WO2001093286A1 - Couche mince magnetique, son procede de production, son procede d'evaluation et tete magnetique dans laquelle elle est utilisee, dispositif d'enregistrement magnetique et dispositif magnetique - Google Patents
Couche mince magnetique, son procede de production, son procede d'evaluation et tete magnetique dans laquelle elle est utilisee, dispositif d'enregistrement magnetique et dispositif magnetique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001093286A1 WO2001093286A1 PCT/JP2000/008167 JP0008167W WO0193286A1 WO 2001093286 A1 WO2001093286 A1 WO 2001093286A1 JP 0008167 W JP0008167 W JP 0008167W WO 0193286 A1 WO0193286 A1 WO 0193286A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- magnetic
- film
- thin film
- iron carbide
- iron
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 673
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 125
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 450
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 207
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 126
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002050 diffraction method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 124
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 claims description 53
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007737 ion beam deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002003 electron diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 abstract description 61
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical group [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 151
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 38
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 25
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229910017112 Fe—C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000889 permalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001028 reflection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005347 demagnetization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001337 iron nitride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000005381 magnetic domain Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001451 molecular beam epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- QMQXDJATSGGYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidyneiron Chemical compound [C].[Fe] QMQXDJATSGGYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910020679 Co—K Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003271 Ni-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005290 antiferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010485 coping Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- RAQDACVRFCEPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-L ferrous carbonate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]C([O-])=O RAQDACVRFCEPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SHMWNGFNWYELHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Ir] SHMWNGFNWYELHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002059 quaternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005546 reactive sputtering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000702 sendust Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013077 target material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007666 vacuum forming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
- H01P3/02—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type with two longitudinal conductors
- H01P3/08—Microstrips; Strip lines
- H01P3/088—Stacked transmission lines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y25/00—Nanomagnetism, e.g. magnetoimpedance, anisotropic magnetoresistance, giant magnetoresistance or tunneling magnetoresistance
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/127—Structure or manufacture of heads, e.g. inductive
- G11B5/33—Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads, i.e. for reproduction only; Combination of such heads with means for recording or erasing only
- G11B5/39—Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads, i.e. for reproduction only; Combination of such heads with means for recording or erasing only using magneto-resistive devices or effects
- G11B5/3903—Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads, i.e. for reproduction only; Combination of such heads with means for recording or erasing only using magneto-resistive devices or effects using magnetic thin film layers or their effects, the films being part of integrated structures
- G11B5/3906—Details related to the use of magnetic thin film layers or to their effects
- G11B5/3909—Arrangements using a magnetic tunnel junction
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/62—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material
- G11B5/64—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material comprising only the magnetic material without bonding agent
- G11B5/66—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material comprising only the magnetic material without bonding agent the record carriers consisting of several layers
- G11B5/676—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material comprising only the magnetic material without bonding agent the record carriers consisting of several layers having magnetic layers separated by a nonmagnetic layer, e.g. antiferromagnetic layer, Cu layer or coupling layer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/62—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material
- G11B5/73—Base layers, i.e. all non-magnetic layers lying under a lowermost magnetic recording layer, e.g. including any non-magnetic layer in between a first magnetic recording layer and either an underlying substrate or a soft magnetic underlayer
- G11B5/7368—Non-polymeric layer under the lowermost magnetic recording layer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F10/00—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure
- H01F10/08—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by magnetic layers
- H01F10/10—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by magnetic layers characterised by the composition
- H01F10/12—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by magnetic layers characterised by the composition being metals or alloys
- H01F10/14—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by magnetic layers characterised by the composition being metals or alloys containing iron or nickel
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F10/00—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure
- H01F10/08—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by magnetic layers
- H01F10/10—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by magnetic layers characterised by the composition
- H01F10/18—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by magnetic layers characterised by the composition being compounds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F10/00—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure
- H01F10/32—Spin-exchange-coupled multilayers, e.g. nanostructured superlattices
- H01F10/324—Exchange coupling of magnetic film pairs via a very thin non-magnetic spacer, e.g. by exchange with conduction electrons of the spacer
- H01F10/3286—Spin-exchange coupled multilayers having at least one layer with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B2005/0002—Special dispositions or recording techniques
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/127—Structure or manufacture of heads, e.g. inductive
- G11B5/33—Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads, i.e. for reproduction only; Combination of such heads with means for recording or erasing only
- G11B5/39—Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads, i.e. for reproduction only; Combination of such heads with means for recording or erasing only using magneto-resistive devices or effects
- G11B2005/3996—Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads, i.e. for reproduction only; Combination of such heads with means for recording or erasing only using magneto-resistive devices or effects large or giant magnetoresistive effects [GMR], e.g. as generated in spin-valve [SV] devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/127—Structure or manufacture of heads, e.g. inductive
- G11B5/1278—Structure or manufacture of heads, e.g. inductive specially adapted for magnetisations perpendicular to the surface of the record carrier
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/127—Structure or manufacture of heads, e.g. inductive
- G11B5/31—Structure or manufacture of heads, e.g. inductive using thin films
- G11B5/3109—Details
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/127—Structure or manufacture of heads, e.g. inductive
- G11B5/31—Structure or manufacture of heads, e.g. inductive using thin films
- G11B5/3109—Details
- G11B5/313—Disposition of layers
- G11B5/3143—Disposition of layers including additional layers for improving the electromagnetic transducing properties of the basic structure, e.g. for flux coupling, guiding or shielding
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/127—Structure or manufacture of heads, e.g. inductive
- G11B5/33—Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads, i.e. for reproduction only; Combination of such heads with means for recording or erasing only
- G11B5/39—Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads, i.e. for reproduction only; Combination of such heads with means for recording or erasing only using magneto-resistive devices or effects
- G11B5/3903—Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads, i.e. for reproduction only; Combination of such heads with means for recording or erasing only using magneto-resistive devices or effects using magnetic thin film layers or their effects, the films being part of integrated structures
- G11B5/3967—Composite structural arrangements of transducers, e.g. inductive write and magnetoresistive read
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F10/00—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure
- H01F10/32—Spin-exchange-coupled multilayers, e.g. nanostructured superlattices
- H01F10/3222—Exchange coupled hard/soft multilayers, e.g. CoPt/Co or NiFe/CoSm
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F10/00—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure
- H01F10/32—Spin-exchange-coupled multilayers, e.g. nanostructured superlattices
- H01F10/324—Exchange coupling of magnetic film pairs via a very thin non-magnetic spacer, e.g. by exchange with conduction electrons of the spacer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F17/00—Fixed inductances of the signal type
- H01F17/0006—Printed inductances
- H01F17/0033—Printed inductances with the coil helically wound around a magnetic core
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/11—Magnetic recording head
- Y10T428/115—Magnetic layer composition
Definitions
- Magnetic thin film manufacturing method thereof, evaluation method thereof, magnetic head using the same, magnetic recording apparatus, and magnetic device
- the present invention relates to a magnetic thin film, a method for manufacturing the same, a method for evaluating the same, a magnetic head using the same, a magnetic recording apparatus, and a magnetic device. More specifically, high recording density, high frequency, etc., which combine high saturation magnetic flux density (saturat ion magnet ic flux density) and small coercive force without heat treatment after film formation
- the present invention relates to a magnetic thin film, a method of manufacturing the same, a method of evaluating the same, a magnetic head using the same, a magnetic recording device, and a magnetic device.
- the magnetic thin film according to the present invention is suitably used as a magnetic pole material of a magnetic head for recording a magnetic signal on a hard disk, a floppy disk, a magnetic tape or the like.
- HDDs hard disk drives
- Conventional magnetic heads consist of a single element that has both recording and reproducing functions.However, as the size of the medium has been reduced due to the downsizing of the device and the linear velocity in the magnetization reversal direction has decreased, the linear A read head consisting of a magnetoresistive (MR) element that uses the magnetoresistive effect to stably detect the leakage magnetic field with high sensitivity regardless of the speed Is being installed as standard.
- MR magnetoresistive
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-074122 discloses a method for producing a Co—Fe—Ni alloy film using a plating method. It has a cobalt content of 40 to 70 wt% (wt%), an iron content of 20 to 40 wt% and a nickel content of 10 to 20 wt%. It has a body-centered cubic structure and a face-centered cubic structure. It states that a Co--Fe--Ni alloy having a single-phase crystal structure can be produced, and that the obtained alloy film has a small coercive force and magnetostriction and has a saturation magnetic flux density of 2 T or more. ing. Furthermore, it is described that post-heating treatment at 100 ° C or higher is effective for improving corrosion resistance.
- Reference 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 08-107036 discloses a method for producing an alloy film mainly composed of Fe or Co using a sputtering method, and which is subjected to heat treatment.
- a material of the magnetic film exhibiting soft magnetic characteristics Fe or Co is mainly used, and at least one selected from Ta, Zr, Hf and Nb is added at 5 to 20 at% (atomic%).
- A1 Ti, Cr, Ru, Rh, Pt It discloses that at least one element selected from among Pd, Mo, and W is added at a concentration of 1 to 20 at%.
- An iron nitride film containing 1 at% is prepared. At that time, it is important to set the deposition rate to 0.002 to 0.003 nm / sec and the gas pressure during the deposition to 0.1 to 0.2 mTorr.
- the obtained iron nitride film was a martensite ( ⁇ ') film, and its saturation magnetic flux density was about 2.4%.
