EP1471319A1 - Anlage und Verfahren zum Verflüssigen von Erdgas - Google Patents

Anlage und Verfahren zum Verflüssigen von Erdgas Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1471319A1
EP1471319A1 EP20030291022 EP03291022A EP1471319A1 EP 1471319 A1 EP1471319 A1 EP 1471319A1 EP 20030291022 EP20030291022 EP 20030291022 EP 03291022 A EP03291022 A EP 03291022A EP 1471319 A1 EP1471319 A1 EP 1471319A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
natural gas
heat exchanger
outlet
inlet
cooling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP20030291022
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Marc Le Metais
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Total Fina Elf SA
Original Assignee
Total Fina Elf SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Total Fina Elf SA filed Critical Total Fina Elf SA
Priority to EP20030291022 priority Critical patent/EP1471319A1/de
Priority to EP04290976A priority patent/EP1471320A1/de
Priority to US10/825,884 priority patent/US20050005635A1/en
Publication of EP1471319A1 publication Critical patent/EP1471319A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
    • F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
    • F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
    • F25J1/0268—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer using a dedicated refrigeration means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F25J1/0055—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream originating from an incorporated cascade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
    • F25J1/0215—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle
    • F25J1/0216—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle using a C3 pre-cooling cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
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    • F25J1/0227—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using other external refrigeration means not provided before, e.g. heat driven absorption chillers within a refrigeration cascade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
    • F25J1/0242—Waste heat recovery, e.g. from heat of compression
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0269—Arrangement of liquefaction units or equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple "trains" concept
    • F25J1/0271—Inter-connecting multiple cold equipments within or downstream of the cold box
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
    • F25J1/0282—Steam turbine as the prime mechanical driver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J2270/60—Closed external refrigeration cycle with single component refrigerant [SCR], e.g. C1-, C2- or C3-hydrocarbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
    • F25J2270/906—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration by heat driven absorption chillers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to novel plant and process for producing liquefied natural gas.
  • the plant of the invention is of the type that comprises one natural gas pre-cooling heat exchanger having an inlet for natural gas and an outlet for cooled natural gas, optionally a distributor having an inlet connected to the outlet for cooled natural gas and having one or more outlets, and one or more main heat exchangers each comprising a first hot side having one inlet connected to one outlet of the distributor and an outlet for liquefied natural gas, which plant further comprises a pre-cooling refrigerant circuit for removing heat from the natural gas in the natural gas pre-cooling heat exchanger, and one or more main refrigerant circuits for removing heat from natural gas flowing through the first hot side of the corresponding main heat exchanger.
  • US-P-6389844 discloses a plant of the type as disclosed above, in which the plant is such that the pre-cooling refrigerant circuit further comprises at least two additional circuits for removing heat from the main refrigerants in each of the main refrigerant circuits.
  • Such a plant while it allows for a 40 to 60% increase of liquefaction capacity, still suffers from drawbacks.
  • the liquefaction plant is still limited by the capacity of the propane compressor used in the pre-cooling refrigerant circuit.
  • the limited capacity of the propane compressor is still a problem for other usual plants. Solving this problem of limited capacity by the use of a pair of propane compressors in parallel on the same suction and discharge outlets is not satisfactory, since imbalanced load sharing and flow instability can then occur.
  • the invention aims at providing a novel plant and associated process for producing liquefied natural gas that is not limited by the propane compressor capacity.
  • the invention is based on the use of separate pre-cooling circuits: one for the pre-cooling of the natural gas and one for the pre-cooling of the main refrigerant.
  • the invention thus provides a plant as well as a process for liquefying natural gas.
  • the plant for liquefying natural gas comprises:
  • the additional circuit comprises a heat exchanger, a compressor, a cooler, and an expansion device, the compressor having an inlet and an outlet, said outlet being connected by means of a conduit to said cooler, said conduit extending via said expansion device to the inlet of the cold side of said heat exchanger, the outlet of the cold side of said heat exchanger being connected by means of a return conduit to the inlet of said compressor.
