WO1997030153A1 - Sonde zur früherkennung von epithelialen dysplasien des mehrschichtigen plattenepithels sowie zur tumordiagnostik und tumortherapie - Google Patents
Sonde zur früherkennung von epithelialen dysplasien des mehrschichtigen plattenepithels sowie zur tumordiagnostik und tumortherapie Download PDFInfo
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- WO1997030153A1 WO1997030153A1 PCT/EP1997/000564 EP9700564W WO9730153A1 WO 1997030153 A1 WO1997030153 A1 WO 1997030153A1 EP 9700564 W EP9700564 W EP 9700564W WO 9730153 A1 WO9730153 A1 WO 9730153A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/82—Translation products from oncogenes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K48/00—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
- C07K2319/01—Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif
- C07K2319/02—Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif containing a signal sequence
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S435/00—Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
- Y10S435/81—Packaged device or kit
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a new therapeutic or diagnostic agent with at least one nucleic acid as active ingredient, which is particularly suitable for the early detection of dysplasia of the multilayered squamous epithelium and the cartilage, as well as for tumor diagnosis and tumor therapy.
- Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common tumor in the esophagus.
- this form of tumors is divided into four different categories (Gl, G2, G3 and G4) based on histological criteria, the histopathological abnormalities being lowest in Gl tumors and being greatest in G4 tumors .
- dysplasias of the multilayer squamous epithelium are considered to be precancerous lesions and thus potential early stages of tumor development.
- the causes of dysplasia include to look in the degeneracy of the transcription control of differentiation-specific genes. This control is normally ensured by an orderly interaction of transcription factors which jointly regulate the activity of these target genes. If it is possible to prove that the expression, subcellular localization or activity of these transcription factors have already been changed, such findings can be used as diagnostic markers for the early detection of dysplasia.
- a favorable marker should also have a change in expression in the malignant tissue.
- Pax genes represent a multi-gene family which contain a conserved DNA sequence, the "paired" box.
- 9 different Pax genes (Paxl-Pax9) have been isolated from the human and mouse genome (review in Walther et al., 1991; Stapleton et al., 1993; Wallin et al., 1993).
- the "paired" box has also been found in representatives of lower animal classes, for example in nematodes, Drosophila, zebrafish, turtles and chicken (overview in Noll, 1993).
- the "paired" box codes for the DNA-binding "paired”domain; the Proteins of the Pax genes could thus be classified in the group of transcription factors (Treisman et al., 1991, Chalepakis et al., 1991, Xu et al., 1995).
- Pax genes are critically involved in the development of embryonic structures. During the embryonic development of the mouse, the Pax genes are expressed both spatially and temporally in specific and partially overlapping patterns (Gruss & Walther, 1992). The strong, instructive effects of the Pax genes during embryonic development could include demonstrated by the genetically engineered, ectopic expression of Pax6 in imaginal discs of the wings or legs of Drosophila (the Pax6 gene is normally expressed in the appendix of the eye). The ectopic expression of Pax6 in imaginal discs of the wings or legs has the consequence that an almost complete eye develops in the wrong place (Halder et al., 1995).
- Paxl undulated
- Pax3 splotch and Waardenburg syndrome
- Pax6 Small eye and Aniridia
- Pax genes are not limited to embryonic development.
- the Pax-5 protein activates the CD19 gene (CD19 coding for a B-lymphocyte-specific protein) (Kozmik et al., 1992) and thus also takes on a function in the adult organism.
- Pax8 is expressed in the thyroid of the adult organism and is involved in the activation of the genes for thyroglobulin and thyroperoxidase (Zannini et al., 1992).
- Pax genes and tumor development are not limited to embryonic development.
- the Pax-5 protein activates the CD19 gene (CD19 coding for a B-lymphocyte-specific protein) (Kozmik et al., 1992) and thus also takes on a function in the adult organism.
- Pax8 is expressed in the thyroid of the adult organism and is involved in the activation of the genes for thyroglobulin and thyroperoxidase (Zannini et al., 1992).
- Paxl Some members of the Pax gene family (Paxl, Pax2, Pax3, Pax6, Pax8) have been identified as proto-oncogenes due to their tumorigenic properties. The identification is based on transformation tests in which the above-mentioned Pax genes are overexpressed in NIH3T3 or 208 cells under the control of the cytomegalovirus promoter. Injections of the transformed 208 cells in nude mice lead to the appearance of sarcomas in almost all cases (Maulbecker & Gruss, 1993).