- annealing process 200 ° C in a vacuum of 10- 8 Torr stand after deposition a single crystal of saturation magnetic flux density of about 2. 9T F e 16 N 2 ( ⁇ ")
- the technology shown in Document 1 is to produce the magnetic pole material of the recording head by a wet process called the plating method.
- the plating method it is difficult to fabricate the MR element, which constitutes the reproducing head that is mounted at the same time, by the plating method, and it must be fabricated by a dry process called the sputtering method. Therefore, the production of magnetic pole materials by the plating method from the standpoint of avoiding double investment and building an inexpensive manufacturing process, or stabilizing interface management (e.g., avoiding contamination and maintaining flatness) across two processes. Are in a situation where they want to refrain from hiring.
- a recording head can be manufactured by the same sputtering method as the MR element that constitutes the reproducing head, so it can be evaluated in promoting the all-dry process of the magnetic head.
- the obtained saturation magnetic flux density is about 1.5 T, and writing information to a medium whose coercive force exceeds 250 Oersteds (O e), which will be used to increase the recording density in the future, is ineffective. I have to say that.
- the magnetic pole material in Reference 2 must be at least a quaternary system, and the examples show a quinary system. Thus, there is a concern that the composition ratio margin for obtaining a good saturation magnetic flux density is narrow, and strict film composition control is required.
- heat treatment after film formation is essential for this.
- heat treatment is performed at 49 ° C. lower than the crystallization temperature by 49 ° C. for 3 hours, and then heat treatment is performed at 590 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- this heat treatment causes disturbance at the interface of the MR element composed of a laminate of ultra-thin layers constituting the reproduction head, and consequently reduces the characteristics of the MR element. This is a difficult process to adopt because it can cause deterioration.
- the magnetic film of Reference 3 has a maximum saturation magnetic flux density of 2.9 T which is currently reported, and has a feature that it can be manufactured by the MBE method which is one of the dry processes.
- a magnetic film having the desired characteristics can be obtained only on a special substrate surface, and the film formation rate is extremely low, from 0.02 to 0.03 nm / sec. Due to difficult manufacturing conditions for use in mass production processes, etc. It was not adopted as much.
- development of a recording head magnetic pole material satisfying the following conditions at the same time and a method of manufacturing the same are expected.
- (B) A magnetic pole material having a coercive force of 2 Oe or less, preferably 1 Oe or less.
- (C) A magnetic pole material and manufacturing method that can be manufactured by the same dry process as manufacturing MR elements for read heads, with the aim of preventing impurities from mixing and maintaining interface flatness.
- (D) A manufacturing method that has a film forming rate adapted to the mass production process, that is, has the ability to adapt to the manufacturing process, and enables the construction of an inexpensive manufacturing line.
- (E) A magnetic pole that can be formed at a low temperature of 100 ° C or less so as not to affect the interface of the previously manufactured thin film laminate, for example, the MR element, and that does not require heat treatment after film formation.
- Material and recipe. A report that satisfies these multiple conditions is that of Kim and Takahashi in 1972 [T. K. Kii and M. Takaashi, Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 492 (1972)]. The highlight of this report is that it uses a very simple thin film formation method called evaporation, which is one of the dry processes, and has a very low coercivity and extremely high 2.58 T on a substrate at almost room temperature.
- the magnetic head for in-plane magnetic recording is specifically taken up and described in detail.
- the above characteristics that is, “saturation magnetic flux density of 1.5 T or more, preferably 2 T or more” or “2 Oe or less”
- a coercive force of 1 Oe or less Desirably, it can also be used as a magnetic pole material constituting a magnetic head for recording. Therefore, the magnetic pole material having the above-mentioned saturation magnetic flux density and coercive force can be used for a magnetic head for perpendicular magnetic recording.
- magnetic thin films having such excellent soft magnetic properties can be widely used in the field of magnetic recording without distinction between in-plane recording and perpendicular recording. Further, if the magnetic thin film and the method for producing the same satisfy the conditions described in the above (A) to (E), they can be applied not only to the magnetic pole material constituting the magnetic head but also to various magnetic devices as described below. Use was also expected.
- a 1 Used as a magnetic thin film provided on a hard magnetic film that functions as a recording layer that constitutes a longitudinal magnetic recording medium.
- kAL 2 Used as a magnetic thin film provided below a hard magnetic film that functions as a recording layer constituting a perpendicular magnetic recording medium.
- a 4 Used as a magnetic thin film for at least part of the transmission line that composes a magnetic sensor.
- a 5 Used as a magnetic thin film to be used for at least a part of a transmission line constituting a high frequency passive device.
- a 6 Used as a magnetic thin film used for at least a part of a magnetic film constituting a micro trans or a micro inductor.
- a magnetic pole material with a coercive force of 1 Oe or less can be expected to further improve the characteristics of each magnetic device.
- a first object according to the present invention is that almost no heat treatment is performed during and after film formation.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a magnetic thin film having a soft magnetic characteristic having a saturation magnetic flux density of at least 2 T and a coercive force of 2 Oe or less.
- a second object according to the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a magnetic thin film having soft magnetic properties suitable as a magnetic pole material of a recording head, which can be manufactured by the same dry process as an MR element forming a reproducing head. Is to do.
- a third object according to the present invention is to specify that the crystal structure is a carbon iron film having a crystal phase as a main phase and at least carbon and iron as constituent elements during or after film formation. It is to provide an evaluation method.
- a fourth and fifth object of the present invention is to provide a magnetic head capable of recording a signal by sufficiently magnetizing a medium having a high coercive force and a magnetic recording apparatus having the magnetic head. is there.
- a sixth object of the present invention is to provide a magnetic recording medium that can cope with high recording density.
- a seventh object of the present invention is to provide various magnetic devices having more excellent characteristics than before, for example, more excellent characteristics in energy product, frequency, current density, and the like. Disclosure of the invention
- the magnetic thin film according to the present invention is characterized in that it is an iron carbide film having a primary phase as a main phase and at least carbon and iron as constituent elements.
- the method for producing a magnetic thin film according to the present invention comprises the steps of: sputtering, vacuum deposition, CVD, ion beam deposition, or laser deposition on a substrate disposed in a reduced-pressure space.
- the method is characterized by including a step of forming an iron carbide film composed of an ⁇ ′-phase single phase using at least carbon and iron as constituent elements by using a film method.
- an X-ray diffraction method is used as a means for specifying that the ′ phase is a main phase, and at least an iron carbide film containing carbon and iron as constituent elements. It is characterized by:
- the second method for evaluating a magnetic thin film provides an electron beam irradiator as a means for specifying that a phase is a main phase, and at least an iron carbide film containing carbon and iron as constituent elements. It is characterized by using a folding method.
- the magnetic head according to the present invention is characterized in that the iron carbide film having the above configuration is used as a magnetic pole material of a recording head.
- a magnetic recording apparatus is characterized in that information is magnetically recorded on a moving magnetic recording medium using the above-mentioned magnetic head.
- a first magnetic device is characterized in that a magnetic thin film composed of an iron carbide film having the above-described configuration is provided on a hard magnetic film functioning as a recording layer constituting a longitudinal magnetic recording medium.
- a second magnetic device is characterized in that the magnetic thin film made of the iron carbide film having the above configuration is provided below a hard magnetic film functioning as a recording layer of a perpendicular magnetic recording medium.
- a third magnetic device is characterized in that the magnetic thin film made of the iron carbide film having the above-described configuration is used as at least a part of a soft magnetic layer constituting an exchange magnet or a spin transistor magnet.
- a fourth magnetic device is characterized in that the magnetic thin film made of the iron carbide film having the above configuration is used for at least a part of a transmission line forming a magnetic field sensor.
- a fifth magnetic device is characterized in that the magnetic thin film made of the iron carbide film having the above configuration is used for at least a part of a transmission line forming a high-frequency passive device.
- a sixth magnetic device is characterized in that the magnetic thin film made of the iron carbide film having the above configuration is used as at least a part of a magnetic film forming a microtransformer or a microinductor.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a magnetic thin film according to the present invention, wherein (a) shows a case where a magnetic layer is provided directly on a substrate, and (b) shows a case where a magnetic layer is provided on a substrate via a buffer layer. The case where a magnetic layer is provided is shown.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing an X-ray diffraction result of the magnetic thin film according to the present invention.
- (b) shows only the diffraction line from the (002) plane of the magnetic thin film. Shows the case where is observed.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing a result of examining the sample S1 produced in Example 1 by an X-ray diffraction method.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the carbon content (horizontal axis X) of the Fe—C alloy target used for film formation in Example 1 and the carbon content (vertical axis) of the manufactured iron carbide film.
- FIG. 5 is a graph in which the lattice constants a and c of the iron carbide film measured by the Schulz reflection method and the axial ratio cZa obtained from these values are plotted against the carbon content in the film.
- FIG. 6 is a hysteresis curve of an iron carbonate film having a carbon content of 4 at% in the film among the sample S 1 prepared in Example 1, wherein (a) shows the ⁇ 001> direction of the bct structure,
- FIG. 7 is a hysteresis curve of the iron carbide film produced in Example 1, and shows the results when a magnetic field is applied in the 001> or ⁇ 100> direction of the bet structure.
- FIG. 8 is a hysteresis curve of the iron carbide film produced in Example 1, and shows a result when a magnetic field is applied in the 100> or 110> direction of the bet structure.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the carbon content and the saturation magnetic flux density Bs of the sample S1 produced in Example 1.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the carbon content and the coercive force He of the sample S1 manufactured in Example 1.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the relationship between the substrate temperature when producing an iron carbide film in Example 4 and the X-ray intensity of the (002) plane of the obtained iron carbide film.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a DC magnetron sputtering apparatus used for producing a magnetic thin film sample of an example.
- FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing an example of the structure of a magnetic head mainly for longitudinal magnetic recording according to the present invention, with a part thereof cut away.
- FIG. 14 is a side sectional view showing an example of the magnetic recording apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a plan sectional view of the magnetic recording apparatus shown in FIG.
- FIG. 16 is a graph showing the result of examining the relationship between the C content and the crystal magnetic anisotropy constant Ku by changing the amount of nitrogen contained in the iron carbide film.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic sectional view showing a recording head for perpendicular magnetic recording using an iron carbide film according to the present invention for a magnetic pole, and a perpendicular magnetic recording medium.
- FIG. 18 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a magnetic device in which the iron carbide film according to the present invention is provided on a hard magnetic film functioning as a recording layer constituting a longitudinal magnetic recording medium.
- FIG. 19 is a schematic sectional view showing a magnetic device in which the iron carbide film according to the present invention is provided under a hard magnetic film functioning as a recording layer of a perpendicular magnetic recording medium.
- FIG. 20 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a magnetic device using the iron carbide film according to the present invention as a soft magnetic layer constituting an exchange magnet or a spin-transistor magnet.
- FIG. 21 is a schematic plan view (a) showing a magnetic device using the iron carbide film according to the present invention for at least a part of a transmission line constituting a magnetic field sensor, and FIG. It is a schematic cross section (b).
- FIG. 22 is a schematic perspective view showing a magnetic device using the iron carbide film according to the present invention for at least a part of a transmission line constituting a high-frequency passive device.
- FIG. 23 is a schematic perspective view showing a magnetic device using the iron carbide film according to the present invention for at least a part of a transmission line constituting a microtransformer or a microinductor.
- the lower pole, coil which also serves as the upper shield layer,
- the magnetic thin film according to the present invention is an iron carbide film whose crystal structure is confirmed to contain a single phase of martensite ( ⁇ ′) phase by X-ray diffraction using Co Ka rays.
- this iron carbide film can be stably obtained on a substrate 10 which has not been subjected to a heat treatment exceeding 100 ° C. at the time of film formation.
- this carbon iron film 1 1 Good soft magnetic properties with simultaneous saturation magnetic flux density (Bs) of 2 T or more and coercive force (He) of 2 ⁇ e or less without the need for heat treatment after film formation. Have.
- Bs simultaneous saturation magnetic flux density
- He coercive force
- the iron carbide film 11 having the above characteristics mainly uses the diffraction line from the (0 2) plane of the a ′ phase, that is, ⁇ ′ (0 2) by the X-ray diffraction method. It is identified by being included and observed.
- FIG. 2 shows the case where the diffraction line from the (002) plane of the iron carbide film shows a main peak, and a broad shoulder is observed at the high angle side, and (b) shows the case where the iron carbide film has a broad shoulder. In this case, only the diffraction line from the (002) plane is observed.
- the above-mentioned soft magnetic properties which simultaneously have a saturation magnetic flux density Bs of 2 T or more and a coercive force He of 2 Oe or less, are better than those of the iron carbide film shown in Fig. 2 (a).
- an iron carbide film in which only diffraction lines from the (00 2) plane are observed is easier to obtain, and for example, a film with characteristics of Ms exceeding 2.2 T or He of 1 Oe or less is realized. it can.
- the soft magnetic properties of the iron carbide film in Fig. 2 (a) are slightly deteriorated, the saturation magnetic flux density B s of 2 T or more and the It is possible to obtain coercivity He.
- iron carbide film composed of carbon and iron has been described.
- other than the carbon element and the iron element for example, magnetostriction, magnetic anisotropy energy, magnetic permeability, specific resistance, corrosion resistance, and mechanical processing
- other elements for example, elements such as Co, Ni, C, 0, N, B, Ta, Nd, Au, Ag, and Pd are appropriately contained. Needless to say, it does not matter.
- the iron carbide film 11 having the 'phase as the main phase according to the present invention has a diffraction line from the (02) plane of the «phase and other diffraction lines. It consists of diffraction lines, that is, broad shoulders (oblique lines) observed on the high angle side. When the other diffraction lines disappear and a single crystal is formed, an iron carbide film is formed.
- Numeral 11 is composed of only a single phase, and only the diffraction line from the (002) plane of the phase as shown in FIG. 2 (b) is observed and specified.
- the iron carbide film 11 according to the present invention can easily determine whether or not it has a desired crystal morphology at the time of manufacture, so that the film quality can be accurately determined even after the film formation as well as during the film formation. It is possible to manufacture while grasping.
- the iron carbide film according to the present invention can be confirmed to have a body-centered tetragonal structure (bet structure) by the Schulz reflection method, the use of this Schulz reflection method also However, since the film quality of the iron carbide film can be inspected during or after the production, a more stable production process can be established.
- the iron carbide film according to the present invention is suitable as a recording head magnetic pole material.
- the iron carbide film has a higher c-axis direction than the c-plane compared to the magnetic anisotropy energy required when spontaneous magnetization deviates from the easy axis direction in the c-plane.
- the magnetic anisotropy energy required when swinging is more than two orders of magnitude larger. Therefore, in the iron carbide film, the spontaneous magnetization hardly swings in the c-axis direction from the c-plane, and the magnetization direction can be stably controlled only in the c-plane.
- the hard magnetic axis described above is in a direction substantially perpendicular to the film surface, and the easy magnetization surface is Since it is substantially horizontal to the surface, it means that the direction in which the external magnetic field is applied should be parallel to the film surface of the iron carbide film, that is, parallel to the substrate surface. That is, as long as the means for applying an external magnetic field is arranged on the same substrate on which the iron carbide film is provided, the direction of magnetization along the direction parallel to the surface of the substrate can be controlled.
- the film is very easy to handle.
- the iron carbide film according to the present invention has a saturation magnetic flux density of 2 T or more and a coercive force of 2 ⁇ e by setting the composition to 0.5 at% or more and 15 at% or less of carbon and the balance of iron. You can: When the film composition is 1 at% or more and 12 at% or less and carbon and the balance of iron, the coercive force is further reduced and the coercive force can be suppressed to 1 e or less, which is more preferable.
- the saturation magnetic flux density can be further increased while keeping the coercive force low, and a value exceeding 2.2 T is obtained.
- carbonized iron film according to the present invention is has a 1 0-six magnetostriction magnetostrictive by incorporating nitrogen as a third element in the film is reduced, it has a small magnetostriction extremely called 1 0-7 single A thin film can be realized.
- suitable amount of nitrogen in the carbide iron film 1 0 5 [erg / cm 3] base of the crystal magnetic anisotropy constant K u value by controlling the C content of appropriate film can get.
- the iron carbide film is provided on a thin film having an interatomic distance substantially the same as the interatomic distance of the iron carbide film, the above-described various magnetic characteristics can be obtained more stably.
- An example of the thin film is an iron film having a (200) plane as a surface.
- the main element constituting the thin film has a lattice constant substantially equal to that of the iron carbide film.
- the element whose lattice constant is substantially the same as the iron carbide film include one or more elements selected from Ag, Au, Pd, Pi :, Rh, Al, Ir, and Ru. .
- the lattice constant being substantially the same as that of the iron carbide film indicates a range of 4A ⁇ 10%.
- 1A 0.1 rnn.
- the iron carbide film according to the present invention is characterized in that the magnetocrystalline anisotropy constants Ku are negative. This suggests that the spontaneous magnetization is stable in the c-plane.Therefore, by examining the crystal magnetic anisotropy constant of the fabricated iron carbide film, it can be determined whether the film has the desired film quality. It can be easily determined.
- the iron carbide film according to the present invention has the c-plane as the easily magnetized surface and the c-axis as the hardly magnetizable axis, and is required when spontaneous magnetization deviates from the direction of the easily magnetized axis in the c-plane.
- the magnetic anisotropy energy required when swinging in the c-axis direction from the c-plane is two orders of magnitude larger.
- Ferroxplana which is known as a material for a high-frequency core, so that the magnetic thin film made of iron carbide according to the present invention is also used.
- the method for producing a magnetic thin film according to the present invention includes the steps of sputtering, vacuum deposition, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), ion beam deposition, and laser deposition on a substrate placed in a reduced pressure space.
- the method is characterized in that a step of forming an iron carbide film having at least carbon and iron as constituent elements and a main phase as a main phase using any one of the film formation methods is provided. Because it is easy to obtain high adhesion of the magnetic thin film to the substrate, The ringing method is preferably used.
- the method is not limited to the sputtering method as long as a thin film containing at least carbon and iron as constituent elements can be produced and a step of forming an iron carbide film having an ⁇ ′ phase as a main phase is provided.
- Vacuum evaporation, CVD, ion beam evaporation, or laser evaporation may be used.
- the iron carbide film having the ⁇ ′ phase as a main phase produced in the above process is stably formed in a so-called as-depo state immediately after the film formation without intentionally performing post-heating treatment after the film formation. Therefore, even if an element made of another magnetic film, such as a magnetoresistive element, is provided on the substrate before forming the iron carbide film, the element is not thermally affected.
- the iron carbide film having the 'phase as the main phase produced in the above process can be used in a normal film forming process using a film forming space with a reached vacuum of the order of 10 to 7 Torr. It has excellent soft magnetic properties with a saturation magnetic flux density of T or more and a coercive force of 2 Oe or less.