  • the process for liquefying natural gas comprises:
  • Said process is especially carried out in the plant of the first variant.
  • the plant for liquefying natural gas comprises:
  • the circuits each comprise a heat exchanger, a compressor, a cooler, and an expansion device, the compressor having an inlet and an outlet, said outlet being connected by means of a conduit to said cooler, said conduit extending via said expansion device to the inlet of the cold side of said heat exchanger, the outlet of the cold side of said heat exchanger being connected by means of a return conduit to the inlet of said compressor.
  • the circuits comprise each a heat exchanger and an expansion device, and further comprise one compressor and one cooler, the compressor having an inlet and an outlet, said outlet being connected by means of conduit to said one cooler, said conduit being divided into conduits connected via said expansion device, to the inlet of the cold side of said heat exchanger, the outlet of the cold side of said heat exchanger being connected by means of a return conduit to the inlet of said one compressor.
  • the circuits comprise an integrated heat exchanger and an expansion device, and further comprise one compressor and one cooler, the compressor having an inlet and an outlet, said outlet being connected by means of conduit to said one cooler, said conduit being connected via said expansion device to the inlet of the cold side of said heat exchanger, the outlet of the cold side of said heat exchanger being connected by means of return conduit to the inlet of said one compressor.
  • the plant of the second variant comprises two main heat exchangers, two main refrigerant circuits and two additional circuits.
  • the process for liquefying natural gas comprises:
  • Said process is especially carried out in the plant of the second variant.
  • the first pre-cooling refrigerant circuit comprise a heat exchanger, a compressor, a cooler, and an expansion device, the compressor having an inlet and an outlet, said outlet being connected by means of a conduit to said cooler, said conduit extending via said expansion device to the inlet of the cold side of said heat exchanger, the outlet of the cold side of said heat exchanger being connected by means of a return conduit to the inlet of said compressor.
  • the plant of the invention further comprises:
  • the process of the invention further comprises:
  • the plant for liquefying natural gas comprises one natural gas pre-cooling heat exchanger 2 , a pre-cooling refrigerant circuit 3 , one main heat exchanger 5 , and one main refrigerant circuit 9 .
  • the natural gas pre-cooling heat exchanger 2 has a hot side in the form of tube 12 that has an inlet 13 for natural gas and an outlet 14 for cooled natural gas.
  • the tube 12 is arranged in the cold side or shell side 15 of the natural gas pre-cooling heat exchanger 2 .
  • the liquefaction heat exchanger 5 comprises a first hot side 25 having one inlet 26 .
  • the inlet 26 of the first hot side 25 is connected to the outlet 14 of the heat exchanger 2 , by means of conduit 27.
  • the hot side 25 has an outlet 28 at the top of the liquefaction heat exchanger 5 for liquefied natural gas.
  • the first hot side 25 is located in the cold side 29 of the liquefaction heat exchanger 5 , which cold side 29 has an outlet 30.
  • the pre-cooling refrigerant circuit 3 comprises a turbine-driven pre-cooling refrigerant compressor 31 having an inlet 33 and an outlet 34.
  • the outlet 34 is connected by means of conduit 35 to a cooler 36 , which may be an air cooler or a water cooler.
  • Conduit 35 extends via an expansion device in the form of a throttle 38 to the inlet 39 of the cold side 15 of the natural gas pre-cooling heat exchanger 2 .
  • the outlet 40 of the cold side 15 is connected by means of return conduit 41 to the inlet 33 of the turbine-driven pre-cooling refrigerant compressor 31.
  • the pre-cooling refrigerant circuit 3 does only pre-cool the natural gas, and does not serve to pre-cool the refrigerant in the main refrigerant circuit 9 (and 9' as identified in said US-P-6389844).
  • the plant of the invention comprises one additional circuit 43.
