WO1997018034A1 - Catalyseur pour la production d'alkyles aromatiques, et procede de production et utilisation desdits alkyles - Google Patents

Catalyseur pour la production d'alkyles aromatiques, et procede de production et utilisation desdits alkyles Download PDF

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WO1997018034A1
WO1997018034A1 PCT/CN1996/000101 CN9600101W WO9718034A1 WO 1997018034 A1 WO1997018034 A1 WO 1997018034A1 CN 9600101 W CN9600101 W CN 9600101W WO 9718034 A1 WO9718034 A1 WO 9718034A1
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Prior art keywords
catalyst
dehydrogenation
aromatic hydrocarbons
earth metal
rare earth
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PCT/CN1996/000101
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Liansheng Mao
Yiting Yuan
Qin Fan
Yongfan Xu
Cheng Yang
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China Petro-Chemical Corporation
Shanghai Research Institute Of Petrochemical Technology
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Application filed by China Petro-Chemical Corporation, Shanghai Research Institute Of Petrochemical Technology filed Critical China Petro-Chemical Corporation
Priority to DE69626139T priority Critical patent/DE69626139T2/de
Priority to EP96937974A priority patent/EP0956899B1/en
Publication of WO1997018034A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997018034A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/76Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/84Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/889Manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/8892Manganese
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/002Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C5/00Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
    • C07C5/32Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with formation of free hydrogen
    • C07C5/327Formation of non-aromatic carbon-to-carbon double bonds only
    • C07C5/333Catalytic processes
    • C07C5/3332Catalytic processes with metal oxides or metal sulfides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2523/00Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a catalyst for dehydrogenation of alkyl aromatics and a process for dehydrogenation of alkyl aromatics. More specifically, the catalyst of the present invention can be used for the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene and the preparation of diethylbenzene. Diethyleneben and methylethylbenzyl dehydrogenation to prepare methylbenzyl cockroach.
  • the production of unsaturated aromatic hydrocarbons in industry is usually obtained by catalytic dehydrogenation of alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons, and one of the keys to this production method is to select an efficient dehydrogenation catalyst.
  • the main components of the catalyst are divided into two categories:
  • the first type of catalyst is composed of iron-potassium-chromium as the main component, and other elements are added. Its characteristics are the feed water ratio (such as water vapor (Compared with ethylbenzene), low selectivity, generally not more than 94%, low conversion, and low overall yield of really ethylene.
  • US 4533650 discloses a catalyst system with iron potassium-chromium as the main component and the addition of a rare earth metal element.
  • the total yield of wrong ethylene obtained by using the catalyst system is also relatively low. Low, the highest is only 62.2%; the second type of catalyst is based on iron-potassium-cerium-molybdenum as the main component, and other elements are added.
  • the published Chinese patent ZL 9 110 9968.9 introduces the selectivity and conversion rate of this type of catalyst Higher than the former, but the overall yield of really ethylene is only about 70%.
  • industrial production requires the selectivity, conversion and yield of really ethylene to be higher.
  • dibenzyl dehydrogenation is the most typical, and its economic value is also very high. Therefore, people have been paying attention to the research on dibenzyl dehydrogenation catalysts.
  • people developed the first-generation ethylbenzene dehydrogenation catalyst which had a conversion rate of only about 50% and a selectivity of 90 to 92%.
  • the performance of the ethylbenzene dehydrogenation catalyst had been further improved, and the conversion rate It is 73%, and the selectivity can reach 94.5%.
  • the reaction for the dehydrogenation of dibenzyl to styrene is an equilibrium reaction.
  • the reaction to produce styrene is strengthened, the reverse reaction is also proceeding at the same time, which increases the difficulty of increasing the yield of dibenzyl ethylene.
  • the reaction of dehydrogenation of dibenzyl to styrene is a reaction in which one molecule generates two molecules, that is, a reaction of increasing volume.
  • water vapor was often added during the reaction to reduce the partial pressure of the reaction and improve the reaction yield. Water vapor plays the role of regeneration catalyst at high temperature.
  • the amount of water vapor added is related to the energy consumption of the plant. If a large amount of water vapor is added, the energy consumption of the plant will be large, and the production capacity will be reduced for the equipment. Therefore, we seek a catalyst that hopes to add a small amount of water vapor during the reaction process, that is, water vapor and alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons (such as ethylbenzene) ratio is low (called low water ratio). If the performance of the ethylene dehydrogenation catalyst is improved, the requirement for water ratio will be reduced. From the initial 3.0 (weight ratio) to 1.5 (weight ratio), the poor performance of the catalyst under low water ratio conditions, the conversion rate and selectivity drop quickly, or even deactivated, and cannot be regenerated.
  • water vapor and alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons Such as ethylbenzene
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a dehydrogenation catalyst for producing unsaturated aromatic hydrocarbons.
  • the catalyst is based on iron-potassium-molybdenum-magnesium-rare earth metal element as a main component, and various metal oxides are added. Can be selected from the alkaline earth metals, IB-VII B group and HI A-VA group in the periodic table of elements, and then add porogen and binder to make a catalyst, wherein the catalyst contains at least two rare earth metal elements.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for producing the unsaturated aromatic hydrocarbon by using the above-mentioned catalyst, which comprises an alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon at a reaction temperature of 550 to 650 Torr and a reaction pressure of normal pressure to ,
  • the weight ratio of water ratio is 0.6-2.5, the liquid space velocity is 0.3-1.0 hours under the conditions of dehydrogenation to obtain unsaturated aromatic hydrocarbons.