- the iron carbide film having the above-described structure By forming the iron carbide film having the above-described structure on a substrate having a surface temperature of 5 to 100 ° C., the diffraction line from the (002) plane of the en ′ phase, that is, d, ( Since the intensity of 0 2) can be obtained at 80% or more of the maximum value, a stable thin film can be formed. Further, when the surface temperature of the substrate is set to 10 ° C. or more and 70 ° C. or less, the strength of the steel (002) becomes 90% or more of the maximum value, and iron carbide having desired magnetic properties is obtained. This is more preferable because the film can be manufactured more stably.
- a step of heat-treating the substrate in a reduced-pressure space prior to the step of forming the iron carbide film, a step of heat-treating the substrate in a reduced-pressure space; a sputtering method, a vacuum deposition method, a CVD method, and an ion beam deposition method on the substrate heat-treated in the reduced-pressure space.
- Forming a thin film having an interatomic distance substantially equal to the interatomic distance of the iron carbide film by using any one of a laser vapor deposition method, and at least one substrate provided with the thin film.
- the interatomic distance is substantially the same as the interatomic distance of the iron carbide film.
- an iron film as a thin film having the above, an ⁇ -phase iron film having a (200) plane as a surface, that is, an ⁇ -Fe film can be obtained.
- the substrate provided with the iron film is cooled to 100 ° C. or lower, and then an iron carbide film is formed on the iron film, whereby the diffraction line from the (0 2) plane of the '
- the iron carbide film according to the present invention in which only ⁇ ′ (002) is observed can be easily formed.
- the substrate temperature when the iron film is formed is preferably 150 ° C. or higher, more preferably 200 ° C. or higher.
- the main elements constituting the thin film preferably have substantially the same lattice constant as the iron carbide film.
- the main elements constituting the thin film include Ag, Au, P One or more elements selected from d, Pt, Rh, Al, Ir, and Ru.
- As a method of forming the iron carbide film as a base material source for forming the iron carbide film, at least an alloy or sintered base material composed of carbon and iron or a base material composed of carbon and a base material composed of iron are combined. A method of depositing an iron carbide film on a substrate using the composite base material and a process gas composed of an inert gas is preferably used.
- a base material made of at least iron and a process gas made of a reactive gas containing at least carbon as a constituent element may be used as a base material source for forming the iron carbide film.
- a method of depositing the iron carbide film on a substrate may be used.
- the base material is provided as a substantially flat member called a target when used in the sputtering method, and as a bulk evaporation material when used in various evaporation methods.
- the above-described reactive gas containing carbon may be used as a part or all of the process gas.
- the alloy or the sintered base material should be 0.5 at.
- a material having a composition of not less than 15 at% and at most 15 at% of carbon and the balance of iron is preferable, and a material having a composition of not less than lat% and not more than 12 at% of carbon and the balance of iron is more preferable.
- an X-ray diffraction method is used as a means for specifying an ⁇ ′ phase as a main phase and at least specifying that the film is an iron carbide film containing carbon and iron as constituent elements. It is characterized by:
- an electron beam diffraction method is used as a means for specifying an ⁇ ′ phase as a main phase and at least an iron carbide film containing carbon and iron as constituent elements. It is characterized in that it is used.
- an iron carbide film containing the ⁇ , phase as a main phase and at least carbon and iron as constituent elements is being formed or is being formed. Regardless of whether it is an air atmosphere or a reduced pressure atmosphere, its crystal form can clearly be identified easily.
- an iron carbide film with a saturation magnetic flux density exceeding 2 mm and a coercive force lower than 2 Oe as the magnetic pole material of the recording head, a magnetic head with higher write performance than the conventional head can be manufactured. can get.
- the magnetic pole material having a high saturation magnetic flux density has an effect of increasing the track density. In other words, when the track width of the recording head is reduced, the strength of the magnetic field leaking from the recording head decreases, but when the saturation magnetic flux density is high, the strength of the leaked magnetic field can be maintained high, so that a narrower track than before can be achieved. .
- the magnetic head using the magnetic thin film according to the present invention as a magnetic pole material of a recording head can write a magnetic signal with a low noise and a high resolution on a magnetic recording medium having a higher coercive force than before. Achieve high areal recording density.
- a recording head made of a magnetic pole material having a saturation magnetic flux density of about 1.5 to 1.8 T could be written on a medium having a coercive force of about 250 Oe.
- the recording head using the iron carbide film according to the above as a pole material has a sufficient writing capability even for a medium having a high coercive force of 250 Oe or more.
- a magnetic recording medium that moves at a higher recording density than before can be obtained.
- a magnetic recording device capable of magnetically recording information can be obtained.
- a reproducing head of the magnetic recording device for example, an MR head (magnetoresistive head) or a GMR head provided with a film exhibiting a magnetoresistive effect whose resistance changes when an external magnetic field is applied as a reproducing element (magnetoresistive element).
- TMR head tunnel magneto-resistive head
- TMR head tunnel magneto-resistive head
- an in-plane magnetic recording medium having an easy axis of magnetization in a direction parallel to the substrate is preferably used, but a perpendicular magnetic recording medium having an easy axis of magnetization in a direction perpendicular to the substrate is used.
- the recording head using the iron carbide film according to the present invention as a pole material is not only a magnetic head for in-plane magnetic recording as shown in FIG. 13 but also a perpendicular magnetic recording as shown in FIG. It can also be used as a recording head.
- the iron carbide film according to the present invention is suitably used at least as the magnetic pole .85.
- reference numeral 80 denotes a vertical recording head
- 81 denotes a substrate made of, for example, a magnetic material
- 82 denotes an insulator
- 83 denotes a coil made of a conductor
- 84 denotes an intermediate layer made of a non-magnetic material
- 86 denotes an insulator. Protection layer.
- 87 indicates a perpendicular magnetic recording medium
- 88 indicates a substrate of a perpendicular magnetic recording medium
- 89 indicates a recording layer of the perpendicular magnetic recording medium.
- the iron carbide film according to the present invention which has excellent soft magnetic properties such that the saturation magnetic flux density is 2 T or more and the coercive force is 1 ⁇ e or less, as the magnetic pole material constituting the perpendicular recording head 80, Even if the area of the magnetic pole part 85 ′ of the recording head viewed from the magnetic recording medium 87 side is small or the thickness is small, strong leakage to the recording layer 89 constituting the perpendicular magnetic recording medium 87 Can provide magnetic flux.
- the recording head 80 using the iron carbide film according to the present invention as a pole material contributes to high recording density not only in longitudinal magnetic recording but also in perpendicular magnetic recording.
- the present invention may be applied to a magnetic head in which a reproducing head having an MR element is incorporated in the recording head 80, that is, a magnetic head having both functions of recording and reproducing.
- the magnetic thin film made of the iron carbide film according to the present invention can be used for a magnetic device provided on a hard magnetic film functioning as a recording layer constituting a longitudinal magnetic recording medium.
- the configuration is such that an in-plane magnetic recording medium 90 in which a magnetic thin film 95 made of an iron carbide film shown in (a) is directly provided on a recording layer 94 made of a hard magnetic film is used.
- in-plane magnetic recording media 91 there are two types of in-plane magnetic recording media 91 in which an intermediate layer 97 made of a nonmagnetic film is provided between a magnetic thin film 95 made of an iron carbide film and a recording layer 94 shown in (b).
- 92 represents a substrate
- 93 represents a metal underlayer
- 96 represents a protective layer.
- the magnetic device having the above configuration is excellent in performance of maintaining stable magnetization even if the magnetization written in the recording layer is reduced due to the increase in the recording density of the in-plane magnetic recording.
- the magnetic thin film made of the iron carbide film according to the present invention can be used for a magnetic device provided below a hard magnetic film functioning as a recording layer of a perpendicular magnetic recording medium. As shown in FIG. 19, the configuration is such that a perpendicular magnetic recording medium 1 in which a magnetic thin film 103 made of an iron carbide film shown in (a) is provided directly under a recording layer 104 made of a hard magnetic film.
- 102 represents a substrate
- 105 represents a protective layer.
- FIG. 20 (a) is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an exchange magnet 200 composed of a hard magnetic layer 201 and a soft magnetic layer 202 having a thickness of several nm
- a material that exhibits a special element function at an intermediate level (meso) of several tens of atoms or a thickness is called a mesoscopic material. It has a two-layer film structure consisting of 1 and a soft magnetic layer 202. At this mesoscopic level, exchange coupling force is generated between the two layers, and it exhibits a demagnetization curve gas ring-like behavior. This breaks through the limit of the energy product of conventional magnets, and enables phenomenal magnets exceeding 10 OMG Oe. At the same time, a spin valve function is generated between the layers, and it can be a composite element material that also has a GMR function.
- the spin transistor magnet 203 functions as the hard magnetic layer 204
- the nonmagnetic layer 205 functions as the base
- the soft magnetic layer 206 functions as the collector. That is, when a bias current is applied between the hard magnetic layer 204 and the non-magnetic layer 205, the spin electrons ( ⁇ mark) of the hard magnetic layer 204 are injected into the non-magnetic layer 205. Become a minority career. If the thickness of the nonmagnetic layer 205 is mesoscopic, the spin electrons (-) reach the soft magnetic layer 206 during the lifetime. At that time, depending on the direction of magnetization of the soft magnetic layer 206, spin electrons flow into the soft magnetic layer 206 or are rejected.
