WO1997044705A1 - Panneau d'affichage a cristaux liquides et son procede de production - Google Patents

Panneau d'affichage a cristaux liquides et son procede de production Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997044705A1
WO1997044705A1 PCT/JP1997/001684 JP9701684W WO9744705A1 WO 1997044705 A1 WO1997044705 A1 WO 1997044705A1 JP 9701684 W JP9701684 W JP 9701684W WO 9744705 A1 WO9744705 A1 WO 9744705A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
crystal display
insulating film
display panel
crystal panel
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP1997/001684
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Satoru Katagami
Original Assignee
Seiko Epson Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Seiko Epson Corporation filed Critical Seiko Epson Corporation
Priority to JP53696397A priority Critical patent/JP3700180B2/ja
Publication of WO1997044705A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997044705A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/133345—Insulating layers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/13378—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation
    • G02F1/133784—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation by rubbing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1345—Conductors connecting electrodes to cell terminals

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display panel and a method for manufacturing the same, and more particularly, to a manufacturing technique for performing a rubbing process on an inner surface of a liquid crystal panel substrate.
  • a transparent electrode made of IT0 indium tin oxide
  • IT0 indium tin oxide
  • the extraction wiring connected to the transparent electrode ′ is drawn out of the liquid crystal display area, and the external connection terminal connected to the end of the extraction wiring is arranged to form an external connection terminal part.
  • an alignment film is formed by printing with a resin such as polyimide or polyvinyl alcohol. This alignment film is subjected to a rubbing treatment described later.
  • a transparent electrode is also formed on the inner surface of the other liquid crystal panel substrate, and a color filter is formed on the transparent electrode.
  • the surface of the color filter is covered with a protective film made of a transparent resin, and a rubbing treatment is performed after an orientation film similar to the above is formed.
  • the two liquid crystal panel substrates thus formed are bonded together via a sealing material formed so as to surround the liquid crystal display area, and then the liquid crystal is filled in the liquid crystal enclosing area surrounded by the sealing material.
  • You. 5 and 6 show the cross-sectional structure of the above liquid crystal panel substrate, and FIG. 7 shows the plan structure thereof. 6 and 7 show a liquid crystal panel substrate 10 having a transparent electrode 11, a lead wiring 18, an external connection terminal 12, and a direction film 14 formed on the surface.
  • a part of the rubbing roller 15 comes into contact with the external connection terminal 13 and the surface of the lead-out wiring 18.
  • the bristle 15a of the rubbing roller 15 hits the external connection terminal 12 and the lead-out wiring 18 formed on the terminal 13 and adheres to the rubbing roller tip as shown in Fig. 6.
  • Debris 15 b such as shavings of the bristles 15 a and shavings of the alignment film 14, are removed by the external connection terminals 12 and the side walls of the lead wires 18.
  • the attached portion 15b is not removed from the surface of the rubbing roller 15 that does not contact the external connection terminal portion 13 or the lead-out wiring 18.
  • the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display panel and a method of manufacturing the liquid crystal display panel, in which unevenness due to a rubbing roller is prevented during rubbing processing, and display unevenness of a liquid crystal display is reduced. It is to provide Means taken by the present invention to solve the above problems are
  • Two liquid crystal panel substrates each having an applied electrode pattern in a liquid crystal display area on the inner surface thereof; a liquid crystal layer disposed between the liquid crystal panel substrates; and at least one of the liquid crystal panel substrates.
  • the number of the lead wires connected to the applied electrode pattern and / or the external connection terminal portions connected to the lead wires, and the number of the lead wires and / or the external connection terminal portions is small.
  • a liquid crystal display panel comprising: an insulating film that covers a peripheral portion of the liquid crystal display region that partially covers the liquid crystal display region and that can reduce surface friction; and an alignment film that covers the liquid crystal display region.
  • the lead wiring and / or the external connection terminal around the liquid crystal display area is covered with the insulating layer, so that the surface friction of the covered part is reduced. Therefore, unevenness in the rubbing treatment for the alignment film caused by contact with the lead wiring and the external connection terminal portion is reduced, and a liquid crystal display panel with reduced display unevenness can be obtained.
  • the surface friction of the insulating layer should be lower than that of the lead-out wiring and the external gun contact part as a whole, and as a result, the alignment film provided by the material used for the rubbing treatment (rubbing roller, etc.). Reduced surface impact ...
  • the insulating layer and the alignment film may be formed so as not to overlap each other, may be formed so as to completely overlap as described later, or may be formed so as to partially overlap. Is also good.
  • the insulating film is made of an acrylic resin, it is easy to form a transparent film by using an acrylic resin, and an insulating film with low surface friction can be formed. Can be obtained reliably.
  • the thickness of the insulating film is 100 to 20 OA, the thickness is small even if the insulating film is formed of an acrylic resin having low surface friction. Therefore, the adhesion of the insulating film is not easily reduced, so that the liquid crystal display panel can be prevented from peeling off.