- Pax2 The expression of Pax2 was detected in Wilm's kidney tumors (Dressler & Douglass, 1992). Pax2 is necessary for the development of the kidney - however, the expression is downregulated during embryonic development and is not detectable in the healthy, adult kidney (Dressler et al., 1990).
- DE-A-42 25 569 discloses a therapeutic or diagnostic agent which contains at least one nucleic acid as the active substance which hybridizes with a Pax gene.
- Paxl to Pax ⁇ are mentioned as Pax genes.
- the use of such an agent is also described as a molecular probe in tumor diagnostics and as an antisense nucleic acid for inhibiting gene expression.
- a nucleic acid which codes for the amino acids under 30 to 337 according to SEQ ID NO: 1 and which hybridizes with a Pax9 gene or a gene derived therefrom, in the diagnosis and therapy of dysplasia, metaplasia and tumors of epithelial cells and cartilage cells can be used.
- Such a nucleic acid is particularly well suited for the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma.
- Such a diagnostic agent can be used for the early detection of epithelial dysplasia, metaplasia and tumors of the multilayer plate epithels can be used excellently. This enables, for example, early detection of macroscopic and microscopic (!) No pathological changes in the cells, early detection of dysplasias, that is to say possible precursors of metaplasias and tumors thereof Tissue to perform.
- the therapeutic or diagnostic agent according to the invention contains as active ingredient at least one nucleic acid which (a) a nucleic acid sequence coding for the Pax9 protein, (b) a part thereof, (c) one with a nucleic acid sequence from (a) and / or (b) nucleic acid sequence hybridizing under stringent conditions or (d) a nucleic acid sequence complementary to a nucleic acid from (a), (b) and / or (c).
- nucleic acid which (a) a nucleic acid sequence coding for the Pax9 protein, (b) a part thereof, (c) one with a nucleic acid sequence from (a) and / or (b) nucleic acid sequence hybridizing under stringent conditions or (d) a nucleic acid sequence complementary to a nucleic acid from (a), (b) and / or (c).
- the nucleic acid comprises the sequence coding for amino acids 1-208 and the sequence coding for amino acids 209-341 (see SEQ ID No: 1; Fig. Lb).
- sequence protocol begins with the nucleotide 5 actually sequenced (denoted by 1).
- the nucleic acid can be a DNA or RNA, which is optionally modified.
- the nucleic acid according to the invention preferably hybridizes to the Pax9 gene under stringent conditions.
- Stringent conditions are defined according to the invention in such a way that they enable selective and detectable specific binding of the nucleic acid to a Pax9 gene or a derivative thereof or a Pax9 transcript or a derivative thereof.
- Such a hybridization under Stringent conditions are preferably defined in that after hybridization at 42 ° C. in 50% formamide and subsequent washing of the filter at 65 ° C. in an aqueous solution, the probe is still bound to the Pax9 gene or the Pax9 RNA or However, when using shorter nucleic acids as probes it may be necessary to use less drastic hybridization and / or washing conditions .
- Highly stringent conditions are: washing the filter in 0.1x SSC, 0.1% SDS at 68 ° C.
- a nucleic acid sequence from the non-conserved area of the gene is to be used, ie preferably from the area not coding for the paired domain. The same applies to the inhibition of the Pax9 gene.
- the agent according to the invention can be used in an effective amount as a molecular probe in diganostics or therapy of dysplasia, metaplasia and tumors. Furthermore, it can be used as an antisense nucleic acid for the specific inhibition of the gene expression of the Pax9 gene.
- a method for tumor diagnosis and a method for inhibiting the expression of the Pax9 gene are furthermore provided which use the agent according to the invention in an effective amount.
- Another therapeutic or diagnostic agent provided according to the invention contains at least one active ingredient in an effective amount, which comprises at least one Pax9 protein, analogs, parts, conjugates, oligomers and / or mixtures thereof.
- Such an agent is used in an effective amount in the diagnosis and / or therapy of dysplasia, metaplasia and tumors of epithelial cells.
- a therapeutic or diagnostic agent contains at least one active ingredient which comprises at least one antibody against a Pax9 protein, analogs, parts, conjugates, oligomers and / or mixtures thereof.
- the therapeutic and diagnostic agent provided according to the invention with part of the Pax9 protein, analogs, conjugates, oligomers and / or mixtures thereof preferably has amino acids 132-341 and in a further preferred embodiment amino acids 251-341, each of which Fig. IB, (this counting method includes the amino acids not covered by the sequencing technique used; if these are not taken into account in the counting, the amino acids 130 - 337 or 249-337 are obtained), or the amino acids 130 - 337 or 249 - 337 according to SEQ ID No: 1.
