Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
  • C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
  • C03C17/006—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with materials of composite character
  • C03C17/007—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with materials of composite character containing a dispersed phase, e.g. particles, fibres or flakes, in a continuous phase
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
  • C03C17/02—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with glass
  • C03C17/04—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with glass by fritting glass powder
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
  • C03C2217/40—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer
  • C03C2217/43—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase
  • C03C2217/46—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the dispersed phase
  • C03C2217/48—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the dispersed phase having a specific function
  • C03C2217/485—Pigments
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
  • C03C2217/70—Properties of coatings
  • C03C2217/72—Decorative coatings

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a decorated glass-ceramic plate as well as to a method of obtaining such a plate, i.e. a method of decorating a glass-ceramic plate.
• Such plates are especially used as cooktops.
• Another object of the present invention is an enamel, useful in particular in the implementation of said decoration method.
• the cooking surface defined by a glass-ceramic plate when it is used as a cooktop, must withstand not only the elevated temperatures employed for cooking without softening or distorting, but also it must withstand large differences in temperature which result from the fact that only one or more parts of the plate are heated. This has led to the use, in this field, of glass- ceramic plates having a coefficient of thermal expansion of zero or near- zero, i.e. generally equal to 0 + 3 x 10 "7 K " , and preferably zero.
• Glass-ceramics having these characteristics are well known and are widely described in the literature.
• United States Patent No. 5,070,045 (Comte et al.) describes such glass-ceramics the predominant crystal phase of which is a beta-quartz crystal phase.
• decorative materials have been developed which are intended to be used especially, but not exclusively, with such glass-ceramics. It is as such that they can also be used with other low expansion glass-ceramics such as those described in the French patent application No. 97 09912.
• Glass-ceramics have a more than satisfactory inherent mechanical strength, the modulus of rupture (MOR) of the materials actually used being about 180 MPa.
• MOR modulus of rupture
• the mechanical strength of the actual decorated plates is still adequate, it is significantly reduced and it has revealed to be desirable to obtain higher values, particularly it has revealed to be desirable to obtain decorated glass-ceramic plates having a modulus of rupture (MOR) of at least 120 MPa, preferably of at least about 130 MPa.
• a cooktop must also resist staining due to food, it must be easy to clean and must have a smooth surface in order to prevent marks due to contact with metal utensils. These requirements severely limit the potential decoration materials.
• a logical candidate was a glass frit that crystallises to produce a low expansion crystal phase, especially a beta-quartz crystal phase.
• the coatings constituted by these crystallised frits have a very satisfactory modulus of rupture (MOR) but their surface properties are mediocre since the crystals give rise to a surface roughness which is unacceptable, as regards marks left by metallic utensils, and possibilities of easy cleaning.
• the United States Patent No. 5,326,728 which corresponds to the French patent application FR-A- 2 701 473, describes enamels used in the production of decorative materials. Although these materials have proved to be satisfactory, efforts have been made to produce further improved decorative materials. In particular, these efforts have been directed at obtaining a coefficient of thermal expansion of the decoration which is more compatible with that of the plate ; this being in order to obtain a greater mechanical strength of the decorated article, and this is indicated by a higher modulus of rupture (MOR).
• an object of the present invention is to provide a glass-ceramic plate which comprises an improved decoration and which has a modulus of rupture (MOR) of greater than 120 MPa whilst at the same time meets the various other requirements of such an article used as a cooktop (requirements recalled above), which has a great flexibility in decoration, which has an improved decoration comprising a mixture of a glass frit with pigments capable of providing a desired decorative effect ; as well as to provide a decorative material (an enamel) which can be fired to produce an adherent decoration, especially during the firing of a glass plate to convert the glass into a glass-ceramic ; as well as to provide a method of decorating such a glass-ceramic plate.
• MOR modulus of rupture
• the present invention does in fact relate to a decorated glass- ceramic plate comprising a glass-ceramic plate having a low coefficient of thermal expansion between + 15 x 10 "7 K “1 (20-700 °C), preferably near- zero (i.e. equal to 0 + 3 x 10 "7 K “1 (20 - 700° C.)), and a decoration on the surface of said plate, said decoration comprising a vitrified glass frit containing 10 to 35% by weight of pigments (for 90 to 65% by weight of frit), and said decorated glass-ceramic plate having a modulus of rupture (MOR) of at least 120 MPa.
