WO1996035914A1 - Verfahren zur verringerung des energieverbrauchs - Google Patents
Verfahren zur verringerung des energieverbrauchs Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996035914A1 WO1996035914A1 PCT/EP1996/001909 EP9601909W WO9635914A1 WO 1996035914 A1 WO1996035914 A1 WO 1996035914A1 EP 9601909 W EP9601909 W EP 9601909W WO 9635914 A1 WO9635914 A1 WO 9635914A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cooling
- line
- refrigerant
- cooled
- heat exchanger
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012432 intermediate storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000274 adsorptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
- F25J3/0257—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
- F25J1/0215—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle
- F25J1/0216—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle using a C3 pre-cooling cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
- F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
- F25J1/0236—Heat exchange integration providing refrigeration for different processes treating not the same feed stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
- F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
- F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
- F25J1/0268—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer using a dedicated refrigeration means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
- F25J1/0283—Gas turbine as the prime mechanical driver
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0289—Use of different types of prime drivers of at least two refrigerant compressors in a cascade refrigeration system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0291—Refrigerant compression by combined gas compression and liquid pumping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0292—Refrigerant compression by cold or cryogenic suction of the refrigerant gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0296—Removal of the heat of compression, e.g. within an inter- or afterstage-cooler against an ambient heat sink
- F25J1/0297—Removal of the heat of compression, e.g. within an inter- or afterstage-cooler against an ambient heat sink using an externally chilled fluid, e.g. chilled water
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/0204—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
- F25J3/0209—Natural gas or substitute natural gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
- F25J3/0233—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/02—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a single pressure main column system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/70—Refluxing the column with a condensed part of the feed stream, i.e. fractionator top is stripped or self-rectified
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/04—Compressor cooling arrangement, e.g. inter- or after-stage cooling or condensate removal
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2235/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams
- F25J2235/60—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams the fluid being (a mixture of) hydrocarbons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/80—Hot exhaust gas turbine combustion engine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/14—External refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/66—Closed external refrigeration cycle with multi component refrigerant [MCR], e.g. mixture of hydrocarbons
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for reducing the energy consumption of a cooling and / or liquefaction process, in particular a cooling and / or liquefaction process of natural gas, coupled with a refrigeration cycle process which serves to provide the energy required for the cooling and / or liquefaction process.
- the raw gas is usually fed to the low-temperature process at ambient temperature and only cooled and liquefied in the so-called cold part of the process.
- the cold required for cooling or liquefying the raw gas is provided by a generally closed cooling circuit.
- the compression of the refrigerant circulating in it can e.g. by means of gas turbine drives.
- the air required for combustion is sucked in at ambient temperature.
- EP-PS 0 143 267 describes a liquefaction process for natural gas in which the natural gas to be liquefied is cooled and liquefied using two closed circuits in which multicomponent coolants are circulated.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a method which reduces the energy consumption of a cooling and / or liquefaction process which is coupled to a refrigeration cycle process.
- Figure 1 shows a natural gas liquefaction process, such as is used, for example, in the context of an LNG baseload plant.
- Figure 2 shows an N 2 / C 1+ separation process, such as is used for example in the nitrogen separation from natural gas.
- the natural gas stream introduced via line 1 is first freed of carbon dioxide still contained in it in a carbon dioxide scrubber A.
- the natural gas stream still has a temperature of 313 K at the outlet of the carbon dioxide scrubber A.
- the natural gas stream freed from carbon dioxide is then fed to a heat exchanger B via line 2. In this, it is cooled by 30 ° K in counterflow to the refrigerant of a separate auxiliary refrigeration circuit, which will be discussed in more detail below.
- the cooled natural gas stream is then fed to a separator C, the water accumulating in the separator being returned to the washing A via the line 4 shown in broken lines.
- the natural gas stream drawn off at the top of the separator C is fed to a drying unit D by means of line 3.
- the gas stream is dried, preferably by adsorptive means.
- the precooled natural gas stream is fed via line 5 to a heat exchanger E, in which it is further cooled and liquefied against the process cooling circuit, which will also be discussed below.
