WO2000057676A1 - Cyclometallated metal complexes as phosphorescent dopants in organic leds - Google Patents

Cyclometallated metal complexes as phosphorescent dopants in organic leds Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000057676A1
WO2000057676A1 PCT/US2000/007574 US0007574W WO0057676A1 WO 2000057676 A1 WO2000057676 A1 WO 2000057676A1 US 0007574 W US0007574 W US 0007574W WO 0057676 A1 WO0057676 A1 WO 0057676A1
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emissive
molecule
group
emissive layer
host material
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PCT/US2000/007574
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English (en)
French (fr)
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Sergey Lamansky
Mark E. Thompson
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University of Southern California USC
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University of Southern California USC
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Application filed by University of Southern California USC filed Critical University of Southern California USC
Priority to KR1020017012164A priority Critical patent/KR101166264B1/ko
Priority to EP00918238.7A priority patent/EP1181842B1/en
Priority to AU39084/00A priority patent/AU3908400A/en
Priority to BRPI0009215A priority patent/BRPI0009215B1/pt
Priority to JP2000607445A priority patent/JP4619546B2/ja
Publication of WO2000057676A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000057676A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K11/00—Luminescent materials, e.g. electroluminescent or chemiluminescent
    • C09K11/02—Use of particular materials as binders, particle coatings or suspension media therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K11/00—Luminescent materials, e.g. electroluminescent or chemiluminescent
    • C09K11/06—Luminescent materials, e.g. electroluminescent or chemiluminescent containing organic luminescent materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
    • H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
    • H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
    • H10K50/12—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers comprising dopants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
    • H10K85/341—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes
    • H10K85/346—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes comprising platinum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
    • C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
    • C09K2211/1003—Carbocyclic compounds
    • C09K2211/1007—Non-condensed systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
    • C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
    • C09K2211/1003—Carbocyclic compounds
    • C09K2211/1011—Condensed systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
    • C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
    • C09K2211/1018—Heterocyclic compounds
    • C09K2211/1025—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands
    • C09K2211/1029—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands containing one nitrogen atom as the heteroatom
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
    • C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
    • C09K2211/1018—Heterocyclic compounds
    • C09K2211/1025—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands
    • C09K2211/1092—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands containing sulfur as the only heteroatom
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
    • C09K2211/18—Metal complexes
    • C09K2211/185—Metal complexes of the platinum group, i.e. Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh or Pd
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K2101/00—Properties of the organic materials covered by group H10K85/00
    • H10K2101/10—Triplet emission
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
    • H10K85/141—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aliphatic or olefinic chains, e.g. poly N-vinylcarbazol, PVC or PTFE
    • H10K85/146—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aliphatic or olefinic chains, e.g. poly N-vinylcarbazol, PVC or PTFE poly N-vinylcarbazol; Derivatives thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) comprised of emissive layers that contain an organometallic phosphorescent dopant compound.
  • OLEDs organic light emitting devices
  • OLEDs Organic light emitting devices
  • OLEDs are comprised of several organic layers in which one of the layers is comprised of an organic material that can be made to electroluminesce by applying a voltage across the device, C.W. Tang et al., Appl.
  • a transparent OLED which represents a significant step toward realizing high resolution, independently addressable stacked R-G-B pixels, was reported in International Patent Application No. PCT US97/02681 in which the TOLED had greater than 71% transparency when turned off and emitted light from both top and bottom device surfaces with high efficiency (approaching 1% quantum efficiency) when the device was turned on.
  • the TOLED used transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) as the hole-injecting electrode and a Mg-Ag-ITO electrode layer for electron- injection.
  • ITO transparent indium tin oxide
  • Mg-Ag-ITO electrode layer for electron- injection.
  • a device was disclosed in which the ITO side of the Mg-Ag-ITO electrode layer was used as a hole-injecting contact for a second, different color- emitting OLED stacked on top of the TOLED.
  • Each layer in the stacked OLED (SOLED) was independently addressable and emitted its own characteristic color. This colored emission could be transmitted through the adjacently stacked. transparent, independently addressable, organic layer or layers, the transparent contacts and the glass substrate, thus allowing the device to emit any color that could be produced by varying the relative output of the red and blue color-emitting layers.