- the current of the collector circuit changes to “10, 0, 1”, and it is expected that a transistor action will occur.
- the soft magnetic films 202 and 206 constituting these have an extremely thin thickness of several nm. Excellent soft magnetic properties with easy magnetization surface in the film plane Is required to be maintained. Even with this requirement, that is, even in an ultrathin film (medical (tens of atomic layer) region), the iron carbide film according to the present invention is in the stage after film formation (at the time of as-depo), that is, even without post-heating (anneal). However, it has an axis of easy magnetization in the plane of the thin film and does not require post-heating, and thus has the advantage that interface diffusion due to post-heating does not occur.
- the iron carbide film according to the present invention can satisfy the above characteristics just after the film formation, so that the soft magnetic films 202 and 200 constituting the exchange magnet 200 and the spin transistor magnet 203 are formed. 6 is a very suitable material.
- a soft magnetic film with a thickness of several nm is a thin film that contacts at the interface, that is, the exchange magnet.
- a hard magnetic film 201 and in the case of a spin-transistor magnet, a non-magnetic film 205, a diffusion phenomenon easily occurs, so that it is practically difficult to form a laminate on the order of nm. It was difficult to fabricate a structure that comprised an exchange magnet and a spin transistor magnet.
- the magnetic thin film made of the iron carbide film according to the present invention can be used for a magnetic device using at least a part of a transmission line constituting a magnetic field sensor.
- an iron carbide film according to the present invention is used as the grounded magnetic layer 301, and the upper and lower sides of the magnetic film 301 are used.
- conducting wires having a spiral structure are provided via insulating layers 302 and 304, respectively.
- the upper conductive wire 304 disposed on the upper surface of the insulating layer 302 is connected to the lower conductive wire 304 disposed on the lower surface of the insulating layer 303 at the terminal a. That is, the terminal b of the upper conductor 304 and the terminal c of the lower conductor 303 are connected in series via the terminal a.
- the transmission line having the above configuration can be used as a magnetic field sensor because the magnetic susceptibility of the magnetic layer 301 changes due to an external magnetic field, and the transmission characteristics change accordingly. However, in that case, it is necessary to align the direction of the easy axis of magnetization of the magnetic layer 301 with the direction in which the transmission line extends (the direction of the arrow).
- the iron carbide film according to the present invention has a feature that the substrate surface grows as an easily magnetized surface after film formation, so that the function required for the magnetic layer 301 can be stably obtained. it can. Therefore, By using the bright iron carbide film as the magnetic layer 301, a magnetic field sensor having the above configuration can be easily obtained.
- the magnetic thin film made of the iron carbide film according to the present invention can be used for a magnetic device used for at least a part of a transmission line constituting a high-frequency passive device.
- a transmission line that constitutes the high-frequency passive device 400 As an example of a transmission line that constitutes the high-frequency passive device 400, as shown in FIG. 22, it is sandwiched between insulating layers 402 and 404 on a substrate 401 made of an insulator.
- An example in which an iron carbide film according to the present invention is provided as the magnetic layer 403, and a line 405 made of a conductor is disposed on the insulating layer 404 located on the magnetic layer 403 can be given. .
- the addition of the magnetic layer 403 increases the impedance of the line itself and can shorten the wavelength of a signal transmitted through the line 405.
- the magnetic flux density of the magnetic layer 403 be high. Therefore, the iron carbide film according to the present invention having a saturation magnetic flux density exceeding 2 T is preferably used as the magnetic layer 403.
- the magnetic thin film made of the iron carbide film according to the present invention can be used for a magnetic device used for at least a part of a transmission line constituting a micro transformer or a microphone opening inductor.
- a microtransformer is an element intended to be used in a relatively low frequency band of less than several 10 MHz, and a micro inductor is intended to be used in a frequency band higher than several 10 MHz. Element.
- an insulator is provided around a magnetic layer 501 made of an iron carbide film according to the present invention.
- a line 503 made of a conductor is wound around the outer periphery of the insulator 502 so as not to overlap.
- the allowable current flowing through the line 503 can be increased by employing a material having a high saturation magnetic flux density as the magnetic layer 501. That is, by using the iron carbide film according to the present invention having a saturation magnetic flux density exceeding 2 T as the magnetic layer 501, a large current can be stabilized. A microtransformer or microinductor that can be flowed out is obtained. Further, since the resonance point of the magnetic permeability tends to shift to the higher frequency side as the saturation magnetic flux density Bs of the magnetic layer 501 increases, the iron carbide according to the present invention has a saturation magnetic flux density exceeding 2 T. A micro-transformer or a micro-inductor using a film for the magnetic layer 501 can be expected to have excellent high-frequency characteristics.
- Example 1 A micro-transformer or a micro-inductor using a film for the magnetic layer 501 can be expected to have excellent high-frequency characteristics.
- the film composition of carbon (C) contained in the film is 0 to 20 atomic% (at%) and the balance is iron (F e).
- the magnetic layer 11 was directly deposited on the substrate 10 by a sputtering method.
- FIG. 1A is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a layer configuration of a magnetic thin film sample according to the present example, where 10 is a base and 11 is a magnetic layer.
- a glass substrate (# 7059, manufactured by Koingen Co., Ltd.) was used as the base 10, and the film composition of the magnetic layer 11 to be formed was determined by the iron carbide (Fe—C) alloy used for the film formation.
- the composition of the second get 25 consisting of was appropriately changed and changed by spattering.
- iron carbide film ( ⁇ '- F e- C film) deposition chamber 2 1 ultimate vacuum forming the magnetic layer 1 1 made of is fixed to 1 0- 7 Torr base, formed
- a magnetic field [intensity: 30 to 50 gauss (G)] was applied in one direction parallel to the film formation surface of the substrate 39 using a magnetic field applying means 40.
- the substrate 39 Prior to film formation, the substrate 39 was subjected to a heat treatment at 200 ° C. for 2 hours in a vacuum, and then the substrate 39 was cooled to 20 ° C. and maintained at this temperature.
- An iron carbide film having a desired composition was deposited on the body 39.
- the iron carbide film was formed using an alloy alloy made of Fe and C manufactured by the vacuum melting method, but the target made of the Fe and C manufactured by the sintering method was -A composite evening with a C chip on the target or a Fe target and C A sputtering method using a target separately, or another film formation method such as a laser evaporation method or an ion beam method may be performed.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a DC magnetron sputtering device used for producing the iron carbide film according to the present example.
- 21 is a film forming chamber
- 22 is a force layer for forming a buffer layer provided on one side of the bottom of the film forming chamber 21
- 23 is a film forming chamber 21.
- 24 is a first target made of Fe for forming a buffer layer provided on a force source 22
- 25 is a force source.
- a second target made of Fe-C for forming a magnetic film provided on 23, 26 and 27 are insulating members for each force sword, and 28 and 29 supply power to each force sword DC power supply, 30 and 31 are earth shields for each power sword, 32 is a shirt evening machine, 33 is a shirt evening rotation means, 34 is a shutter opening, and 35 is a base holder support member.
- Reference numeral 36 denotes a means for rotating the substrate holder supporting member, 37 denotes a temperature control means for the substrate, 38 denotes a substrate holder, 39 denotes a substrate, and 40 denotes a magnetic field which is parallel to a film forming surface of the substrate in one direction. Magnetic field to apply Pressurizing means, 4 1 outlet, 4 2 gas inlet, 4 3 exhaust means, 4 4 is a gas supply source.
- the film forming chamber 21 is connected to an exhaust means 43 such as a vacuum pump via an exhaust port 41, and is configured to reduce the internal space of the film forming chamber 21 to a desired degree of vacuum. Further, the film forming chamber 21 is provided with a gas inlet 42, and a process gas, such as Ar gas or nitrogen gas, used in the film forming process or the like, is supplied from the gas supply source 44 through the gas inlet 42. In this way, it can be supplied to the internal space of the film forming chamber 21. Further, the apparatus shown in FIG. 12 is located between a substrate holder 38 located above the internal space of the film forming chamber 21 and each of the force swords 22 and 23 located below. It has a shirt 32 that serves to spatially separate the space.
- a process gas such as Ar gas or nitrogen gas
- the center of the shirt 32 is supported by rotating means 33 composed of a rotating shaft provided through the center of the bottom of the film forming chamber 21 and has a rotatable configuration.
- the shirt shirt 32 has an opening 34 at a position facing the cathode when viewed from the base 39 side.
- Rotating means 3 3 Shirt evening 3 2 By rotating the opening, the opening portion 34 is configured to be able to move to the upper position of the cascade 22 or the force sword 23.
- the base holder 38 having a function of holding the base 39 with the film-forming surface facing the force side is a temperature having a function of heating, cooling, or maintaining a constant temperature of the base 39.
- the control means 37 it is fixed to one end of the substrate holder support member 35.
- the other end of the substrate holder supporting member 35 is supported by a rotating means 36 comprising a rotating shaft provided to penetrate the center of the ceiling of the film forming chamber 21 and has a rotatable configuration. Therefore, for example, when a buffer layer is formed on the base 39, the position of the shirt 32 is controlled without the shirt opening 34 between the base 39 and the force sword 22, and gas is introduced.
- the base 39 is moved by the rotating means 36 so as to be at the position above the force sword 22, and the shirt 3 is further positioned so that the shirt opening 34 is located between the base 39 and the force sword 22. It can be implemented by moving 2 by rotating means 3 3.
