Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
  • A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
  • A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
  • A61K9/205—Polysaccharides, e.g. alginate, gums; Cyclodextrin
  • A61K9/2054—Cellulose; Cellulose derivatives, e.g. hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/55—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
  • A61K31/554—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole having at least one nitrogen and one sulfur as ring hetero atoms, e.g. clothiapine, diltiazem
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
  • A61K9/28—Dragees; Coated pills or tablets, e.g. with film or compression coating
  • A61K9/2806—Coating materials
  • A61K9/2833—Organic macromolecular compounds
  • A61K9/286—Polysaccharides, e.g. gums; Cyclodextrin
  • A61K9/2866—Cellulose; Cellulose derivatives, e.g. hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/18—Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/20—Hypnotics; Sedatives

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition and more particularly to a sustained release pharmaceutical composition comprising 1 l-[4-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl]-l-piperazinyl]dibenzo[b,f][l,4]thiazepine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the sustained release provides a generally uniform and constant rate of release over an extended period of time which achieves a stable and desired blood (plasma) level of the active ingredient without the need for frequent administration of the medicament.
• sustained release formulations While there are numerous sustained release formulations known in the art which utilize gelling agents, such as hydroxypropyl methylcelluloses, it has been found to be difficult to formulate sustained release formulations of soluble medicaments and gelling agents, such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, for several reasons.
• active ingredients which are soluble in water tend to generate a sustained release product which is susceptible to a phenomenon known as dose dumping. That is, release of the active ingredient is delayed for a time but once release begins to occur the rate of release is very high.
• fluctuations tend to occur in the plasma concentrations of the active ingredient which increases the likelihood of toxicity. Further, some degree of diurnal variation in plasma concentration of the active ingredient has also been observed.
• soluble medicaments such as, l l-[4-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl]-l-piperazinyl]- dibenzo[b,f][l ,4]thiazepine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, which overcome, or at least alleviate, one or more of the above described difficulties and which further provide the advantageous property of allowing the active medicament to be administered less frequently, e.g. once a day, while achieving blood (plasma) levels similar to those attained by administering smaller doses of the medicament more frequently, e.g. two or more times daily.
• plasma blood
• Figure 1 shows the release (dissolution) profiles of the sustained release formulations of Examples 8, 9 and 10 which are obtained by immersing a suitable tablet in 750 mL of 0.1 N HC1 for 2 hours at 37°C and a speed of 100 rpm and then adding 250 mL of 0.2 M sodium phosphate buffer to the dissolution media to afford a pH of 6.2.
• Figure 2 shows the plasma concentration versus time profiles of the active ingredient for the sustained release formulations of examples 1 and 2 and the immediate release formulation of example 12.
• an antipsychotic agent for example, for the management of the manifestations of psychotic disorders
• a treatment for hyperactivity for example, as an antipsychotic agent (for example, for the management of the manifestations of psychotic disorders) or as a treatment for hyperactivity. It is a compound of particular interest since it may be used as an antipsychotic agent with a substantial reduction in the potential to cause side effects such as acute dystonia, acute dyskinesia, pseudo-Parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesia which side-effects may result from the use of other antipsychotics or neuroleptics.
• a sustained release formulation comprising a gelling agent, preferably hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and 1 l-[4-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl]-l-piperazinyl]dibenzo- [b,f][l ,4]thiazepine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
• the sustained release formulation comprises a hydrophilic matrix comprising a gelling agent, preferably hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and 1 l-[4-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl]-l- piperazinyl]dibenzo-[b,f][ l,4]thiazepine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
• a gelling agent preferably hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
• 1 l-[4-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl]-l- piperazinyl]dibenzo-[b,f][ l,4]thiazepine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
• gelling agent means any substance, particularly a hydrophilic substance, which forms a gel when in contact with water and thus includes such substances as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl ethylcellulose, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, carboxyethylcellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethylcellulose, carbomer, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and the like, or mixtures thereof.
• the gelling agent is preferably hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.