  • the PCT US95/15790 application disclosed an integrated SOLED for which both intensity and color could be independently varied and controlled with external power supplies in a color tunable display device.
  • the PCT US95/15790 application thus, illustrates a principle for achieving integrated, full color pixels that provide high image resolution, which is made possible by the compact pixel size.
  • relatively low cost fabrication techniques as compared with prior art methods, may be utilized for making such devices.
  • OLEDs are comprised of at least two thin organic layers separating the anode and cathode of the device.
  • the material of one of these layers is specifically chosen based on the material's ability to transport holes, a "hole transporting layer” (HTL), and the material of the other layer is specifically selected according to its ability to transport electrons, an "electron transporting layer” (ETL).
  • HTL hole transporting layer
  • ETL electron transporting layer
  • the device can be viewed as a diode with a forward bias when the potential applied to the anode is higher than the potential applied to the cathode.
  • the anode injects holes (positive charge carriers) into the hole transporting layer, while the cathode injects electrons into the electron transporting layer.
  • the portion of the luminescent medium adjacent to the anode thus forms a hole injecting and transporting zone while the portion of the luminescent medium adjacent to the cathode forms an electron injecting and transporting zone.
  • the injected holes and electrons each migrate toward the oppositely charged electrode. When an electron and hole localize on the same molecule, a Frenkel exciton is formed.
  • the electroluminescent layer comprises a luminescence zone receiving mobile charge carriers (electrons and holes) from each electrode.
  • the materials that produce the electroluminescent emission are frequently the same materials that function either as the electron transporting layer or as the hole transporting layer.
  • Such devices in which the electron transporting layer or the hole transporting layer also functions as the emissive layer are referred to as having a single heterostructure.
  • the electroluminescent material may be present in a separate emissive layer between the hole transporting layer and the electron transporting layer in what is referred to as a double heterostructure.
  • the emissive material may be present in relatively low concentrations as a dopant in the charge carrier layer.
  • the predominant material in the charge carrier layer may be referred to as a host compound or as a receiving compound. Materials that are present as host and dopant are selected so as to have a high level of energy transfer from the host to the dopant material. In addition, these materials need to be capable of producing acceptable electrical properties for the OLED.
  • host and dopant materials are preferably capable of being incorporated into the OLED using starting materials that can be readily incorporated into the OLED by using convenient fabrication techniques, in particular, by using vacuum-deposition techniques. It is desirable for OLEDs to be fabricated using materials that provide electroluminescent emission in a relatively narrow band centered near selected spectral regions, which correspond to one of the three primary colors, red, green and blue so that they may be used as a colored layer in an OLED or SOLED. It is also desirable that such compounds be capable of being readily deposited as a thin layer using vacuum deposition techniques so that they may be readily incorporated into an OLED that is prepared entirely from vacuum-deposited organic materials.
  • the present invention is directed to organic light emitting devices wherein the emissive layer comprises a host material, an emissive molecule present as a dopant in said host material, which molecule is adapted to luminesce when a voltage is applied across the heterostructure, wherein the emissive molecule is selected from the group of phosphorescent organometallic complexes.
  • the emissive molecule may be further selected from the group of phosphorescent organometallic platinum complexes and may be still further selected from the group of phosphorescent cyclometallated platinum complexes.
  • the host material may be a hole-transporting matrix selected from the group of substituted tri-aryl amines.
  • the host material may be an electron-transporting matrix selected from the group of metal quinoxolates, oxidazoles and triazoles.
  • the present invention covers articles of manufacture comprising OLEDs comprising a new family of phosphorescent materials, to be used as dopants in OLEDs, and methods of manufacturing the articles.
  • These phosphorescent materials are cyclometallated platinum complexes, which provide electroluminiscent emission at a wavelength between 400 nm and 700 nm.
  • the present invention is further directed to OLEDs that are capable of producing an emission which will appear blue, that will appear green, and that will appear red.