- the therapeutic or diagnostic agent provided according to the invention has at least one active ingredient which contains at least one antibody, preferably a monoclonal antibody, against a Pax9 protein, analogs, parts, conjugates, oligomers and / or Mixtures thereof are included, and in specific embodiments of the invention these antibodies can be directed against epitopes which are in the regions 132-341 or 251-341 of the amino acid sequence of FIGS. IB or 130-337 or 249-337 according to SEQ ID No: 1 are localized.
- at least one antibody preferably a monoclonal antibody, against a Pax9 protein, analogs, parts, conjugates, oligomers and / or Mixtures thereof are included, and in specific embodiments of the invention these antibodies can be directed against epitopes which are in the regions 132-341 or 251-341 of the amino acid sequence of FIGS. IB or 130-337 or 249-337 according to SEQ ID No: 1 are localized.
- the Pax9 protein with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 1, analogs, parts, conjugates, oligomers and / or mixtures thereof are also provided.
- nucleotide sequence 1-627 and the amino acid sequence 1-208 (SEQ ID No: 1) have already been described in Stapleton (1993) and are not included in a special embodiment of the invention.
- the present invention also relates to DNA which is intended for the encoded standing Pax9 protein, and RNA, which is derived from this DNA.
- the antibodies according to the invention are preferably monoclonal antibodies, which are known in a known manner by the Köhler-Milstein method by immunizing a test animal, preferably a mouse, with the Pax9 protein and / or a mixture of Pax9 proteins, obtaining antibody-producing B- Cells or spleen cells from the immunized experimental animal and subsequent fusion of the antibody-producing cells with a suitable leukemia cell to generate hybridomas are available.
- the antibodies according to the invention can preferably be used in vitro and / or in vivo as agents in tumor diagnosis and / or tumor therapy.
- the antibodies can also be used as fragments (e.g. Fab or F (ab) 2 fragments) and optionally coupled to a detectable group (enzyme, fluorescent label, radioactive label, nuclear magnetic resonance label etc.) or to a toxin (e.g. ricin, diphtheria toxin etc.) become.
- Antibody derivatives of this type are produced in a manner known to those skilled in the field of immunology (for example by covalent coupling via a bi-functional linker).
- the invention also includes antibodies, in particular monoclonal antibodies, which are directed against a Pax9 protein, analogs, parts, conjugates, oligomers and / or mixtures thereof. These antibodies can be used in the methods provided according to the invention and in the claimed uses.
- the therapeutic or diagnostic agents provided according to the invention are used for the diagnosis or therapy of dysplasia, metaplasia and tumors of epithelial cells, preferably of the multilayered squamous epithelium and of cartilage cells.
- the diagnosis and therapy of changes in the esophagus, the skin, e.g. psoriasis, the oral mucus Skin, the tongue, the cornea, vagina, the cervix, the endometrium, the anus, the sebaceous glands of the skin and the cartilage are preferred areas of application.
- the early detection of dysplasia of epithelial cells is a possible area of use of the present invention.
- a metaplasia in the present case the conversion of an epithelium into a multilayer squamous epithelium, can theoretically occur anywhere in the body where "non-squamous epithelia" are present.
- the single layer epithelium of the trachea is often converted into a multi-layer squamous epithelium in smokers.
- Another important example is the conversion of the endometrial epithelium (normally one layer) into a multilayer squamous epithelium.
- the agent provided according to the invention which contains at least one active substance with at least one nucleic acid that hybridizes with a Pax9 gene or a derivative thereof.
- the Pax9 protein is localized in larger amounts in dysplasias of epithelial cells than in normal cells in the cytoplasm.
- recombinant vectors with a sequence coding for a Pax9 protein, an analog, parts, conjugates, oligomers and mixtures thereof, which in a preferred embodiment are in functional connection with one or more signal sequences for the directed transport of the Pax9 protein into the cell nucleus is used.
- This vector can be derived, for example, from a plasmid or from a viral vector.
- Usual, known in the field of gene therapy or still to be developed Vectors can be used according to the invention. This is preferably an expression vector which can be expressible both in pro- and in eukaryotic cells.
- the present invention also includes eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells which have been transformed with a vector which contains the Pax9 gene according to the invention.
- the vectors provided according to the invention with the Pax9 gene can be used for somatic gene therapy in humans. For example, they can be used for the terminal differentiation of tumor cells and tumor precursor cells.
- the invention also includes analysis kits for analyzing Pax9 expression in cartilage cells and epithelial cells, in particular of squamous epithelium, for dysplasia, metaplasia and tumors.