• the amount of gelling agent preferably hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, is preferably selected such that the active ingredient is released from the formulation, in a controlled fashion, over a period of 4 hours or longer, preferably over a period of 8 hours or longer and in particular over a period of between 8 and 24 hours, that is so that at least 60% of the active ingredient has been released at the end of this period.
• the gelling agent preferably hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
• the gelling agent is conveniently present in about 5 to 50% (by weight), more conveniently about 5 to 40%, most conveniently about 8 to 35% and in particular about 10 to 35%. It is generally preferred that the gelling agent, preferably hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, is present in about 10 to 30%, more preferably about 15 to 30%.
• the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose may contain more than one grade of polymer and is commercially available under several trademarks, e.g. METHOCEL ® E, F, J and K from the Dow Chemical Company, U.S.A. and METALOSETM SH from Shin-Etsu, Ltd., Japan.
• the various grades available under a given trademark represent differences in methoxy and hydroxypropoxy content as well as in viscosity.
• the methoxy content ranges from 16.5 to 30% by weight
• the hydroxypropoxy content ranges from 4 to 32% by weight
• the viscosities of a 2% aqueous solution at 20°C range from 3 cps to 100,000 cps.
• the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose preferably comprises (a) a polymer with a viscosity of about 40 to 60 cps (in particular about 50 cps), a methoxy content of about 28 to 30% by weight and a hydroxypropoxy content of from about 7 to less than 9% by weight: or (b) a polymer with a viscosity of about 3,500 to 5,600 cps (in particular about 4,000 cps), a methoxy content of about 28 to 30% by weight and a hydroxypropoxy content of about 7 to 12% by weight; or (c) a polymer with a viscosity of about 80 to 120 cps (in particular about 100 cps), a methoxy content of about 19 to 24% by weight and a hydroxypropoxy content of from about 7 to less than 9% by weight; or (d) a polymer with a viscosity of about 3500 to 5600 cps (in particular about 4,000 cps), a
• the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is selected from the group consisting of (a) - (d) or mixtures thereof as described above with the proviso that if the formulation contains a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose described under (d) above the total amount of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose present in the formulation must be greater than 25.8% by weight.
• the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose comprises 8 to 12% of a polymer having a viscosity of about 4,000 cps, and preferably about 5 to 10%. In a further embodiment hydroxypropyl methylcellulose comprises 10 to 35% of a polymer having a viscosity of about 50 cps, and preferably about 10 to 15%.
• the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose comprises 15% of a polymer having a viscosity of about 50 cps, and optionally about 5% of a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose polymer having a viscosity of about 4,000 cps.
• the 1 l-[4-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-ethyl]-l-piperazinyl]- dibenzo[b,f][l ,4]thiazepine, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (preferably the hemifumarate salt), is present in about 10 to 90% by weight, preferably about 20 to 80% by weight, more preferably about 35 to 65% by weight, most preferably about 40 to 60% by weight and especially about 43.2 to 57.6% by weight.
• the formulation will, in general, contain one or more excipients.
• excipients will include diluents such as lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, dextrose, mannitol, sucrose, sorbitol, gelatin, acacia, dicalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, monocalcium phosphate, sodium phosphate, sodium carbonate and the like, preferably lactose and microcrystalline cellulose; lubricants such as stearic acid, zinc, calcium or magnesium stearate and the like, preferably magnesium stearate; binders such as sucrose, polyethylene glycol, povidone (polyvinylpyrrolidone), corn or maize starch, pregelatinized starch and the like, preferably povidone (polyvinylpyrrolidone); colorants such as ferric oxides, FD & C dyes, lakes and the like; flavoring agents; and pH modifiers which include suitable organic acids or alkali metal (e.g
• lithium, sodium or potassium salts thereof such as benzoic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, adipic acid and the like or the corresponding alkali metal salts thereof, preferably the alkali metal salts of such acids and in particular the sodium salt of citric acid (i.e. sodium citrate).
• the excipient(s) will, in general, be present in about 10 to 90% by weight, preferably about 20 to 80% by weight, more preferably about 20 to 45% by weight, most preferably about 20 to 40% by weight and especially about 22.4 to 36.8% by weight.