  • the additional circuit 43 comprises a turbine-driven pre-cooling refrigerant compressor 131 having an inlet 133 and an outlet 134.
  • the outlet 134 is connected by means of conduit 135 to a cooler 136 , which may be an air cooler or a water cooler.
  • Conduit 135 extends through conduit 144 via an expansion device in the form of a throttle 45 to the inlet 139 of the cold side 85 of the heat exchanger 58.
  • the outlet 140 of the cold side is connected by means of return conduit 146 to the inlet 133 of the turbine-driven pre-cooling refrigerant compressor 131.
  • the liquefaction refrigerant circuit 9 comprises a gas turbine-driven liquefaction refrigerant compressor 50 having an inlet 51 and an outlet 52.
  • the outlet 52 is connected by means of conduit 54 to a cooler 56 , which may be an air cooler or a water cooler, and the hot side 57 of a refrigerant heat exchanger 58 and to a separator 60 .
  • the separator 60 has an outlet 61 for liquid at its lower end and an outlet 62 for gas at its upper end.
  • the liquefaction refrigerant circuit 9 further includes a first conduit 65 extending from the outlet 61 to the inlet of a second hot side 67 that extends to a mid point of the liquefaction heat exchanger 5 , a conduit 69, an expansion device 70 and an injection nozzle 73 .
  • the liquefaction refrigerant circuit 9 further includes a second conduit 75 extending from the outlet 62 to the inlet of a third hot side 77 that extends to the top of the liquefaction heat exchanger 5 , a conduit 79, an expansion device 80 and an injection nozzle 83.
  • the refrigerant heat exchanger 58 includes a cold side 85 that is included in the additional circuit 43 .
  • natural gas is supplied to the inlet 13 of the hot side 14 of the natural gas pre-cooling heat exchanger 2 through conduit 90.
  • Pre-cooling refrigerant is removed from the outlet 40 of the cold side 15 of the natural gas pre-cooling heat exchanger 2 , compressed in the turbine-driven pre-cooling refrigerant compressor 31 to an elevated pressure, condensed in the condenser 36 and allowed to expand in the expansion device 38 to a low pressure.
  • the expanded pre-cooling refrigerant is allowed to evaporate at the low pressure and in this way heat is removed from the natural gas.
  • Pre-cooled natural gas removed from the hot side 14 is passed to the heat exchanger 5 .
  • pretreatment unit 100 would be located after heat exchanger 2 .
  • Such a pretreatment unit would aim at withdrawing most part of the heavy components, typically part or all of the C2, C3, C4, C5 and heavier components of the gas.
  • the resulting flow exiting from the pretreatment would comprise mostly methane. This flow will then be directed to the main heat exchanger 5 .
  • conduit 27 the pre-cooled natural gas is supplied to the inlets 26 of the first hot side 25 of the main heat exchanger 5 .
  • the natural gas is liquefied and sub-cooled.
  • Sub-cooled natural gas is removed through conduit 95.
  • the sub-cooled natural gas is passed to a unit for further treating (not shown) and to tanks for storing the liquefied natural gas (not shown).
  • Main refrigerant is removed from the outlet 30 of the cold side 29 of the liquefaction heat exchanger 5 , connected through conduit 53 to inlet 51 of the turbine-driven liquefaction compressor 50, where it is compressed to an elevated pressure.
  • the heat of compression is removed in cooler 56 and further heat is removed from the main refrigerant in the refrigerant heat exchanger 58 to obtain partly condensed refrigerant.
  • Partly condensed main refrigerant is then separated in separator 60 into a heavy, liquid fraction and a light, gaseous fraction, which fractions are further cooled in the second and the third hot side 67 and 77 respectively to obtain liquefied and sub-cooled fractions at elevated pressure.
  • the sub-cooled refrigerants are then allowed to expand in expansion devices 70 and 80 to a lower pressure. At this pressure the refrigerant is allowed to evaporate in the cold side 29 of the liquefaction heat exchanger 5 to remove heat from the natural gas passing through the first cold side 25 .