- Fig. IA the amino acid sequence of the human Pax9 protein with 341 amino acids.
- Fig. IB a comparison of the amino acid sequence of the Pax9 gene in humans (HUPax9) and the mouse (MPax9).
- Fig. 2 shows a Northern blot analysis
- Fig. 3 the detection of the Pax9 protein in protein extracts from the esophagus of the mouse and man (Western blot analysis).
- Fig. 4 the localization of the Pax9 protein in the healthy esophageal epithelium of the mouse (A-D) and humans (E-H).
- Fig. 8 the localization of the Pax9 protein in differentiating cartilage cells in the growing tubular bone of a 16.5-day-old mouse embryo.
- the length of the length standards shown in the figures is 100 ⁇ m.
- the existence of the Pax9 gene is proven in the genomes of the mouse (Wallin et al., 1993), humans (Stapleton et al., 1993) and the chicken (Peters et al., 1995).
- the amino acid sequence of the DNA-binding "paired" domain is identical in these organisms.
- the amino acid sequences of the Pax9 proteins of humans are combined from Stapleton et al., 1994 and Peters et al., Unpublished) and of the mouse (Neubüser et al., 1995) are shown in Fig. 1.
- the "paired" domain and another conserved sequence motif of 8 amino acids, the octapeptide, are framed in this figure.
- Pax9 is expressed in the epithelium of the undifferentiated pharynx during mouse and chicken embryonic development (Neubüser et al., 1995, Peters et al., 1995).
- the epithelium of the pharynx is involved in organogenesis of the esophagus in the further course of embryonic development (among others).
- the initially single-layer epithelium is converted into a multi-layer squamous epithelium that lines the entire esophagus in the adult organism.
- Pax9 is expressed in the multilayer squamous epithelium of the chicken esophagus (Peters et al., 1995), mouse and human (Peters et al., Unpublished). Multi-layered squamous epithelia also occur in the human organism in the skin, the oral mucosa, the tongue, the cornea, the vagina and in the anus. The sebaceous glands of the skin show a similar structure from epithelial cells. With the exception of the cornea, the expression of Pax9 could be detected in all of the organs mentioned above in the adult mouse. In the late phase of mouse embryonic development, Pax9 is also expressed in a specific phase of cartilage differentiation (Peters and Balling, unpublished).
- the cells expressing Pax9 mark the transition phase between the proliferating columnar cartilage and the layer of the differentiating bladder cartilage, which is ossified in the further course of development.
- it is not the proliferating but the differentiating cells that express Pax9 in cartilage cells.
- the present invention which resulted from the experiments described below, can thus be applied to these organs.
- the basis for the present invention is the analysis of the gene and protein expression of Pax9 in the multilayered squamous epithelium, in particular the healthy esophageal epithelium of humans and mice, and in cartilage cells of the growing tubular bone during the embryonic development of the mouse.
- the nucleotide sequence of the exon containing the "paired" box is known from the human Pax9 gene (Stapleton et al., 1993).
- the total RNA of the esophagus was transformed into the human coding Pax9 cDNA isolated.
- the isolation of total RNA was carried out using the "RNeasy Total RNA” kit (Qiagen, Hilden). Fresh section material from the Institute for Pathology at thesole der Isar Clinic, Kunststoff, was made available for this purpose, l ⁇ g of the total RNA was used for reverse transcription.
- the starting point for the reverse transcriptase was the synthetic DNA oligonucleotide 5 1 - CCCAAGCTTTGGACGCTCCCATCAGAGTGC-3 '(restriction site for Hindlll is underlined). This sequence was derived from the mouse Pax9 cDNA (Neubüser et al., 1995) and spans the stop codon and the last two carboxy-terminal amino acids of the murine Pax9 protein. The amplification of the human Pax9 cDNA was then carried out using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
- PCR polymerase chain reaction
- the oligonucleotide 5 '-CCCAAGCTTAGCCAGCCTTC GGGGAGGTG-3' was also used, which is derived from the 5 'region of the "paired" box of the human Pax9 gene (Stapleton et al., 1993) has been.
- the following conditions were observed for 25 amplification cycles: 1 min denaturation at 94 ° C; 1 min hybridization of the oligonucleotides at 60 ° C; 1 min DNA polymerization at 72 ° C.
- the DNA fragment obtained was digested with HindII and cloned into the restriction site HindIII of the plasmid pKS (Stratagene, Heidelberg). Sequencing was carried out using the Sequenase kit according to the manufacturer's instructions (USB, Cleveland, USA). The sequence of the derived amino acids and the comparison with the Pax9 protein of the mouse are shown in Fig. 1A and IB.
