occurs. On the other hand, if it exceeds 100 parts by weight, unreacted hydrogen peroxide is apt to remain, and dangerous active oxygen is released during storage.
- the hydrogen peroxide concentration of the aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 3 to 30% by weight in terms of ease of handling and solid content of the product liquid related to coating workability. No.
- the aqueous liquid (A1) is prepared by reacting the hydrolyzable titanium compound a with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of titanium oxide sol at a reaction temperature of 1 to 70 ° C for 10 minutes to 20 hours. Can be manufactured.
- the aqueous liquid (A1) reacts the hydrolyzable titanium compound a with aqueous hydrogen peroxide, whereby the hydrolyzable titanium compound a is hydrolyzed with water to form a hydroxyl-containing titanium compound. It is presumed that hydrogen peroxide coordinates with the generated hydroxyl group-containing titanium compound, and this is obtained by the simultaneous occurrence of this hydrolysis reaction and coordination by hydrogen peroxide, and the stability at room temperature. It produces a chelating solution that is extremely high and can withstand long-term storage.
- the titanium hydroxide gel used in the conventional manufacturing method is partially three-dimensionalized by Ti-O-Ti bonds.The product obtained by reacting this gel with aqueous hydrogen peroxide is essentially different in composition and stability. different.
- titanium oxide sol prevents a partial condensation reaction from occurring during the synthesis to increase the viscosity.
- the reason for this is considered to be that the condensation reaction product is adsorbed on the surface of the titanium oxide sol and prevents polymerization in solution.
- a titanium oxide dispersion liquid containing ultrafine particles of crystallized titanium oxide is obtained. If it is lower than 80 ° C., crystallization of titanium oxide does not proceed sufficiently.
- the titanium oxide dispersion thus produced has a particle diameter of ultrafine titanium oxide particles of 10 nm or less, preferably in the range of 1 nm to 6 nm. The appearance of the dispersion is translucent. When the particle diameter is larger than 1 Onm., The film-forming property is deteriorated, and in particular, the above-mentioned condition is not preferable because it causes irregularity. This dispersion can be used as well.
- the aqueous liquid (A1) containing titanium can be applied to a steel sheet material and dried or heat-treated at a low temperature to form a dense titanium oxide film having excellent adhesion by itself.
- the heat treatment temperature for example, it is preferable to form the titanium oxide film at a temperature of 200 ° C. or lower, particularly 150 ° C. or lower.
- the aqueous liquid (A1) containing titanium forms an anatase-type titanium oxide film containing some hydroxyl groups at the above-mentioned temperature.
- the above aqueous liquids containing titanium (A) the above aqueous liquids and aqueous liquids (A1) using the hydrolyzable titanium compound a have excellent properties such as storage stability and corrosion resistance. It is preferred to use.
- pigments and sols can be added and dispersed in the aqueous liquid (A) or (A1) containing titanium as required.
- the additives include commercially available titanium oxide, titanium oxide powder, and the like, myriki, talc, silica, barita, clay, and the like.
- the organic basic compound (B) added to the aqueous liquid (A) or (A1) containing titanium can be neutralized with an organic basic compound having a boiling point of 3 ° C. or less, Not limited. Desirable ones are, in particular, those which are water-soluble, for example, ammonium nitrate, dimethinoolethanolamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, triethylamine, morpholine, pyridine, triethanolamine and the like.
- the mixing ratio of the organic basic compound (B) is 0.001 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 0.1 part by weight, per 100 parts by weight (solid content) of the aqueous liquid (A) or (A1) containing titanium.
- the inorganic film-forming coating agent H is 2 or less, the storage stability of the liquid is reduced.
- the pH is 7 or more, a precipitate is formed, and the film forming property is reduced.
- an aqueous organic polymer compound (C) can be blended as required in addition to the above-mentioned components.
- the aqueous organic polymer compound (C) is less than 7, and the organic resin component dissolved or dispersed in water does not aggregate and settle, and there is no risk of causing thickening and abnormal gelation. As long as the aqueous liquid itself is excellent in stability, a conventionally known one can be used.
- aqueous organic polymer compound (C) a compound having a water-soluble, water-dispersible or emulsion form can be used.