  • a color filter is formed on the inner surface of one of the liquid crystal panel substrates, and the insulating film covers the surface of the color filter as a protective film, a color filter is formed. Since the unevenness of the rubbing process can be prevented by the insulating film also serving as the protective film, the increase in the number of manufacturing steps can be suppressed.
  • a color filter is formed on the inner surface of the other liquid crystal panel substrate, and the insulating film covers the surface of the color filter as a protective film, a color filter is formed. Since the rubbing process can be prevented from being uneven by the insulating film also serving as the filter protective film, an increase in the number of manufacturing steps can be suppressed. In addition, the quality of the rubbing process can be expected to be improved by reducing the surface friction of the insulating film around the orientation film formed on the inner surface of the other liquid crystal panel substrate. Since a protective film of the same color can be formed with the same material as the insulating film of the substrate, material management becomes easy, and an increase in manufacturing cost can be suppressed.
  • a liquid crystal layer is interposed. Forming at least one of the two liquid crystal panel substrates on the inner surface of one of the liquid crystal panel substrates, a lead wiring connected to an application electrode pattern formed in the liquid crystal display area and / or an external connection terminal portion. An insulating film that covers a peripheral portion of the liquid crystal display region including at least a part of the lead wiring and / or the external connection terminal portion, and that can reduce surface friction; and Forming an alignment film to be coated; and thereafter, performing a rubbing process on the inner surface of the liquid crystal panel substrate.
  • either the insulating film or the alignment film may be formed first.
  • the step of performing the rubbing treatment there may be a step for removing the insulating film covering the external connection terminal portion.
  • FIG. 1 is an enlarged end view showing a structure of a liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view showing how rubbing is performed in the same embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged end view showing a state in which a rubbing process is performed in the embodiment (an end view showing a state cut along the line m-HI in FIG. 2).
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged end view showing the structure of a liquid crystal display according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged end view showing a structural example of a conventional liquid crystal display panel.
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged end view showing a state in which a rubbing process is performed in a conventional method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display panel (an end view showing a state cut along line VV in FIG. 7).
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic plan view showing how a rubbing process is performed in a conventional liquid crystal display panel manufacturing method.
  • FIG. 1 is an enlarged end view showing a partial structure of a color liquid crystal display panel formed according to the present embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a rubbing process of the panel
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged end view showing a state of a rubbing process step of the panel.
  • a transparent electrode 11 is formed for each pixel region in a portion to be a liquid crystal display region on the inner surface of the liquid crystal panel substrate 10. Further, by applying aluminum or another metal material, a plurality of lead wires 18 conductively connected to the transparent electrode 11 are formed so as to extend from the inside of the liquid crystal display area to the outside.
  • an external connection terminal 12 is formed outside the liquid crystal display area at the tip of the lead-out wiring 18 by a conductive gun. Is done. The thickness of the external connection terminal 12 is usually about 100 to 200 OA.
  • an acrylic thermosetting resin is entirely coated by a spin coating method.
  • the transparent insulating film 16 is formed in such a manner that the film is hardened under a heating condition suitable for the resin material, and finally the film thickness becomes about 100 to 20 OA.
  • a polyimide resin is applied in the liquid crystal display area on the surface of the transparent insulating film 16 and baked to form an alignment film 14 having a thickness of 700 to 80 OA.
  • a transparent electrode 21 is formed in the liquid crystal display area on the inner surface of the liquid crystal panel substrate 20, and a color filter 22 is formed on the surface by printing.
  • a thickness of about 200 A is formed by the spin-coating method using the same material as the transparent insulating film 16 described above.
  • a transparent insulating film 23 is formed.
  • an alignment film 24 having the same material and substantially the same thickness as the above-described alignment film 14 is formed.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 the drawing shows the processing state of the liquid crystal panel substrate 10.
  • the rubbing treatment shown in is performed.
  • a rubbing roller 15 is used in which a rubbing sheet having a large number of bristles 15a on its surface is wound around a cylindrical roller.
  • the contact surface with the liquid crystal panel substrate rotates in the same direction as the moving direction of the rubbing roller 15.
  • the inner surface of the liquid crystal panel substrate 10 is rubbed while rotating in a rotating direction such that the rubbing roller is moved.
  • the transparent insulating film 16 is formed extremely thickly with respect to the thickness of the external connection terminal 12 and the lead-out wiring 18, the unevenness existing on the surface of the external connection terminal 12 and the lead-out wiring 18 is reduced. Since the projecting shapes are covered so as to match each other, and the transparent insulating film 16 is formed of an acrylic resin, the surface friction is lower than that of the lead wiring 18 and the external connection terminal 12.