  • OLEDs of the present invention comprise an emissive layer comprised of platinum (II) complexed with Bis[2-(2-phenyl)pyridinato-N,C2], Bis[2-(2'-thienyl)pyridinato-N,C3], and Bis[benzo(h)quinolinato-N,C].
  • platinum (II) complexed with Bis[2-(2-phenyl)pyridinato-N,C2], Bis[2-(2'-thienyl)pyridinato-N,C3], and Bis[benzo(h)quinolinato-N,C].
  • the compound cis-Bis[2-(2'-thienyl)pyridinato-N.C3] Pt(II) gives a strong orange to yellow emission.
  • the invention is further directed to emissive layers wherein the emissive molecule is selected from the group of phosphorescent organometallic complexes, wherein the emissive molecule contains substituents selected from the class of electronic donors and electronic acceptors.
  • the emissive molecule may be further selected from the group of phosphorescent organometallic platinum complexes and may be still further selected from the group of phosphorescent cyclometallated platinum complexes, wherein the organic molecule contains substituents selected from the class of electronic donors and electronic acceptors.
  • the invention is further directed to an organic light emitting device comprising a heterostructure for producing luminescence, wherein the emissive layer comprises a host material, an emissive molecule, present as a dopant in said host material, adapted to luminesce when a voltage is applied across the heterostructure, wherein the emissive molecule is selected from the group consisting of cyclometallated platinum complexes and wherein there is a polarization molecule, present as a dopant in the host material, which polarization molecule has a dipole moment and which polarization molecule alters the wavelength of the luminescent light emitted by the emissive dopant molecule.
  • the polarization molecule may be an aromatic molecule substituted by electronic donors and electronic acceptors.
  • the present invention is directed to OLEDs, and a method of fabricating OLEDs, in which emission from the device is obtained via a phosphorescent decay process wherein the phosphorescent decay rate is rapid enough to meet the requirements of a display device. More specifically, the present invention is directed to OLEDs comprised of a material that is capable of receiving the energy from an exciton singlet or triplet state and emitting that energy as phosphorescent radiation.
  • the OLED of the present invention may be used in substantially any type of device which is comprised of an OLED, for example, in OLEDs that are incorporated into a larger display, a vehicle, a computer, a television, a printer, a large area wall, theater or stadium screen, a billboard or a sign.
  • the present invention is generally directed to emissive molecules, which luminesce when a voltage is applied across a heterostructure of an organic light-emitting device and which molecules are selected from the group of phosphorescent organometallic complexes.
  • organometallic' '' is as generally understood by one of ordinary skill, as given, for example, in "Inorganic Chemistry” (2nd edition) by Gary L. Miessler and Donald A. Tarr, Prentice-Hall (1998).
  • the invention is further directed to emissive molecules within the emissive layer of an organic light-emitting device which molecules are comprised of phosphorescent cyclometallated platinum complexes. On electroluminescence, molecules in this class may produce emission which appears red, blue, or green.
  • the subject of this invention is in these compounds because they are not only expected to have interesting photochemical properties as most cyclometalated complexes do, but also should exhibit increased stability in comparison with their monocyclometalated analogues.
  • Most of the work on bis-cyclopaladated and bis- cycloplatinated compounds was performed by von Zelewsky et al. (For a review see: M.Maestri, V.Balzani, Ch.Deuschel-Cornioley, A. von Zelewsky, Adv. Photochem .1992 17, 1. L.Chassot, A.Von Zelewsky, Helv. Chim.Acta 1983, 66, 243. L.Chassot, E.Muler, A. von Zelewsky, Inorg. Chem. 1984, 23, 4249. S Bonafede. M.Ciano, F.Boletta. V.Balzani, L.Chassot, A. von Zelewsky,
  • Literature on the subject was dedicated to the study of aromatic substitution in different systems, including pyridine, and study of isomeric ratios in the resulting product.
  • the authors utilized 8ft.x' ⁇ in. column packed with ethylene glycol succinate (10%) on Chromosorb W at 155°C and some certain helium inlet pressure.