- Water-soluble and dispersed organic polymer compounds in water As a method for forming the emulsion or emulsion, a conventionally known method can be used.
- a functional group that can be made water-soluble or water-dispersible by itself for example, at least one of a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an amino (imino) group, a sulfide group, and a phosphine group
- an acidic resin such as a carboxyl group-containing resin
- an amine compound such as ethanolamine or triethylamine
- ammonia water Neutralized with an alkali metal hydroxide such as lithium chloride, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc., or a basic resin (eg, an amino group-containing resin), a fatty acid such as acetic acid or lactic acid; And the like neutralized with a mineral acid
- an alkali metal hydroxide such as lithium chloride, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc.
- a basic resin eg, an amino group-containing resin
- a fatty acid such as acetic acid or lactic acid
- a mineral acid for example, at least one
- aqueous organic polymer compound (C) examples include an epoxy resin, a phenol resin, an acryl resin, a urethane resin, an olefin-free rubonic acid resin, a nylon resin, and a polyoxyalkylene chain.
- a cationic epoxy resin obtained by adding an amine to an epoxy resin a modified epoxy resin such as an acrylic-modified or a urethane-modified resin
- a modified epoxy resin such as an acrylic-modified or a urethane-modified resin
- the cationic epoxy resin include, for example, an adduct of an epoxy compound with a primary mono- or polyamine, a secondary mono- or polyamine, or a mixed primary and secondary polyamine (for example, US Pat. No. 3,984,299).
- Adduct of an epoxy compound with a ketiminated secondary mono- or polyamine having a primary amino group for example, see US Pat. No.
- the epoxy compound has a number average molecular weight in the range of 400 to 4,000, especially 800 to 2,000, and an epoxy equivalent of 190 to 2,000, particularly Those in the range of 400 to 1 and 0000 are suitable.
- Such an epoxy compound can be obtained, for example, by reacting a polyphenol compound with epyrrolhydrin.
- the polyphenol compound include bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -12,2-prono 2.
- 4,4-dihydroxybenzophenone bis (4-hydroxy Xypheninole)-1,1-ethane, bis (4-hydroxyphenone) 1-1,1-isobutane, bis (4-hydroxy_tert-ptinolephenyl) 1-2,2-butane bread, bis (2-butane) Hydroxinaphthyl) methane, 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene, bis (2,4-dihydroxypheninole) methane, tetra (4-hydroxypheninole) 1,1,1,2,2-ethane, 4,4-dihydroxydiphenylenolesnorefone, phenol nopolak, cresol nopolak and the like.
- phenolic resin those obtained by making a polymer compound obtained by heating and adding and condensing a phenol component and formaldehydes in the presence of a reaction catalyst into water, can be suitably used.
- phenol component as a starting material, a bifunctional phenol compound, a trifunctional phenol compound, a phenol compound having four or more functional groups, and the like can be used.
- a bifunctional phenol compound o —Crezonole, J) Clezonole,; — tert-Ptinolepheno ⁇ ”/-, -Ethylphenol, 2,3_xylenol, 2,5-xylenol, etc.
- tetrafunctional phenol compounds such as cresol, m-ethylphenol, 3,5-xylenol, and m-methoxyphenol
- cresol cresol
- m-ethylphenol 3,5-xylenol
- m-methoxyphenol examples include bisphenol A and bisphenol F. These phenol compounds include 1 They can be used alone or as a mixture of two or more.
- acrylic resin examples include a homopolymer or copolymer of an acrylyl monomer having a hydrophilic group such as a carboxyl group, an amino group, and a hydroxyl group, and an acrylyl monomer having a hydrophilic group and another copolymer.
- Examples of the carboxyl group-containing monomer include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, crotonic acid, and itaconic acid.
- Examples of the nitrogen-containing monomer include N, N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, N, N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, and Nt-butylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate.
- Nitrogen alkyl (meth) acrylates acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-methyl (meth) atarylamide, N- Chill (meth) atarylamide, N-methylol (meth) atarylamide, N-methoxymethyl (meth) acrylamide, N-butoxymethyl (meth) acrylamide, N, N-dimethyl (meth) acrylamide, Polymerizable amides such as N, N-dimethylaminopropyl (meth) acrylamide, N, N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylamide; 2-vinylpyridine, 1-vinyl-1- Aromatic nitrogen-containing monomers such as pyrrolidone and 4-butylpyridine; and arylamine.