• the formulation preferably may contain one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients selected from the group consisting of microcrystalline cellulose, lactose, magnesium stearate, sodium citrate and povidone.
• the formulation may contain one or more of (a) microcrystalline cellulose, preferably in the amount of about 4 to 20% by weight, (b) lactose, preferably in the amount of about 5 to 20% by weight, (c) magnesium stearate, preferably in the amount of about 1 to 3% by weight, (d) about 10 to 30% by weight, preferably about 12.5 to 25% and in particular about 12.5% by weight of sodium citrate, and (e) about 1 to 15% by weight, preferably about 4 to 6% by weight and in particular about 5% by weight of povidone (polyvinylpyrrolidone).
• a sustained release formulation comprising a gelling agent, preferably hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and 1 l-[-4-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl]-l-piperazinyl]dibenzo- [b,fj[ l ,4]thiazepine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients wherein one of the excipients is a pH modifier.
• a sustained release formulation comprising 1 l-[4-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl]-l-piperazinyl]- dibenzo[b,f][l,4]thiazepine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as active ingredient and 5 to 40% of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
• a sustained release formulation comprising about 35 to 65% of 1 l-[4-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)- ethyl]-l-piperazinyl]dibenzo[b,f][l,4]thiazepine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as active ingredient and about 5 to 40% by weight of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
• a sustained release formulation comprising about 35 to 65% of 1 l-[4-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)- ethyl]-l-piperazinyl]dibenzo[b,f][l,4]thiazepine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as active ingredient and about 15 to 30% of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, together with about 20 to 45% of one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
• a sustained release formulation comprising about 35 to 65% of l l-[4-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)- ethyl]-l-piperazinyl]-dibenzo[b,f][l,4]thiazepine as active ingredient, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, about 5 to 40% by weight of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, about 4 to 12% microcrystalline cellulose, about 8 to 20% lactose and the remainder being one or more further pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
• Such further excipients may include components which act as a lubricant (for example, magnesium stearate) during the manufacture of the formulation or dosage form.
• a sustained release formulation comprising about 5 to 40% by weight of a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose selected from the group consisting of (a) a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose having a viscosity of about 40 to 60 cps, a methoxy content of about 28 to 30% by weight and a hydroxypropoxy content of from about 7 to less than 9% by weight, (b) a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose having a viscosity of about 3,500 to 5,600 cps, a methoxy content of about 28 to 30% by weight and a hydroxypropoxy content of about 7 to 12% by weight, (c) a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose having a viscosity of about 80 to 120 cps, a methoxy content of about 19 to 24% by weight and a hydroxypropoxy content of from about 7 to less than 9% by weight and (d) a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose having a viscosity of about 3,500 to 5,
• hydroxypropyl methylcellulose selected from the group consisting of (a) a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose having a viscosity of about 40-60 cps, a methoxy content of about 28 to 30% by weight and a hydroxypropoxy content of about 7 to less than 9% by weight, (b) a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose having a viscosity of about 3,500 to 5,600 cps, a methoxy content of about 28 to 30% by weight and a hydroxypropoxy content of about 7 to 12% by weight, (c) a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose having a viscosity of about 80 to 120 cps, a methoxy content of about 19 to 24% by weight and a hydroxypropoxy content of about 7 to less than 9% by weight and (d) a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose having a viscosity of about 3,500 to 5,600 c
• Still other formulations within the ambit of this latter group are those comprising about 10 to 30% by weight of a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose selected from the groups (a) - (d) or mixtures thereof as described above; about 40 to 60% by weight of 1 l-[4-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl]-l-piperazinyl]dibenzo[b,f][l,4]- thiazepine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and about 20 to 40% by weight of one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
• Preferred formulations within this latter group are those comprising about 15 to 30% by weight of a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose selected from the groups (a) - (d) or mixtures thereof as described above; about 43.2 to 57.6% by weight of 1 l-[4-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl]-l-piperazinyl]dibenzo[b,f]- [l,4]thiazepine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and about 22.4 to 36.8% by weight of one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
• a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose selected from the groups (a) - (d) or mixtures thereof as described above
• Particularly preferred formulations within this latter group are those comprising about 15 to 30% by weight of a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose selected from the groups (a) - (d) or mixtures thereof as described above; about 43.2 to 57.6% by weight of l l-[4-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl]-l-piperazinyl]dibenzo[b,f]- [l,4]thiazepine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and about 22.4 to 0 36.8% by weight of one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients selected from the group consisting of (a) about 4 to 12% by weight of microcrystalline cellulose, (b) about 5 to 20% by weight of lactose, (c) about 1 to 3% by weight of magnesium stearate, (d) about 10 to 30% by weight of sodium citrate and (e) about 1 to 15% by weight of povidone (polyvinylpyrrolidone).
