WO1998003448A1 - Thermische sicherung - Google Patents
Thermische sicherung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998003448A1 WO1998003448A1 PCT/EP1997/003836 EP9703836W WO9803448A1 WO 1998003448 A1 WO1998003448 A1 WO 1998003448A1 EP 9703836 W EP9703836 W EP 9703836W WO 9803448 A1 WO9803448 A1 WO 9803448A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- thermal fuse
- nitrate
- gas
- fuse according
- ammonium
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000004200 deflagration Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- IDCPFAYURAQKDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitroguanidine Chemical compound NC(=N)N[N+]([O-])=O IDCPFAYURAQKDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- QJTIRVUEVSKJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-nitro-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-one Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=NC(=O)NN1 QJTIRVUEVSKJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229940105296 zinc peroxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- NDEMNVPZDAFUKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanidine;nitric acid Chemical compound NC(N)=N.O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O NDEMNVPZDAFUKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- DHEQXMRUPNDRPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium nitrate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O DHEQXMRUPNDRPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- FNMYQWAUHXSWPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;2h-tetrazol-5-amine Chemical compound [Ca].NC=1N=NNN=1.NC=1N=NNN=1 FNMYQWAUHXSWPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 compound class of oxalates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- DLINORNFHVEIFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen peroxide;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].OO DLINORNFHVEIFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004675 formic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- TVIRJXQLFRFUCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid;2h-tetrazol-5-amine Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O.NC1=NN=NN1 TVIRJXQLFRFUCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005385 peroxodisulfate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L persulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])OOS(=O)(=O)[O-] JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ULRPISSMEBPJLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-tetrazol-5-amine Chemical compound NC1=NN=NN1 ULRPISSMEBPJLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- SXDBWCPKPHAZSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M bromate Chemical class [O-]Br(=O)=O SXDBWCPKPHAZSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J dipotassium;tetrabromoplatinum(2-) Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Pt+2] AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 3
- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001487 potassium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XWNSFEAWWGGSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-acetyl-4-methylheptanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CCCC(C)(C(=O)C)CCC#N XWNSFEAWWGGSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CBOCVOKPQGJKKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium formate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O CBOCVOKPQGJKKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004153 Potassium bromate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium oxalate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WPADTLKJFUUWIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane iron oxalic acid Chemical compound N.N.N.[Fe].OC(=O)C(O)=O.OC(=O)C(O)=O.OC(=O)C(O)=O WPADTLKJFUUWIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940044172 calcium formate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019255 calcium formate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004281 calcium formate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- YNKVVRHAQCDJQM-UHFFFAOYSA-P diazanium dinitrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YNKVVRHAQCDJQM-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 claims description 2
- VEPSWGHMGZQCIN-UHFFFAOYSA-H ferric oxalate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O VEPSWGHMGZQCIN-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001337 iron nitride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- GEVPUGOOGXGPIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalic acid;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.OC(=O)C(O)=O GEVPUGOOGXGPIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940094037 potassium bromate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019396 potassium bromate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamic acid Chemical class NS(O)(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- FSAJRXGMUISOIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth sodium Chemical compound [Na].[Bi] FSAJRXGMUISOIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- VLVCUFZXYMDAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diazanium disulfamate Chemical compound [NH4+].S(N)([O-])(=O)=O.[NH4+].S(N)([O-])(=O)=O VLVCUFZXYMDAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- IJYKFDJJSAVJED-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;2h-tetrazole Chemical compound [Ca].C=1N=NNN=1.C=1N=NNN=1 IJYKFDJJSAVJED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- ACLQBCPOWXJYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium 5-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-3-one nitrate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C=1N=NC(N1)=O.[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[Na+] ACLQBCPOWXJYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BFPACULRTNASOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cl(=O)(=O)(=O)[O-].[K+].[N+](=O)([O-])C=1N=NC(N1)=O Chemical compound Cl(=O)(=O)(=O)[O-].[K+].[N+](=O)([O-])C=1N=NC(N1)=O BFPACULRTNASOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- GDABQXUUHGDZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.NC(N)=N[N+]([O-])=O Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.NC(N)=N[N+]([O-])=O GDABQXUUHGDZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DZEVAAJRRSHMNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Zn].