  • the catalyst used contains Fe 2 0 3 40 ⁇ 70%, K 2 0 10 ⁇ 40%, Mn0 3 0-5%, MgO
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an application of the above catalyst in the preparation of unsaturated aromatic hydrocarbons.
  • the catalyst can be used for the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to produce styrene, and the dehydrogenation of diethylbenzene to divinylbenzene. Benzene is dehydrogenated to make methylstyrene.
  • the composition (by weight percentage) of the dehydrogenation catalyst used in the production of unsaturated aromatic hydrocarbons of the present invention is: Fe 2 O 3 40 ⁇ 70%, K 2 0 10-40%, rare earth metal oxide 2 ⁇ 15%, ⁇ 0 30 to 5%, MgO 0.05 to 5%.
  • the iron used is added in the form of iron oxide.
  • the iron oxide is prepared from the acidic ferrous salt by oxidation.
  • the potassium used is added in the form of potassium salt.
  • the magnesium used is It is added in the form of magnesium oxide, and its content is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 4%.
  • the rare earth metal element used is selected from at least two kinds of Ce, La, Pr, Nd, and Sm.
  • the molybdenum used is added in the form of a molybdenum salt or oxide, and a variety of metal oxides are also added, which can be selected from Cu, Zn, Sc, Ti, W, Mn, Ni, At least one or more of Pd, Al, P, Bi, B, Sn, Pb, and Si oxides can be selected arbitrarily, the content of which is 0.001 to 5%, the preferred range is 0.002 to 2%, and the rest is Pore-forming agent and binder.
  • Pore-forming agent can be polystyrene microspheres, graphite or carboxymethyl cellulose. With binders such as cement and the like.
  • the catalyst composition contains Fe 2 0 3 : 40-70% by weight, K 2 0: 10 ⁇ 40%, Mn0 3 : 0-5%, MgO: 0.05 ⁇ 5%, And at least one oxide selected from Cu, Zn, Sc, Ti, W, Mn, Ni, Pd, Al, P, Bi, B, Sn, Pb, and Si at 0.001 to 5%.
  • the catalyst also contains at least one rare earth metal other than cerium, which contains The amount is 2-15% in terms of oxides.
  • the present invention uses two or more kinds of rare earth metal elements to be added to the catalyst, and it is surprisingly found that it improves the yield of the original catalyst by several percentage points, and the selectivity still maintains a high level.
  • Adding rare earth metal elements The amount is preferably from 2 to 15%. If the content of the rare earth metal element is less than 2%, the dispersion is insufficient and cannot function as a stable component; if the amount exceeds 15%, the distribution of the rare earth metal is too dense and it will Reduce conversion.
  • the preferred elements of the rare earth metal elements are La, Pr, Nd, and Sm, and the content of the rare earth metal elements in the catalyst preferably ranges from 3 to 8% by weight in terms of oxides.
  • the catalyst of the present invention a combination of various elements is used, in which iron and potassium are the main active components, and under potassium promoter, a better activity is obtained by the electron transfer of Fe +2 and Fe +3 .
  • Magnesium and rare earth metal elements play a role in dispersing and stabilizing the catalyst components.
  • An appropriate amount of molybdenum is beneficial to the selectivity of the catalyst.
  • the addition of IB-Vffl group B and 111 AVA elements can reduce the reduction temperature of the catalytic reaction.
  • the above-mentioned various elements are combined in a proportion required by the present invention, and satisfactory effects can be obtained.
  • the dehydrogenation catalyst of the present invention is applicable to the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene, diethylbenzene, and methylethylbenzene to styrene, divinylbenzene, and methylstyrene under certain process conditions.
  • the catalyst of the present invention has higher activity and product yield than the currently used industrial dehydrogenation catalysts, and has strong self-regeneration ability. It does not need regeneration in normal use. It is suitable for low water such as 1.3 (water ratio Less than 1.5) long-term use, especially during the reaction, even if the steam feed is stopped suddenly for a short time (within 20 minutes), the catalyst will not be deactivated, and the original conversion rate and selectivity can still be maintained It shows that the catalyst of the present invention has high self-regeneration ability.
  • the preferred range of the reaction temperature is 600-630 TC
  • the preferred range of the reaction pressure is -0.02- -0.05MPa
  • the preferred weight ratio of the water ratio is 1.0-1.5
  • liquid The preferred range of space velocity is 0.4-0.6 hours.
  • the preferred range of weight percentage of MgO is 0.5-4%.
  • the oxides of B, Sn, Pb, and Si are preferably in the range of 0.002-2% by weight
  • the optional rare earth metal elements are Ce, La, Pr, Nd, and Sm.
  • the content of the rare earth metal compound A preferred range is 3 to 8% by weight of oxide.
  • the catalyst prepared according to the above method was evaluated for activity in an isothermal fixed bed.
  • the process is briefly described as follows:
  • the deionized water and ethylbenzene were input into a preheating mixer through a metering pump, and then preheated and mixed into a gaseous state and entered the reactor.
  • the reactor was heated by a heating wire to reach a predetermined temperature.
  • the inner diameter of the reactor was ⁇ (about 25.4 mm).
