WO1999046632A1 - Procede de fabrication d'un guide d'ondes optique a couche mince non lineaire et guide d'ondes optique a couche mince non lineaire - Google Patents
Procede de fabrication d'un guide d'ondes optique a couche mince non lineaire et guide d'ondes optique a couche mince non lineaire Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999046632A1 WO1999046632A1 PCT/JP1999/000788 JP9900788W WO9946632A1 WO 1999046632 A1 WO1999046632 A1 WO 1999046632A1 JP 9900788 W JP9900788 W JP 9900788W WO 9946632 A1 WO9946632 A1 WO 9946632A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- thin film
- optical
- waveguide
- gap
- electrodes
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/365—Non-linear optics in an optical waveguide structure
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/355—Non-linear optics characterised by the materials used
- G02F1/3558—Poled materials, e.g. with periodic poling; Fabrication of domain inverted structures, e.g. for quasi-phase-matching [QPM]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/355—Non-linear optics characterised by the materials used
- G02F1/3555—Glasses
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an optical non-linear thin film waveguide using a glass substrate and an optical non-linear thin film waveguide, and more particularly to control of the shape of a waveguide having optical non-linearity.
- an optical functional element utilizing second-order optical nonlinearity has been known, and is usually formed using a crystalline material.
- optical fibers and the like are made of a glass material, and there is a demand that the optical functional element be made of a glass material in consideration of compatibility with the optical fiber and cost.
- a flat type element is suitable, and an optical function element using a glass substrate is desired.
- a method of manufacturing a planar optical waveguide using a glass material there is a method described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 8-146475.
- a fine particle-dispersed glass film is deposited on a glass substrate, and a resist mask is formed above a portion to be a core by using a photoresist.
- the fine particle-dispersed glass film not covered with the resist mask is removed by reactive ion etching.
- an optical waveguide portion (core portion) is formed.
- a glass film serving as a clad portion is deposited so as to cover the core.
- Such a method of manufacturing a planar optical waveguide requires an etching step of leaving a resist film corresponding to the core portion.
- this core is thin, it is difficult to etch only this part.
- the optical nonlinearity obtained by this method is of the third order, not of the second order. Therefore, there is a problem that the magnitude of the nonlinearity is small and it is difficult to obtain an operation sufficient to perform a sufficient function as an optical element.
- a planar waveguide is proposed.
- a pair of electrodes is formed on the surface of a glass substrate.
- Ge is added to the surface of the glass substrate through a gap between the electrodes, and this is used as a core.
- a high voltage is applied between the electrodes while irradiating the ultraviolet rays, and the core is subjected to ultraviolet polling.
- second-order optical nonlinearity is imparted to the core.
- Optical nonlinearity due to ultraviolet poling is quite large almost the same as the optical nonlinear crystalline material, such as L i N b 0 3. Therefore, it is considered that various functional optical waveguides can be produced using this planar waveguide.
- a functional optical waveguide such as an optical switch or an optical modulator in optical communication, optical measurement, optical information processing, or the like, must propagate and operate in a single optical mode.
- the propagation constants (refractive index corresponding to each mode) of each mode are different. Therefore, the operating voltages for switching and the like using the light interference effect also differ. Therefore, in order to perform operations such as switching, the optical waveguide must be shaped so as to enable single-mode light propagation.
- the optical waveguide shape is determined by the combination of the refractive index and its three-dimensional structure dimensions.
- the thickness of the optical waveguide (depth from the substrate surface) formed by UV-excited poling is controlled by changing the intensity of ultraviolet light using the light absorption of the substrate. It had been.
- the intensity of ultraviolet light must be reduced.
- the developed second-order optical nonlinearity also depends on the ultraviolet light intensity, the waveguide shape and the emerging optical nonlinearity cannot be independently controlled.
- the larger the intensity of the ultraviolet light the larger the value of the optical nonlinearity. Therefore, if a large optical nonlinearity is given, the size of the waveguide becomes large, and there is a problem that single-mode propagation cannot be realized.
- the present invention relates to an optical non-linear waveguide using a glass material, which has a sufficiently large second-order optical non-linearity and can appropriately form a three-dimensional waveguide. It is an object of the present invention to provide a waveguide manufacturing method and an optical nonlinear waveguide.