  • the rubbing process is similarly performed on the liquid crystal panel substrate 20 in a direction orthogonal to the direction of the rubbing process performed on the liquid crystal panel substrate 10. Also in this liquid crystal panel substrate 20, a plurality of lead-out wires conductively connected to each of the plurality of transparent electrodes 21 are provided, and these lead-out wires are connected to the external connection terminals formed on the liquid crystal panel substrate 10. It is conductively connected to the child 12.
  • the liquid crystal panel substrate 10 and the liquid crystal panel substrate 20 are interposed via a sealing material 30 made of an ultraviolet curing resin or the like with the inner surfaces on which the alignment films are formed facing each other. And stick them together.
  • the sealing material 30 is formed in a frame shape so as to surround the liquid crystal display area, and a liquid crystal sealing area is formed by bonding the liquid crystal panel substrates 10 and 20 together. A part of the sealing material 30 is chipped in advance so that a sealing port is formed in the liquid crystal sealing area.
  • the external connection terminal portion 13 is formed only on the liquid crystal panel substrate 10. However, even in the liquid crystal panel substrate 20 having no external connection terminal portion, the external connection terminal portion 13 is formed on the outside of the liquid crystal display area. Since the lead wiring exists, rubbing unevenness due to the lead wiring can be prevented.
  • the liquid crystal panel substrate 10 may not be provided with external connection terminal portions, and the liquid crystal panel substrate 20 may be provided with external connection terminal portions. Further, external connection terminals may be provided on both substrates 10 and 20. In this case, since the transparent insulating films 16 and 23 are formed on any of the liquid crystal panel substrates 10 and 20, even if the external connection terminal portion is formed on any of the substrates, As in the case of (1), it is possible to prevent unevenness in the rubbing treatment of the alignment film.
  • the transparent insulating films 16 and 23 are not limited to the above materials and may be other materials as long as the surface friction can be reduced more than the external terminal portion 13.
  • a non-transparent insulating film may be formed on a substrate on the reflective side (particularly, a reflective electrode is formed instead of a transparent electrode). Good.
  • the thickness of the transparent insulating film is preferably 200 A or less in order to secure the adhesion between the liquid crystal panel substrate and the sealing material, and can be easily formed by a spin coating method. It is desirable that the thickness be 10 OA or more. If the thickness of the transparent insulating film is greater than 200 A, the adhesion is reduced, and there is a possibility that separation between the substrates occurs in the liquid crystal panel. Increases.
  • a film with low surface friction has low adhesion, so even if a film made of a different material is used instead of the above-mentioned transparent insulating film, reducing the thickness and increasing the adhesion will not remove the LCD panel substrate. Significant in preventing it.
  • a film having a particularly low surface friction is formed, even if the film is considerably thinner than the thickness of the external connection terminal, it is effective in preventing unevenness of the rubbing treatment.
  • the film thickness to be formed is 5 to 50% or less of the thickness of the external terminal portion.
  • the transparent insulating film is formed by coating on the entire inner surface of the liquid crystal panel substrate.
  • at least the area around the liquid crystal display area including the lead wiring and the external terminal portion is required.
  • An insulating film may be formed in the area. Even in this case, since the periphery of the alignment film is uniformly covered with the insulating film, unevenness in the rubbing treatment can be similarly prevented.
  • FIG. 4 shows an end face structure of a liquid crystal display panel of an embodiment different from the above.
  • the same parts as those in the previous embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.
  • the transparent electrode 1 ⁇ ⁇ the transparent electrode 1 ⁇ ⁇ ,
  • An external connection terminal 12 is provided at the end of the extraction wiring 18 connected to 1 in the same manner as the previous embodiment, but the insulating film 1 is formed only on the liquid crystal display area and the extraction wiring 18. 6 is formed, and an insulating film is not formed on the external connection terminals 12.
  • the rubbing unevenness caused by the external connection terminal 12 cannot be prevented by disposing the peripheral portion 16a of the insulating film on the lead-out wiring 18, although it cannot be prevented.
  • the effect of the present invention is exerted by covering the periphery of the liquid crystal display area including at least one of the lead-out wiring and the external connection terminal by the insulating film described above. Is done.
  • an insulating film similar to the transparent insulating films 16 and 23 may be formed only on the lead wiring 18 as shown in FIG.
  • the side on the side where the rubbing process is first performed by the rubbing roller 15 shown in FIG. 2 (the upper side of the liquid crystal display area in FIG. 2). Only the connection terminal 12 or the lead wiring 18 may be covered with an insulating film.
  • the pulling around the liquid crystal display area Since the insulating layer covers part of the outgoing wiring and / or the external connection terminal, surface friction is reduced, so that it comes into contact with the outgoing wiring and / or the external connection terminal.
  • the unevenness of the rubbing process that has occurred can be reduced, and the display unevenness of the liquid crystal display panel can be reduced. Therefore, the display quality of the liquid crystal display panel can be improved, and the yield at the time of manufacturing the liquid crystal display panel can be increased.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)