  • the stainless steel tube can be filled with 100 liters of catalyst with a particle diameter of 3 mm, and the reactants flowing out of the reactor are condensed by water and analyzed by gas chromatography.
  • Ethylbenzene conversion% (Ethylbenzene content before reaction (wt%)-Ethylbenzene content after reaction
  • Styrene selectivity% (Styrene content (wt%)) ⁇
  • reaction pressure was normal pressure and the liquid space velocity was 1.0 liter ethylbenzene / liter catalyst-hour.
  • Reaction temperature 620 water ratio (water / ethylbenzene) 2.0 (weight ratio)
  • Example 1 270 grams of iron oxide, 72 grams of cerium nitrate, 30 grams of erbium nitrate, 10 grams of lanthanum nitrate, 16 grams of ammonium molybdate, 130 grams of potassium carbonate, 8 grams of magnesium oxide, 9 grams of nickel oxide, 0.9 grams of copper oxide, 0.1 grams of oxide Boron, 0.9 g of titanium oxide, 0.1 g of tin oxide, 0.1 tungsten oxide, 22 g of cement, 9 g of carboxymethyl cellulose, and a catalyst was prepared according to the method of Example 1. The evaluation was carried out according to the evaluation device and conditions of Example 1. The difference was that the reaction temperature was 600 X, and the water ratio was 1.5 (weight ratio). The evaluation results were: ethylbenzene conversion rate was 68.53%, ethylbenzyl selectivity was 95.76%, and ethylbenzylbenzene was collected. The rate is 65.62%.
  • the evaluation result was: the conversion rate of ethylbenzene was 80.5%, The selectivity of really ethylene is 96.08%, and the yield of really ethylene is 77.00%. If the water ratio is reduced to 1.3 (weight ratio), the conversion rate of ethylbenzene is 76.82%, the selectivity of styrene is 95.14%, and the yield of styrene is
  • Example 4 The catalyst composition according to Example 4 was used, and the evaluation conditions of Example 1 were used. Evaluation results: Ethylbenzene conversion was 79.68%, selectivity of styrene was 95.38%, and yield of styrene was 75.99%. Then, the evaluation according to Example 1 was still performed. Equipment and conditions: Ethylbenzene was continuously passed. After stopping water supply for 20 minutes, water vapor was continued to conduct the reaction. Evaluation results: Ethylene conversion was 79.46% and ethylene selectivity was 95.25. /. The yield of useless ethylene was 75.68%, indicating that the catalyst of the present invention has a strong self-regeneration ability.
  • Example 1 290 g of iron oxide, 60 g of potassium carbonate, 30 g of gadolinium oxalate, 8.5 g of molybdenum oxide, 7 g of magnesium oxide, 0.9 g of copper oxide, 37 g of cement, and 4.5 g of carboxymethyl cellulose were used according to the steps of Example 1.
  • a catalyst was prepared and evaluated for activity. Evaluation results: Ethylene conversion was 72.8%, ethylene selectivity was 95.28%, and ethylene yield was
  • the catalyst was prepared by the method of Example 1. The activity was evaluated according to the evaluation conditions of Example 1. The evaluation results: the conversion of ethylbenzene was 76.65%, the selectivity of styrene was 95.40%, and the yield of styrene was 73.12%.
  • This example is a comparative example of Example 5.
  • a rare earth metal element is used, and in Example 5, multiple rare earth metal elements are used.
  • Metal catalysts are significantly better than catalysts using only one rare earth metal element.
  • a catalyst was prepared by the method of Example 1.
  • a catalyst of 100 ml and a particle diameter of 3 mm was placed in an isothermal reactor with an inner diameter of 1 "(approximately 25.4 mm) to evaluate the activity.
  • the evaluation condition was a reaction temperature of 600 water ratio (water / Diethylbenzene was 4.0 (weight ratio). Evaluation results: Diethylbenzene conversion was 46.05%, divinylbenzene selectivity was 91.50%, and diethylenebenzene yield was 42.14'1 ⁇ 4.
  • the catalyst prepared according to Example 1 was evaluated according to the evaluation method of Example 1, except for the evaluation device and conditions: the reaction pressure was -0.02 MPa, the liquid space velocity was 0.3 liters of ethylene per liter of catalyst hours, and the reaction temperature was 580 ° C. Water ratio (water / ethylbenzene) is 1.0
  • Example 3 The catalyst prepared in Example 3 was evaluated according to the evaluation method of Example 1, except for the evaluation conditions and equipment: the reaction pressure was -0.05 MPa, the liquid space velocity was 0.4 liters of ethylene / liter catalyst, and the reaction temperature was water. The ratio (water / ethylben) is 1.3 (weight ratio). Evaluation results: Ethylbenzyl conversion rate of 80.80%, ethylbenzyl selectivity of 94.76%, ethylbenzyl yield of 76.57%,
  • Example 3 The catalyst prepared in Example 3 was evaluated according to the evaluation method of Example 1, except that the evaluation device and conditions were a reaction pressure of -0.07 MPa, a liquid space velocity of 0.6 liters of ethylene / liter catalyst, and a reaction temperature of 650.
  • the water ratio (water / ethylben) is 2.5 (weight ratio).
  • the catalyst of the present invention is prepared by adding a variety of metal oxides, porogens and binders in an iron potassium-molybdenum-magnesium-rare earth metal element (at least two) system.