• a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose selected from the groups
• the 1 l-[4-[2-(2-hydroxy- ethoxy)ethyl]-l-piperazinyl]dibenzo[b,f][l,4]-thiazepine is preferably in the form of a hemifumarate salt which form has an equilibrium solubility in water at 20°C of 3.29 mg/mL.
• Formulations of particular interest include those described in the o accompanying Examples and so formulations substantially as defined in the accompanying Examples are provided as a further feature of the present invention.
• the compound 1 l-[4-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)- ethyl]-l-piperazinyl]dibenzo[b,f]] l,4]-thiazepine, and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts exhibit useful antidopaminergic activity and may be used, for 5 example, as an antipsychotic agent (for example, for the management of the manifestations of psychotic disorders) or as a treatment for hyperactivity.
• the present invention also provides a method of treating psychotic states, for example psychosis, in a warm-blooded animal, such as man, which comprises administering an effective amount of the formulation of the present invention to said warm-blooded animal.
• the present invention also provides a method of treating hyperactivity in a warm-blooded animal which comprises administering to said warm-blooded animal an effective amount of a formulation of the present invention.
• the formulations of the present invention may be prepared by conventional technology well known to those skilled in the art such as wet granulation, direct compression, dry compaction (slugging) and the like.
• the active ingredient l l-[4-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl]-l-piperazinyl]- dibenzo[b,f]-[l,4]thiazepine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a gelling agent, preferably hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and other excipients are mixed together to form the sustained release formulations of the present invention.
• the active ingredient l l ⁇ [4-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl]-l-piperazinyl]- dibenzo[b,f][l,4]thiazepine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a gelling agent, preferably hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and other excipients are mixed together to form a mixture suitable for compressing into tablets, which mixture is then compressed to form tablets or is filled into capsules
• the mixing process is preferably carried out by mixing the components, wet granulating the mixed components, drying the mixture, milling the dried mixture, blending the mixture with a lubricant such as magnesium stearate and compressing the blended mixture to form tablets or filling the blended mixture into capsules.
• a lubricant such as magnesium stearate
• a preferred process for preparing the formulations of the invention comprises the following steps:
• the dosage forms may be coated with one or more coatings as is well known in the art such as, for example, shellac, zein, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, ethyl cellulose, polymethacrylates, polyvinyl acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate phthalate, t ⁇ acetin, dibutyl sebacate. a mixture of polyethylene glycol, titanium dioxide and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and the like.
• the sustained release properties of the formulation of the present invention may be demonstrated by momtonng the dissolution of the active ingredient.
• the dissolution of the active ingredient may be monitored using standard procedures well known to those skilled in the art (e.g. the dissolution test procedures, such as the Rotating Basket Method (Apparatus I) or Paddle Method (Apparatus II), disclosed in the U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP)).
• Such procedures include those in which the formulation is immersed in an aqueous medium such as water or hydrochlo ⁇ c acid and aliquots of the medium are withdrawn at various time points over a period of 24 hours. The aliquots are analyzed using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection to determine the concentration of dissolved active ingredient using standard methodology.
• HPLC high pressure liquid chromatography
• a tablet is immersed in about 900 mL of water and the dissolution profile determined.
• the dissolution profile is determined by the Rotating Basket method by immersing a tablet m 750 mL of 0.1 N HC1 for 2 hours at a speed of 100 rpm and then adding 250 mL of 0.2 M phosphate buffer to the dissolution media to afford a pH of 6.2.