- Pax9 is expressed in the esophagus of the mouse, but no transcripts are detectable in the glandular stomach, small intestine and large intestine. Pax9 transcripts are also detectable in human esophagus (Fig. 2B).
- a comparison with the internal length standards of the ribosomal 28S-RNA (6333 bases) or 18S-RNA (2366 bases) showed that the transcript lengths of the human Pax9 gene are approx. 5.3 kilobases (upper band), 3.5 kilobases ( medium band) and 2.1 kilobases (lower band).
- Pax9 transcripts are translated and can be detected as Pax9 proteins in protein extracts of the esophagus.
- polyclonal antibodies directed against the Pax9 protein have been raised in rabbits.
- the cDNA sequence coding for amino acids 252-342 of the mouse Pax9 protein was cloned into the vector pMAL TM -c2 (New England Biolabs).
- the resulting plasmid, pMALP9 codes for a fusion protein consisting of a 42.7 kd maltose-binding protein from Escherichia coli (Guan et al., 1987) and the carboxy-terminal region of the Pax9 protein.
- the expression and the purification of the fusion protein were carried out according to the manufacturer's instructions (New England Biolabs).
- Two rabbits were immunized subcutaneously with 400 ⁇ g of the fusion protein in Freund's adjuvant. At intervals of four weeks, immunization was again carried out with 100 ⁇ g of the fusion protein.
- a second immune serum designated 105-IV, which recognizes the paired domain of the Pax9 protein (Peters et al., 1995), was used to confirm the specificity of the 281-IV immune serum.
- protein extracts from human or mouse esophagus were prepared according to known protocols (Peters et al., 1995), each 50 ⁇ g of a protein extract was separated on 12% polyacrylamide gels (Laemmli, 1970) and then by Transfer semi-dry electrical transfer to fluorotrans membranes (Pall, Dreieich).
- a protein size marker (Sigma, Kunststoff) was additionally applied to estimate protein sizes.
- PBS phosphate buffered saline
- the immune serum was then added in a dilution of 1: 200 and incubated at 21 ° C. for one hour.
- the membrane was then washed in 0.1% Tween20 in PBS for 20 min and then incubated at a dilution of 1: 2000 with a conjugate of anti-rabbit IgG and alkaline phosphatase (Boehringer, Mannheim).
- Fig. 3 shows the result of this Western blot analysis.
- Immune serum 281-IV detects a protein with an estimated molecular weight of approx. 39 kd in the protein extract from the esophagus of the mouse (Fig. 3, lane 1). This size corresponds to the molecular weight of the Pax9 protein to be derived from the amino acid sequence (39 kd, see Fig. 1). This result is ensured by using the second immune serum (105-IV), which recognizes the paired domain of Pax9 and detects a band at the same level (Fig. 3, lane 2). The immune serum 105-IV cross-reacts with the human Pax9 protein and also detects a protein with a molecular weight of approx. 39 kd in the protein extract from the human esophagus (Fig.
- Lanes 4 (protein extract from the mouse esophagus) and 5 (protein extract from the human esophagus) in Fig. 3 show the result of the control incubation with normal rabbit serum and demonstrate the specificity of the immune sera 281-IV and 105-IV. 3. Localization of the Pax9 protein in the healthy mouse and human esophageal epithelium
- the subcellular localization of the Pax9 proteins in the healthy esophageal epithelium of the mouse, humans and in the cartilage of the mouse embryo was determined using immunohistochemical methods.
- the same polyclonal antibodies as described in point 2 were used for these experiments.
- 5-7 ⁇ m thick paraffin sections from formalin-fixed tissue were dewaxed twice for 10 min in xylene, 5 min in isopropanol, 2 min each in 100% / 96% / 90% / 70% and 50% ethanol and then for 5 min equilibrated in PBS.
- the sections were pretreated for 10 min in 10 mM citric acid (pH 6.0) and boiled in the microwave.
- Sections were then carried out for 90 min at 37 ° C. in the antibody dilutions of the immune serum 281-IV or the pre-immune serum (1: 200 in PBS, 3% BSA) or 105-IV (1: 200 in PBS , 3% BSA, 15% normal sheep serum).
- Sections from mouse tissues were treated as follows: After washing for 5 min in PBS, a conjugate (1: 200 in PBS, 3% BSA diluted) of anti-rabbit IgG and alkaline phosphatase (Boehringer, Mannheim ) incubated.