  • the hydrogen catalyst combined with its proper process conditions has reached a low water ratio (for example, when the water ratio is 1.3) and still has high conversion and selectivity. And the product yield, and has a strong self-regeneration ability.
  • the catalyst of the invention also has the advantages of simple production, short reaction induction period, and large operation flexibility.

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Description

用于烷基芳烃脱氨的催化剂和制备方法及用途 技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于烷基芳烃脱氢的催化剂及其用于烷基芳 烃脱氢的工艺, 更具体地, 本发明的催化剂可用于乙笨脱氢制备 笨乙烯, 二乙苯脱氢制备二乙烯笨和甲基乙笨脱氢制备甲基笨乙 蟑.
背景技术
众所周知, 通常工业上生产不饱和芳烃是由烷基芳烃催化 脱氢制得, 而该生产方法的关键之一是选择一种高效的脱氢催 化剂。 据有关资料报道, 以催化剂的主要组成来划分, 催化剂 可分为二大类: 第一类催化剂是由铁 -钾-铬为主要成分, 再 添加其他元素, 其特点是投料水比 (如水蒸汽与乙苯比) 低, 选择性不高, 一般不超过 94 % , 转化率也低, 笨乙烯总收率较 低。 例如 US 4533650公开了铁 钾-铬为主要成分, 再添加稀 土金属元素的催化剂体系, 由于该体系一方面含有铬的有毒成 份, 另一方面用该催化剂体系制得的笨乙烯总收率也较低, 最 高仅 62.2%; 第二类催化剂是以铁 -钾-铈-钼为主要成分, 再添加其他元素, 例如已公开的中国专利 ZL 9 110 9968.9介绍 了这类催化剂的选择性和转化率比前者高, 但其笨乙烯总收率 仅 70 %左右. 一般说来, 工业生产要求笨乙烯的选择性、 转化 率、 收率越高越好。
在生产不饱和芳烃的脱氢技术中, 乙笨脱氢是最具典型 的, 而且其经济价值也很高, 所以人们一直关注对乙笨脱氢催 化剂的研究。 半个世纪以前, 人们开发了第一代乙苯脱氢催化 剂, 它的转化率只有 50 %左右, 选择性为 90 ~ 92 %。 到了八 十年代, 乙苯脱氢的催化剂在性能上有了进一步提高, 转化率 为 73 % , 选择性可达到 94.5%。 众所周知, 乙笨脱氢生成苯乙 烯的反应是平衡反应, 在生成苯乙烯的反应加强时, 逆反应同 时也在进行, 这就增加了提高笨乙烯收率的难度。 近十年来, 科学家们对该种反应的催化剂作了更深入的研究, 但收效一直 甚微, 催化剂的转化率和选择性一直在原有水平上徘徊。 另外, 乙笨脱氢生成苯乙烯的反应是由一分子生成二分子的反应, 也 就是体积增加的反应。 为了提高反应的速率, 过去往往在反应 过程中加入水蒸汽以降低乙笨的反应分压, 提高反应收率。 水 蒸汽在高温下有再生催化剂的作用, 水蒸汽加入量的多少与工 厂的能耗有关。 如果水蒸汽加入量多, 工厂能耗就大, 对设备 而言, 生产能力降低, 所以我们寻求一种希望在反应过程中适 用加入少量水蒸汽的催化剂,也就是要求水蒸汽与烷基芳烃(如 乙苯) 之比低 (称之为低水比) 。 如果乙笨脱氢催化剂的性能 提高, 水比的要求就会降低。 从最初的 3.0 (重量比)逐渐降到 了 1.5 (重量比), 性能差的催化剂在低水比条件下, 转化率与 选择性下降很快, 甚至失活, 而不能再生.
由于工业上乙笨脱氢生产苯乙烯的生产规模很大, 其年产 量大都是上万吨至几十万吨, 因此, 对于脱氢催化剂在性能上 作微小的改进, 就能使企业获得很大的收益。 即使通过改进催 化剂提高收率一个百分点, 对一个万吨级规模的工业装置来 说, 不需改动任何设备, 不需要增加投资, 一年就可净增加几 百吨的产品, 提高了搡作效率, 也降低了原料消耗和能耗。 因 此, 在寻求适用于低水比的催化剂的同时, 又要提高催化剂的 转化率和选择性, 是人们一直关注的研究课题.
发明的公开
本发明的目的是提供一种用于生产不饱和芳烃的脱氢催化剂, 该催化剂是以铁 -鉀-钼 -镁-稀土金属元素为主要组份, 加入了 多种金属氧化物,其金属元素可从元素周期表中的碱土金属、 IB - VII B族和 HI A - V A族中选用, 再添加致孔剂和粘结剂制成催化 剂, 其中该催化剂中含有至少二种稀土金属元素. 本发明的另一个目的是提供一种上述催化剂用于生产不饱和芳 烃的工艺, 它包括由烷基芳烃在反应温度为 550 ~ 650匸, 反应压 力为常压~
Figure imgf000005_0001
,水比的重量比为 0.6-2.5,液体空速为 0.3-1.0 小时 的条件下脱氢制得不饱和芳烃。 所用的催化剂以重量百分比 计含有 Fe203 40 ~ 70 % , K20 10 ~ 40 %, Mn03 0-5%, MgO
0.05~5%的至少一种选自 Cu 、 Zn 、 Sc、 Ti、 W 、 Mn、 Ni 、
Pd、 Al、 P 、 Bi、 B、 Sn 、 Pb、 Si的氧化物以及以氧化物计 为 2 ~ 15 %的至少二种稀土金属元素的化合物.