• the formulation preferably releases the active ingredient in a controlled manner over a period of up to about 8 hours or longer.
• Example 2 released about 90% of the active ingredient over 16 hours
• the formulation described in Example 1 released about 90% of the active ingredient over a period of 8 hours.
• the plasma concentration versus time profiles of the active ingredient illustrated in Figure 2 were obtained utilizing the following procedure. Thirty-two patients were assigned to either Group A or Group B with 16 patients in each group. After a 2-day drug-free period (days 1 and 2), all patients were given oral doses of the immediate release formulation of example 12 twice daily for a 9-day period (days 3 through 11) with fixed step-wise increases in dose from 25 to 200 mg. Starting on day 12, patients began a randomized treatment sequence within their respective groups (Group A or B).
• Group A patients followed a treatment sequence that included one of each of the following formulations of the active ingredient administered according to the sequence randomized: two 100 mg tablets of the immediate release formulation of example 12 while fasting administered every 12 hours (Treatment 1), one 400 mg tablet of the formulation of example 2 while fasting (Treatment 2) and one 400 mg tablet of the formulation of example 2 with a meal (Treatment 3).
• Group B patients were randomized to a treatment sequence that included one of each of the following formulations of the active ingredient administered according to the sequence randomized: two 100 mg tablets of the immediate release formulation of example 12 while fasting administered every 12 hours (Treatment 1), one 400 mg tablet of the formulation of example 1 while fasting (Treatment 4) and one 400 mg tablet of the formulation of example 1 with a meal (Treatment 5).
• Treatment 1 two 100 mg tablets of the immediate release formulation of example 12 while fasting administered every 12 hours
• Reatment 4 one 400 mg tablet of the formulation of example 1 while fasting
• Treatment 5 one 400 mg tablet of the formulation of example 1 with a meal
• On days 12, 16 and 20 patients received trial treatment according to their assigned treatment sequences.
• patients received 200 mg doses of the immediate release formulation of example 12 and on days 14, 15, 18 and 19 the patients received 200 mg dose of the immediate release formulation of example 12 twice daily. Blood samples were taken from each subject on days 3, 10, 11, 14, 15, 18 and 19 before the morning dose.
• the dose of the compound of the present invention which is administered will necessarily be varied according to principles well known in the art taking account of the route of administration, the duration of treatment, the severity of the psychotic condition, the size and age of the patient, the potency of the active component and the patient's response thereto.
• An effective dosage amount of the active component can thus readily be determined by the clinician after a consideration of all criteria and using his best judgment on the patient's behalf.
• the compound will be administered to a warm blooded animal (such as man) so that an effective dose is received, generally a daily dose in the range of about 0.01 to about 40 mg/kg body weight.
• an effective dose in the range of about 0.01 to about 40 mg/kg body weight.
• the compound of the present invention is administered in about a 25, 50, 200, 300 or 400 mg strength.
• the formulation of the present invention will, in general, be in the form of a unit dosage form, and, in particular, the formulation will be in the form of a tablet.
• the formulation can be co-administered with other therapeutic or prophylactic agents and/or medicaments that are not medically incompatible therewith.
• the formulation of the present invention does not, in general, show any indication of overt toxicity in laboratory test animals at several multiples of the minimum effective dose of the active ingredient.
• the invention is further illustrated by the following non-limiting Examples in which temperatures are expressed in degrees Celsius.
• the compound 11-[4-[2-(2- hydroxyethoxy)ethyl]-l-piperazinyl]dibenzo[b,f]] l,4]-thiazepine, and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts may be prepared as described in published European Patents EP 240,228 or 282,236 as well as in U.S. Patent 4,879,288, the entire contents of which are herein incorporated by reference.
• EXAMPLE 1 The following process was used to prepare tablets having the composition defined in Table 1. l l-[4-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl]-l-piperazinyl]-dibenzo- [b,f]]l,4]thiazepine hemifumurate (3453.8g), lactose (1144.7g), microcrystalline cellulose (381.5g) and METHOCEL ® E50LV (900g) were blended in a planetary mixer for approximately 3 minutes.