- 2-arsenide Dorokishechiru (meth) Atari rate As the hydroxyl group-containing monomers, 2-arsenide Dorokishechiru (meth) Atari rate, hydroxycarboxylic propyl (meth) Atari rate, 2, 3-dihydroxy-butyl (meth) Atari rate, 4-arsenide Dorokishipuchiru (meth) Atari rate and polyethylene grayed recall
- Other monomers include methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, ⁇ -propyl (meth) acrylate, isopropyl (meth) acrylate, ⁇ -butyl (meth) acrylate, isoptyl (meth) atalylate Tert-Putinole (meta) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, n-octyl (meta) acrylate, lauryl (meth) acrylate, tridecyl (meth) acrylate, octadecyl (meth) acrylate, iso C1 to C24 alkyl (meth) acrylates such as stearyl (meth) acrylate; styrene, butyl acetate and the like. These compounds can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- "(meth) acrylate” means acrylate or methacrylate.
- a polyurethane comprising a polyol such as a polyester polyol or a polyether polyol and a diisocyanate is a low molecular weight compound having two or more active hydrogens such as a diol or a diamine if necessary. It is possible to suitably use those which are stretched in the presence of an elongating agent and stably dispersed or dissolved in water, and widely used known ones (for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 421-24192, No. 4 2—2 4 1 19 4, No. 4 2—5 1 18 No. 4, No. 4 9—986, No. 4 9—3 310, No. 50—1 5 No. 027, Japanese Patent Publication No. 53-291175). As a method for stably dispersing or dissolving the polyurethane resin in water, for example, the following method can be used.
- a method of imparting hydrophilicity by introducing an ionic group such as a hydroxyl group, amino group, or carboxy group into a side chain or a terminal of a polyurethane polymer, and dispersing or dissolving in water by self-emulsification.
- a block agent such as oxam, alcohol, phenol, mercaptan, amine, or sodium bisulfite.
- the dispersion or dissolution method described above is not limited to a single method, and a mixture obtained by each method can also be used.
- diisocyanate examples include aromatic, alicyclic, and aliphatic diisocyanates, and specifically, hexamethylene diisocyanate, tetramethylene diisocyanate, and 3, 3 ′ — Dimethoxy 1,4'-biphenylenediisocyanate, p-xylylenediisocyanate, m-xylylenediisocyanate, 1,3- (diisocyanatomethyl) cyclohexanone, 1,4- Isocyanatomethyl) cyclohexanone, 4,4'-diisocyanatocyclohexanone, 4,4'-methylenebis (cyclohexynoleisocyanate), isophorone diisocyanate, 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, 2 , 6—triylene diisocyanate, p-phenylene diisocyanate, diphenylme
- polyurethane resins include Hydrane HW_330, HW-340, HW-350 (all manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc.), and Superflex 10 0, 150, and F-33438D (all manufactured by Dai-ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.).
- the above-mentioned polyvier alcohol is preferably a polybuil alcohol having a saponification degree of 87% or more, and particularly preferably a so-called fully saponified polybuil alcohol having a saponification degree of 98% or more.
- the number average molecular weight is preferably in the range of 3,000 to 100,0 ° 0.
- a resin having a polyoxyalkylene resin a resin having a polyoxyethylene chain or a polyoxypropylene chain can be suitably used.
- polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, the polyoxyethylene chain and the polyoxypropylene Blocked polyoxyalkylene glycol in which the thiol and the block are bonded in a block shape can be exemplified.
- olefin-containing sulfonic acid-based resin examples include a copolymer of an olefin such as ethylene and propylene and a polymerizable unsaturated carboxylic acid, and a polymerizable unsaturated compound in a dispersion of the copolymer.
- at least one kind of water-dispersible or water-soluble resin selected from the two kinds of resins obtained by emulsion polymerization and further cross-linking within the particles can be used.
- the copolymer (1) is a copolymer of one or more of olefin and an unsaturated sulfonic acid such as (meth) acrylic acid or maleic acid.