[N+](=O)([O-])C=1N=NC(N1)=O Chemical compound [Zn].[N+](=O)([O-])C=1N=NC(N1)=O DZEVAAJRRSHMNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- YUXJTKUUYSFSTN-UHFFFAOYSA-O azanium 5-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-3-one nitrate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[NH4+].[N+](=O)([O-])C=1N=NC(N1)=O YUXJTKUUYSFSTN-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- NPLZZSLZTJVZSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+);oxalate;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Fe+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O NPLZZSLZTJVZSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VFVUUUJUZZVFQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+) oxygen(2-) 2H-tetrazol-5-amine nitrate Chemical compound [O-2].[Fe+3].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].NC1=NN=NN1 VFVUUUJUZZVFQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- HUXHVWOOHIPETN-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium 5-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-3-one dinitrate Chemical compound [Sr++].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+](=O)C1=NC(=O)N=N1 HUXHVWOOHIPETN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002110 toxicologic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000027 toxicology Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- GEHMBYLTCISYNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium sulfamate Chemical compound [NH4+].NS([O-])(=O)=O GEHMBYLTCISYNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SXDBWCPKPHAZSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromic acid Chemical compound OBr(=O)=O SXDBWCPKPHAZSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004455 differential thermal analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004683 dihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- TVBSSDNEJWXWFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid perchloric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O.OCl(=O)(=O)=O TVBSSDNEJWXWFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLJZGBGIFQRQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitroboron Chemical compound [B][N+]([O-])=O DLJZGBGIFQRQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassiosodium Chemical compound [Na].[K] BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNYYBUOBTVHFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium bismuthate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][Bi](=O)=O PNYYBUOBTVHFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDJBPYQBESSGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitric acid 2H-tetrazol-5-amine nitrate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[N+](=O)(O)[O-].NC1=NN=NN1 KDJBPYQBESSGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UPDATVKGFTVGQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;azane Chemical compound N.[Na+] UPDATVKGFTVGQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfamate Chemical compound NS([O-])(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PPLRYOYPAKVSRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;iron(3+) Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Zn+2] PPLRYOYPAKVSRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B43/00—Compositions characterised by explosive or thermic constituents not provided for in groups C06B25/00 - C06B41/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B25/00—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
- C06B25/34—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being a nitrated acyclic, alicyclic or heterocyclic amine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
- C06C9/00—Chemical contact igniters; Chemical lighters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to thermal fuses which can be used, for example, in gas generators for motor vehicle safety systems.
- Gas-generating mixtures used in gas generators for motor vehicle safety systems are generally very thermally stable.
- thermal fuses are used to the gas-generating mixture at high ambient temperature, eg. B. in the event of a vehicle fire.
- thermal fuses are used to prevent the gas-generating mixture from spontaneously igniting at extraordinarily high temperatures.
- the gas-generating mixture would not burn off normally, but would accelerate and react violently due to the increased temperature, reacting explosively in unfavorable cases.
- the generator housing is not designed for this accelerated, violent reaction and would be destroyed. This would result in a significant risk to vehicle occupants.
- the thermal fuse ensures that the conversion of the gas-generating mixture is triggered thermally far below this critical temperature. In such a case, it prevents the destruction of the generator housing and the associated dangers through its early implementation and controlled ignition of the gas-generating mixture.
- nitrocellulose or propellant powder derived therefrom is usually used as a thermal fuse.
- the decisive disadvantage of nitrocellulose is that it begins to slowly decompose at temperatures which are not yet sufficient to ignite. In extreme cases, the nitrocellulose decomposes completely. It can then no longer fulfill its function as a thermal fuse. An attempt was made to improve the thermal stability
- the object of the present invention was therefore to provide a thermal fuse which does not have the disadvantages of the thermal fuse based on nitrocellulose.
- the thermal fuses according to the invention are able to ignite the gas-generating mixtures usually used in gas generators in a thermally controlled manner, well below the critical temperature.
- thermal fuses Substances or mixtures of substances which have lower deflagration points or decomposition points than the actual gas-generating mixture can be used as thermal fuses according to the invention.
- the absolute level of the deflagration points or decomposition points of the thermal fuses according to the invention depends on the particular construction and housing stability of the gas generator used. The more stable the generator housing, for example, the higher these values can generally be for the thermal fuse according to the invention.
- Substances or mixtures of substances whose exothermic thermal decomposition takes place in a narrowly limited temperature range can be used for the thermal fuses according to the invention.