本发明的还一个目的是提供一种上述催化剂在制备不饱和芳烃 中的应用, 该催化剂可用于乙苯脱氢制备苯乙烯、 二乙笨脱氢制得 二乙烯苯, 亦可用于甲基乙苯脱氢制得甲基苯乙烯.
发明的详细公开
本发明用于生产不饱和芳烃的脱氢催化剂在组成上(按重量百 分比计)为: Fe2O3 40~70%、 K20 10 - 40 %、稀土金属氧化物 2 ~ 15 %、 Μο03 0 ~ 5 %、 MgO 0 .05 ~ 5%, 其中所用的铁以氧化 铁的形式加入, 氧化铁由酸性亚铁盐经氧化制得; 其中所用的钾以 钾盐形式加入; 所用的镁以镁的氧化物的形式加入, 其含量较好的 范围为 0.5~4%, 所用的稀土金属元素选自 Ce、 La 、 Pr、 Nd 、 Sm 中的至少二种, 其加入的含量范围以氧化物计, 较好为 3 - 8 % ; 所用的钼以钼盐或氧化物的形式加入, 同时还加入多种金属氧 化物, 可选自 Cu、 Zn、 Sc、 Ti、 W、 Mn、 Ni、 Pd 、 Al、 P、 Bi 、 B 、 Sn、 Pb 、 Si元素的氧化物中任意选用其中的至少 一种或几种, 其含量为 0.001~5%, 较好范围为 0.002~2%, 其余为 致孔剂和粘结剂, 致孔剂可以是聚苯乙烯微球, 石墨或羧甲基纤维 素, 粘结剂选用常用的粘结剂例如水泥等。
本发明的另一种优选方案是催化剂组成以重量百分比计含 Fe203 : 40 - 70 % , K20: 10 ~ 40 %, Mn03 : 0-5%, MgO : 0.05~5%,以及 0.001 ~ 5 %的至少一种选自 Cu、 Zn、 Sc、 Ti、 W、 Mn 、 Ni、 Pd、 Al 、 P、 Bi , B、 Sn、 Pb、 Si元素的 氧化物。 在该催化剂中还含有除铈以外的至少一种稀土金属, 其含 量以氧化物计为 2 - 15 % .
本发明使用了二种或二种以上的稀土金属元素加入到催化剂 中, 惊奇地发现它比原有的催化剂收率提高了几个百分点, 选择性 仍保持较高的水准. 稀土金属元素的加入量以 2 - 15 %为宜, 若稀 土金属元素的含量低于 2 %, 则分散度不够, 不能起到稳定组分的 作用; 如果加入量超过 15 % , 稀土金属的分布过于稠密, 将会使转 化率下降。
在本发明的催化剂中, 稀土金属元素的优选元素为 La、 Pr、 Nd、 Sm , 在催化剂中稀土金属元素的含量优选范围以氧化物计为 3 - 8 % (重量) .
在本发明的催化剂中, 使用了多种元素的组合, 其中铁和钾是 主要活性组份, 在钾助催化作用下, 通过 Fe+2和 Fe+3的电子转移获 得较好的活性。 镁和稀土金属元素对催化剂组份起到分散和稳定的 作用, 适量加入钼有利于催化剂的选择性。 IB - Vffl Β族和 111 A V A族元素的加入可降低催化反应的还原温度。 上述各种元素按本 发明要求的比例组合, 可得到令人满意的效果。
本发明的催化剂制备方法:
将按配比称量的 Fe、 K、稀土金属元素、 Mo、减土金属、 B 族元素、 A族元素、 粘结剂、 致孔剂混合均勾后, 加入适量的脱离 子水, 制成有粘性、 适合挤条的面团状物, 经挤条、 切粒成直径为 3 毫米、 长 8 ~ 10毫米的颗粒, 然后, 在 500 ~ 1000 下焙烧 3 - 10小时, 就可获得成品催化剂.
本发明的脱氢催化剂, 在一定的工艺条件下, 可适用于乙苯、 二乙苯、 甲基乙苯脱氢生成苯乙烯、 二乙烯苯和甲基苯乙烯。
本发明的催化剂比目前工业上使用的脱氢催化剂具有更高的活 性与产物收率, 又有较强的自再生能力, 正常使用中不需再生, 它 适于在低水比如 1.3 (水比小于 1.5 )的条件下长期使用, 特别是在 反应过程中, 即使短时间 ( 20分钟以内) , 突然停止水蒸汽进料, 催化剂也不会失活, 仍可保持原有的转化率和选择性, 说明本发明 的催化剂具有较高的自再生能力。 在与本发明催化剂配套的生产不饱和芳烃工艺中, 反应温度的 优选范围为 600 - 630 TC , 反应压力优选范围为 -0.02— -0.05MPa , 水比的重量比优选范围为 1.0-1.5 , 液体空速优选范围为 0.4-0.6小 时 MgO的重量百分含量的优选范围为 0.5-4%, 至少一种选自 Cu 、 Zn、 Sc、 Ti、 W、 Mn、 Νί、 Pd、 Al、 P、 Bi、 B、 Sn、 Pb、 Si的氧化物以重量百分比计优选范围为 0.002-2%,可选 择的稀土金属元素为 Ce、 La、 Pr、 Nd、 Sm .在催化剂组成中, 稀土金属化合物的含量以氧化物重量百分比计优选范围为 3 - 8 %。
按上述方法制得的催化剂在等温式固定床中进行活性评价, 对 乙苯脱氢制苯乙烯活性评价而言, 简述过程如下:
将脱离子水和乙苯分别经计量泵输入预热混合器, 预热混合成 气态后进入反应器, 反应器采用电热丝加热, 使之达到预定温度, 反应器内径为 Γ (约 25.4毫米) 的不锈钢管, 内可装填 100亳升、 粒径为 3毫米的催化剂, 由反应器流出的反应物经水冷凝后用气相 色谱仪分析其组成.