- the content of the unsaturated carboxylic acid is 3 to 60% by weight. /.
- the weight is 5 to 40. /. It is suitable to be within the range, and the acid group in the copolymer can be dispersed in water by neutralizing with a basic substance.
- the resin (1) is a crosslinked resin obtained by adding a polymerizable unsaturated compound to an aqueous dispersion of the copolymer (2), emulsifying and polymerizing, and further cross-linking within the particles.
- a polymerizable unsaturated compound include, for example, those described in the above description of the water-dispersible or water-soluble acryl-based resin.
- One type or two or more types can be appropriately selected and used.
- the mixing ratio of the aqueous organic high molecular compound (C) is 10 to 2,000 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 100 parts by weight of the solid content of the aqueous liquid (A) or (A 1) containing titanium. It is preferable that the amount is in the range of from 0.001 to 100,000 parts by weight from the viewpoints of stability of the liquid, anticorrosion property and the like.
- the pH is preferably in the range of 1 to 10, particularly 1 to 7.
- the titanium-based coating agent may contain, for example, a thickener, a surfactant, a bactericide, a bactericide (such as tannic acid, phytic acid, and benzotriazole), and a coloring agent in addition to the above-mentioned components. It may contain pigments such as pigments, extender pigments, and sunscreen pigments.
- the titanium-based coating agent can be used by diluting it with a hydrophilic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, ethylene glycol or propylene glycol, if necessary.
- the titanium-based anticorrosive film can be formed by applying the titanium-based coating agent of the present invention to a base material and, if necessary, subjecting it to a heat treatment.
- a dense titanium oxide film having excellent adhesion can be formed by applying the inorganic film-forming coating agent of the present invention on a substrate and drying or heating at a low temperature.
- a titanium oxide film can be formed even at a low temperature, a processing temperature of 200 ° C. or more is preferable for improving the adhesion.
- a film having excellent adhesion can be formed without peeling a titanium oxide film having a thickness of 1 ⁇ or more by one coating, but the film thickness is usually 0.001 to 20 / zm. The range is preferably from 0.1 to 15 / m.
- the coating material for forming an inorganic film of the present invention forms an amorphous titanium oxide film containing a small amount of hydroxyl groups at a temperature lower than 200 ° C. and a dense crystalline titanium oxide film at a temperature higher than 200 ° C.
- a titanium oxide dispersion liquid that has been subjected to a heat treatment at 80 ° C. or higher can form a crystalline titanium oxide film only by being applied, and thus is useful as a coating material of a material that cannot be subjected to a heat treatment.
- a material having a relatively high density and good adhesion can be obtained at a low temperature, which can be used for the various uses described above.
- a film that has just been dried has water resistance but also has impregnation properties.By impregnating with another compound solution and then heat-treating it, a complex is formed in which the titanium oxide film carries or disperses other substances. Is also possible. Other substances include, for example, other Metal compounds can be used.
- pigments and sols can be added and dispersed in the inorganic film forming coating agent.
- examples of the additive include commercially available titanium oxide sol and titanium oxide powder.
- the base material that can be used in the present invention is, for example, applied to any material that can withstand heat treatment according to the intended use, such as metal, ceramics, plastics, fibers, glass (plate, spherical, etc.) and concrete. It is also possible to perform surface treatment on the inside of the porous body and on the powder.
- titanium oxide films obtained according to the present invention are activated by light irradiation.
- nitrogen oxides and the like can be oxidized and changed to nitric acid.
- a sensitizing dye when a titanium oxide film is used as an energy conversion material, it is preferable to apply a sensitizing dye to the surface of the titanium oxide film.
- the sensitizing dye has an absorption in the visible light region and / or the infrared light region, and one or more of various metal complexes / organic dyes can be used.
- the sensitizing dye those having a functional group such as a carboxyl group, a hydroxyalkyl group, a hydroxyl group, a sulfone group, and a carboxyalkyl group in the molecule are preferable because of quick adsorption to a semiconductor.
- a metal complex is preferable because of the effect of spectral sensitization and excellent durability.