  • Vacuum deposition experiments were performed using standard high vacuum system (Kurt J.Lesker vacuum chamber) with vacuum -10 "6 torr. Quartz plates (ChemGlass Inc.) or borosilicate glass-IndiumTin Oxide plates (ITO, Delta Technologies,Lmtd.), if used as substrates for deposition, were pre-cleaned according to the published procedure for the later (A.Shoustikov, Y.You, P.E.Burrows, M.E.Thomspon, S.R.Forrest, Synth.Met. 1997, 91, 217).
  • Thin film spin coating experiments were done with standard spin coater (Specialty Coating Systems, Inc.) with regulatable speed, acceleration speed, and deceleration speed. Most films were spun coat with 4000 RPM speed and maximum acceleration and deceleration for 40 seconds.
  • Pt(bph)(bpy) gives blue emission, centered at 470 nm The emission observed for Pt(bph)(bpy) is most likely due to fluorescence and not phosphorescence.
  • Pt(thpy) 2 Emission maximum is at 580 nm (lifetime 6 5 ⁇ s) upon excitation at 400 nm
  • Pt(thpy) 2 Emission maximum is at 580 nm (lifetime 6 5 ⁇ s) upon excitation at 400 nm
  • Pt(thq)2 Emission maximum is at 608 nm (lifetime 7 44 ⁇ s) upon excitation at 450 nm
  • Pt(thpy) 2 does not appear to be stable toward sublimation.
  • Pt(thpy) 2 dopant The optimal doping level was determined by the photoluminescence study described above. The emission form this device comes exclusively from the Pt(thpy) 2 dopant. Typical current-voltage characteristic and light output curve of the device are shown in Figure 4.
  • Electroluminescence spectrum and CIE diagram are shown in Figure 6.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
PCT/US2000/007574 1999-03-23 2000-03-22 Cyclometallated metal complexes as phosphorescent dopants in organic leds Ceased WO2000057676A1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1020017012164A KR101166264B1 (ko) 1999-03-23 2000-03-22 유기 엘이디의 인광성 도펀트로서의 사이클로메탈화 금속복합체
EP00918238.7A EP1181842B1 (en) 1999-03-23 2000-03-22 Cyclometallated metal complexes as phosphorescent dopants in organic leds
AU39084/00A AU3908400A (en) 1999-03-23 2000-03-22 Cyclometallated metal complexes as phosphorescent dopants in organic leds
BRPI0009215A BRPI0009215B1 (pt) 1999-03-23 2000-03-22 complexos metálicos ciclometalizados como dopantes fosforescentes em diodos emissores de luz orgânicos
JP2000607445A JP4619546B2 (ja) 1999-03-23 2000-03-22 有機ｌｅｄの燐光性ドーパントとしてのシクロメタル化金属錯体

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US27460999A 1999-03-23 1999-03-23
US09/274,609 1999-03-23

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WO2000057676A1 true WO2000057676A1 (en) 2000-09-28

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EP (2) EP3076759A1 (https=)
JP (1) JP4619546B2 (https=)
KR (2) KR20100042665A (https=)
CN (1) CN1226902C (https=)
AU (1) AU3908400A (https=)
BR (1) BRPI0009215B1 (https=)
WO (1) WO2000057676A1 (https=)

Cited By (139)

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EP1191614A2 (en) 2000-09-26 2002-03-27 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Luminescence device and metal coordination compound therefor
EP1211257A2 (en) 2000-12-01 2002-06-05 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Metal coordination compound, luminescence device and display apparatus
JP2002231453A (ja) * 2000-11-30 2002-08-16 Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp 有機電界発光素子
JP2002352957A (ja) * 2001-05-23 2002-12-06 Honda Motor Co Ltd 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子
WO2003000661A1 (en) 2001-06-25 2003-01-03 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Metal coordination compound and electroluminescence device
JP2003007467A (ja) * 2001-06-19 2003-01-10 Honda Motor Co Ltd 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子
WO2003040257A1 (en) * 2001-11-07 2003-05-15 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Electroluminescent platinum compounds and devices made with such compounds
US6603150B2 (en) 2001-09-28 2003-08-05 Eastman Kodak Company Organic light-emitting diode having an interface layer between the hole-transporting layer and the light-emitting layer
