WO2002037260A1 - Generateur de nombres aleatoires - Google Patents
Generateur de nombres aleatoires Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002037260A1 WO2002037260A1 PCT/IB2001/001989 IB0101989W WO0237260A1 WO 2002037260 A1 WO2002037260 A1 WO 2002037260A1 IB 0101989 W IB0101989 W IB 0101989W WO 0237260 A1 WO0237260 A1 WO 0237260A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- random number
- output
- number generator
- data
- noise
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F7/00—Methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled
- G06F7/58—Random or pseudo-random number generators
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F7/00—Methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled
- G06F7/58—Random or pseudo-random number generators
- G06F7/588—Random number generators, i.e. based on natural stochastic processes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a random number generator.
- Random numbers are required for data encryption. There are so-called pseudo-random numbers generated by programs, and these pseudo-random numbers are generally used.
- pseudo-random numbers are not suitable for encryption because their generation rules can be easily estimated.
- the intrinsic random number with no production rule is preferable.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a physical random number required for encryption or the like with a simple configuration.
- a feature of the present invention includes: an amplifier for amplifying a noise signal generated from a noise source; and a binarization device for binarizing the amplified noise signal. It is characterized by being constituted by a register. A random physical random number can be obtained by generating a random number using a noise signal generated from a noise source.
- a serial register is used as a binarizing device for binarizing the noise signal amplified by the amplifier, the binarization can be easily and stably performed with a simple configuration.
- Random number data can be obtained as a parallel signal.
- bit mask unit that can mask and output some of the bits of the generated random number data.
- bit mask section masks bits specified from outside the device, the probability can be changed freely, and it is useful for pachinko gaming machines and other devices that require random numbers whose probability changes. It is.
- the storage unit stores and holds the number of random data output to the external device in response to a request for random number data output from the external device.
- a storage unit capable of registering an ID for personal authentication.
- the noise of the noise source may be thermal noise of a semiconductor.
- the random number generator preferably includes an external interface unit that outputs random number data in response to a request from a computer outside the device. Further, the random number generator is configured as a one-chip IC device. Is preferred.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing a state in which a random number generator (one-chip IC device) according to the present invention is connected to a personal computer.
- FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of the random number generator.
- FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of the physical random number generation unit.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a noise signal and a sampling clock.
- FIG. 5 is a timing chart for binarizing a noise signal with a sampling clock.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing glitch generation.
- Figure 7 is a circuit diagram of a bit mask section; because a diagram showing the f over data contents.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic configuration diagram of the counter device t.
- FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram of the first-stage chain structure of the counter device.
- FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram of a second-stage chain structure of the counter device.
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram of the output function of the external interface unit.
- FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram of the input function of the external interface unit.
- the random number generation device 1 can output a random number to the outside of the device.
- the random number generator 1 is configured as a one-chip IC, and is provided with an interface connected to a data bus or the like of an external device such as a personal computer PC and capable of outputting random numbers and the like to the personal computer side.
- the one-chip IC which is the random number generator 1, is arranged on an electronic board, and the board can be built into a housing provided with a cable or the like for connecting to the personal computer PC, thereby forming a product.
- the random number generation device 1 can output three systems and can input two systems. In addition, all inputs and outputs exchange data with the external device PC via the same data bus.
- the first system output is the output of the physical random number data, which amplifies the thermal noise (white noise) generated inside the device (IC) in an analog manner and samples the signal. It outputs a physical random number by converting it to a binary number.
- the device 1 For the first system output, the device 1 includes a noise source 101 that outputs a noise signal, an amplifier 103 that amplifies the noise signal output from the noise source 101, and an amplified noise signal And a serial-to-parallel converter 107 for converting a binary serial signal into a parallel signal.
- the noise source 101 uses thermal noise of a semiconductor as noise, and a random signal without periodicity can be obtained by using thermal noise of a semiconductor as compared with a pseudo random number.
- the semiconductor serving as the noise source 101 is provided inside the device (I C), and no external components are required.
- the amplifier 103 has a level enough to binarize the noise signal. This is to increase the amplitude.
- This amplifier 103 is constituted by a complementary amplifier.
- the amplifier 103 has a two-stage configuration, in which the first stage 103a amplifies 40 dB and the second stage 103b amplifies 20 dB.