- the liquefied natural gas is discharged from the heat exchanger E by means of line 6 and used for further use, for example intermediate storage in an LNG tank.
- the liquefied natural gas is first expanded to the pressure prevailing in the LNG tank in valve F and then fed into the LNG tank via line 7.
- the process refrigeration cycle required for the further cooling and liquefaction of the natural gas contains as the refrigerant a mixture of hydrocarbons or nitrogen and hydrocarbons.
- the refrigerant mixture is compressed in two stages (H, H '). After the first compression in the compressor H, the refrigerant mixture is fed via line 8 to an air cooler J, cooled in it against ambient air, and then fed to the second compressor stage H '.
- the refrigerant mixture drawn off from the second compressor stage H 'by means of line 9 is in turn fed to the already mentioned air cooler J and then fed to a heat exchanger K by means of line 10 and cooled there against the refrigerant of a refrigerant molecule circuit, which will also be discussed below.
- the pre-cooled refrigerant mixture is then fed to the heat exchanger E via line 11, cooled under high pressure, depending on the design of the process via valves L and / or L "relaxed and against the natural gas stream to be cooled and liquefied in line 5 and the high-pressure refrigerant stream in Line 11 is heated and then the refrigerant flow is returned to the first compressor stage H via line 12.
- the two-stage compression (H, H ') is driven by means of a two-stage compression (H, H ') is carried out by means of a gas turbine G, which is supplied with combustion air via line 13.
- the combustion air brought in via line 13 is cooled in a heat exchanger K 'against a partial flow of the previously mentioned refrigerant cycle before it is fed into the gas turbine.
- the required fuel gas is added via line 15, while line 16 represents the exhaust line.
- the already mentioned refrigeration cycle which contains, for example, a mixture of ethylene glycol and water as refrigeration brine, can be provided for safety reasons.
- the cooling brine of this refrigerant circuit is fed via line 20 to a pump M for increasing the pressure and then via line 21 to a heat exchanger N.
- the cooling brine emerging from the heat exchanger N is withdrawn by means of line 22 and partly supplied to the heat exchanger K and partly to the heat exchanger K 'by means of line 23.
- the portion of the cooling brine discharged from the heat exchanger K by means of line 20 is mixed with the remaining part of the cooling brine discharged from the heat exchanger K 'by means of line 24.
- the auxiliary refrigeration circuit already mentioned contains a pure substance that can be liquefied at ambient temperature, e.g. Porpan, or a mixture that can be liquefied at ambient temperature.
- the refrigerant is fed to a compressor O by means of line 30, then to an air cooler P by means of line 31 and then passed into a collecting container Q. Liquid refrigerant is removed from this collecting container by means of line 33 and, after passing through pump R, is supplied to a branching point by means of line 34. Part of the refrigerant is expanded in the valve S in a cold-producing manner and is fed to the already mentioned heat exchanger N by means of the line 35. This heats up against the cooling brine of the refrigerant circuit to be cooled.
- the warmed refrigerant of the auxiliary refrigeration circuit is then admixed to line 30 again by means of line 36.
- Part of the refrigerant is supplied from the branching point mentioned by means of line 37 to an expansion valve T, expanded in this and supplied to heat exchanger B by means of line 38.
- the refrigerant heated in the heat exchanger B is then returned to the line 30 by means of line 39.
- FIG. 2 shows an N 2 / C 1+ separation process such as is used, for example, for nitrogen separation from natural gas.
- the nitrogen-containing natural gas stream introduced via line 1 that of other undesirable ones Components, such as carbon dioxide, have already been cleaned, cooled in a heat exchanger A in countercurrent to the cooling brine of a refrigerant circuit, which will be discussed in more detail below.
- the natural gas stream is then fed via line 2 to a further heat exchanger B, in which it is further cooled and partially or completely liquefied against the process cooling circuit, which will also be discussed below.
- the partially or completely liquefied natural gas is discharged from the heat exchanger B via line 3 and passed to the top of the separation column D via the expansion valve C and via line 4.