  • the refrigerant used in the pre-cooling circuits is suitably each time a single component refrigerant, such as propane, or a mixture of hydrocarbon components or another suitable refrigerant used in a compression cooling cycle or in an absorption cooling cycle.
  • this pre-cooling refrigerant is propane.
  • the main refrigerant is suitably a multi-component refrigerant comprising nitrogen, methane, ethane, propane and butane.
  • the natural gas pre-cooling heat exchanger 2 comprises suitably a set of two or more heat exchangers arranged in series, wherein pre-cooling refrigerant is allowed to evaporate at one or more pressure levels.
  • the refrigerant heat exchanger 58 comprises a set of two or more heat exchangers arranged in series, wherein the pre-cooling refrigerant is allowed to evaporate at one or more pressure levels.
  • the main heat exchanger 5 can be of any suitable design, such as a spool wound heat exchanger or a plate-fin heat exchanger.
  • the liquefaction heat exchanger 5 has a second and a third hot side, 67 and 77, respectively.
  • the liquefaction heat exchanger has only one hot side in which the second and the third hot side are combined.
  • the partly condensed main refrigerant is directly supplied to the third hot side 77, 77', without separating it into a heavy, liquid fraction and a light, gaseous fraction.
  • the liquefaction heat exchanger 5 can also be of any suitable design, as may be readily understood by the skilled man.
  • the compressors 31, 50 and 131 can be multi-stage compressors with inter-cooling, or a combination of compressors in series with inter-cooling in between two compressors, or a combination of compressors in parallel (albeit this latter solution is not preferred).
  • electric motors can be used to drive the compressors 31, 50 and 131 in the pre-cooling refrigerant circuit 3 and the main refrigerant circuit 9 , and the pre-cooling refrigerant circuit 43.
  • the turbine (not shown) in the pre-cooling refrigerant circuit may be a steam turbine.
  • the steam required to drive the steam turbine is generated with heat released from cooling the exhaust of the gas turbines (not shown) of the main refrigerant circuits.
  • FIG. 2 shows schematically another embodiment of the invention.
  • the plant for liquefying natural gas comprises one natural gas pre-cooling heat exchanger 2, a pre-cooling refrigerant circuit 3, a distributor 4, and two main heat exchangers 5 and 5' , and two main refrigerant circuits 9 and 9'.
  • the second heat exchanger 5' , and main refrigerant circuit 9' comprise the same elements than the first heat exchanger and main refrigerant circuit, save that these parts are referenced with prime numbers.
  • the pretreatment has not been shown in FIG. 2, as it is optional.
  • the distributor 4 has an inlet 18 connected by means of conduit 19 to the outlet 14 for cooled natural gas and two outlets 22 and 23.
  • Each liquefaction heat exchanger 5 , 5' comprises a first hot side 25, 25' having one inlet 26, 26' .
  • the inlet 26 of the first hot side 25 is connected to the outlet 22 of the distributor 4 and the inlet 26' of the first hot side 25' is connected to the outlet 23, by means of conduits 27 and 27', respectively.
  • the main refrigerant circuits 9 and 9' are identical to each other and so are the main heat exchangers 5 and 5'.
  • the liquefaction refrigerant circuits 9 and 9' comprise refrigerants that may have the same composition. These circuits 9 and 9' can, if desired, either be connected by a conduit (not shown) or even form one refrigerant circuit only.
  • each main refrigerant circuit 9 and 9' comprises a complete pre-cooling circuit 43 and 43 ', where each pre-cooling circuit is identical to the one disclosed in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 shows schematically another embodiment of the invention.
  • the plant comprises two main heat exchangers 5 and 5' , and two main refrigerant circuits 9 and 9'.
  • the two additional circuits 43 and 43' share the same compressor 131 and cooler 136.