- the metal complex examples include copper phthalocyanine such as copper phthalocyanine, titanolephthalocyanine, chlorophyll ⁇ /, and hemin, described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 1-220380 and Patent Application Publication No. 5-5044023. Ruthenium, osmium, iron, and zinc complexes can be used.
- the organic dye metal free phthalocyanine, cyanine red dye, merocyanine dye, xanthene dye, and triphenylmethane dye can be used.
- Specific examples of cyanine-based dyes include about 114 and NK3422 (both manufactured by Japan Photographic Dye Laboratories).
- merocyanine dyes include NK2426 and NK2501 (both manufactured by Japan Photosensitizing Dye Laboratories)
- xanthene dyes include peranine, eishin, and rose bean. Examples include nganole, rhodamine B, and dibromone oleoresin.
- triflate methane dyes include malachite green and crystal violet.
- the titanium oxide film obtained by the present invention has heat resistance and protection in addition to photoactive properties. It can form a film with excellent corrosion resistance and gas barrier properties, so it can be used as a heat-resistant and anti-corrosion coating.
- a mixture of 10 parts of tetra-iso-propoxytitanium and 10 parts of iso-propanol was added to a mixture of 10 parts of 30% hydrogen peroxide solution and 100 parts of deionized water at 20 ° C for 1 hour. It was added dropwise with stirring. Thereafter, the mixture was aged at 25 ° C for 2 hours to obtain a yellow, transparent, slightly viscous titanium-based aqueous liquid. Further, 0.2 part of 25% aqueous ammonia was added and stirred to obtain a coating agent (2) for forming an inorganic film.
- the titanium-based aqueous liquid described in Production Example (2) was heat-treated at 95 ° C for 6 hours to obtain a white-yellow translucent titanium-based aqueous liquid. Further, 0.2 part of 25% aqueous ammonia was added and stirred to obtain an inorganic film forming coating agent (6).
- a mixture of 10 parts of tetra-iso-propoxytitanium and 10 parts of iso-propanol was mixed with 5 parts (solid content) of TKS-201 (manufactured by Tika Co., Ltd., titanium oxide sol), 10 parts of 30% hydrogen peroxide solution, The mixture was added dropwise to a mixture of 100 parts of deionized water with stirring at 10 ° C for 1 hour. Thereafter, the mixture was aged at 10 ° C for 24 hours to obtain a yellow, transparent, slightly viscous titanium-based aqueous liquid.
- a mixture of 10 parts of tetra-isopropoxytitanium and 10 parts of iso-propanol was dropped into a mixture of 10 parts of 30% hydrogen peroxide solution and 10 parts of deionized water while stirring at 20 ° 0 for 1 hour. did.
- the mixture was then aged at 25 ° C for 2 hours to obtain a yellow, transparent, slightly viscous titanium-based aqueous liquid (coating agent for forming an inorganic film).
- the coating film was formed by the following method.
- the dry thickness of the coating material for forming an inorganic film of Production Examples 1 to 7 (Examples) and the coating material for forming an inorganic film of Production Examples 8 to 9 (Comparative Examples) was 1. O / zm on a glass plate with a bar coater. And baked at 200 for 30 minutes.
- Coating film condition The presence or absence of coating film abnormalities such as smoothness, transparency, and film forming properties (such as peeling) were observed.
- Pencil hardness JISK-5400 A lead brush test specified in 8.4.2 (1990) was performed, and evaluation was performed based on scratches.
- Water resistance After dipping in water at 20 ° C for 7 days, the appearance of the coating film was visually observed.
- the measurement was performed using a DC C A model manufactured by Contacta Gourmet Co., Ltd.
- Example 1 The coating materials for forming the inorganic film of Production Example 1 (Example) and Production Example 9 (Comparative Example) were applied to a glass plate with a bar coater so that the dry film thickness became 1.0 m. Bake for 0 minutes. A sealed test room equipped with 4 kW high-pressure mercury was filled with acetaldehyde, and then the above-mentioned coated plate was placed at a location about 30 cm away from the mercury lamp. Every three hours, the amount of decrease in acetoaldehyde was measured. Table 2 shows the results.