- the resulting heat must be sufficient to compensate for energy losses in the gas-generating mixture in order to at least achieve or exceed the activation energy required to ignite the gas-generating mixture.
- Compounds which are selected from the compound classes of oxalates, peroxodisulfates (persulfates), permanganates, nitrides, perborates, bismuthates, formates, nitrates, sulfamates, bromates or peroxides can be used as substances or as mixtures of substances for the thermal fuses according to the invention.
- oxalates may preferably iron (II) oxalate dihydrate with a sharp decomposition point from 190 C C, ammonium iron (III) oxalate, a double salt of ammonium oxalate and iron oxalate with decomposition temperatures of 160-170 ° C, as peroxodisulfates (persulfates), preferably ammonium Sodium or potassium persulfates, the thermal decomposition of which is suitable to start the reaction, preferably sodium or potassium permanganate as permanganates, ammonium or calcium formate preferably as formates, ammonium nitrate preferably as nitrate, ammonium sulfamate preferably as sulfamate, iron nitride preferably as nitride, preferably sodium bismuthate as bismuthate, preferably potassium bromate as bromate, and zinc peroxide as peroxide.
- Iron oxide and / or ferrocene can also be used.
- oxidizable components for example explosives with low deflagration or decomposition points, preferably calcium bistetrazole-amine, 3-nitro-1, 2,4-triazole-5-one (NTO), 5-aminotetrazole nitrate, nitroguanidine (NIGU) ), Guanidine nitrate and bisstrazolamine can be used.
- the substances can be used alone or in a mixture.
- a certain thermal decomposition point of the thermal fuse according to the invention can be set by coordinating the mixture.
- substances which have a lower deflagration point or decomposition point than the gas-generating mixture used and thereby decompose exothermically can be used alone, without the addition of, for example, a fuel, as a thermal fuse according to the invention.
- the substances which have a lower deflagration point or decomposition point than the gas-generating mixture used, but decompose endothermically, require at least one fuel and, if appropriate, a reducing agent in order to be able to be used according to the invention as a thermal fuse.
- the known explosives for example, can preferably be used as fuels
- SPARE BLADE Calcium bistetrazole-amine, 3-nitro-1, 2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO), 5-aminotetrazole nitrate, nitroguanidine (NIGU)), guanidine nitrate and bistrazolamine, as reducing agents, for example metal powder, preferably titanium powder.
- guanidine nitrate or also oxidizing agents such as potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, strontium nitrate, potassium perchlorate or mixtures of these oxidizing agents can be added to the deflagration points and in addition to the substances already mentioned above thus influencing the effective range of the thermal fuse according to the invention.
- the thermal fuses according to the invention can be used in various ways.
- One application envisages incorporating them homogeneously into the gas-generating mixture.
- the thermal fuses according to the invention are particularly suitable for this, which do not or only insignificantly impair the actual characteristic of the gas-generating mixture.
- the homogeneous distribution can be carried out by mixing processes known per se, for example by sieving, tumbling or tumbling the dry mixture or by kneading, extruding or extruding a moistened or solvent-containing mixture.
- the addition of a binder is also possible.
- the thermal fuses according to the invention can make up 0.1 to 20% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight, of the gas-generating mixture.
- thermal fuses according to the invention are preferably provided at thermally exposed points on the generator housing. That way
- the supplements according to the invention can be used in the form of tablets, for example. Such tablets are produced by methods known per se.
- thermal fuses according to the invention are distributed homogeneously in the ignition mixture or are separated therefrom, for example in the form of a tablet.
- the purity of the substances used determines the time of thermal triggering, the grain size the locally released energy.
- processing aids known per se for example talc, graphite or boron nitride, can be used.
- thermal fuses according to the invention can also be used, for example, in pressure or security elements to trigger movements of mechanical elements.
- the thermal fuses according to the invention are compatible with the gas-generating mixture and its components and, as intended, show a temperature and storage stability which is sufficient for the application and is considerably improved compared to nitrocellulose.
- the problem of slow decomposition at higher storage temperatures, which can be observed with nitrocellulose, does not show thermal fuses according to the invention. A thermal change in the required storage and functional temperatures could not be determined.
- the specified mixture components were homogenized in the specified weight ratios in screwable plastic containers in a tumble mixer for 30 minutes. If necessary, tableting and granulation were also carried out by breaking the compacts or, after adding a binder, shaping by kneading and subsequent extrusion.