- the sections were capped in glycerol gelatin (Merck, Darmstadt) for microscopy. Documentation was done on Kodak Ektachrome slide films using a Leitz Axioplan microscope and Normarski optics. To display the histology, sections from areas analogous to those above were dewaxed and stained with hematoxylin / eosin.
- the multilayered squamous epithelium of the human esophagus (Fig. 4 E) consists of a mitotically active, basal cell layer (Bz), which contains the stem cells, and the suprabasal cell layers (Sz) resulting from this layer, whose specific differentiations are the multilayered, hornless Build up squamous epithelium.
- Bz basal cell layer
- Sz suprabasal cell layers
- the esophagus of three mice was prepared, fixed and examined immunohistochemically by the method described above over a period of 24 hours at three hour intervals.
- Pax9 protein could be detected in the basal cell layer (without picture).
- the expression pattern corresponds in all cases to that shown in FIGS. 4B and 4C.
- the Pax9 protein is also located in the cell nuclei of the suprabasal cell layers (Fig. 4F and 4G).
- the control incubation with normal rabbit serum shows no specific staining (Fig. 4H).
- the Pax9 protein is located in the cell nuclei of the suprabasal layers. This local sation correlates with the terminal differentiation of these cells.
- Leukoplakia which are characterized by whitish, focal thickening of the mucosal epithelium, are considered to be precancerous. However, the polarity and differentiation of the epithelium is largely preserved (Fig. 5A) and comparable to that of the normal esophageal epithelium (see Fig. 4E).
- Figure 5B shows the location of the Pax9 protein in leukoplakia. As in the healthy esophageal epithelium, the Pax9 protein is localized in the cell nuclei of the suprabasal layers.
- Figure 5C shows the protein distribution of Pax9 from another area of the same tissue sample.
- squamous cell carcinomas of type G2 Fig. 6C, E, G
- G3 Fig. 7A, C, E
- the Pax9 protein is examined in all Cases predominantly localized in the cytoplasm.
- the results are shown as examples of squamous cell carcinomas of type G2 (Fig. 6D, F, H) or type G3 (Fig. 7B, D, F).
- the present invention provides a new diagnostic or therapeutic agent which contains at least one nucleic acid of the Pax9 gene as active substance and is particularly suitable for the early detection of dysplasia and metaplasia of the multilayered squamous epithelium as well as for tumor diagnosis and tumor therapy of squamous cell carcinoma. It is of particular importance that changes in Pax9 expression can already indicate precancerous lesions that only manifest themselves as tumors in the further course of the disease.
- osteoarthritis differentiation processes are initiated in this layer, which do not normally occur. Secondary cell division and subsequent chondrocyte hypertrophy can be found in the hyaline articular cartilage (Hoyland et al., 1991, van der Mark et al., 1992).
- Pax9 a transcription factor
- the immunohistochemical experiments carried out on the humerus of a 16.5-day-old mouse embryo in this study showed that Pax9 exactly marks the zone of maturation, which is between the phases of cell division and hypertrophy, at the molecular level (Fig. 8B).
- a comparable expression pattern was also observed in other skeletal elements (shoulder blade, vertebral body, fingers).
- the Pax9 protein is - in analogy to the findings in healthy esophageal epithelium - localized in the cell nuclei.
- DNA encoding a polypeptide described above which DNA can be optionally modified.
- RNA derived from this DNA the RNA being optionally modified.
- Monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies directed against an epitope of the polypeptides described above are provided.
- a recombinant vector with a DNA sequence according to the invention optionally in functional connection with one or more signal sequences for the directed transport of the polypeptide into the cell nucleus.
- the vector is preferably a plasmid or a viral vector, furthermore preferably an expression vector, preferably expressable in eukaryotic cells.
- a nucleic acid with (a) one for the sequence of amino acids No. 130-337 according to SEQ ID No. : 1, coding nucleic acid sequence or a part thereof, (b) a nucleic acid sequence hybridizing with a nucleic acid sequence from (a) under stringent conditions or (c) a nucleic acid sequence complementary to a nucleic acid from (a) and / or (b) or a polypeptide with an amino acid sequence No. 130- 337 according to SEQ ID No. : 1 or a part thereof or a polyclonal or monoclonal antibody against this sequence for the diagnosis or therapy of dysplasias, metaplasias and tumors of epithelial cells and cartilage cells.
- the sequence preferably comprises the amino acids No. 209-337 or 249-337 or 130-193 or 202-337 or a part thereof with the corresponding function according to SEQ ID No. : 1.
- the use is used for the diagnosis and therapy of changes in the epithelial cells of the esophagus, the skin, oral mucosa, tongue, cornea, vagina, the cervix, the endometrium, the anus and the sebaceous glands of the skin and the cartilage, for example for the diagnosis and therapy of Dysplasia of the multilayer squamous epithelium.