- the amplified noise signal is input to the Schmitt trigger gate 106, and a square wave having a pulse width corresponding to the magnitude of the noise signal is output.
- the Schmitt trigger causes the output pulse to rise (or fall) when the input voltage (noise signal) exceeds a certain value, and the output pulse to fall (or rise) when the input voltage falls below another certain value. Circuit.
- the Schmitt trigger gate 106 converts an analog noise signal into a digital noise signal (TTL level) having a pulse width according to the magnitude.
- the Schmitt trigger gate 106 functions as a converter that converts a noise signal into a digital noise signal (TTL level).
- the binarization device 105 includes a serial register 105 (hereinafter, also referred to as a “serial shift register”) using a sampling port.
- the input of the serial register 105 is a noise signal, and the output of 1 or 0 of the Schmitt trigger gate 106 is input to the serial register 105.
- the serial shift register 105 is configured as a serial input and serial output shift register, and operates with clocks CLK0 and CLK1.
- the clocks CLK0 and CLK1 and the main clock of the equipment divided by 1/256 are used, and the clocks CLK0 and CLK1 are clocks of the same frequency with the phase shifted by half a cycle.
- the serial register 105 is configured by serially connecting D flip-flops 105a, 105b, and 105c in three stages (a plurality of stages).
- the first stage 105a and the third stage 105c include: The clock CLK0 is supplied, and the clock CLK1 is supplied to the second stage 105b.
- the binarization device 105 binarizes the noise signal at the timing of a clock CLK0 (sampling clock).
- CLK0 sampling clock
- the pulse-like noise signal output from the Schmitt trigger gate 106 is crossed by the first-stage D flip-flop 105a.
- the output D of the first stage D flip-flop 105a outputs 1 or 0, and is quantitative (sampled) at the timing of the sampling clock, clock CLK0.
- Numeric value the output of the first-stage D flip-flop 105a shifts to the second-stage 105b at the rising timing of the clock CLK1, which is shifted by a half cycle.
- the D flip-flop of the first stage 105 a again samples the noise signal, and the output of the D flip-flop 105 b of the second stage becomes The third stage shifts to 105c. That is, it is output from the serial register 105.
- the sampling result of the first stage 105 appears as an output of the serial register 105 with a delay of one cycle of the clock CLK 0. Since the noise signal is a random signal, a digital physical random number synchronized with the sampling CLK is obtained by binarizing the noise signal.
- binarization can be performed with a simple configuration, the device can be simplified, and the one-chip IC can be easily realized.
- the binary serial random number signal is converted into a parallel signal by a serial-to-parallel converter 107.
- This parallel signal is 8 bits, and there are 256 types of random numbers (0 to 255).
- the random number signal (physical random number data) converted into an 8-bit parallel signal is output to the first system via the bit mask unit 108.
- the bit mask section 108 is for masking (fixing to 1 or 0) some bits of the 8-bit random number data as necessary.
- the bit mask section 108 is composed of ⁇ R circuits for the number of bits (8) of random number data, and performs a logical OR operation between each bit of the random number data and the value of each bit of the mask register 122. As a result, a predetermined bit of the random number data is masked. That is, if the upper 3 bits (5th, 6th, and 7th bits) of the mask data are set to 1 and the other bits are set to 0, as in the mask register 122 in Fig. 7, the mask bit section In the output of 108, the upper 3 bits (5th, 6th, and 7th bits) are fixed to 1, and the other bits are output as random number data.
- the valid bits of the random number data output from the bit mask section 108 are the lower 5 bits of the 8 bits, and there are 32 types of random number values.
- the bit mask unit 108 can adjust the random number generation probability, and is suitable for a case where a random number whose generation probability changes is required, such as a game machine such as a pachinko machine.
- the data set to the mask register 122 can be performed from the outside of the apparatus, but this will be described later.
- the second system output inputs a plurality of counter outputs to a continuous exclusive OR chain structure circuit and extracts any 8 bits from the circuit as a counter output It is.
- the signal obtained from the second system output is basically based on a counter.However, data from multiple counter outputs are mixed into random numbers based on an algorithm composed of exclusive OR circuits. It can be used as a random number.
- the device 1 For the second system output, the device 1 includes three counters 109, 110, and 111, and a data mixing unit 115 for mixing the outputs of the respective counters.
