WO1996035684A1 - Procede de production de composes d'isochromane - Google Patents
Procede de production de composes d'isochromane Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996035684A1 WO1996035684A1 PCT/JP1996/001088 JP9601088W WO9635684A1 WO 1996035684 A1 WO1996035684 A1 WO 1996035684A1 JP 9601088 W JP9601088 W JP 9601088W WO 9635684 A1 WO9635684 A1 WO 9635684A1
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- represented
- bonded
- formula
- lower alkyl
- reaction
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D311/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings
- C07D311/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D311/76—Benzo[c]pyrans
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D311/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings
- C07D311/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D311/78—Ring systems having three or more relevant rings
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing an isochroman compound using a formaldehyde aqueous solution having a specific concentration as a formaldehyde source.
- the method of the present invention is simplified and economical.
- the isochromane compound represented by the following formula (I) is known to have an excellent scent and aroma:
- R 2 each represent a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxyl group, or alternatively, R! And R 2 are bonded to adjacent carbon atoms, and R!, together with the carbon atom to which R 2 is bonded, and R 2 are bonded to each other, a benzene ring, naphthalate Li down ring, or 1 to 6 lower alkyl groups lay also carbon atoms 5 have a Forms a cycloalkane or cycloalkene of 6, and R 3 represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group.
- Examples of methods for producing these isochromane compounds include the following:
- An aromatic hydrocarbon compound is reacted with alkylene oxide in the presence of aluminum chloride to form an aluminum alkanol aluminum chloride complex, which is a substance containing a free hydroxyl group.
- a process comprising partially inactivating aluminum chloride therein, adding paraformaldehyde to the obtained reaction mixture, and cyclizing the arylalkanol.
- a method comprising adding iodide or phosphorus chloride or oxychloride to a mixture of aryl alkanol, concentrated hydrochloric acid and a compound which releases formaldehyde, and
- each of the above-mentioned methods has disadvantages, and is not sufficiently satisfactory as a method for producing an isochroman compound.
- the method of item (1) requires complicated operation, requires the use of expensive and troublesome hydrogen chloride gas, and requires that water generated as the reaction proceeds must be removed from the reaction system.
- the reaction is It has drawbacks such as incompleteness, lower yield, and side reactions.
- the method of item (2) above is characterized in that hydrogen chloride gas is generated in the intermediate treatment step (the step of partially inactivating aluminum chloride in the complex), and a limited amount of inactivation is performed. That the reagent must be used, the reaction is not completed, and side reactions occur, resulting in low yields and complicated post-treatment (recovery of reaction product) operations. And the like.
- the reaction is carried out at a high temperature for a long time, but the method has a drawback that only an unsatisfactory yield is achieved.
- the method of the above item (4) has a drawback in that the use of an azeotropic agent requires a great deal of cost to recover the reaction product, an isochroman compound.
- the method of the above item (5) has the disadvantage that hydrogen chloride gas is generated in the reaction system and only an unsatisfactory yield is achieved, and the method of the above item (6) has a disadvantage.
- the reaction since the reaction is carried out at a high temperature, the reaction system must be at a high pressure and the generated lower carboxylic acid must be removed from the reaction system. There is a disadvantage that.
- the present applicant has attempted to develop an improved method for producing an isochroman compound.
- an improved method for producing an ischroman compound which can be produced easily and with high yield, which is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-10782. Gazette (issued January 18, 1988)].
- This method uses chlorine in the presence of a dehydrating Friedel-Craft catalyst. In a hydrocarbon solvent, formaldehyde or a compound that releases formaldehyde is allowed to act on arylalkanol.
- this method comprises first producing an arylalkanol from an aromatic hydrocarbon compound, then separating it, and then deriving the arylalkanol to an isochroman compound.
- the process is complicated and economically disadvantageous.
- paraformaldehyde is used as a compound that releases formaldehyde.However, production of powdered paraformaldehyde tends to be stopped because of its poor working environment. On the other hand, granular paraformaldehyde does not dissolve in the reaction system, so that the reaction hardly proceeds. Disclosure of the invention
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an isochroman compound, which can provide a high-purity isochroman compound in a high yield.
- the present inventors have intensively studied to achieve the above object. As a result of the research, the present inventors have found that when a formaldehyde aqueous solution having a specific concentration is used as a formaldehyde source used in the cyclization reaction, a highly pure isochroman compound can be obtained in a high yield. I found Further, the present inventors have used aromatic hydrocarbon compounds as starting materials, Further, they have found that when a formaldehyde aqueous solution having a specific concentration is used as a formaldehyde source, an isochromane compound can be directly produced from an aromatic hydrocarbon compound by a simple operation. The present invention has been completed based on these findings.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing an isochroman compound represented by the following formula (I),
- R and R 2 each represent a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxyl group, or alternatively, R, and R 2 are bonded to adjacent carbon atoms; And R, and R 2 are bonded to each other together with the carbon atom to which R, and R 2 are bonded, and the carbon may optionally have a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, or 1 to 6 lower alkyl groups.