乙苯转化率和苯乙烯选择性按以下公式计算:
乙苯转化率% = (反应前乙苯含量( wt% ) -反应后乙苯含量
( t% ) ) ÷反应前乙苯含量( wt% )
苯乙烯选择性% = (生成的苯乙烯含量( wt% ) ) ÷
(反应前乙苯含量 ( wt% ) -反应后乙苯含量( wt% ) ) 下面实施例进一步描述本发明。
【实施例 1】
将 279克氧化铁、 54克碳酸钾、 50克草酸铈、 10克草酸钕、 9 克氧化镁、 0.9克氧化铜、 35克水泥、 4.1克羧甲基纤维素在捏和机中 搅拌 1 - 6小时, 取出挤条、 挤成直径 3毫米、 长 8 - 10毫米的顆粒, 然后置于焙烧炉中, 于 600 焙烧 6小时制得催化剂。 将 100毫升、 粒 径为 3毫米的催化剂放入内径 Γ (约 25.4毫米)的等温反应器, 进行活 性评价.评价条件是反应压力为常压,液体空速 1.0升乙苯 /升催化剂 -小 时, 反应温度 620 , 水比(水 /乙苯) 2.0 (重量比), 评价结果: 乙 苯转化率 78.20%, 苯乙烯选择性 95.35%, 苯乙烯收率 74.5%.
【实施例 2】
将 175克氧化铁、 97克碳酸钟、 30克草酸錚 ( 7.38% ) 、 30克 草酸镨、 5.5克钼酸铵、 6克氧化镁、 0.5克硝酸钴、 15克水泥、 6克 羧甲基纤维素, 按实施例 1方法制成催化剂, 按实施例 1的评价装置及 条件进行评价, 评价结果: 乙苯转化率 79.40%, 苯乙晞选择性 95.60%, 苯乙烯收率 75.90%.
【实施例 3】
将 275克氧化铁、 80克碳酸钾、 3克钼酸铈、 4克钼酸镨、 3克 钼酸钕、 8克氧化锾、 20克硝酸铋、 0.9克氧化铜、 22克水泥、 8克 羧甲基纤维素, 按实施例 1方法制得催化剂, 按实施例 1的同样的装置 条件评价活性, 评价结果: 乙苯转化率: 79.69% , 苯乙浠选择性 95.41%, 笨乙烯收率 76.03%.
【实施例 4】
将 270克氧化铁、 72克硝酸铈、 30克硝酸钐、 10克硝酸 镧、 16克钼酸铵、 130克碳酸钾、 8克氧化镁、 9克氧化镍、 0.9 克氧化铜、 0.1克氧化硼、 0.9克氧化钛、 0.1克氧化锡、 0.1氧 化钨、 22克水泥、 9克羧甲基纤维素, 按实施例 1方法制得催化 剂。 按实施例 1的评价装置与条件进行评价, 不同的是反应温度 采用 600 X, 水比 1.5 (重量比),评价结果: 乙苯转化率 68.53%, 笨乙烯选择性 95.76%, 笨乙晞收率 65.62%.
【实施例 5】
将 270克氧化铁、 130克碳酸钾、 8克钼酸铵、 48克硝酸 铈、 50克硝酸镨、 20克 4酸钕、 10克硝酸镧、 5克氧化镁、 2.35克氧化锌、 0.1氧化钯、 0.1克氧化铅、 22克水泥、 9克羧 甲基纤维素, 按实施例 1方法制得催化剂, 按实施例 1的评价装 置及条件进行评价, 评价结果: 乙笨转化率 80.15%, 笨乙烯选择 性 96.08%,笨乙烯收率 77.00%,如果将水比降低到 1.3 (重量比), 则乙苯转化率 76.82%, 苯乙烯选择性 95.14%, 苯乙烯收率
73.08%。 【实施例 6】
按实施例 4的催化剂组成, 使用实施例 1的评价条件, 评价 结果: 乙苯转化率 79.68%, 笨乙烯选择性 95.38%, 笨乙烯收率 为 75.99%. 然后, 仍按实施例 1的评价装置及条件, 继续通乙苯, 停供水蒸汽 20分钟后, 继续通入水蒸汽进行反应, 评价结果: 乙 笨转化率 79.46%, 笨乙烯选择性 95.25。/。, 笨乙烯收率 75.68%, 说明本发明的催化剂具有很强的自再生能力。
【实施例 7】
将 290克氧化铁、 60克碳酸钾、 30克草酸镨、 8.5克氧化 钼、 7克氧化镁、 0.9克氧化铜、 37克水泥、 4.5克羧甲基纤维 素, 按实施例 1的各步骤制成催化剂, 且进行活性评价。 评价结 果: 乙笨转化率 72.8%, 笨乙烯选择性 95.28%, 笨乙烯收率
69.36%.