- the counter is composed of one gray counter 109 and two binary counters 110, 111, and each counter 109, 110, 111. 1 is an 8-bit output. Each counter operates (counts) with the same clock as the clock CLKO used for the primary system output.
- the output terminals (al to a8) of the gray counter 109 are connected to the input terminals (a0 to a7) of the data mixing unit 115 by signal lines (eO to e7).
- the output terminals (y1 to y8) of the binary counter 110 are signal lines (c0 to c7) Connected to the input terminals (c0 to c7) of the data mix section 115, and the output terminals (yl to y8) of the second binary counter 111 are connected to the signal lines (d0 to (! 7)). Are connected to the input terminals (d0 to d7) of the data mix section 115.
- the data mix section 115 generates an 8-bit output from an exclusive OR circuit (EOR) of a total of 24 bits output from each of the counters 109, 110, and 111.
- the data mix section 115 is composed of the first-stage chain structure circuits 115a and 115b and the second-stage chain structure circuit 115c (see FIGS. 9 and 9).
- Reference 10 The first-stage chain structure circuit further includes a first column chain structure circuit 115a and a second column chain structure circuit 115b.
- a is a chain of 15 2-input EOR circuits connected in a chain (series). The 2 inputs of the first EOR circuit in the chain and the 1 input of the other EOR circuits (connected in a chain)
- the first column chain structure circuit 115a has 16 (8-bit X2) inputs, depending on the other input.
- the outputs of the gray counter 109 (al to a8) and the outputs of the first binary counter 110 (yl to y8) are given to the input of the first column chain structure circuit 115a. That is, the inputs (a 0 to a 7) and the inputs (c 0 to c 7) of the data mixing section 115 are provided.
- the output of the first column chain structure circuit 115a can be obtained from the output of any EOR circuit, and is provided to the second-stage chain structure circuit 115c.
- the outputs of the first, fourth, seventh, and last E ⁇ R of the chain are the outputs of the first column chain structure circuit 115a.
- the first output of the chain is X6, the fourth output is x4, the seventh output is X2, and the last output of the chain is X0, and given to the second-stage chain structure circuit 115c.
- the second column chain structure circuit 115b has the same configuration as the first column chain structure circuit, and the input of the second column chain structure circuit 115b is connected to the output of the first binary counter 110. (yl to y8) and the output (y1 to y8) of the second binary counter 1 1 1 are given. That is, the inputs (c 0 to c 7) of the data mix section 1 15 and the inputs
- the output of the second column chain structure circuit 1 15 also uses the output of the first, fourth, seventh and last EOR of the chain .
- the first output of the chain is x7
- the fourth output is X5
- the seventh output is X3
- the last output of the chain is X1.
- the second-stage chain structure circuit 1 to which the outputs X0 to x7 of the first column chain structure circuit 115a and the second column chain structure circuit 115b are input.
- 15 c is a chain (series) of eight 2-input EOR circuits. One of the inputs of the first EOR circuit in the chain is connected to ground GND, and a total of 8 Has an input.
- the output (o 0 to o 7) of the second stage chain structure circuit 115c is an 8-bit output from the output of each EOR circuit.
- the output of the second-stage chain structure circuit 115c is the output (o0 to o7) of the data mixing unit 115, that is, the second system output (counter data). Since this counter data is also based on the sampling CLK, it is a signal synchronized with the sampling CLK.
- the second system output can be bit-masked similarly to the first system output, and is provided with a bit mask section 116 for this purpose.
- the configuration of the bit mask section 116 is the same as the configuration of the bit mask section 108, the output can be masked according to the mask data of the mask register 122, and the number of effective bits of the second system output is adjusted. be able to.
- the third system output outputs data set in the parallel register array (storage unit) 118.
- This parallel register string 118 is an 8-bit register.
- a first output random number data
- a second output counter data
- This parallel register string 118 can write and store the user ID from outside the device, and output it as a third system output when the ID is required.
- the ID registered in the parallel register row 1 18 can be used for personal authentication. Writing of ID and the like to the parallel register string 118 is free, but writing can be prohibited.
- the parallel register array (storage unit) 118 can also be used to write and store and hold random number data or counter data output to the outside of the device. It can be output to the outside of the device as the third system output when necessary, so that it can be used for data confirmation later.
- a storage unit for data written from outside the device and a storage unit for writing data of the first system output or the second system output may be separately configured. Further, a storage unit for the first system output and a storage unit for the second system output may be separately provided.