- An aqueous formaldehyde solution having a concentration of 40 to 70% by weight is added to a freel kraft catalyst complex of aryl alkanol represented by the following formula (II) to cyclize the aryl alcohol.
- a freel kraft catalyst complex of aryl alkanol represented by the following formula (II) to cyclize the aryl alcohol.
- the process for producing an isochroman compound further comprises mixing the aryl alkanol represented by the formula (II) with a friedder 'crafts catalyst, It may include a step of preparing a rough catalyst complex.
- an aromatic hydrocarbon compound represented by the following formula (II) is further reacted with an alkylene oxide in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst. And preparing the Friedel-Crafts catalyst complex of the arylalkanol.
- R and R 2 each represent a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxyl group, or alternatively, Ri and R 2 are bonded to carbon atoms adjacent to each other; and , together with the carbon atom to which R 2 is bonded, and R 2 are bonded to each other, a benzene ring, naphthalate Li down ring or 1-6 lower alkyl group having a carbon number of 5 may have a city is Form a cycloalkane or cycloalkene of 6.
- the present invention provides a method for producing an isochroman compound represented by the above formula (I), which comprises converting an aromatic hydrocarbon compound represented by the above formula (III) in the presence of a Friedel 'Claff catalyst. , An alkylene oxide, and a reaction mixture containing the obtained reaction product (ie, a feeder of aryl alkanol and a catalyst catalyst complex) in a 40 to 70% by weight aqueous solution of formaldehyde. And cyclizing the reaction product.
- the lower alkyl group in the definition of R 2 and R 3 means a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, Specific examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, an isobutyl group, a pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a hexyl group and an isohexyl group.
- preferred examples of the lower alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group and an isopropyl group.
- the lower alkoxyl group in the definition of R and R 2 means an alkoxy group derived from a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and specific examples thereof include methoxy.
- examples of preferred lower alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy and isopropoxy groups.
- R and R 2 are bonded to adjacent carbon atoms, and R! And R 2 are bonded to each other.
- R! And R 2 are bonded together with an atom to form a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, or a carbon which may have 1 to 6 lower alkyl groups.
- R 2 in these formulas naphtha Li down ring, Fuwenan preparative Ren ring, Ann anthracene ring, Alternatively, a 1,2,3,4-pentahydronaphthalene ring or an indane ring which may have 1 to 6 lower alkyl groups at the hydrogenated position is represented.
- cycloalkane or cycloalgen means that the carbon atoms adjacent to each other and R 2 are bonded to each other in the benzene ring in the above formulas (I), (II) and (III). This is because, in this case, the bonding state may be two carbon atoms represented by a single bond or two carbon atoms represented by a double bond.
- the cycloalkane or cycloalgen having 5 or 6 carbon atoms which may have 1 to 6 lower alkyl groups is It is particularly preferable to apply the production method of the present invention to a compound that is cyclopentane or cyclohexane having 3 to 6 lower alkyl groups.
- a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, or a cycloalkane or cycloalgen formed by R and R 2 together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded is contained in the isochroman skeleton of the compound represented by the above formula (I).
- the isochroman skeleton of the compound represented by the above formula (I) Of the 5.6, 6, 7 and 7,8 positions, any two adjacent carbon atoms may be shared, and 2-phenylalkane represented by the formula (II) may be used.
- any two adjacent carbon atoms may be shared, and
- the compound represented by the above formula (III) may share any two adjacent carbon atoms in the 1,2- and 2,3-positions in the benzene ring.
- Examples of the isochroman compound represented by the above formula (I) produced by the method of the present invention include an isochroman represented by the following formula (A), and an isochromane compound represented by the following formula (B) 6 —Oxa-1,2,3,3,8—Hexamethyl—2,3,5,6,7,8—Hexahydro 1H—Venz [f] 1 Indene (Galactolide), below 6-oxa-1,1,3,8-tetramethyl-3-ethyl 2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydrol represented by the formula (C) 1H—benz [f] 1 indene 6-oxa-1,1,3,3,8-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-benz [f] represented by the following formula (D): Indene includes:
- examples of aryl alcohols represented by the formula (II) include phenylethyl alcohol represented by the following formula (i): — ( ⁇ , ⁇ , 2 ', 3', 3'-pentamethylindane-5'-yl) 1 1 1 propanol, represented by the following formula (iii) 2-((-ethyl ⁇ ⁇ , 3 ', 3'-trimethylindane-5'-yl) 11-propanol and 2- ( ⁇ , ⁇ , 3', 3'-tetramethylindane represented by the following formula (iv) One 5'-yl) One 1-propanol Is:
- examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon compound represented by the formula (III) include benzene, lower alkyl-substituted benzene, lower alkoxy-substituted benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, indane, and lower.