【实施例 8】
将 275克氧化铁、 70克碳酸钾、 3.8克钼酸镨、 4.1克硝酸 镧、 6克氧化镁、 0.5克硝酸钴、 1.0克氧化铜、 25克水泥、 7 克羧甲基纤维素, 按实施例 1的方法制得催化剂, 按实施例 1的 评价条件评价活性, 评价结果: 乙笨转化率 76.65%, 苯乙烯选择 性 95.40%, 苯乙烯收率为 73.12%。
【实施例 9】
将 270克氧化铁、 130克碳酸钾、 8克钼酸铵、 48克硝酸 铈、 5克氧化镁、 2.35克氧化锌、 0.1克氧化钯、 0.1克氧化铅、 22克水泥、 9克羧甲基纤维素, 按实施例 1的方法制得催化剂, 按实施例 1的评价条件进行评价, 乙笨转化率为 76.35%, 笨乙烯 选择性为 95.5%, 笨乙烯收率为 72.91。/»,
本实施例为实施例 5的比较例。 本实施例选用一种稀土金属 元素, 而实施例 5选用了多种稀土金属元素, 通过对两者的乙苯 转化率、 苯乙烯选择性和笨乙烯收率的比较, 可以发现选用多种 稀土金属元素的催化剂在催化性能上明显优于只用一种稀土金属 元素的催化剂. 【实施例 10】
将 275克氧化铁、 70克碳酸钾、 3.8克钼酸镨、 4.1克硝酸 镧、 6克氧化镁、 0.5克硝酸钴、 1.0克氧化铜、 25克水泥、 7 克羧甲基纤维素, 按实施例 1的方法制得催化剂. 将 100毫升、 粒径为 3毫米的催化剂放入内径 1 " (约 25.4毫米)的等温反应器, 进行活性评价. 评价条件是反应温度 600 水比(水 /二乙笨) 为 4.0 (重量比) , 评价结果: 二乙笨转化率 46.05 %, 二乙烯苯 选择性为 91.50 % , 二乙烯笨收率为 42.14'¼。
【实施例 11 】
按实施例 1制得的催化剂,按实施例 1的评价方法进行评价, 只是评价装置及条件:反应压力为 -0.02MPa, 液体空速为 0.3升乙 笨 /升催化剂 小时, 反应温度为 580 、 水比(水 /乙苯) 为 1.0
(重量比) 。 评价结果: 乙笨转化率 56.90%, 笨乙烯选择性
97.40%, 苯乙烯收率 55.42%。
【实施例 12】
将实施例 3制得的催化剂,按实施例 1的评价方法进行评价, 只是评价条件及装置: 反应压力为 -0.05MPa, 液体空速为 0.4升 乙笨 /升催化剂 ■ 小时, 反应温度为 水比(水 /乙笨) 为 1.3 (重量比) 。 评价结果: 乙笨转化率 80.80%, 笨乙烯选择性 94.76%, 笨乙烯收率 76.57%,
【实施例 13】
将实施例 3制得的催化剂,按实施例 1的评价方法进行评价, 只是评价装置及条件为反应压力为 -0.07MPa , 液体空速为 0.6升 乙笨 /升催化剂 · 小时, 反应温度为 650 水比(水 /乙笨) 为 2.5 (重量比) 。 评价结果: 乙笨转化率 83.45。/,, 笨乙烯选择性 93.76%, 苯乙烯收率 78.240/0
各实施例说明: 本发明的催化剂, 在铁 钾 -钼-镁-稀土 金属元素 (至少二种) 体系中, 添加了多种金属氧化物、 致孔剂 和粘结剂, 所制成的脱氢催化剂结合其合适的工艺条件, 达到了 适用于低水比(如水比为 1.3时) 仍具有高的转化率和选择性以 及产物收率, 又有很强的自再生能力, 同时, 本发明的催化剂还 具有制作简单、 反应诱导期短、 搡作弹性大等优点。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1.一种用于生产不饱和芳烃的脱氢催化剂, 其特征在于按组 成以重量百分比计含有 Fe203 : 40 ~ 70 % , K20: 10 - 40 % , Mn03 : 0-5%, MgO: 0.05~5%及 0.00卜 5%的至少一种选自 Cu、 Zn、 Sc、 Ti、 W、 Mn、 Ni、 Pd、 Al、 P、 Bi、 B、 Sn、 Pb和 Si元素的氧化物, 该催化剂中还含有至少二种稀土金属 元素的化合物, 其含量以氧化物计为 2 ~ 15 % .
2.根据权利要求 1所述用于生产不饱和芳烃的脱氢催化剂, 其 特征在于 MgO的重量百分含量为 0.5〜4%.