• the mixture was wet granulated in a planetary mixer using purified water.
• the wet mass was dried in a fluidized bed drier at about 65°C until the loss on drying was less than about 3% as measured by a moisture balance.
• the dried granulation was milled using a hammer type or similar mill operating at fast speed, knives forward with suitable screen (e.g. 20 to 40 mesh).
• Magnesium stearate was passed through an appropriate screen (e.g. 20 to 40 mesh).
• the dry granulated material was blended for approximately 3 minutes in a conventional blender (for example, Patterson-Kelley Twin Shell) with the screened magnesium stearate.
• a conventional blender for example, Patterson-Kelley Twin Shell
• the blended mixture was compressed into tablets using a conventional rotary tablet press (for example, Kilian LX-21).
• the active ingredient is 1 l-[4-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl]-l-piperazinyl]- dibenzo[b,f]][l ,4]thiazepine hemifumarate
• METHOCEL * E50LV Premium is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose with a viscosity of 40-60 cps, a methoxy content of 28 to 30% by weight and a hydroxypropoxy content of 7 to 12% by weight which may be obtained from The Dow Chemical Company, Michigan, USA. This product meets the specifications for HPMC 2910 USP. Note that the particular METHOCEL ®
• E50LV Premium utilized in this example had a viscosity of 48 cps, a methoxy content of 28.9% by weight and a hydroxypropoxy content of less than 9.0% by weight (i.e. 8.0%).
• Example 1 The procedure described in Example 1 was repeated using METHOCEL ® E50LV and METHOCEL ® E4M in place of METHOCEL ® E50LV to afford tablets of the following composition.
• the active ingredient is 11 -[4-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl]- 1 -piperazinyl]- dibenzo[b,f][l ,4]thiazepine hemifumarate
• METHOCEL ® E50LV Premium is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose with a viscosity of 40-60 cps, a methoxy content of 28 to 30% by weight and a hydroxypropoxy content of 7 to 12% by weight which may be obtained from The Dow Chemical Company, Michigan, USA. This product meets the specifications for HPMC 2910 USP. Note that the particular METHOCEL ® E50LV Premium utilized in this example had a viscosity of 48 cps, a methoxy content of 28.9% by weight and a hydroxypropoxy content of less than 9.0% by weight (i.e. 8.0%).
• METHOCEL ® E4M Premium CR is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose with a viscosity of 3,500 to 5,600 cps, a methoxy content of 28 to 30% by weight and a hydroxypropoxy content of 7 to 12% by weight which may be obtained from The Dow Chemical Company, Michigan, USA. This product meets the specifications for HPMC 2910 USP. Note that the particular METHOCEL ® E4M Premium CR utilized in this example had a viscosity of 4364 cps, a methoxy content of 28.5% by weight and a hydroxypropoxy content of 7.8% by weight.
• Example 3 Following a procedure similar to that described in Example 1 , tablets of the following composition can be prepared.
• the active ingredient is 1 l-[4-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl]-l-piperazinyl] dibenzo[b,f] [ 1 ,4]thiazepine hemifumarate
• METHOCEL ® KIOOLV Premium CR is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose with a viscosity of 80 to 120 cps, a methoxy content of 19 to 24% by weight and a hydroxypropoxy content of 7 to 12% by weight which may be obtained from The Dow Chemical Company, Michigan, USA. This product meets the specifications for HPMC 2208 USP. Note that the particular METHOCEL ® KIOOLV Premium CR utilized in this example must have a hydroxypropoxy content of less than 9.0% by weight.
• METHOCEL ® K4M Premium CR is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose with a viscosity of 3,500 to 5,600 cps, a methoxy content of 19 to 24% by weight and a hydroxypropoxy content of 7 to 12% by weight which may be obtained from The Dow Chemical Company, Michigan, USA. This product meets the specification of HPMC 2208 USP.