- the inorganic film-forming coating materials of Production Example 2 (Example) and Production Example 9 (Comparative Example) were applied to a glass plate with a bar coater so that the dry film thickness was 1 / zm, and the coating was performed at 200 ° C for 30 minutes. I baked it. After the obtained coated plate was flicked outdoors for 6 months, stains on the coating film surface were observed. Table 3 shows the results.
- the coating material for forming an inorganic film of Production Example 6 (Example) and Production Example 9 (Comparative Example) was coated on a fluorine-doped tin oxide conductive glass with an ablator to a dry film thickness of 8 / m. Bake at ° C for 30 minutes. Sensitized color on the obtained titanium oxide film electrode A ruthenium complex represented by Ru (II) (bibiridin dicarboxylic acid) 2 (isothiocyanic acid) 2 was adsorbed as an element, and a titanium oxide film electrode sensed with a dye was obtained. The electrode and the transparent conductive glass for the counter electrode were overlapped, and an electrolyte solution containing iodine ions as an oxidation counterpart was put between them.
- the short-circuit current with an irradiation intensity of 10 OmW / cm 2 was evaluated using an artificial sunlamp (10 OW) manufactured by Solux Co., Ltd. as the photoelectric conversion element. Table 4 shows the results.
- Example 10 and Comparative Example 5 were adsorbed as a sensitizing dye by the dye-sensitized titanium oxide film electrode.
- the short-circuit current was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 10 and Comparative Example 5. Table 5 shows the results.
- Example 3 The coating materials for forming the inorganic film of Production Example 3 (Example) and Production Example 8 (Comparative Example) were applied to a mild steel plate with a bar coater so that the dry film thickness became 0.5 / zm. Bake for 20 seconds.
- the coated plate was immersed in an SST JIS, 1% saline solution at room temperature for 100 hours to conduct a corrosion resistance test.
- the adhesion was measured by the same test method as in the above (3). Table 6 shows the results.
- the coating composition for forming an inorganic film of the present invention has the above-described structure, it is a highly pure titanium chelate liquid that does not contain by-products such as alkali salts and fluorides and has a stable storage compared to conventional ones. It has the advantage that it has excellent properties, film performance, and the like, and its manufacturing method does not include complicated steps such as a by-product treatment step.
- a titanium film formed from an inorganic film-forming coating agent obtained by adding an organic basic compound (B) to such a titanium-based aqueous liquid has a photocatalytic activity, energy conversion property, anticorrosion property, heat resistance, It has a great effect on industry, such as in fields that use gas barrier integrity.
- the titanium oxide film formed from the coating agent of the present invention utilizes the properties of photoactivity, for example, decomposes and removes environmental pollutants of air and water, hydrophilizes, antibacterial, deodorizes, antifoggs, It can be used in fields such as water treatment and energy conversion.
- the titanium oxide film formed using the coating agent of the present invention is excellent in heat resistance, anticorrosion, and gas barrier properties in addition to the property of photoactivity, so that it can be used as a heat and anticorrosion coating film.
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/478,498 US6881254B2 (en) | 2001-05-22 | 2002-05-22 | Coating material for inorganic-film formation and method of forming inorganic film from the coating material |
JP2002591396A JP4079780B2 (ja) | 2001-05-22 | 2002-05-22 | 無機膜形成用塗布剤及び該塗布剤を使用する無機膜形成方法 |
KR1020037015172A KR100570482B1 (ko) | 2001-05-22 | 2002-05-22 | 무기막 형성용 도포제 및 이 도포제를 사용한 무기막 형성방법 |
EP02728100A EP1405826A4 (en) | 2001-05-22 | 2002-05-22 | COATING MATERIAL FOR FORMATION OF INORGANIC FILM AND METHOD FOR FORMING INORGANIC FILM THEREOF FROM COATING MATERIAL |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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JP2001-152446 | 2001-05-22 | ||
JP2001152446 | 2001-05-22 |