- the manufacturing method according to the present invention includes a step of forming a SiO 2 thin film containing Ge on a glass substrate and a step of forming a metal electrode thin film having a gap having a shape corresponding to the waveguide pattern thereon. If, you and a step of irradiating ultraviolet rays to the S i 0 2 thin film containing G e through the gap while applying a voltage across the gap between the metal electrode thin film, a.
- S i 0 2 thin film containing G e is formed on the glass substrate.
- the shape of the electrodes defines a width direction, it is possible to control the depth direction by the thickness of S i 0 2 thin film containing G e, the shape of the optical nonlinear waveguide can be controlled in three dimensions .
- light can be propagated in the optical nonlinear waveguide in a single mode, and operations such as switching in the optical nonlinear waveguide can be reliably performed.
- SiO 2 glass is preferable, but it is also possible to use sodium glass or the like.
- a transparent insulator thin film is provided on the metal electrode thin film so as to cover at least the gap portion. while applying a voltage across the and then irradiating ultraviolet rays to G e to including S i 0 2 thin film through the gap.
- This insulator thin film needs to have a high voltage at which an insulator breakdown occurs and transmit ultraviolet light. For example, S i 0 2 is preferred.
- the optical nonlinear thin film waveguide is formed in a vacuum chamber.
- dielectric breakdown does not occur as in air, so that a sufficiently high voltage can be applied between the electrodes to perform ultraviolet poling.
- the optical nonlinear thin film waveguide according to the present invention the S i 0 2 thin film containing G e formed on a glass substrate, is formed on the S i 0 2 thin film containing the G e, the waveguide pattern A metal electrode thin film having a gap of a corresponding shape, and a portion of the Si thin film including Ge corresponding to the gap of the metal electrode thin film has second-order optical nonlinearity.
- the optical nonlinear thin film waveguide according to the present invention is characterized in that a transparent insulator thin film is formed on the metal electrode thin film so as to further cover the gap.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an optical nonlinear thin-film waveguide according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a manufacturing process of the optical nonlinear thin film waveguide.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating another configuration example of the optical nonlinear thin film waveguide.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the production of an optical nonlinear thin film waveguide in a vacuum chamber.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an optical nonlinear thin-film waveguide (planar waveguide) according to the present invention.
- the glass substrate 10 is made of silica glass (SiO 2 glass) formed in a flat plate shape, and a Ge-added SiO 2 thin film 12 which is a SiO 2 thin film containing Ge is formed on the surface thereof. I have.
- the Ge-added SiO 2 thin film 12 has a thickness of about 1 to 5/111 and a Ge concentration of about 1 to 3 Omo 1%. Specific numerical values are determined according to the specifications of the planar waveguide such as the wavelength used.
- the electrodes 14 a and 14 b patterned in a predetermined shape are formed on the Ge-added SiO 2 thin film 12 so as to face each other with a predetermined gap therebetween.
- the electrodes 14a and 14b are formed of, for example, a thin film of aluminum (A1).
- a transparent insulating thin film 16 is formed so as to cover the electrodes 14a and 14b and the gap therebetween.
- the insulating thin film 16 is a SiO 2 thin film.
- a portion corresponding to the gap between the electrodes 14a and 14b of the Ge-doped SiO 2 thin film 12 forms a channel portion 18, and the channel portion 18 is provided with optical nonlinearity by ultraviolet excitation polling. I have. Therefore, the optical properties of the channel section 18 can be controlled by the voltage applied between the electrodes 14a and 14b. Thus, the light passing through the channel 18 is controlled by the voltage applied between the electrodes 14a and 14b, and the planar waveguide operates as an optical functional element.
- the glass substrate 10 As an example, SiO 2 glass is used, but sodium glass or the like can also be used.
- a glass substrate 10 made of a flat plate of SiO 2 glass is prepared (S 11). Then, the glass substrate 10 of this is housed in a vacuum chamber to form a G e added S I_ ⁇ 2 thin film 12 on the surface of the glass substrate 10 (S 12).
- the Ge-added SiO 2 thin film 12 is formed by using an electron beam evaporation method using a sintered material containing 20% of Ge 2 as an evaporation source.
- a metal film 14 is formed on the Ge-added SiO 2 thin film 12 (S 13).
- A1 is used as the metal, but other metals may be used, and the metal film 14 may be formed by a method other than vapor deposition.
- a predetermined portion of the metal film 14 is removed by etching to form two electrodes 14a and 14b (S14).
- a linear gap is formed between both electrodes 14a and 14b.