• the active ingredient is 1 l-[4-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy) ethyl]- 1-piperazinyl]- dibenzo[b,f] [ 1 ,4]thiazepine hemifumarate
• METHOCEL ® KIOOLV Premium CR is hydroxypropyl methyl- cellulose with a viscosity of 80 to 120 cps, a methoxy content of 19 to 24% by weight and a hydroxypropoxy content of 7 to 12% by weight which may be obtained from The Dow Chemical Company, Michigan, USA. This product meets the specifications for HPMC 2208 USP. Note that the particular METHOCEL ® KIOOLV Premium CR utilized in this example must have a hydroxypropoxy content of less than 9.0% by weight.
• METHOCEL ® E4M Premium CR is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose with a viscosity of 3,500 to 5,600 cps, a methoxy content of 28 to 30% by weight and a hydroxypropoxy content of 7 to 12% by weight which may be obtained from The Dow Chemical Company, Michigan, USA. This product meets the specifications for HPMC 2910 USP.
• Example 5 Following a procedure similar to that described in Example 1 , tablets of the following composition can be prepared.
• the active ingredient is 1 l-[4-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl]-l-piperazinyl]- dibenzo[b,f] [ 1 ,4]thiazepine hemifumarate
• METHOCEL * KIOOLV Premium CR is hydroxypropyl methyl ⁇ cellulose with a viscosity of 80 to 120 cps, a methoxy content of 19 to 24% by weight and a hydroxypropoxy content of 7 to 12% by weight which may be obtained from The Dow Chemical Company, Michigan, USA. This product meets the specifications for HPMC 2208 USP. Note that the particular METHOCEL ® KIOOLV Premium CR utilized in this example must have a hydroxypropoxy content of less than 9.0% by weight.
• the active ingredient is 1 l-[4-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl]-l-piperazinyl]- dibenzo[b,f] [ 1 ,4]thiazepine hemifumarate
• This reagent is a polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer having a K-value of 29-32 which may be obtained from ISP Technologies Inc., Wayne, New Jersey, USA, under the trademark PLASDONE ® K-29/32. This product meets the specifications for Povidone USP.
• METHOCEL ® E50LV Premium is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose with a viscosity of 40-60 cps, a methoxy content of 28 to 30% by weight and a hydroxypropoxy content of 7 to 12% by weight which may be obtained from The Dow Chemical Company, Michigan, USA. This product meets the specifications for HPMC 2910 USP. Note that the particular METHOCEL ® E50LV Premium utilized in this example must have a hydroxypropoxy content of less than 9.0% by weight.
• METHOCEL ® E4M Premium CR is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose with a viscosity of 3,500 to 5,600 cps, a methoxy content of 28 to 30% by weight and a hydroxypropoxy content of 7 to 12% by weight which may be obtained from The Dow Chemical Company, Michigan, USA. This product meets the specifications for HPMC 2910 USP.
• the active ingredient is 1 l-[4-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl]- 1-piperazinyl]- dibenzo[b,f][ l,4]thiazepine hemifumarate.
• This reagent is a polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer having a K-value of 90 which may be obtained from ISP Technologies Inc., Wayne, New Jersey, USA, under the trademark PLASDONE ® K-90. This product meets the specifications for Povidone USP.
• METHOCEL ® E50LV Premium is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose with a viscosity of 40-60 cps, a methoxy content of 28 to 30% by weight and a hydroxypropoxy content of 7 to 12% by weight which may be obtained from The Dow Chemical Company, Michigan, USA. This product meets the specifications for HPMC 2910 USP. Note that the particular METHOCEL ®
• E50LV Premium utilized in this example must have a hydroxypropoxy content of less than 9.0% by weight.
• METHOCEL * E4M Premium CR is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose with a viscosity of 3.500 to 5,600 cps, a methoxy content of 28 to 30% by weight and a hydroxypropoxy content of 7 to 12% by weight which may be obtained from The Dow Chemical Company, Michigan, USA. This product meets the specifications for HPMC 2910 USP.