• MOR modulus of rupture
• the decorated glass-ceramic plate is constituted by a glass-ceramic the predominant crystal phase of which is a solid solution of beta-quartz and which advantageously has a coefficient of thermal expansion of 0 ⁇ 3 x 10 "7 K "1 (20 - 700° C).
• the present invention also relates to a method of decorating a glass- ceramic plate, especially for generating a decorated cooktop for a cooking appliance, said glass-ceramic plate having a low coefficient of thermal expansion (see above), preferably near-zero (see above), said method comprising :
• the present invention is derived from research carried out to produce an improved decorative material for a glass-ceramic plate.
• a material was sought which was suitable for glass-ceramic plates the predominant crystal phase of which is a beta-quartz crystal phase and which has a coefficient of thermal expansion of near to zero, preferably of 0 + 3 x 10 "7 K "1 (20 - 700° C).
• the decorative material according to the invention meets this requirement but is not limited to such an application and can be used effectively on other glass-ceramics having a low coefficient of thermal expansion, i.e. situated in the range of 0+15 x 10 "7 K "1 (20-700° C).
• the decorative materials used according to the prior art generally comprise pigments dispersed in a glass frit. Said pigments confer to said material its colour and its opacity whereas the glass ensures their mutual binding and their adherence with the glass-ceramic.
• a glass which is suitable as a frit was described by the Applicant in the United States Patent
• No. 5,326,728 consists of a boroaluminosilicate glass which has a coefficient of thermal expansion of about 55 x 10 "7 K ⁇ 1 (0-300° C.) and a softening point of about 675° C. (see Composition A of Table II below).
• the decorative material according to the present invention essentially consists of 10 to 35% by weight of pigments dispersed in 65 to 90% by weight of glass frit. At least 10% by weight of pigments is necessary to obtain a suitable effect and it is possible to incorporate up to about 35% by weight of pigments. Generally, in order to obtain the decorative effect anticipated, it is not necessary to include more than about 20% by weight of such pigments. It is possible to use any commercial pigment individually or in combination. The particular pigment or pigments which are employed depend upon the opacity and particular colour desired, or upon another decorative effect desired.
• Table I below shows two examples of individual pigments and an example of a combination that can be used.
• the pigments are mixed in an amount of 15 % by weight with 85 % by weight of a glass frit defined below.
• Table I identifies the pigments by their source, their main constitutive elements and the colour of the coating after firing.
• the glass frit employed for the decoration according to the invention advantageously has a coefficient of thermal expansion of 30-40 x 10 "7 K “1 (0- 300° C), preferably of at most 35 x 10 "7 K "1 , and a softening point of at least
• the viscosity of a glass is 10 65 Pa.s (10 7 5 poises).
• Said included glass is generally a soda potash borosilicate. In fact, it was observed that such glasses possess the characteristics set forth above.
• composition of said included glass advantageously consists, essentially, of 70-82% SiO 2 , 12-18% B 2 O 3 , 1-3% Al 2 0 3 , at most 5% Na 2 0 + K 2 0 and at most 1.2% of at least one fining agent.
• the composition essentially consists of 76-81% Si0 2 , 14-15.5% B 2 0 3 , 2-2.7% AI 2 O 3 , 2.3- 3.2% Na 2 O, 1-1.5% K 2 O, 0-1% As 2 O 3 + Sb 2 O 3 (+ meaning « and/or »).
• Table II below shows a comparison of the composition of a glass frit from the United States Patent No. 5,326,728 cited above (A) with a composition of a preferred glass frit according to the present invention (B). The compositions are indicated in weight % of the glass batch.
• a glass frit is prepared by mixing a batch of suitable starting materials and melting it at about 1650° C. for about six hours. The molten glass is poured into water wherein it fractures into particles which are dried and ground to a powder having an average particle size of less than about 6 ⁇ m.
• the pigments are then added which are mixed with the powdered glass frit.
• the nature of the pigments, and their amounts, depend upon the desired colour and opacity for a particular application.
• the coating mixture contains at least 10% by weight of pigments, and may contain up to 35% (see above).
• the balance is constituted by the glass frit. A mixture of 15% pigments and 85% glass frit has proved satisfactory for most of the applications. This mixture should be homogeneous, but no special mixing procedure is required.
• a slip or paste by screen printing which gives a thin uniform coating, constitutes a suitable means of applying said mixture onto a glass-ceramic plate.
• an organic vehicle is added, typically in an amount of 30 - 50% by weight of the total weight of the slip. The amount of vehicle depends upon the ultimate thickness desired.
• the screen printing screen can be prepared in the form of a mask in a known manner.
• the decorative material can be applied onto the surface of the glass plate which constitutes a precursor for the glass-ceramic plate. After drying, the material on the glass plate can be heat treated according to a ceramming cycle that converts the glass into a glass-ceramic. At the same time, the glass frit, present in the decorating material, softens and bonds to the pigments and onto the surface of the glass-ceramic.