- the properties that can be initiated thermally were characterized by determining the deflagration point and the caloric behavior by recording thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis.
- the deflagration point was determined by heating 100 or 300 mg of a substance (depending on the severity of the reaction) to a maximum of 400 ° C. at a heating rate of 20 ° C. per minute.
- the deflagration point is the temperature at which a clear reaction takes place with the evolution of gas or flame or even deflagration. Examples 1 to 24:
- thermal initiation of mixtures which contain several components (e.g. also as binders) or which vary in the choice of oxidizing agents:
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Control Of Combustion (AREA)
- Fuses (AREA)
- Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP97937498A EP0914305B2 (de) | 1996-07-20 | 1997-07-17 | Thermische sicherung |
| AT97937498T ATE270261T1 (de) | 1996-07-20 | 1997-07-17 | Thermische sicherung |
| DE59711752T DE59711752D1 (de) | 1996-07-20 | 1997-07-17 | Thermische sicherung |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19629227.1 | 1996-07-20 | ||
| DE19629227 | 1996-07-20 | ||
| DE19648809.5 | 1996-11-26 | ||
| DE19648809 | 1996-11-26 |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/835,358 Continuation US6453816B2 (en) | 1996-07-20 | 2001-04-17 | Temperature fuse with lower detonation point |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1998003448A1 true WO1998003448A1 (de) | 1998-01-29 |
Family
ID=26027671
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP1997/003836 WO1998003448A1 (de) | 1996-07-20 | 1997-07-17 | Thermische sicherung |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0914305B2 (cs) |
| AT (1) | ATE270261T1 (cs) |
| CZ (1) | CZ299764B6 (cs) |
| DE (2) | DE59711752D1 (cs) |
| WO (1) | WO1998003448A1 (cs) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1181262A4 (en) * | 1999-03-01 | 2005-03-16 | Automotive Systems Lab | GAS-CREATING COMPOSITION |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6024889A (en) | 1998-01-29 | 2000-02-15 | Primex Technologies, Inc. | Chemically active fire suppression composition |
| DE19805976C1 (de) * | 1998-02-13 | 1999-04-29 | Nigu Chemie Gmbh | Frühzündpulver für thermische Sicherungen für Airbag-Gasgeneratoren |
| FR2863608B1 (fr) * | 2003-12-10 | 2006-02-17 | Snpe Materiaux Energetiques | Propergol solide a liant polyether a comportement ameliore en vulnerabilite |
| DE102004057770B4 (de) * | 2004-11-30 | 2008-07-31 | Trw Airbag Systems Gmbh | Pyrotechnische Zusammensetzung zur Verwendung als Frühzündmittel |
| FR2883868B1 (fr) * | 2005-03-30 | 2007-08-03 | Davey Bickford Snc | Compositions auto-initiatrices, initiateurs electriques utilisant de telles compositions et generateurs de gaz comportant de tels initiateurs |
| DE102009018944A1 (de) * | 2009-04-27 | 2010-10-28 | Takata-Petri Ag | Verwendung einer gaserzeugenden Zusammensetzung zum kontrollierten Auslösen bei thermischer Überbelastung |
| US20180127328A1 (en) | 2014-11-10 | 2018-05-10 | Ruag Ammotec Gmbh | Thermal pre-ignition agent |
| DE102017118416A1 (de) | 2017-08-11 | 2019-02-14 | Ruag Ammotec Gmbh | Pyrotechnische Trenneinrichtung, System zum elektrischen Laden einer elektrischen Energiezelle, Mobilgerät und Ladegerät |
| FR3097546B1 (fr) * | 2019-06-24 | 2021-09-24 | Arianegroup Sas | Composition pyrotechnique génératrice de gaz |
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| GB801015A (en) * | 1955-08-08 | 1958-09-03 | Ici Ltd | Safety heating elements and compositions suitable therefor |
| US5084118A (en) * | 1990-10-23 | 1992-01-28 | Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. | Ignition composition for inflator gas generators |
| EP0589042A1 (en) * | 1991-06-17 | 1994-03-30 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Gas generator for air bag |
| EP0595668A1 (en) * | 1992-10-27 | 1994-05-04 | Atlantic Research Corporation | Two-part igniter for gas generating compositions |
| DE4301794C1 (de) * | 1993-01-23 | 1994-05-26 | Temic Bayern Chem Airbag Gmbh | Airbag-Gasgenerator mit einem Selbstzündmittel |
| WO1994014637A1 (en) * | 1992-12-28 | 1994-07-07 | Atlantic Research Corporation | Inflating crash bags |