US6610455B1 (en) 2002-01-30 2003-08-26 Eastman Kodak Company Making electroluminscent display devices
JP2003526876A (ja) * 1999-05-13 2003-09-09 ザ、トラスティーズ オブ プリンストン ユニバーシティ 電気リン光に基づく高効率有機発光装置
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JP2003308978A (ja) * 2002-04-12 2003-10-31 Canon Inc 有機発光素子
WO2003095587A1 (en) * 2002-05-09 2003-11-20 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Light emitting device and display apparatus using same
WO2004016710A1 (en) * 2002-08-15 2004-02-26 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Compounds comprising phosphorus-containing metal complexes
KR100439648B1 (ko) * 2001-08-29 2004-07-12 엘지.필립스 엘시디 주식회사 유기전계발광소자
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US6835835B1 (en) 2003-12-05 2004-12-28 Eastman Kodak Company Synthesis for organometallic cyclometallated transition metal complexes
US6872472B2 (en) 2002-02-15 2005-03-29 Eastman Kodak Company Providing an organic electroluminescent device having stacked electroluminescent units
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JP2005097549A (ja) * 2003-07-30 2005-04-14 Chi Mei Electronics Corp 発光素子およびイリジウム錯体
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US6946688B2 (en) 2000-06-30 2005-09-20 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Electroluminescent iridium compounds with fluorinated phenylpyridines, phenylpyrimidines, and phenylquinolines and devices made with such compounds
US6962755B2 (en) 2000-07-17 2005-11-08 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Light emitting element and azole compound
US6979739B2 (en) 2000-06-30 2005-12-27 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Electroluminescent iridium compounds with fluorinated phenylpyridines, phenylpyrimidines, and phenylquinolines and devices made with such compounds
US6984934B2 (en) 2001-07-10 2006-01-10 The Trustees Of Princeton University Micro-lens arrays for display intensity enhancement
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US7009338B2 (en) * 2001-05-16 2006-03-07 The University Of Southern California High efficiency multi-color electro-phosphorescent OLEDs
US7026480B2 (en) 2001-03-08 2006-04-11 The University Of Hong Kong Organometallic light-emitting material
US7037598B2 (en) 2001-08-07 2006-05-02 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Light-emitting element and novel iridium complexes
WO2006115301A1 (en) * 2005-04-25 2006-11-02 Fujifilm Corporation Organic electroluminescent device
US7132681B2 (en) 2000-06-30 2006-11-07 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Electroluminescent iridium compounds with fluorinated phenylpyridines, phenylpyrimidines, and phenylquinolines and devices made with such compounds
EP1267428A3 (en) * 2001-06-15 2007-04-25 Konica Corporation Organic electroluminescent element and full color display
US7221332B2 (en) 2003-12-19 2007-05-22 Eastman Kodak Company 3D stereo OLED display
WO2007118671A1 (de) * 2006-04-13 2007-10-25 Universität Regensburg Biphenyl-metallkomplexe-monomere und oligomere triplett-emitter für oled-anwendungen
US7306856B2 (en) 2000-07-17 2007-12-11 Fujifilm Corporation Light-emitting element and iridium complex
US7320833B2 (en) 2001-11-07 2008-01-22 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Electroluminescent platinum compounds and devices made with such compounds
US7361415B2 (en) 2004-04-16 2008-04-22 The University Of Hong Kong System and method for producing light with organic light-emitting devices
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EP1181842B1 (en) 2016-05-25
CN1350768A (zh) 2002-05-22
CN1226902C (zh) 2005-11-09
BRPI0009215B1 (pt) 2017-05-09
JP2002540572A (ja) 2002-11-26
JP4619546B2 (ja) 2011-01-26
AU3908400A (en) 2000-10-09
KR101166264B1 (ko) 2012-07-17
KR20020004982A (ko) 2002-01-16
EP1181842A4 (en) 2005-04-06
EP1181842A1 (en) 2002-02-27
BR0009215A (pt) 2002-04-16
EP3076759A1 (en) 2016-10-05
KR20100042665A (ko) 2010-04-26

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