- the third system output can be bit-masked similarly to the first system and the second system output.
- a bit mask section 120 is provided.
- the configuration of this bit mask section 120 is the same as the configuration of the bit mask section 108, the output can be masked according to the mask data of the mask register 122, and the number of effective bits of the third system output is adjusted. can do.
- the outputs of the first to third systems are selectively output to the outside of the device (IC) via the external interface unit 125.
- the first system output (L number data) and the second system output (counter data) are continuously generated, and the third system output can always output the data of the parallel register array 118.
- the external interface section 125 outputs one of the outputs to the outside of the device, that is, the data path DATA, in response to the output request R EQ from the outside of the device. Which of the first to third systems is output to the outside of the device is determined in response to a request from outside the device.
- the random number data can be output to the outside of the device as a serial signal separately from the parallel output.
- the external interface 125 selectively receives an input from outside the device.
- the input has two systems, the first system input is for receiving mask data, and the second system input is for receiving fixed data written in the parallel register row 118.
- Each input is 8 bits like the output.
- an input is applied to the data bus DATA from the outside of the device, for example, the personal computer PC shown in FIG. Written to 2. It should be noted that whether the input is of the first system or the second system is specified from outside the device.
- the external interface 125 is configured for connection with an external device such as a personal computer PC, and the external interface 125 is used to incorporate the device into various devices that require random numbers. This makes general-purpose use possible.
- this device 1 generates a true random number, creates a key for encryption, and configures it as an encryption system that encrypts the average using a cryptographic method such as a secret key cryptosystem or a public cryptosystem. Can be.
- the encryption system is preferably configured as a device that can be connected to a computer. By connecting the encryption system to a personal computer, etc., it becomes possible to encrypt various types of files.
- an amplifier for amplifying a noise signal generated from a noise generation source and a binarization device for binarizing the amplified noise signal are provided, and the binarization device is provided by a serial register. Since it is configured, physical random numbers required for encryption and the like can be obtained with a simple configuration.
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Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CA002392878A CA2392878A1 (en) | 2000-10-24 | 2001-10-24 | Random number generator |
JP2002539945A JPWO2002037260A1 (ja) | 2000-10-24 | 2001-10-24 | 乱数発生装置 |
AU2002212570A AU2002212570A1 (en) | 2000-10-24 | 2001-10-24 | Random number generator |
EP01980783A EP1331551A1 (en) | 2000-10-24 | 2001-10-24 | Random number generator |
US10/148,196 US7124157B2 (en) | 2000-10-24 | 2001-10-24 | Random number generator |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2000324379 | 2000-10-24 | ||
JP2000/324379 | 2000-10-24 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2002037260A1 true WO2002037260A1 (fr) | 2002-05-10 |
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ID=18801924
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/IB2001/001989 WO2002037260A1 (fr) | 2000-10-24 | 2001-10-24 | Generateur de nombres aleatoires |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7124157B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1331551A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2002037260A1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100845928B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1278221C (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2002212570A1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2392878A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2002037260A1 (ja) |
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- 2001-10-24 US US10/148,196 patent/US7124157B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-10-24 EP EP01980783A patent/EP1331551A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-10-24 KR KR1020027005725A patent/KR100845928B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-10-24 CA CA002392878A patent/CA2392878A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-10-24 JP JP2002539945A patent/JPWO2002037260A1/ja active Pending
- 2001-10-24 CN CNB018028462A patent/CN1278221C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-10-24 WO PCT/IB2001/001989 patent/WO2002037260A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
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JP2009527963A (ja) * | 2006-02-22 | 2009-07-30 | キネティック リミテッド | ランダム数を発生する装置及び方法 |
JP2009279253A (ja) * | 2008-05-23 | 2009-12-03 | Fujishoji Co Ltd | 遊技機 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2002212570A1 (en) | 2002-05-15 |
EP1331551A1 (en) | 2003-07-30 |
US20020184273A1 (en) | 2002-12-05 |
CA2392878A1 (en) | 2002-05-10 |
CN1278221C (zh) | 2006-10-04 |
JPWO2002037260A1 (ja) | 2004-03-11 |
KR100845928B1 (ko) | 2008-07-11 |
KR20020088062A (ko) | 2002-11-25 |
US7124157B2 (en) | 2006-10-17 |
CN1440526A (zh) | 2003-09-03 |
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