| US5380380A (en) * | 1994-02-09 | 1995-01-10 | Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. | Ignition compositions for inflator gas generators |
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| WO1995026945A1 (en) * | 1994-04-04 | 1995-10-12 | Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. | Gas generator autoignition with a chlorate composition |
| US5536339A (en) * | 1994-09-27 | 1996-07-16 | Conducting Materials Corporation | Air bag inflator gas compositions and inflator containing the same |
| DE19548544A1 (de) * | 1995-12-23 | 1997-06-26 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Initialsprengstoff-freie Anzündmischung |
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| US4931112A (en) † | 1989-11-20 | 1990-06-05 | Morton International, Inc. | Gas generating compositions containing nitrotriazalone |
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| US5482579A (en) † | 1993-04-15 | 1996-01-09 | Nof Corporation | Gas generator compositions |
| AU687895B2 (en) † | 1993-10-06 | 1998-03-05 | Nigu Chemie Gmbh | Gas developing agent |
| DE4401214C1 (de) † | 1994-01-18 | 1995-03-02 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Gaserzeugende Mischung |
| JP3912689B2 (ja) † | 1995-12-01 | 2007-05-09 | 日本化薬株式会社 | 自己発火性火薬組成物、伝火薬、ガス発生剤及びガス発生器 |
| US5959242A (en) † | 1996-05-14 | 1999-09-28 | Talley Defense Systems, Inc. | Autoignition composition |
-
1997
- 1997-07-17 EP EP97937498A patent/EP0914305B2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-07-17 AT AT97937498T patent/ATE270261T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-07-17 DE DE59711752T patent/DE59711752D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-07-17 CZ CZ0040699A patent/CZ299764B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-07-17 WO PCT/EP1997/003836 patent/WO1998003448A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1997-07-18 DE DE19730873A patent/DE19730873A1/de not_active Ceased
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| GB801015A (en) * | 1955-08-08 | 1958-09-03 | Ici Ltd | Safety heating elements and compositions suitable therefor |
| US5084118A (en) * | 1990-10-23 | 1992-01-28 | Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. | Ignition composition for inflator gas generators |
| EP0589042A1 (en) * | 1991-06-17 | 1994-03-30 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Gas generator for air bag |
| EP0595668A1 (en) * | 1992-10-27 | 1994-05-04 | Atlantic Research Corporation | Two-part igniter for gas generating compositions |
| WO1994014637A1 (en) * | 1992-12-28 | 1994-07-07 | Atlantic Research Corporation | Inflating crash bags |
| DE4301794C1 (de) * | 1993-01-23 | 1994-05-26 | Temic Bayern Chem Airbag Gmbh | Airbag-Gasgenerator mit einem Selbstzündmittel |
| EP0659715A2 (en) * | 1993-12-10 | 1995-06-28 | Morton International, Inc. | Gas generant compositions |
| EP0665138A2 (en) * | 1993-12-28 | 1995-08-02 | Sensor Technology Co., Ltd. | Gas generator, squib for air bag and spontaneous firing explosive composition |
| US5380380A (en) * | 1994-02-09 | 1995-01-10 | Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. | Ignition compositions for inflator gas generators |
| WO1995026945A1 (en) * | 1994-04-04 | 1995-10-12 | Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. | Gas generator autoignition with a chlorate composition |
| US5536339A (en) * | 1994-09-27 | 1996-07-16 | Conducting Materials Corporation | Air bag inflator gas compositions and inflator containing the same |
| DE19548544A1 (de) * | 1995-12-23 | 1997-06-26 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Initialsprengstoff-freie Anzündmischung |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1181262A4 (en) * | 1999-03-01 | 2005-03-16 | Automotive Systems Lab | GAS-CREATING COMPOSITION |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0914305B2 (de) | 2007-04-04 |
| ATE270261T1 (de) | 2004-07-15 |
| CZ299764B6 (cs) | 2008-11-19 |
| DE59711752D1 (de) | 2004-08-05 |
| EP0914305B1 (de) | 2004-06-30 |
| EP0914305A1 (de) | 1999-05-12 |
| DE19730873A1 (de) | 1998-01-22 |
| CZ40699A3 (cs) | 2000-04-12 |
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