- Separation column D separates into a nitrogen-rich and a C 1+ -rich fraction.
- the nitrogen-rich fraction is withdrawn by means of line 5 at the top of the separation column D, heated in the heat exchanger B against the natural gas stream to be cooled and then withdrawn from the process by means of line 6.
- the separation column D is heated by means of the column heater E.
- the C 1+ -rich fraction is drawn off at the bottom of the separation column D by means of line 7, pumped to the desired delivery pressure in the pump F and then fed to the heat exchanger B by means of line 8. In this, the C 1+ -rich fraction is warmed and evaporated and then withdrawn from the process by means of line 9.
- the refrigeration required for cooling and liquefying the natural gas stream is provided by the process refrigeration circuit X.
- This third compressor stage U is driven by expansion of the refrigerant mixture in the expansion turbine V.
- the refrigerant mixture is fed to an air cooler J after each compressor stage. Then the refrigerant mixture is passed through a heat exchanger K, in which the refrigerant mixture is cooled against a partial flow of a refrigerant cycle.
- This refrigerant cycle and the auxiliary refrigeration cycle are discussed in more detail below.
- the refrigerant mixture of the auxiliary refrigeration circuit preferably a pure substance that can be liquefied at ambient temperature, such as propane, or a mixture that can be liquefied at ambient temperature, is fed to a compressor L by means of line 10.
- the refrigerant mixture is fed via line 11 to an air cooler M and then to a collecting container N.
- the liquid refrigerant mixture is removed from this collecting container by means of line 13 and divided into two partial flows.
- a first partial refrigerant mixture stream is relaxed in valve O and in Heat exchanger P is heated and evaporated against the cooling brine of the refrigerant circuit to be cooled. Subsequently, this partial refrigerant mixture stream is returned to the compressor L by means of the lines 15 and 10.
- the second partial refrigerant mixture stream is fed to an expansion valve Q by means of line 16.
- this partial refrigerant mixture stream is fed to the heat exchanger R by means of line 17, in which it is heated and evaporated against the cooling brine of the refrigerant molecule circuit to be cooled.
- the refrigerant mixture is then fed to the compressor L via the lines 18 and 10.
- the cooling brine of the refrigerant cycle is fed to a pump S by means of line 20, pumped to the desired pressure in this and fed to the already mentioned heat exchanger R.
- the cooling brine is cooled against the refrigerant mixture to be warmed up in the auxiliary cooling circuit and then fed to a branching point by means of line 21.
- a partial flow of the cooling brine is fed via line 22 to the heat exchanger P, which has also already been mentioned, and is cooled in the latter against the refrigerant mixture to be heated in the auxiliary cooling circuit.
- the cooling brine of the refrigerant molecule circuit is then returned to the pump S by means of the lines 23 and 20.
- the second partial flow of the cooling brine is withdrawn from the branch point by means of line 24.
- a partial flow thereof is fed via line 25 to the heat exchanger A, which has also already been mentioned, and is heated and evaporated therein against the nitrogen-containing natural gas stream to be cooled.
- the heated and evaporated cooling brine is then fed back to the pump S by means of the lines 26, 31, 32 and 20.
- Another partial flow of the cooling brine of the refrigerant circuit is fed to the heat exchanger K, which has also already been mentioned, by means of lines 24 and 27.
- the cooling brine is heated and then added to the cooling brine in lines 31 and 32 by means of line 28.
- Another partial stream of the cooling brine is fed to the heat exchanger K 'by means of line 29.
- the combustion air supplied to the gas turbine E is cooled in the heat exchanger K '.
- the cooling brine heated in the heat exchanger K ' is then admixed to the cooling brine in the lines 26 and 31 by means of line 30.
- the auxiliary cooling circuit or refrigerant molecule circuit which serves to pre-cool the combustion air and to pre-cool the medium (s) to be cooled and / or liquefied, can of course also be used for further pre-cooling or cooling processes.