- the thickness of the thin film to be formed is set to a desired value by controlling the time for keeping the shirt opening 34 between the base 39 and the force sword 22 and the deposition rate.
- Table 1 below shows the main conditions for producing the iron carbide film according to the present example on a glass substrate.
- the substrate 39 was cooled to 20 ° C. by the temperature control means 37 via the substrate holder 38.
- a magnetic layer 11 made of an ⁇ '-Fe-C film having a thickness of 300 nm was formed on the substrate 10.
- the composition of the ⁇ '-Fe-C film was controlled by using a Fe-C alloy target having a desired composition.
- the film formation rate of the Fe—C film (0.4 nm / sec) is the same as the film formation rate in Reference 3 (0.002 to 0.003 nm / sec) described in the prior art. It is 130 to 200 times higher than that, and it is fast enough to respond to mass production
- sample S1 in which the layer configuration produced by the above steps (al) to (a9) is composed of the magnetic layer 11 of the substrate 10 layer (FIG. 1 (a)) is referred to as sample S1. I do.
- the layer configuration shown in FIG. Example 2 differs from Example 1 in that a sample provided with a magnetic layer 11 (referred to as sample S2) was formed by a sputtering method.
- sample S2 a sample provided with a magnetic layer 11
- the sputtering apparatus of FIG. 12 was used as in Example 1.
- the magnetic field in one direction parallel to the deposition surface of the substrate 10 during film formation (intensity: 30 to 50 g ) was added.
- the substrate 10 is subjected to a heat treatment at 200 ° C. for 2 hours in a vacuum, and then the Fe film 12 is formed on the substrate 10 at a temperature of 200 ° C.
- a magnetic layer 11 made of a single Fe-C film having a desired composition was deposited on a buffer layer 12 made of an Fe film of the substrate 10 maintained at this temperature.
- Table 2 shows the main conditions when the magnetic layer 11 made of the ⁇ '-Fe-C film according to the present example is formed on the glass substrate 10 via the buffer layer 12 made of the Fe film. is there. .
- Target material F e, F e -C (C 0-20at%, balance Fe) Target diameter 4 inch
- Ar gas was introduced into the internal space of the film forming chamber 21 from the gas inlet 42, and the gas pressure was controlled to 1 OmTorr using a mass flow controller (not shown).
- a magnetic layer consisting of a single Fe-C film having a thickness of 300 nm was formed on the Fe film.
- the composition of the ⁇ '-Fe-C film was controlled by using an Fe-C alloy alloy target having a desired composition.
- a sample S 2 [FIG. 1 (b)] having a layer configuration of the base 1 OZF e buffer layer 12 / a—Fe—C magnetic layer 11 was prepared.
- Fig. 2 shows the crystal structure of sample S1, which is composed of a magnetic layer of a typical '-Fe-C film prepared in Example 1, and was examined by X-ray diffraction using Co-K ray. This is a graph showing the results.
- the iron carbide film 11 having the main phase as the main phase is a diffraction line from the (0 02) plane of the main phase, that is, ⁇ ′ (0 0 2) is mainly identified by being observed.
- (a) shows the main peak of the diffraction line from the (002) plane of the iron carbide film, and its high angle (B) is the case where only diffraction lines from the (002) plane of the iron carbide film are observed.
- the iron carbide film 11 having the ⁇ ′ phase as the main phase according to the present invention has a diffraction line from the (002) plane of the ⁇ ′ phase and other diffraction lines, as is clear from FIG. It consists of a line, that is, a broad shoulder (oblique line) observed on the high angle side.
- the iron carbide film 11 is composed of only a single-phase single phase, and the (00) of the single-phase as shown in FIG. 2 (b). 2) Only diffraction lines from the surface are observed.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the result of examining the crystal structure of the sample S1 having a different composition of the single Fe-C film prepared in Example 1 by an X-ray diffraction method using Co- ⁇ rays. is there .
- Fig. 3 shows a sample in which only diffraction lines from the (002) plane of the phase shown in Fig. 2 (b) are observed.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 have been described using the sample S 1 of the first embodiment, the sample S 2 of the second embodiment, that is, the buffer S Similar results were confirmed in a sample having a configuration in which the magnetic layer 11 made of a film was provided.
- Fig. 5 is a graph plotting the lattice constants a and f of the '-Fe-C film measured by the Schulz reflection method and the axial ratio c / a obtained from these values against the carbon content in the film. is there.
- Figure 5 shows that the lattice parameter c tends to increase with increasing carbon content.
- the lattice constant a showed a tendency to decrease slightly with increasing carbon content, and a was almost constant at about 2.83.
- the value of cZa is about 1.06, which clearly shows that the obtained '1-Fe-C film has a body-centered tetragonal structure. Natsuta.
- FIG. 5 is described using the sample S1 of the first embodiment, the sample S2 of the second embodiment, that is, a magnetic material composed of an ⁇ ′—Fe—C film on a substrate via a Fe buffer layer Similar results were confirmed for a sample having a configuration provided with a layer.
- FIG. 6 is a hysteresis curve of a thin film of the sample S1 prepared in Example 1 in which the carbon content in the film is 4 at%.
- A shows the results for the ⁇ 00 1> direction of the bct structure
- b shows the results for the ⁇ 100> direction of the ct structure
- c shows the results for the ⁇ 1 10> direction of the bct structure.
- VSM vibrating sample magnetometer
- Fig. 6 (a) the c-axis of the ⁇ '-Fe-C film is a hard magnetization axis, and that the c-plane is an easy magnetization surface from Figs. 6 (b) and (c).
- the energy required to magnetize in a certain direction is the integral value of the magnetization (hysteresis) curve expressed by the following equation (1).
- FIG. 7 is a graph when a magnetic field is applied in the ⁇ 001> direction or 100> direction of the bct structure
- Fig. 8 is a graph when a magnetic field is applied in the 100> direction or 110> direction of the bct structure.
- the horizontal axis is the applied magnetic field H
- the vertical axis is a value obtained by dividing the magnetization M (H) in the applied magnetic field H by the saturation magnetization M s.
- the energy required to rotate the magnetization in the c-plane can be simply calculated from the area SB sandwiched by the magnetization curves when a magnetic field H is applied in the ⁇ 100> and 110> directions. Is possible ( Figure 8).
- the ratio of these areas is the energy ratio.
- demagnetization correction approximately 21 kOe
- H sat the magnetic field at which the magnetization curve in the ⁇ 001> direction saturates
- the saturation magnetization of the 'single F e- C film is calculated by assuming approximately the same 1700 emu / cm 3 and the value of F e, the energy required to direct the magnetization from the c-plane the c-axis direction, i.e. the area SA is "1/2 * 1700 * 2000".
- the symbol * represents a product.
- the magnetization curve in the ⁇ 100> direction is immediately saturated with a small magnetic field of about several e. Therefore, the energy required to rotate the magnetization in the c-plane, that is, the area SB is “1Z2 * 1700 * (1 ⁇ 0.75) * 400”. Therefore, the two areas mentioned above are
- this single Fe-C film has a c anisotropy energy smaller than the magnetic anisotropy energy required when the spontaneous magnetization deviates from the easy axis direction in the c-plane. It was clarified that the magnetic anisotropy energy required when swinging in the c-axis direction from the plane was larger by two orders of magnitude. In addition, it was confirmed that in the ⁇ , _6- film, the axis of difficulty in magnetization was substantially perpendicular to the film surface, and the surface of easy magnetization was substantially horizontal to the film surface.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the carbon content of sample S1 manufactured in Example 1 and the saturation magnetic flux density Bs. From this graph, it can be seen that the ⁇ '-Fe-C film with a carbon content of 15 at% or less can realize a saturation magnetic flux density exceeding 1.5 T, which is the saturation magnetic flux density of currently used head magnetic pole materials.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the carbon content and the coercive force He of the sample S1 manufactured in Example 1.
- the results are shown for the ⁇ mark 100> direction and the ⁇ mark 110> direction.
- the carbon-free iron film horizontal axis 0
- the coercive force can be increased by adding a small amount of 0.5 at% carbon to iron. It decreases remarkably and becomes 2 Oe or less.
- the carbon content is further increased to 1 at% or more, a film having an excellent low coercive force of less than 1 Oe can be obtained. This trend persists up to a carbon content of 12 at%. However, up to around 15 at%, the coercive force can be kept below 2 Oe.
- the iron carbide film according to the present invention has a saturation magnetic flux density exceeding 1.5 T and a protection of 2 Oe or less when the composition is composed of 0.5 to 15 at% carbon and the balance iron. It was found to have soft magnetic properties with a magnetic force. Further, when the carbon content in the film is 1 at% or more and 12 at% or less, the saturation magnetic flux density exceeding 2 T
- the sample S1 of Example 1 that is, the sample in which the iron carbide film is provided directly on the substrate, has been described in detail. The same was true for a sample having a configuration in which an iron carbide layer was provided through the intermediary.
- the iron film provided on the substrate in sample S2 is a thin film having the (200) plane as a surface, and by depositing iron carbide on this iron film, the above-mentioned various magnetic properties can be further stabilized. Therefore, the layer configuration of the sample S2 is more preferable than that of the sample S1.
- the saturation magnetic flux density can be increased by about 10% as compared with an iron carbide film containing no cobalt.
- a magnetic film composed of F e-30 at Co-4 at% C has a saturation magnetic flux density 1.12 times that of a magnetic film composed of F e-4 at% C.
- the iron carbide film according to the present invention can be prepared by adding an appropriate amount of cobalt.