- this etching is performed by photolithography or the like. That is, a resist is deposited and formed on the entire surface of the metal film 14, and light is irradiated through a mask pattern for forming a gap to expose a predetermined portion of the resist. Next, the portion corresponding to the gap corresponding to the exposure is removed, and the metal film 14 in that portion is exposed. Then, the exposed portion of the metal film 14 is removed. Finally, the resist is removed to form electrodes 14a and 14b facing each other with a gap therebetween.
- the insulating thin film 16 is formed on the electrodes 14a and 14b (S15).
- the insulating thin film 16 is a SiO 2 thin film, and is formed by an electron beam evaporation method using SiO 2 as an evaporation source.
- the insulating thin film 16 may be formed on the entire surface, but it is necessary to cover at least the gap formed by the electrodes 14a and 14b.
- the insulating thin film 16 may be made of any material as long as it transmits ultraviolet light and does not easily cause dielectric breakdown. For example, MgO or MgF 2 can be adopted.
- a voltage of about 1 kV is applied between the electrodes 14a and 14b.
- an electric field of about 10 6 V / cm is applied to the channel section 18.
- an Ar F excimer laser (wavelength 193 nm) is irradiated as a pulse, and the channel 18 is irradiated with ultraviolet light.
- the energy density of this laser is about 36 mJ / cm 2
- the pulse repetition interval is about 1 O pps (pulses / second)
- the irradiation time is about 10 to 30 minutes.
- this portion is covered with the insulating thin film 16.
- the electric breakdown field of air is about 10 4 V / cm, and when a voltage of 10 6 V / cm is applied to the channel section 18, discharge occurs.
- Sio 2 transmits ultraviolet light (for example, a wavelength of 193 nm) and has a sufficient insulation breakdown voltage, and is suitable as the insulating thin film 16.
- the channel section 18 is given second-order optical nonlinearity.
- the value of 2 pm / V or more can be obtained as the magnitude (d constant) of the second-order optical nonlinearity in the channel section 18 by such an ultraviolet excitation polling process.
- the Ge-added SiO 2 thin film 12 is formed on the glass substrate 10. Therefore, the secondary optical non-linearity expressed by the ultraviolet excitation poling is limited to the Ge-added SiO 2 thin film 12. Therefore, the width of the waveguide can be defined by the shapes of the electrodes 14 a and 14 b, and the depth direction can be controlled by the thickness of the Ge-doped SiO 2 thin film 12. Can be controlled. Therefore, light can be propagated in the optical nonlinear waveguide in a single mode, and operations such as switching in the optical nonlinear waveguide can be reliably performed.
- UV excitation polling was applied to only one location, but the glass substrate 10 It is also preferable that independent electrodes 14a and 14b are formed at desired locations, and element regions having optical nonlinearity are formed at various locations on the glass substrate 10. Further, it is also preferable that the Ge-added Si ⁇ ⁇ 2 thin film 12 is subjected to patterning by a photolithography technique or the like to limit the position of the optical waveguide. Also, as described in Japanese Patent Application No. Hei 8-2444965, a region having optical nonlinearity and a normal region are alternately and periodically provided in the channel portion 18, and this is used as a grating portion. It is also preferable to use it.
- the planar waveguide according to the present invention can be used as various functional members.
- the channel portion 18 is shaped into a force bra that once merges the forked waveguides and then branches back to the forked portions. It is preferable to arrange them so that a voltage can be applied.
- the phase of light can be controlled by adjusting the voltage applied to the two converging portions.
- optical nonlinear thin-film waveguide of the present invention a portion having optical nonlinearity can be formed on an arbitrary portion of the glass substrate 10. Therefore, various optical functional members and optical functional circuits can be formed as required. For example, a signal generator, an optical switch / power blur, and the like in a bidirectional optical transmission system can be configured by the optical nonlinear waveguide of the present invention.
- the planar waveguide is manufactured by vacuum excitation using ultraviolet light in a vacuum.
- Figure 4 shows the configuration.
- the vacuum chamber 20 has a cross-shaped pipe, three sides of which are closed, and one of which is connected to an exhaust system such as a vacuum pump.
- a sample stage 22 is provided in a pipe extending vertically downward, on which a glass substrate 10 on which electrodes 14 a, 14 b and a Ge-added SiO 2 thin film 12 are formed is placed. It is placed.