- Such pre-cooling or cooling processes are e.g. Pre-cooling of the raw gas before absorbers, cooling of the top product of the carbon dioxide-removing amine wash, sub-cooling of the refrigerant or mixture of refrigerants, pre-cooling of the high-pressure process cooling circuit, etc.
- the application of the method according to the invention is of course not limited to the two methods shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. It can also be used advantageously in particular in liquefaction processes which use multi-stage propane cooling circuits or in processes which use C2 / C3 cooling circuits or pure substance cooling circuits.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BR9608099A BR9608099A (pt) | 1995-05-10 | 1996-05-07 | Método para a redução do consumo de energia em um processo de refrigeração e/ou liquefação |
AU58151/96A AU701955B2 (en) | 1995-05-10 | 1996-05-07 | Method for cooling and/or liquefying a medium |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19517116.0 | 1995-05-10 | ||
DE19517116A DE19517116C1 (de) | 1995-05-10 | 1995-05-10 | Verfahren zur Verringerung des Energieverbrauchs |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1996035914A1 true WO1996035914A1 (de) | 1996-11-14 |
Family
ID=7761550
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1996/001909 WO1996035914A1 (de) | 1995-05-10 | 1996-05-07 | Verfahren zur verringerung des energieverbrauchs |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU701955B2 (de) |
BR (1) | BR9608099A (de) |
DE (1) | DE19517116C1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1996035914A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AU2003272748B2 (en) * | 2002-09-30 | 2008-04-17 | Bp Corporation North America Inc. | A reduced carbon dioxide emission system and method for providing power for refrigerant compression and electrical power for a light hydrocarbon gas liquefaction process using cooled air injection to the turbines |
CA2499577C (en) | 2002-09-30 | 2013-02-05 | Bp Corporation North America Inc. | Reduced carbon dioxide emission system and method for providing power for refrigerant compression and electrical power for a light hydrocarbon gas liquefaction process |
EP1471319A1 (de) * | 2003-04-25 | 2004-10-27 | Totalfinaelf S.A. | Anlage und Verfahren zum Verflüssigen von Erdgas |
US8616021B2 (en) | 2007-05-03 | 2013-12-31 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Natural gas liquefaction process |
US9140490B2 (en) | 2007-08-24 | 2015-09-22 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Natural gas liquefaction processes with feed gas refrigerant cooling loops |
WO2013184068A1 (en) * | 2012-06-06 | 2013-12-12 | Keppel Offshore & Marine Technology Centre Pte Ltd | System and process for natural gas liquefaction |
NO20140358A1 (no) * | 2014-03-18 | 2015-09-21 | Global Lng Services Ltd | Kystnær LNG produksjon |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5898606A (ja) * | 1981-12-08 | 1983-06-11 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 複合ガスタ−ビン発電プラント |
EP0143267A2 (de) * | 1983-10-25 | 1985-06-05 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Erdgasverflüssigung mit Hilfe zweier Kühlmittelgemische |
US5139548A (en) * | 1991-07-31 | 1992-08-18 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Gas liquefaction process control system |
-
1995
- 1995-05-10 DE DE19517116A patent/DE19517116C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-05-07 AU AU58151/96A patent/AU701955B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-05-07 WO PCT/EP1996/001909 patent/WO1996035914A1/de active Application Filing
- 1996-05-07 BR BR9608099A patent/BR9608099A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5898606A (ja) * | 1981-12-08 | 1983-06-11 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 複合ガスタ−ビン発電プラント |
EP0143267A2 (de) * | 1983-10-25 | 1985-06-05 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Erdgasverflüssigung mit Hilfe zweier Kühlmittelgemische |
US5139548A (en) * | 1991-07-31 | 1992-08-18 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Gas liquefaction process control system |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 007, no. 199 (M - 240) 3 September 1983 (1983-09-03) * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU701955B2 (en) | 1999-02-11 |
BR9608099A (pt) | 1999-02-23 |
AU5815196A (en) | 1996-11-29 |
DE19517116C1 (de) | 1996-06-20 |
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