- a higher saturation magnetic flux density can be obtained.
- the present embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that when forming a magnetic film made of Fe-4 at% C by sputtering, a mixed gas of (Ar + N2) was used as a process gas instead of Ar gas. different. By changing the ratio of N 2 gas to Ar gas, iron carbide films with different amounts of nitrogen (referred to as sample S3) were formed.
- Table 3 shows the nitrogen content and magnetostriction of the magnetic film produced in this example. Magnetostriction is a value measured by the cantilever method. ⁇ indicates a value in the direction parallel to the film surface, and ⁇ ⁇ indicates a value in the direction perpendicular to the film surface. Table 3 shows the values obtained by subtracting ⁇ ⁇ from ⁇ .
- the iron carbide according to the present invention contains an appropriate amount of nitrogen in the film.
- Be a thin film having a very small magnetostriction of 10 seven was confirmed.
- the amount of nitrogen in the film where the magnetostriction becomes small as described above varies depending on the carbon content of iron carbide, and is not necessarily limited to around 6 to 7 at%.
- Example 2 differs from Example 1 in that a mixed gas of (Ar + N2) was used instead of Ar gas when depositing layer 11 directly on substrate 10 by sputtering.
- sample S4 iron carbide films containing different amounts of nitrogen were formed.
- FIG. 16 is a graph showing the result of examining the relationship between the C content and the magnetic anisotropy constant Ku by changing the amount of nitrogen contained in the Fe-C film.
- Hata indicates that the N content is zero (denoted as ⁇ '-Fe-C)
- ⁇ indicates that the N content is 2 at%
- ⁇ indicates that the N content is 3 at%.
- ⁇ indicates the case where the N content is 6 at%
- ⁇ indicates the case where the N content is 9 at%. From Fig. 16, the following points became clear.
- (2) Ku can be reduced by an order of magnitude by including an appropriate amount of nitrogen in the (one Fe-C film content of 0 to 8 at%). More specifically, by setting the N content to 2 to 3 at%, the nitrided Fe—C film (Hi—Fe—C—N film) is suppressed to the order of 10 s [erg / cm 3 ]. Notation) is obtained.
- the ⁇ ′—Fe—C film according to the present invention controls its magnetostriction ⁇ crystal magnetic anisotropy constant by appropriately containing N therein. You can see that you can do it.
- the results of this experiment by optimally inhibit the C content and the N content, 10_ seven magnetostrictive and 10 5 [erg / cm 3] base crystals This suggests that a magnetic thin film having both the magnetic anisotropy constant can be formed. (Example 5)
- the temperature of the substrate provided with the iron buffer layer was changed in the range of 0 to 200. Different from 2. However, the substrate temperature when producing the iron buffer layer was fixed at 200 ° C. The other points were the same as in Example 2, and a sample S5 having a layer configuration shown in FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the relationship between the substrate temperature when producing an iron carbide film and the X-ray intensity of the (002) plane of the obtained iron carbide film.
- the X-ray intensity on the vertical axis indicates the diffraction line intensity I from the (002) plane of the iron carbide film prepared at each substrate temperature, and the substrate temperature at which the diffraction line intensity from the (002) plane becomes the maximum. The value was divided by the value I max at 25 ° C.
- FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing an example of the structure of the magnetic head 50 according to the present example, with a part thereof being cut away.
- 51 is a magnetoresistive element
- 5 2 is a lower shield layer
- 5 3 is a lower magnetic pole also serving as an upper shield layer
- 5 4 is a coil
- 5 5 is an upper magnetic pole
- 5 6 is a substrate
- 5 7 is an electrode
- 5 8 is a reproducing head
- 5 9 is a record. It is a head.
- a portion where the magnetoresistive element 51 is sandwiched between the lower shield layer 52 and the upper shield layer 53 constitutes a reproducing head 58.
- the upper shield layer 53 also serves as the lower magnetic pole 53 of the recording head, and a portion where the coil 54 is sandwiched between the lower magnetic pole 53 and the upper magnetic pole 55 constitutes a recording head 59.
- the upper magnetic pole 55 and the lower magnetic pole 53 constituting the recording head 59 are provided with an iron carbide film produced by the sputtering method according to the present invention, for example, a film composed of Fe—4 at% C. e— Place C film.
- an iron buffer layer (not shown) may be provided below the iron carbide film for the purpose of stably obtaining the soft magnetic characteristics of the iron carbide film.
- the iron carbide film may appropriately contain cobalt for increasing the saturation magnetization and nitrogen capable of suppressing magnetostriction to the order of 10 to 7 in the film.
- the substrate 56 is made of alumina / titanium carbide and is a member that functions as a slider for the magnetic head 50.
- the lower shield layer 52 is made of a permalloy (Fe-80 wt% Ni alloy) film, which is surface-coated with a coating layer (not shown) made of alumina and formed by a sputtering method.
- the magnetoresistive element 51 has a structure in which a free layer made of a permalloy film, a conductive layer made of a copper film, a pinned layer made of a permalloy film, and an antiferromagnetic layer made of an iridium-manganese film are sequentially laminated. (Shown).
- a copper film is used for the electrode 57 of the magnetoresistive element 51 constituting the reproducing head 58 and the coil 54 constituting the recording head 59.
- an insulating film made of alumina produced by a sputtering method is arranged as a gap material between the layers, and a coating layer made of alumina similarly produced by a sputtering method is formed on the upper magnetic pole 55.
- the magnetic head 50 configured as described above uses an iron carbide film having a high saturation magnetic flux density exceeding 2 T for all or part of the upper magnetic pole 55 and the lower magnetic pole 53 of the recording head 59. Since these magnetic films can generate a strong magnetic field strength and a high magnetic field gradient without excessively magnetically saturating the magnetic film, the linear recording density can be improved.
- a magnetic pole material made of an iron carbide film having a saturation magnetic field exceeding 2 T also improves the track density.
- the recording head using the magnetic thin film made of iron carbide according to the present invention as a magnetic pole material can achieve a narrower track than before. Furthermore, in order to achieve a high linear recording density, the gap g shown in FIG. 13 must be narrowed.
- a thin insulating film (not It is important to form the upper magnetic pole 55 firmly on Since the magnetic thin film made of iron carbide according to the present invention can be formed stably by a sputtering method which is excellent in adhesion and denseness of the formed film, it is necessary to prepare a thin film which can sufficiently cope with the above-mentioned narrow gap. It is a preferred pole material.
- the magnetic head 50 using the magnetic thin film made of iron carbide according to the present invention as a magnetic pole material of a recording head can be used for a magnetic recording medium having a higher coercive force than a conventional magnetic recording medium with low noise and high resolution. Can be written, thereby realizing a higher areal recording density.
- a recording head made of a magnetic material with a saturation magnetic flux density of about 1.5 to 1.8 T had the ability to write on a medium with a coercive force of up to about 250 Oe. It was difficult to write enough data on the media.
- the magnetic head 50 provided with the recording head 59 using the iron carbide film having a saturation magnetic flux density exceeding 2 T as the magnetic pole material according to the present invention has a high protection of 250 Oe or more. It was confirmed that the medium had sufficient writing ability even for a medium having magnetic force.
- FIG. 14 is a side sectional view showing an example of the magnetic recording apparatus according to the present invention
- FIG. 15 is a plan sectional view of the magnetic recording apparatus shown in FIG.
- 50 is a magnetic head
- 70 is a hard disk drive
- 71 is a housing
- 72 is a magnetic recording medium
- 73 is a spacer
- 75 is a motor
- 76 is a bearing
- 77 is a rotating shaft
- 78 is a swing arm
- 79 is a suspension.
- the HDD 70 is equipped with a read / write separated magnetic head 50 using the iron carbide film shown in Example 5 for the upper magnetic pole 55 and the lower magnetic pole 53 of the recording head 59.
- the HDD 70 is a rectangular parallelepiped housing 71 having an internal space for accommodating a disk-shaped magnetic recording medium (HD, hard disk) 72 and a magnetic head 50.
- a plurality of magnetic recording media 72 are provided in the housing 71 so as to be alternately inserted into the spindles 74 with the spacers 73.
- the housing 71 is provided with a bearing (not shown) for a spindle 74, and a motor 75 used for rotating the spindle 74 is disposed outside the housing 71. With this configuration, all the magnetic recording media 72 are rotatable around the spindle 74 in a state where a plurality of magnetic recording media 72 are stacked by a spacer 73 at intervals so that the magnetic head 50 can enter. ing.
- a rotating shaft 7 7 called a one-way actuator supported in parallel with the spindle 74 by a bearing 76 is provided inside the housing 71 and at the side position of the magnetic recording medium 72. Is arranged. A plurality of swing arms 78 are attached to the rotating shaft 77 so as to extend into the space between the magnetic recording media 72. At the tip of each swingarm 78, there is an elongated ⁇ : square plate-shaped suspension 79 fixed to the surface of each magnetic recording medium 72 at the top and bottom of the swingarm so as to face in an inclined manner. Head 50 is installed.
- the magnetic head 50 includes a recording head 59 having a write-only iron element film according to the present invention and a read-only magnetoresistive element 51.
- the slider provided with the magnetic head 50 has a surface opposite to the surface facing the surface of the magnetic recording medium 72 and is elastically supported by a gimbal member provided on the tip end side of the suspension 79.
- the magnetic head 50 can be moved in the radial direction of the magnetic recording medium 72 by rotating the magnetic recording medium 72 and moving the swing arm 78 to move the magnetic head 50. Can be moved to any position on the magnetic recording medium 72.