- the electrodes 14a and 14b are connected to a power supply outside the vacuum chamber.
- the upper pipe in the vertical direction is sealed with quartz glass 24, and ultraviolet rays are irradiated through the quartz glass 24.
- Such devices in a state where ultraviolet rays were irradiated to the G e added S i 0 2 thin film 1 2, a high voltage is applied between the electrodes 1 4 a, 1 4 b.
- ultraviolet poling can be performed by applying a desired high voltage between the electrodes 14a and 14b, and desired optical nonlinearity can be imparted to the Ge-added thin film 12 between the electrodes. It is preferable that the formation of the Ge-added SiO 2 thin film 12 and the electrodes 14 a and 14 b is also performed in the same vacuum chamber 20.
- This device A r F excimer laser (wavelength 1 93 nm), the energy density of 1 00mJ / cm 2 1 0 4 pulses (1 0 pp s) were irradiated. Pressure in the vacuum chamber 20 was about 1 0- 6 T 0 rr. Moreover, the polling field is set to 8 xl 0 4 V / cm. As a result, an optical nonlinearity of 3.8 ⁇ 0.3 pm / V was obtained in the channel region.
- optical nonlinear thin-film waveguide of the present invention can be used for a signal generator, an optical switch / power blur, etc. in a bidirectional optical transmission system.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE69914315T DE69914315T2 (de) | 1998-03-12 | 1999-02-23 | Verfahren zur herstellung optisch nichtlinearer dünnfilmwellenleiter sowie optisch nichtlineare dünnfilmwellenleiter |
EP99905273A EP1063557B1 (en) | 1998-03-12 | 1999-02-23 | Method of fabricating optical nonlinear thin film waveguide and optical nonlinear thin film waveguide |
AU25489/99A AU740686B2 (en) | 1998-03-12 | 1999-02-23 | Method of fabricating optical nonlinear thin film waveguide and optical nonlinear thin film waveguide |
CA002321744A CA2321744C (en) | 1998-03-12 | 1999-02-23 | Method of fabricating optical nonlinear thin film waveguide and optical nonlinear thin film waveguide |
US09/623,912 US6466722B1 (en) | 1998-03-12 | 1999-02-23 | Method of fabricating optical nonlinear thin film waveguide and optical nonlinear thin film waveguide |
JP2000535959A JP3628963B2 (ja) | 1998-03-12 | 1999-02-23 | 光非線形薄膜導波路の製造方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP10/61609 | 1998-03-12 | ||
JP6160998 | 1998-03-12 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999046632A1 true WO1999046632A1 (fr) | 1999-09-16 |
Family
ID=13176088
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1999/000788 WO1999046632A1 (fr) | 1998-03-12 | 1999-02-23 | Procede de fabrication d'un guide d'ondes optique a couche mince non lineaire et guide d'ondes optique a couche mince non lineaire |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6466722B1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1063557B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3628963B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100373066B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1126972C (ja) |
AU (1) | AU740686B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2321744C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69914315T2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1999046632A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3852213B2 (ja) * | 1998-07-30 | 2006-11-29 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 非線形光学シリカ材料及び非線形光学素子 |
CA2281265C (en) | 1998-09-22 | 2003-12-16 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for manufacturing a nonlinear optical thin film |
JP4611573B2 (ja) * | 2001-06-15 | 2011-01-12 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 光制御部の形成方法 |
US6732550B2 (en) * | 2001-09-06 | 2004-05-11 | Lightwave Microsystems, Inc. | Method for performing a deep trench etch for a planar lightwave circuit |
CN100339765C (zh) * | 2003-08-18 | 2007-09-26 | 旺宏电子股份有限公司 | 可降低光学接近效应的光罩 |
KR100951183B1 (ko) | 2009-11-27 | 2010-04-07 | 동국대학교 산학협력단 | 도파관의 변환기 구현 방법 |
US8985874B2 (en) | 2012-03-20 | 2015-03-24 | Corning Cable Systems Llc | Simplified fiber optic connectors having lenses and method for making the same |
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JPH0278931U (ja) * | 1988-12-05 | 1990-06-18 | ||