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WO2002094718A1 true WO2002094718A1 (en) | 2002-11-28 |
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PCT/JP2002/004935 WO2002094718A1 (en) | 2001-05-22 | 2002-05-22 | Coating material for inorganic-film formation and method of forming inorganic film from the coating material |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US6881254B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1405826A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4079780B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100570482B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100415652C (ja) |
TW (1) | TW575523B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2002094718A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
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JP2013049738A (ja) * | 2011-08-30 | 2013-03-14 | Okuno Chemical Industries Co Ltd | 装飾性を有する着色酸化チタン薄膜形成用組成物 |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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TW575523B (en) * | 2001-05-22 | 2004-02-11 | Kansai Paint Co Ltd | Inorganic film-forming coating composition and inorganic film-forming method by use of the same |
CN1320159C (zh) * | 2001-10-04 | 2007-06-06 | 日铁矿业株式会社 | 覆有二氧化钛膜的粉末及其制造方法 |
WO2003037996A1 (fr) | 2001-10-30 | 2003-05-08 | Kansai Paint Co., Ltd. | Matiere de revetement et procede pour former un film d'oxyde de titane et substrat metallique revetu d'un tel film |
WO2003076526A1 (fr) * | 2002-03-14 | 2003-09-18 | Nittetsu Mining Co., Ltd. | Poudre enrobee, composition de revetement et articles revetus |
JP4807851B2 (ja) * | 2004-09-29 | 2011-11-02 | 関西ペイント株式会社 | 粘土複合体 |
KR100627621B1 (ko) | 2004-11-19 | 2006-09-25 | 한국화학연구원 | 루타일형 티타니아 나노 졸의 제조방법 |
DE102007008121A1 (de) * | 2007-02-19 | 2008-08-21 | Siemens Ag | Titandioxid-Schicht mit verbesserten Oberflächeneigenschaften |
CN104775108B (zh) * | 2014-01-15 | 2017-07-04 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | 柔性氧化物薄膜的化学镀法 |
CN112535793B (zh) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-10-08 | 融冲(深圳)生物医疗科技有限责任公司 | 药物涂层球囊导管的制备方法与应用 |
CN115125758B (zh) * | 2021-03-26 | 2023-04-11 | 齐鲁工业大学 | 用于纸张耐火阻燃涂层的改性明胶及其制备方法与应用 |
CN114835217A (zh) * | 2022-04-08 | 2022-08-02 | 常州大学 | 一种钛盐混凝剂及其直接氧化制备方法 |
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EP1052225A1 (en) * | 1998-01-27 | 2000-11-15 | Nihon Parkerizing Co., Ltd. | Titanium oxide colloidal sol and process for the preparation thereof |
JP2002179949A (ja) * | 2000-12-11 | 2002-06-26 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | チタニア膜形成用液体、チタニア膜の形成法、チタニア膜及びチタニア膜を用いた部材 |
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TW575523B (en) * | 2001-05-22 | 2004-02-11 | Kansai Paint Co Ltd | Inorganic film-forming coating composition and inorganic film-forming method by use of the same |
-
2002
- 2002-05-21 TW TW91110626A patent/TW575523B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-05-22 CN CNB028121120A patent/CN100415652C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-05-22 EP EP02728100A patent/EP1405826A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-05-22 US US10/478,498 patent/US6881254B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-05-22 JP JP2002591396A patent/JP4079780B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-05-22 KR KR1020037015172A patent/KR100570482B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-05-22 WO PCT/JP2002/004935 patent/WO2002094718A1/ja active Application Filing
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EP1052225A1 (en) * | 1998-01-27 | 2000-11-15 | Nihon Parkerizing Co., Ltd. | Titanium oxide colloidal sol and process for the preparation thereof |
JP2002179949A (ja) * | 2000-12-11 | 2002-06-26 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | チタニア膜形成用液体、チタニア膜の形成法、チタニア膜及びチタニア膜を用いた部材 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1405826A1 (en) | 2004-04-07 |
TW575523B (en) | 2004-02-11 |
JPWO2002094718A1 (ja) | 2004-10-07 |
KR100570482B1 (ko) | 2006-04-13 |
US6881254B2 (en) | 2005-04-19 |
JP4079780B2 (ja) | 2008-04-23 |
CN100415652C (zh) | 2008-09-03 |
EP1405826A4 (en) | 2006-07-05 |
CN1516678A (zh) | 2004-07-28 |
US20040149168A1 (en) | 2004-08-05 |
KR20040007586A (ko) | 2004-01-24 |
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