- examples thereof include alkyl-substituted indane, tetralin, and lower alkyl-substituted tetralin.
- examples of the ones to which the production method of the present invention is preferably applied include benzene, 1,1,2,3,3-pentamethylindane represented by the following formula (a), and the following formula ( Examples include 1,1,3—trimethyl-3-ethylindane represented by b) and 1,1,3,3-tetramethylindane represented by the following formula (c):
- Examples of the Friedel-Crafts catalyst used in the present invention include aluminum chloride, tin tetrachloride, titanium tetrachloride, zinc chloride, and aluminum bromide. Minium, antimony trichloride, antimony pentachloride and aluminum iodide. Among them, preferred are aluminum chloride, tin tetrachloride and titanium tetrachloride, and particularly preferred are aluminum chloride and tin tetrachloride.
- the Friedel-Crafts catalyst is used in an amount of 0.5 to 1.5 mol per 1 mol of the arylalkanol represented by the formula ( ⁇ ) or the aromatic hydrocarbon compound represented by the formula (III). Preferably, it is used in an amount of from 0.7 to 1.1 mol.
- the alkylene oxide used in the present invention is ethylenoxide or propylene oxide.
- Alkylene oxide may be used in an amount that is substantially equimolar to the aromatic hydrocarbon compound represented by the formula (III), and any one of the alkylene oxide and the aromatic hydrocarbon compound may be used. One may be used in excess.
- the method of the present invention comprises the steps of: adding an aqueous formaldehyde solution having a concentration of 40 to 70% by weight to a Friedel 'Crafts catalyst complex of an aryl alkanol represented by the formula (II); It is characterized by having a step of cyclizing the reaction force.
- the Friedel-Crafts catalyst complex of an aryl alcohol can be prepared by mixing an aryl alkanol with a Friedel 'Kraft catalyst. Therefore, one embodiment of the method of the present invention is to mix the aryl alcohol according to the present invention with a Friedel 'Crafts catalyst, and to prepare a Friedel-Craftu catalyst complex of the aryl catalyst. And a 40-70% by weight aqueous solution of formaldehyde is added to the obtained aryl alkanol feeder 'craft catalyst complex to cyclize the aryl alkanol. Process.
- a Friedel's catalyst catalyst complex of aryl alcohol is used to convert an aromatic hydrocarbon compound represented by the above formula (III) into an alkyleneoxy group in the presence of a Friedel's catalyst.
- another aspect of the method of the present invention is to react an aromatic hydrocarbon compound of the present invention with an alkylene oxide in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst to obtain a phenyl alkanol.
- the reaction of the aromatic hydrocarbon compound with the alkylene oxide can be performed by a known method.
- the reaction is preferably performed in the presence of a solvent, and more preferably in the presence of a chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent.
- chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents include dichloromethane and dichloroethane, with dichloromethane being most preferred.
- This reaction can be carried out at a temperature in the range of 140 to 0 ° C, preferably 130 to 120 ° C. When the reaction is carried out at a temperature within this range, side reactions hardly occur, the reaction rate is appropriate, and a high yield can be achieved.
- the reaction time is preferably about 30 minutes to 5 hours.
- an aqueous solution of formaldehyde having a concentration of 40 to 70% by weight, preferably 40 to 55% by weight is added to the complex.
- the aqueous formaldehyde solution may be directly added to the reaction mixture of the aromatic hydrocarbon compound and the alkylene oxide according to the present invention.
- an aqueous formaldehyde solution having a concentration of 40 to 70% by weight it is important to use an aqueous formaldehyde solution having a concentration of 40 to 70% by weight.
- an aqueous solution of formaldehyde having a concentration of less than 40% by weight the reaction operation becomes complicated.
- commercially available formalin (37% by weight aqueous solution of formaldehyde) is used, the reaction mixture gels, and the reaction yield becomes poor.
- the amount of the aqueous formaldehyde solution to be added is preferably such that the amount of formaldehyde is 0.7 to 1.1 mol per 1 mol of the aromatic hydrocarbon compound represented by the above formula (().
- the aqueous formaldehyde solution is preferably free of aryl alkanols at a temperature of preferably between 40 and 20 ° C, more preferably between 30 and 5 ° C, particularly preferably between -30 and 0 ° C. Added to the Dell'Claff catalyst complex.