JPH1090546A (ja) * | 1996-09-17 | 1998-04-10 | Toyota Motor Corp | 平面導波路の製造方法及び平面導波路 |
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FR2299662A1 (fr) | 1974-06-14 | 1976-08-27 | Thomson Csf | Commutateur electro-optique et procede de fabrication d'un tel commutateur |
DE2614859A1 (de) | 1976-04-06 | 1977-10-27 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von lichtleiterstrukturen mit dazwischenliegenden elektroden |
DE2614871C3 (de) * | 1976-04-06 | 1981-05-27 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Dünnschicht-Lichtleiterstrukturen |
JPS6014222A (ja) * | 1983-07-06 | 1985-01-24 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 光波長変換素子 |
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JPH01152431A (ja) | 1987-12-09 | 1989-06-14 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 光非線形導波路の作製方法 |
JPH0278931A (ja) | 1988-09-16 | 1990-03-19 | Hitachi Ltd | スラリーの分析用試料採取装置 |
JPH02146504A (ja) | 1988-11-29 | 1990-06-05 | Fujikura Ltd | 非線形光導波路の製造方法 |
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FR2658307A1 (fr) * | 1990-02-13 | 1991-08-16 | Thomson Csf | Guide d'onde optique integre et procede de realisation. |
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JPH0588226A (ja) | 1991-09-27 | 1993-04-09 | Hikari Keisoku Gijutsu Kaihatsu Kk | 非線形光学素子およびその製造方法 |
US5478371A (en) | 1992-05-05 | 1995-12-26 | At&T Corp. | Method for producing photoinduced bragg gratings by irradiating a hydrogenated glass body in a heated state |
US5265185A (en) * | 1992-10-02 | 1993-11-23 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Optical waveguides in electro-optical polymers and method |
JP2637891B2 (ja) | 1993-03-26 | 1997-08-06 | 日本電気株式会社 | 光導波路の製造方法 |
JPH0736070A (ja) * | 1993-06-28 | 1995-02-07 | Pioneer Electron Corp | 波長変換素子及びその製造方法 |
AUPM956694A0 (en) * | 1994-11-18 | 1994-12-15 | University Of Sydney, The | Inducing or enhancing electro-optic properties in optically transmissive material |
JP3557434B2 (ja) | 1994-11-25 | 2004-08-25 | 日本板硝子株式会社 | 光導波路 |
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1999
- 1999-02-23 JP JP2000535959A patent/JP3628963B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-02-23 US US09/623,912 patent/US6466722B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-02-23 DE DE69914315T patent/DE69914315T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-02-23 AU AU25489/99A patent/AU740686B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-02-23 WO PCT/JP1999/000788 patent/WO1999046632A1/ja active IP Right Grant
- 1999-02-23 CA CA002321744A patent/CA2321744C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-02-23 KR KR10-2000-7009928A patent/KR100373066B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-02-23 CN CN99803849A patent/CN1126972C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-02-23 EP EP99905273A patent/EP1063557B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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FUJIWARA T., ET AL.: "SECOND-HARMONIC GENERATION IN GERMANOSILICATE GLASS POLED WITH ARF LASER IRRADIATION.", APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, A I P PUBLISHING LLC, US, vol. 71., no. 08., 25 August 1997 (1997-08-25), US, pages 1032 - 1034., XP000720209, ISSN: 0003-6951, DOI: 10.1063/1.119718 * |
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See also references of EP1063557A4 * |
TAKAHASHI M., ET AL.: "DEFECT FORMATION IN GEO2-SIO2 GLASS BY POLING WITH ARF LASER EXCITATION.", APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, A I P PUBLISHING LLC, US, vol. 71., no. 08., 25 August 1997 (1997-08-25), US, pages 993 - 995., XP000720200, ISSN: 0003-6951, DOI: 10.1063/1.119749 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1063557A1 (en) | 2000-12-27 |
DE69914315T2 (de) | 2004-11-25 |
KR100373066B1 (ko) | 2003-02-25 |
EP1063557A4 (en) | 2002-12-18 |
JP3628963B2 (ja) | 2005-03-16 |
CN1292886A (zh) | 2001-04-25 |
CA2321744A1 (en) | 1999-09-16 |
DE69914315D1 (de) | 2004-02-26 |
KR20010041707A (ko) | 2001-05-25 |
CA2321744C (en) | 2003-04-15 |
CN1126972C (zh) | 2003-11-05 |
AU740686B2 (en) | 2001-11-08 |
AU2548999A (en) | 1999-09-27 |
EP1063557B1 (en) | 2004-01-21 |
US6466722B1 (en) | 2002-10-15 |
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