- the nucleic acid according to the invention can be used as an antisense nucleic acid to inhibit gene expression.
- the vector according to the invention can be used for somatic gene therapy.
- a method for the detection of tumors, metaplasias and dysplasias of epithelial and cartilage cells in vitro wherein a nucleic acid with (a) one for the sequence of amino acids No. 130-337 according to SEQ ID No. : 1, coding nucleic acid sequence or a part thereof, (b) a nucleic acid sequence hybridizing with a nucleic acid sequence from (a) under stringent conditions or (c) a nucleic acid sequence complementary to a nucleic acid from (a) and / or (b) or a against a polypeptide with the amino acid sequence 130-337 according to SEQ ID No. : 1 directed polyclonal or monoclonal antibody is brought into contact with a tissue sample containing the epithelial cells or cartilage cells to be analyzed in order to analyze the amount and / or the location of the expression of human Pax9 protein.
- the sequence preferably comprises amino acids No. 209-337 or 249-337 or 130-193 or 202-337 according to SEQ ID No.:l.
- the vector according to the invention can be used for the terminal differentiation of tumor cells or tumor precursor cells.
- polypeptide according to the invention or the nucleic acid according to the invention can be used in an analysis kit for analyzing Pax9 expression in epithelial cells and cartilage cells for dysplasias, metaplasias and tumors.
- a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell transformed with a vector according to the invention is a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell transformed with a vector according to the invention.
- a diagnostic or therapeutic agent at least containing a nucleic acid according to the invention or a polypeptide.
- a diagnostic agent that is designed as an analysis kit for analyzing Pax9 expression in epithelial cells and cartilage cells for dysplasias, metaplasias and tumors.
- a monoclonal antibody which is directed against an epitope of a polypeptide with the amino acids 130-193, 202-337, 202-248 or 249-337 (according to SEQ ID No: 1).
- nucleic acid sequences DNA or RNA sequences
- amino acid sequences and the monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies directed against them originate from the non-conserved regions of the Pax9 gene, i.e. from those areas which lie outside the restricted areas in the attached figure IB, preferably from the areas with the amino acids 130-193, 202-337, 202-248 and 249-337, and also partial areas of these sequences, for the use provided according to the invention and the method according to the invention can be used.
- Cartilage matrix protein is a marker for cartilage differentiation.
- Pax-2 is a DNA-binding protein expressed in embryonic kidney and Wilms tumor. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sei.USA 89, 1179-1183
- the promoter of the CD19 gene is a target for the B-cell-specific transcription factor BSAP. Mol.Cell.Biol. 12, 2662-2672
- Tassabehji M., Read, AP, Newton, VE, Harris, R., Balling, R., Gruss, P. & Strachan, T. (1992): Waardenburg's syndrome patients have mutations in the human homologue of the Pax-3 paired box gene. Nature 355, 635-638
- the paired box encodes a second DNA-binding domain in the paired homeo domain protein.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP9528952A JPH11506021A (ja) | 1996-02-12 | 1997-02-07 | 重層扁平上皮の上皮形成異常の初期診断および扁平上皮癌の腫瘍診断および腫瘍治療のための新規プローブ |
EP97903236A EP0820511A1 (de) | 1996-02-12 | 1997-02-07 | Sonde zur früherkennung von epithelialen dysplasien des mehrschichtigen plattenepithels sowie zur tumordiagnostik und tumortherapie |
US08/930,830 US6514712B1 (en) | 1996-02-12 | 1997-02-07 | Probe for the early detection of displasias in multilayer tesselated epithelium and for the diagnosis and therapy of carcinomas |
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DE19605105A DE19605105A1 (de) | 1996-02-12 | 1996-02-12 | Neue Sonde zur Früherkennung von epithelialen Dysplasien des mehrschichtigen Plattenepithels sowie zur Tumordiagnostik und Tumortherapie von Plattenepithelkarzinomen |
DE19605105.3 | 1996-02-12 |
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WO1997030153A1 true WO1997030153A1 (de) | 1997-08-21 |
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PCT/EP1997/000564 WO1997030153A1 (de) | 1996-02-12 | 1997-02-07 | Sonde zur früherkennung von epithelialen dysplasien des mehrschichtigen plattenepithels sowie zur tumordiagnostik und tumortherapie |