Abstract

Une électrode transparente (11) dont le numéro correspond à celui d'un élément d'image est formé sur une région d'affichage à cristaux liquides, sur une surface intérieure d'un substrat (10) de panneau à cristaux liquides, et des bornes de connexion extérieures (12) sont formées au niveau des parties terminales libres d'une pluralité de lignes conductrices (18) reliées de manière conductive à cette électrode transparente sur le côté extérieur de la région d'affichage à cristaux liquides. Sur la surface intérieure du substrat du panneau à cristaux liquides sur laquelle l'électrode transparente, les lignes conductrices et les bornes de connexion extérieures sont formées, est appliquée, sur sa totalité, une résine thermodurcissable acrylique jusqu'à formation d'une petite épaisseur par un procédé de revêtement par centrifugation afin de former une couche mince (16) transparente isolante. On applique ensuite une résine polyimide sur la partie de la région d'affichage à cristaux liquides se trouvant sur une surface extérieure de cette couche mince transparente isolante, puis on soumet à cuisson la couche obtenue en résine polyimide afin de former une couche mince à orientation (14). Lorsque cette couche mince à orientation est frottée par un rouleau frotteur, une irrégularité due au frottement se produit rarement étant donné que les lignes conductrices et les bornes de connexion extérieures sont recouvertes de la couche mince transparente isolante, de manière à réduire l'irrégularité de l'affichage sur un panneau d'affichage à cristaux liquides.
PCT/JP1997/001684 1996-05-22 1997-05-19 Panneau d'affichage a cristaux liquides et son procede de production WO1997044705A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP53696397A JP3700180B2 (ja) 1996-05-22 1997-05-19 液晶表示パネルの製造方法

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP12753996 1996-05-22
JP8/127539 1996-05-22

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1997044705A1 true WO1997044705A1 (fr) 1997-11-27

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/JP1997/001684 WO1997044705A1 (fr) 1996-05-22 1997-05-19 Panneau d'affichage a cristaux liquides et son procede de production

Country Status (5)

Country Link
JP (1) JP3700180B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR100485964B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1140840C (fr)
TW (1) TWI229221B (fr)
WO (1) WO1997044705A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002006330A (ja) * 2000-06-19 2002-01-09 Micro Gijutsu Kenkyusho:Kk 液晶表示装置用基板及びその回路実装方法

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100848556B1 (ko) * 2002-03-25 2008-07-25 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 액정 패널의 회전 버퍼 및 이를 이용한 러빙장치
JP3976688B2 (ja) * 2003-02-05 2007-09-19 Ｎｅｃ液晶テクノロジー株式会社 液晶表示装置及びその製造方法
CN101273300B (zh) * 2005-09-30 2010-05-19 夏普株式会社 液晶显示装置
CN100462819C (zh) * 2006-09-11 2009-02-18 北京京东方光电科技有限公司 一种摩擦装置及其用途

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6392926A (ja) * 1986-10-08 1988-04-23 Hitachi Ltd 液晶表示素子
JPH0521234U (ja) * 1991-08-29 1993-03-19 スタンレー電気株式会社 液晶表示装置
JPH07301819A (ja) * 1994-05-02 1995-11-14 Casio Comput Co Ltd 液晶表示装置の製造方法

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6392926A (ja) * 1986-10-08 1988-04-23 Hitachi Ltd 液晶表示素子
JPH0521234U (ja) * 1991-08-29 1993-03-19 スタンレー電気株式会社 液晶表示装置
JPH07301819A (ja) * 1994-05-02 1995-11-14 Casio Comput Co Ltd 液晶表示装置の製造方法

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002006330A (ja) * 2000-06-19 2002-01-09 Micro Gijutsu Kenkyusho:Kk 液晶表示装置用基板及びその回路実装方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1194696A (zh) 1998-09-30
KR19990028802A (ko) 1999-04-15
JP3700180B2 (ja) 2005-09-28
TWI229221B (en) 2005-03-11
KR100485964B1 (ko) 2005-08-30
CN1140840C (zh) 2004-03-03

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