  • a manifold 142 is connected at the outlet of the cooler to distribute the refrigerant to the expansion device (throttle 45 and 45' ) through conduits 143 and 143'.
  • the return conduits 146 and 146' are connected to the inlet 133 of the compressor 131, either directly or through a manifold (not shown).
  • the compressors 31 and 131 (or optionally 131 and 131' ) can be driven by the same turbine.
  • FIG. 4 shows schematically an alternative of the pre-cooling refrigerant circuits 43 and 43' as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the refrigerant heat exchangers 58 and 58' shown in FIG. 3 are combined in one integrated heat exchanger 202 .
  • the integrated heat exchanger 202 has a cold side 215 in which are arranged the hot sides 57 and 57' pertaining to the main refrigerant circuits 9 and 9', respectively.
  • the pre-cooling refrigerant is suitably a multi-component refrigerant comprising nitrogen, methane, ethane, propane and butane.
  • evaporated pre-cooling refrigerant is removed from the cold side 215 through conduit 241, compressed to an elevated pressure by the pre-cooling refrigerant compressor 231 (having an inlet 233 and an outlet 234) , cooled in cooler 236 through conduit 235 and supplied to additional hot side 243 arranged in the cold side of the integrated heat exchanger 202 .
  • the pre-cooling refrigerant is liquefied against evaporating refrigerant.
  • the liquefied pre-cooling refrigerant is removed from the additional hot side 243 through conduit 245 provided with expansion device in the form of throttle 246, where it is allowed to expand to a lower pressure. At this lower pressure the refrigerant is supplied through injection nozzle 248 into the inlet of the cold side 215 .
  • FIG. 5 showing an alternative of the embodiment of FIG. 4, wherein the pre-cooling refrigerant compressor 231 is a two-stage compressor (having two inlets 233 and 233' and an outlet 234 ).
  • the two-stage compressor 231 supplies refrigerant at elevated pressure to the additional hot side 243' of the first stage integrated pre-cooling heat exchanger 202', wherein part of the refrigerant is allowed to evaporate at intermediate pressure in the cold side 215 '.
  • the remainder is passed through conduit 250 to the additional hot side 243 of the second stage integrated pre-cooling heat exchanger 202, this refrigerant is allowed to evaporate at low pressure in the cold side 215.
  • the inlets 233 and 233' of the two-stage compressor 231 are connected to the cold sides 215 and 215' of the heat exchangers 202 and 202' by conduits 241 and 241' , respectively.
  • the liquefaction refrigerant of each of the liquefaction refrigerant circuits is pre-cooled in hot sides 57 and 57'.
  • the conduits interconnecting the latter hot sides have not been shown.
  • the pre-cooling refrigerant circuits in the invention are separate.
  • the ratio of compression power between the pre-cooling circuit 3 and the additional circuit 43 ( 43 and 43' if and when present) is for example from 15:85 to 40:60, typically about 25:75.
  • An advantage of the present invention is that the conditions of pre-cooling and liquefaction, for example the compositions of the refrigerant, can easily be adapted such that an efficient operation is achieved. Moreover, in case one of the liquefaction circuits has to be taken out of operation, the conditions can be adapted to work efficiently with a single liquefaction train.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
EP20030291022 2003-04-25 2003-04-25 Anlage und Verfahren zum Verflüssigen von Erdgas Withdrawn EP1471319A1 (de)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20030291022 EP1471319A1 (de) 2003-04-25 2003-04-25 Anlage und Verfahren zum Verflüssigen von Erdgas
EP04290976A EP1471320A1 (de) 2003-04-25 2004-04-13 Anlage und Verfahren zum Verflüssigen von Erdgas
US10/825,884 US20050005635A1 (en) 2003-04-25 2004-04-16 Plant and process for liquefying natural gas

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EP20030291022 EP1471319A1 (de) 2003-04-25 2003-04-25 Anlage und Verfahren zum Verflüssigen von Erdgas

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