Country Status (5)
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US (1) | US6514712B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP0820511A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH11506021A (de) |
DE (1) | DE19605105A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1997030153A1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001087962A1 (fr) * | 2000-04-29 | 2001-11-22 | Shanghai Biowindow Gene Development Inc. | Nouveau polypeptide, proteine pax humaine 11, et polynucleotide codant ce polypeptide |
WO2001087961A1 (fr) * | 2000-04-29 | 2001-11-22 | Shanghai Biowindow Gene Development Inc. | Nouveau polypeptide, proteine pax humaine 11.4, et polynucleotide codant pour ce polypeptide |
WO2001087966A1 (fr) * | 2000-05-09 | 2001-11-22 | Shanghai Biowindow Gene Development Inc. | Nouveau polypeptide, proteine pax humaine 22, et polynucleotide codant pour ce polypeptide |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10159128A1 (de) * | 2001-07-13 | 2003-01-23 | Karsten Brand | Genregulatorische Elemente zur Gentherapie, zur Prävention und Diagnose von Metastasen bzw. zur Gentherapie von Tumoren |
US7330747B2 (en) * | 2005-06-07 | 2008-02-12 | Chemimage Corporation | Invasive chemometry |
US7330746B2 (en) * | 2005-06-07 | 2008-02-12 | Chem Image Corporation | Non-invasive biochemical analysis |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE4225569A1 (de) * | 1992-08-03 | 1994-02-10 | Max Planck Gesellschaft | Neue Sonde zur Tumordiagnostik oder Tumortherapie |
Family Cites Families (2)
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JPS56145222A (en) * | 1980-04-28 | 1981-11-11 | Toshiyuki Hamaoka | Improved antibody and its preparation |
US4474893A (en) * | 1981-07-01 | 1984-10-02 | The University of Texas System Cancer Center | Recombinant monoclonal antibodies |
-
1996
- 1996-02-12 DE DE19605105A patent/DE19605105A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1997
- 1997-02-07 JP JP9528952A patent/JPH11506021A/ja active Pending
- 1997-02-07 WO PCT/EP1997/000564 patent/WO1997030153A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-02-07 EP EP97903236A patent/EP0820511A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-02-07 US US08/930,830 patent/US6514712B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
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DE4225569A1 (de) * | 1992-08-03 | 1994-02-10 | Max Planck Gesellschaft | Neue Sonde zur Tumordiagnostik oder Tumortherapie |
Non-Patent Citations (6)
Title |
---|
MAULBECKER AND GRUSS: "The oncogenic potential of Pax genes.", EMBO JOURNAL, vol. 12, no. 6, 1993, pages 2361 - 2367, XP002031582 * |
NEUBÜSER A. ET AL.: "Characterization and developmental expression of Pax9, a paired-box containing gene related to Pax1.", DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY, vol. 170, 1995, pages 701 - 716, XP000672555 * |
PETERS ET AL.: "Isolation of the PAX9 cDNA from adult human esophagus.", MAMMALIAN GENOME, vol. 8, 1997, pages 62 - 64, XP000673784 * |
PETERS H. ET AL.: "Differential expression of the chicken Pax-1 and Pax-9 gene: In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analysis.", DEVELOMENTAL DYNAMICS, vol. 203, no. 1, 1995, pages 1 - 16, XP000674313 * |
STAPLETON P. ET AL.: "Chromosomal localization of seven PAX genes and cloning of a novel family member, PAX-9.", NATURE GENETICS, vol. 3, no. 4, April 1993 (1993-04-01), pages 292 - 298, XP000673782 * |
WALLIN J. ET AL.: "A new Pax gene, Pax-9 maps to mouse chromosome 12.", MAMMALIAN GENOME, vol. 4, 1993, pages 354 - 358, XP000673783 * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001087962A1 (fr) * | 2000-04-29 | 2001-11-22 | Shanghai Biowindow Gene Development Inc. | Nouveau polypeptide, proteine pax humaine 11, et polynucleotide codant ce polypeptide |
WO2001087961A1 (fr) * | 2000-04-29 | 2001-11-22 | Shanghai Biowindow Gene Development Inc. | Nouveau polypeptide, proteine pax humaine 11.4, et polynucleotide codant pour ce polypeptide |
WO2001087966A1 (fr) * | 2000-05-09 | 2001-11-22 | Shanghai Biowindow Gene Development Inc. | Nouveau polypeptide, proteine pax humaine 22, et polynucleotide codant pour ce polypeptide |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JPH11506021A (ja) | 1999-06-02 |
EP0820511A1 (de) | 1998-01-28 |
US6514712B1 (en) | 2003-02-04 |
DE19605105A1 (de) | 1997-08-14 |
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