• Example 8 Example 9 Example 10 mg/tablet % of tablet mg/tablct % of tablet mg/tablet % of tablet
• the active ingredient is 1 l-[4-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl]-l-piperazinyl]- dibenzo[b,f][l ,4]thiazepine hemifumarate
• METHOCEL ® KIOOLV Premium CR is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose with a viscosity of 80 to 120 cps, a methoxy content of 19 to 24% by weight and a hydroxypropoxy content of 7 to 12% by weight which may be obtained from
• METHOCEL ® K4M Premium CR is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose with a viscosity of 3,500 to 5,600 cps, a methoxy content of 19 to 24% by weight and a hydroxypropoxy content of 7 to 12% by weight, which may be obtained from The Dow Chemical Company, Michigan, USA. This product meets the specification of HPMC 2208 USP. Note that the particular METHOCEL ® K4M Premium CR utilized in this example had a viscosity of 4105 cps, a methoxy content of 22.3 % by weight and a hydroxypropoxy content of 9.7 % by weight.
• Example 11 Following a procedure similar to that described in Example 1 , tablets of the following composition were prepared:
• the active ingredient is 1 l-[4-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl]-l-piperazinyl]- dibenzo[b,f] [ 1 ,4]thiazepine hemifumarate
• This reagent is a polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer having a K-value of 90 which may be obtained from ISP Technologies Inc., Wayne, New Jersey, USA, under the trademark PLASDONE ® K-90. This product meets the specifications for Povidone USP.
• METHOCEL ® E4M Premium CR is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose with a viscosity of 3,500 to 5,600 cps, a methoxy content of 28 to 30% by weight and a hydroxypropoxy content of 7 to 12% by weight which may be obtained from The Dow Chemical Company, Michigan, USA. This product meets the specifications for HPMC 2910 USP. Note that the particular METHOCEL ®
• E4M Premium CR utilized in this example had a viscosity of 4364 cps, a methoxy content of 28.5% by weight and a hydroxypropoxy content of 7.8% by weight.
• the active ingredient is 1 l-[4-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl]-l- piperazinyl]dibenzo[b,f][l ,4]thiazepine hemifumarate.
• This reagent is a polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer having a K-value of 29-32 which may be obtained from ISP Technologies Inc., Wayne, New Jersey, USA, under the trademark PLASDONE ® K-29/32. This product meets the specification for Povidone USP.
• the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose utilized in this example was PHARMACOAT ® 606 which may be obtained from Shin-Etsu, Ltd., Japan and has a viscosity in the range of 4.5 to 8.0 cps, a methoxy content of 28 to 30% by weight and a hydroxypropoxy content of 7 to 12 % by weight.
• the above described immediate release composition was prepared by the following process: The active ingredient, povidone, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, and portions of the microcrystalline cellulose and sodium starch glycolate were mixed in a mixer-granulator (for example, a Littleford MGT) for approximately 5 minutes. Purified water was added while mixing until a suitable mass was obtained. The wet granules were passed through a cone mill fitted with an appropriate screen (e.g. 6.35 mm) and then were dried in a fluidized bed dryer set at an inlet temperature of approximately 65°C to a loss on drying level of less than 2.5% w/w. The dried granules were then passed through a suitable mill fitted with an appropriate screen (e.g. #20 mesh in a hammer mill).
• a mixer-granulator for example, a Littleford MGT
• Purified water was added while mixing until a suitable mass was obtained.
• the wet granules were passed through a cone mill fitted with an appropriate screen (e.g. 6.35
• the granulation was combined in a blender (e.g. V-blender) with lactose and the remainder of the microcrystalline cellulose and sodium starch glycolate and was blended for approximately 5 minutes.
• the magnesium stearate was passed through a suitable mill fitted with an appropriate screen (e.g. 40 mesh) and then was added to the dry granulated material and blended for approximately 3 minutes.
• the blended mixture was then compressed into tablets using conventional rotary compression equipment.
• the tablets were then film coated using conventional drum coating equipment with an aqueous suspension of the film coating constituents (i.e. hydroxypropyl -28-
• methylcellulose, polyethylene glycol 400, yellow ferric oxide and titanium dioxide at an inlet temperature of approximately 80°C.

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