• a suitable ceramming schedule is as follows: a temperature increase at a rate of 50 - 80 °C./min up to the nucleation range, generally located close to the transformation range of the glass, a temperature increase in the range of nucleation (670-800° C.) in about 15 - 25 min, a temperature increase up to the crystallisation temperature (900-960° C.) in about 15 - 30 min, maintaining the crystallisation temperature for 10 - 25 min, and rapid cooling to ambient temperature.
• the decorative material can be applied onto the crude glass plates as described in the French patent application No. 97 09912 and the ceramming cycles, as described in said French patent application No. 97 09912, can be implemented in order to obtain decorated glass-ceramic plates of the invention based on the glass-ceramic plates according to the French patent application No. 97 09912.
• the maximum temperatures attained during said ceramming cycles may attain values as high as 1070° C.
• ceramming cycles are also described which comprise several successive cycles. In such cases, it is preferred to apply the glass frit/pigments mixture (precursor of the desired decoration) before the last of said successive cycles such that said mixture undergoes one sole heat treatment only.
• the expression « glass-ceramic precursor glass plate » incorporates both the crude glass plate as well as the glass plate undergoing ceramming.
• the coating can be applied in the same manner as in the case of a precursor glass plate, but directly onto the glass-ceramic plate.
• This double firing procedure (1° ceramming ; 2° treatment of the glass frit/pigments mixture) may be desirable for adjusting each firing cycle.
• the material situated on the glass-ceramic may be fired for about 15 minutes at a temperature in the range of 920 - 960° C.
• Another object of the present invention is the enamel used for the implementation of the decorating method described above, used for obtaining the decorated glass-ceramic plates of the invention.
• Said enamel is novel per se, and constitutes another object of the present invention.
• the enamel comprises 10 to 35% by weight of pigments in 65 to 90% by weight of a specific glass frit.
• Said glass frit has a coefficient of thermal expansion of 30 - 40 x 10 "7 K "1 (0 - 300° C), preferably of 30 - 35 x 10 ⁇ 7 K "1 (0 - 300° C.) and a softening point of at least 750° C, preferably of at least 775° C.
• the composition of said glass frit calculated in weight % of oxides, essentially consists of 70-82% SiO 2 , 12- 18% B 2 0 3 , 1-3% AI 2 O 3 , at most 5% Na 2 O + K 2 O and at most 1.2 % of at least one fining agent.
• said composition essentially consists of 76-81% SiO 2 , 14-15.5% B 2 0 3 , 2-2.7% AI 2 O 3 , 2.3-3.2% Na 2 0 , 1-
• the invention is illustrated by two Examples 1 and 2 below, which are to be considered in parallel with the Comparative Example 3.
• the plates of Examples 1 and 2 were therefore decorated with mixtures containing the glass frit B, while the plate of the Comparative Example 3 was decorated with a mixture containing the glass frit A.
• the mixture was applied by screen printing onto the upper surface of a glass plate precursor for a glass-ceramic plate having a coefficient of thermal expansion of zero.
• the glass plate was then dried and heat treated according to the ceramming cycle for the glass which was a cycle of 1 hour with a maximum temperature of 925° C, which was maintained for 15 minutes. During this heating cycle, the glass plate was transformed into a glass-ceramic and the decorative mixture had become an adherent vitrified layer the thickness of which was about 3 ⁇ m.
• Example 2 the mixture was applied onto the upper surface of a glass plate precursor for a glass-ceramic plate which had a coefficient of thermal expansion equal to 10 x 10 "7 K "1 .
• the ceramming cycle was a cycle of 2 h, with a maximum temperature of 1070° C. which was maintained for 30 min.
• the decoration obtained had itself a thickness of 3 ⁇ m as well.
• the modulus of rupture was measured by means of a 3 points flexion setting, the decorated surface being in extension. According to the invention, a modulus of rupture of at least 120 MPa is specified and a value of at least 130 MPa is preferred.
• the cleanability was evaluated in the following manner : a mixture of meat, egg, milk, flour, gruyere cheese, tapioca and tomato puree was placed between a saucepan full of water and the decorated zone of the cooktop. The whole was then heated for 10 minutes such that the mixture burns and sticks to the cooktop. The cleanability and the aspect of the decoration after cleaning are then evaluated.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
• Composite Materials (AREA)
• Glass Compositions (AREA)
• Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)

Priority Applications (6)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

Country Status (8)

Cited By (1)

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Citations (4)

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• 1998
  • 1998-08-13 FR FR9810385A patent/FR2782318B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1999
  • 1999-08-13 JP JP2000564913A patent/JP4443766B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1999-08-13 AU AU52985/99A patent/AU5298599A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1999-08-13 US US09/762,353 patent/US6517943B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-08-13 CA CA002340414A patent/CA2340414A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1999-08-13 EP EP99938480A patent/EP1119524B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-08-13 DE DE69906336T patent/DE69906336T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-08-13 WO PCT/IB1999/001485 patent/WO2000009458A1/en not_active Ceased

Patent Citations (4)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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