- the magnetic recording medium 72 is rotated, and the swing arm 78 is moved to move the magnetic head 50 to an arbitrary position on the magnetic recording medium 72.
- a magnetic field generated by the recording head 59 constituting the magnetic head 50 is applied to a magnetic recording layer (not shown) constituting the magnetic recording medium 72, so that the magnetic recording medium 72 is applied to the magnetic recording layer 72. Desired magnetic information can be written.
- the swing head 78 is moved to move the magnetic head 50 to an arbitrary position on the magnetic recording medium 72, and a magnetic recording layer (not shown) constituting the magnetic recording medium 72 is provided.
- the magnetic information can be read by detecting the leakage magnetic field from the read head 58 constituting the magnetic head 50.
- the upper magnetic pole 55 and the lower magnetic pole 53 of the recording head 59 constituting the magnetic head 50 have excellent softness as described above. If it is composed of a single Fe-C film having magnetic properties, a magnetic recording medium with a high coercive force that would become unsaturated when writing with a conventional magnetic head 7 In addition, sufficiently stable writing can be performed.
- the fact that the magnetic recording medium 72 having a high coercive force can be used means that the leakage magnetic field received by the read element or the magnetoresistive element 51 of the reproducing head 58 when the magnetic head levitates can be increased. . That is, since the reproducing head 58 constituting the magnetic head according to the present invention can receive a stronger signal from the magnetic recording medium 72 than before, the hard disk drive 70 according to the present example has an SZN ratio Good recording and reproducing characteristics can be realized.
- the iron carbide film according to the present invention has a saturation magnetic flux density exceeding 2 T, so that it is possible to narrow the track as compared with the conventional case, and it is also possible to manufacture the film by a sputtering method so that the gap can be narrowed. it can. Therefore, the magnetic recording device 70 capable of writing magnetic information on the magnetic recording medium 72 using the recording head 59 employing the iron carbide film for the magnetic pole according to the present invention is compared with the conventional device. Thus, high recording density can be achieved.
- the hard disk device 70 which is an example of the magnetic recording device according to the present invention, may be an in-plane magnetic recording device having an in-plane medium mounted thereon as the magnetic recording medium 72, or may be a magnetic recording medium 72. Alternatively, a perpendicular magnetic recording device equipped with a perpendicular medium may be used.
- the hard disk drive 70 described above with reference to FIGS. 14 and 15 is an example of a magnetic recording device
- the number of magnetic recording media mounted on the magnetic recording device is one. Any number may be used as long as it is above.
- the shape and the driving method of the swing arms 78 are not limited to those shown in the drawings, and it goes without saying that other methods such as a linear driving method may be adopted.
- the magnetic characteristics capable of coping with a high recording density that is, 2 ⁇ It is possible to obtain a magnetic thin film having both the above-described saturation magnetic flux density and a coercive force of 20 e or less and having good soft magnetic properties.
- iron carbide consisting of the single-phase single-phase, which is the specific crystalline form described above, enables the above-mentioned excellent soft magnetic properties to be stable even during the film formation process where little heat treatment is performed during and after film formation. And a method for producing a magnetic thin film obtained by the method. If a magnetic head employing the above-described iron carbide film having excellent soft magnetic properties for the upper magnetic pole and the lower magnetic pole of the recording head, a stronger magnetic field strength and a higher magnetic field gradient can be generated as compared with conventional magnetic heads. The recording density can be improved. In addition, since the saturation magnetic flux density of the iron carbide film forming the magnetic pole is high, the strength of the leakage magnetic field can be maintained at a high level.
- the magnetic head using the iron carbide film according to the present invention can contribute to a narrow track. Further, if the magnetic recording apparatus is equipped with a magnetic head having an iron carbide film having excellent soft magnetic characteristics, a high coercivity magnetic recording medium in which a magnetic signal could not be sufficiently written conventionally. When used in combination with a magnetic recording device, it is possible to increase the track density as well as the linear recording density, and to build a recording / reproducing system with a high SZN ratio. Can be provided.
- the magnetic head using the magnetic thin film made of the iron carbide film according to the present invention as a magnetic pole material is not limited to the configuration of the in-plane magnetic recording system, but may be the configuration of the perpendicular magnetic recording system.
- the magnetic thin film made of the iron carbide film according to the present invention may be used on a recording layer made of a hard magnetic film constituting an in-plane magnetic recording medium, or may be formed on a hard magnetic film constituting a perpendicular magnetic recording medium. By using it under a different recording layer, it is possible to provide media that contribute to higher recording densities.
- the magnetic thin film made of the iron carbide film according to the present invention for at least a part of the configuration, the magnetic thin film has more excellent characteristics than before, for example, more excellent characteristics in energy product, frequency, current density, etc.
- Various magnetic devices specifically, an exchange magnet or a spin transistor magnet, a magnetic field sensor, a high-frequency passive device, a micro transformer or a micro inductor can be provided.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Thin Magnetic Films (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2002500409A JP4531331B2 (ja) | 2000-05-31 | 2000-11-20 | 磁性薄膜、その製造方法、その評価方法及びこれを用いた磁気ヘッド、磁気記録装置並びに磁気デバイス |
AU2001214169A AU2001214169A1 (en) | 2000-05-31 | 2000-11-20 | Magnetic thin film, production method therefor, evaluation method therefor and magnetic head using it, magnetic refcording device and magnetic device |
US09/720,736 US6841259B1 (en) | 2000-05-31 | 2000-11-20 | Magnetic thin film, production method therefor, evaluation method therefor and magnetic head using it, magnetic recording device and magnetic device |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2000163822 | 2000-05-31 | ||
JP2000-163822 | 2000-05-31 | ||
JP2000321757 | 2000-10-20 | ||
JP2000-321757 | 2000-10-20 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001093286A1 true WO2001093286A1 (fr) | 2001-12-06 |
Family
ID=26593129
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2000/008167 WO2001093286A1 (fr) | 2000-05-31 | 2000-11-20 | Couche mince magnetique, son procede de production, son procede d'evaluation et tete magnetique dans laquelle elle est utilisee, dispositif d'enregistrement magnetique et dispositif magnetique |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6841259B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4531331B2 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2001214169A1 (ja) |
TW (1) | TW503391B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2001093286A1 (ja) |
Cited By (4)
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WO2006135034A1 (en) * | 2005-06-13 | 2006-12-21 | Tohoku University | Magnetic recording medium and magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus |
US7879466B2 (en) | 2005-03-30 | 2011-02-01 | Tohoku University | Perpendicular magnetic recording medium, and perpendicular magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus |
US8817417B2 (en) | 2012-12-26 | 2014-08-26 | Tdk Corporation | Perpendicular magnetic write head and magnetic recording device |
US12018386B2 (en) | 2019-10-11 | 2024-06-25 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Magnetic material including α″-Fe16(NxZ1-x)2 or a mixture of α″-Fe16Z2 and α″-Fe16N2, where Z includes at least one of C, B, or O |
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JP3653007B2 (ja) * | 2001-05-14 | 2005-05-25 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 垂直磁気記録媒体とその製造方法および磁気記憶装置 |
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BR112017002471A2 (pt) * | 2014-08-08 | 2017-12-05 | Univ Minnesota | materiais magnéticos duros de nitreto de ferro multicamadas |
US10072356B2 (en) * | 2014-08-08 | 2018-09-11 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Magnetic material including α″-Fe16(NxZ1-x)2 or a mixture of α″-Fe16Z2 and α″-Fe16N2, where Z includes at least one of C, B, or O |
US10002694B2 (en) * | 2014-08-08 | 2018-06-19 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Inductor including alpha″-Fe16Z2 or alpha″-Fe16(NxZ1-x)2, where Z includes at least one of C, B, or O |
JP2017532439A (ja) | 2014-08-08 | 2017-11-02 | リージェンツ オブ ザ ユニバーシティ オブ ミネソタ | 化学気相堆積又は液相エピタキシーを用いた鉄窒化物硬質磁性材料の形成 |
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2000
- 2000-11-20 JP JP2002500409A patent/JP4531331B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-11-20 US US09/720,736 patent/US6841259B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-11-20 AU AU2001214169A patent/AU2001214169A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-11-20 WO PCT/JP2000/008167 patent/WO2001093286A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2000-11-23 TW TW089124866A patent/TW503391B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7879466B2 (en) | 2005-03-30 | 2011-02-01 | Tohoku University | Perpendicular magnetic recording medium, and perpendicular magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus |
WO2006135034A1 (en) * | 2005-06-13 | 2006-12-21 | Tohoku University | Magnetic recording medium and magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus |
US8116035B2 (en) | 2005-06-13 | 2012-02-14 | Tohoku University | Magnetic recording medium having a secondary recording layer made of a material having a negative crystal magnetic anisotropy and magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus |
US8817417B2 (en) | 2012-12-26 | 2014-08-26 | Tdk Corporation | Perpendicular magnetic write head and magnetic recording device |
US12018386B2 (en) | 2019-10-11 | 2024-06-25 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Magnetic material including α″-Fe16(NxZ1-x)2 or a mixture of α″-Fe16Z2 and α″-Fe16N2, where Z includes at least one of C, B, or O |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2001214169A1 (en) | 2001-12-11 |
US6841259B1 (en) | 2005-01-11 |
JP4531331B2 (ja) | 2010-08-25 |
TW503391B (en) | 2002-09-21 |
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