3.根据权利要求 1所述用于生产不饱和芳烃的脱氢催化剂, 其 特征在于至少一种选自 Cu、 Zn、 Sc、 Ti、 W、 Mn、 Ni、 Pd、 Al、 P、 Bi、 B、 Sn、 Pb和 Si元素的氧化物的含量以重量百分 比计为 0.002~2%。
4.根据权利要求 1所述用于生产不饱和芳烃的脱氢催化剂, 其 特征在于催化剂中的稀土金属元素选自 Ce、 La、 Pr、 Nd、
Sm。
5.根据权利要求 1所述用于生产不饱和芳烃的脱氢催化剂, 其特征在于催化剂中稀土金属元素化合物, 其含量以氧化物计为 3 - 8 % 。
6.—种用于生产不饱和芳烃的脱氢催化剂, 其特征在于催化剂 组成以重量百分比计含有 Fe203 : 40 ~ 70 % , K20: 10 - 40 % , Mo03 : 0-5%, MgO: 0.05~5%及 0.00卜 5%的至少一种选 自 Cu、 Zn、 Sc . Ti、 W、 Mn、 Ni、 Pd、 Al、 P、 Bi、 B、 Sn、 Pb和 Si元素的氧化物, 还含有除铈以外的至少一种稀土金属 元素, 其含量以氧化物计为 2 - 15 % ,
7.根据权利要求 6所述用于生产不饱和芳烃的脱氢催化剂, 其 特征在于催化剂中的稀土金属元素选自 La、 Pr、 Nd和 Sm。
8.根据权利要求 6所述用于生产不饱和芳烃的脱氢催化 剂, 其特征在于催化剂中稀土金属元素, 其含量以氧化物计为 3 - 8 % (重量) 。
9.根据权利要求 1或 6所述用于生产不饱和芳烃的脱氢催化 剂, 其特征在于在该催化剂中还包含致孔剂和粘结剂。
10. 一种用于生产不饱和芳烃的脱氢工艺, 其特征在于由烷 基芳烃在脱氢反应的条件下与催化剂接触制得不饱和芳烃, 所用 的催化剂以重量百分比计含有: Fe203: 40 - 70 % , K20: 10 - 40 % , Mo03 : 0-5%, MgO : 0.05~5%及 0.001~5%的至少一种 选自 Cu、 Zn、 Sc、 Ti、 W、 Mn、 Ni、 Pd、 Al、 P、 Bi、 B、 Sn、 Pb和 Si元素的氧化物, 还含有至少二种稀土金属元素的 化合物, 其含量以氧化物计为 2 - 15 % .
11.根据权利要求 10的脱氢工艺, 其特征在于所述的脱氢反应 的条件包括温度为 550 - 650 TC , 反应压力为常压〜 -0.07MPa , 水 / 烷基芳烃的重量比为 0.6~2.5, 以及液体空速为 0.3~1.0小时— '。
12.根据权利要求 10或 11的脱氢工艺, 其特征在于反应温度为 600 ~ 630 。
13.根据权利要求 10或 11的脱氢工艺, 其特征在于反应压力为 -0.02- -0.05MPa .
14.根据权利要求 10或 11的脱氢工艺,其特征在于水 /烷基芳烃 的重量比为 1.0-1.5 .
15.根据权利要求 10或 11的脱氢工艺, 其特征在于液体空速为 0.4-0.6小时— 1 .
16.根据权利要求 10或 11的脱氢工艺, 其特征在于稀土金属元 素选自 Ce、 La、 Pr、 Nd和 Sm。
17.根据权利要求 10或 11的脱氢工艺, 其特征在于催化剂中稀 土金属元素化合物, 其含量以氧化物计为 3 ~ 8 % .
18.根据权利要求 10或 11的脱氢工艺, 其特征在于 MgO的重 量百分比含量为 0.5 - 4%。
19.根据权利要求 10或 11的脱氢工艺, 其特征在于至少一种选 自 Cu、 Zn、 Sc . Ti、 W、 Mn、 Ni、 Pd、 Al、 P、 Bi、 B、 Sn、 Pb和 Si的氧化物以重量百分比计为 0.002~2%.
20.根据权利要求 10所述的脱氢工艺, 其特征在于催化剂中还 包含致孔剂和粘结剂.
21.—种按权利要求 1所述的催化剂在制备苯乙烯、 二乙烯苯或 甲基苯乙烯中的应用.
摘 要
本发明是一种用于生产不饱和芳烃的脱氢催化剂及制备不饱和 芳烃的脱氢工艺。 该催化剂的组成是在铁 钾-钼 -镁 稀土金属 元素体系中, 加入了多种金属氧化物. 其中, 稀土金属元素在催化 剂中至少含有二种的组合,加入的金属氧化物中的元素选自 IB - VUI B族和 m A V A族中的至少一种或几种。 而该脱氢工艺是在上述 催化剂的存在下, 将烷基芳烃在反应温度为 550 - 650 X:, 反应压 力为常压〜 -0.07MPa , 水 /烷基芳烃的重量比为 0.6~2.5 , 液体空速 为 0·3~1.0小时— 1的条件下脱氢制得不饱和芳烃。 制得的催化剂具 有更高的活性与选择性, 自再生能力很强, 可广泛用于饱和芳烃的 脱氢。
PCT/CN1996/000101 1995-11-15 1996-11-14 Catalyseur pour la production d'alkyles aromatiques, et procede de production et utilisation desdits alkyles WO1997018034A1 (fr)

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DE69626139T DE69626139T2 (de) 1995-11-15 1996-11-14 Katalysator fur die herstellung von alkylaromaten und verfahren zu dessen herstellung und dessen verwendung
EP96937974A EP0956899B1 (en) 1995-11-15 1996-11-14 A catalyst for manufacturing alkyl aromatics and production method and use thereof

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FR2844790A1 (fr) * 2002-09-20 2004-03-26 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede de coproduction de paraxylene et de styrene
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