- the cyclization reaction can be carried out usually at a temperature in the range of ⁇ 30 to 30 ° C., preferably 0 to 30 ° C. When the reaction is carried out at a temperature within this range, side reactions are unlikely to occur, the reaction rate is appropriate, and a high yield can be achieved.
- the reaction time is preferably about 1 to 5 hours.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon compound represented by the above formula ( ⁇ ⁇ ) is mixed with a Friedel-Craft catalyst (eg, aluminum chloride) and chlorinated carbonized. Add hydrogen solvent (eg dichloromethane). The resulting mixture
- the mixture After cooling to a temperature of about ⁇ 40 to ⁇ 20 ° C., and then dissolving the alkylene oxide in a chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent (for example, dichloromethane), the mixture is mixed for about 2 to 5 hours. To be dropped. During this time, the reaction system is maintained at a temperature of about 140 to 120 ° C. Thereafter, an aqueous solution of formaldehyde having a concentration of 40 to 70% by weight is added to the obtained reaction mixture at a temperature of 130 to 120 ° C for about 20 to 30 minutes. Perform the reaction at the specified reaction temperature for 2 to 3 hours with stirring to complete the reaction. Water is added to the reaction product to remove the resulting aqueous phase containing the Friedel-Crafts catalyst.
- a chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent for example, dichloromethane
- the organic phase containing the product is washed with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) at a concentration of 5 to 10% by weight with a weak basicity.
- the organic phase containing the product is distilled to remove the solvent, followed by vacuum distillation.
- the desired isochroman compound represented by the above formula (I) can be obtained in high yield.
- an isochroman compound for example, galaxolide
- galaxolide can be obtained in high yield and with high purity, containing almost no unreacted raw materials and by-products (high-boiling substances).
- the reaction product of the present invention is a product whose odor can sufficiently withstand use as a fragrance.
- the method of the present invention it is not necessary to introduce hydrogen chloride gas from the outside into the reaction, and there is substantially no generation of unnecessary free hydrogen chloride gas during the reaction. Therefore, the method of the present invention is remarkably simple in operation and requires less equipment than the conventional method in which hydrogen chloride gas is introduced from the outside or the method in which hydrogen chloride gas is generated during the reaction step. It has the feature of low corrosion.
- the method of the present invention requires such an inactivating agent as compared with a method comprising a step of adding a compound having a free hydroxyl group to the reaction system as an inactivating agent for inactivating the medium. And the reaction can be performed at a low temperature, so that the post-treatment process can be simplified.
- an isochroman compound can be produced in a single-step reaction using an aromatic hydrocarbon compound as a starting material.- The steps are simplified as compared with the conventional method. Therefore, the method of the present invention can be implemented very economically. Furthermore, according to the method of the present invention, an isochroman compound can be produced in high yield, and from this point of view, the method of the present invention is very economical.
- the temperature of the reaction system was maintained at 120 ° C to 130 ° C. After the addition was completed, the obtained mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 15 minutes. Then the 18 g (0.282 mol) of a 47% aqueous solution of formaldehyde was added to the mixture at 5 ° C. for 30 minutes. While stirring the resulting mixture, the temperature was raised to 20 ° C. After stirring at the same temperature for 2 hours and 30 minutes, 100 g of water was carefully dropped into the obtained mixture at a temperature of 30 eC or less. While stirring the resulting mixture, the temperature was raised to 40 ° C. After stirring at the same temperature for 1 hour, the resulting reaction mixture was allowed to stand, and the phases were separated.
- the temperature of the reaction system was maintained at -20 ° C to -30 ° C. After completion of the dropwise addition, the obtained mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 15 minutes. Thereafter, 18 g (0.282 mol) of a 47% aqueous solution of formaldehyde was added to the mixture at 5 ° C for 30 minutes. While stirring the resulting mixture, the temperature was raised to 20 ° C. After stirring at the same temperature for 2 hours and 30 minutes, 100 g of water was carefully dropped into the obtained mixture at a temperature of 30 ° C or lower. While stirring the resulting mixture, its temperature was raised to 40 ° C. After stirring at the same temperature for 1 hour, the resulting reaction mixture was allowed to stand, and the phases were separated.
- the temperature of the reaction system was maintained at 120 ° C to -30 ° C. End of dripping After completion, the resulting mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 15 minutes. Thereafter, at 120 ° C., 8.6 g (0.478 mol) of water was added dropwise to the mixture. Next, while introducing 8.4 g (0.266 mol) of formaldehyde generated by thermal decomposition of paraformaldehyde into the obtained mixture, the reaction was carried out at room temperature (22 ° C.) for 3 hours. To the resulting reaction mixture was added 90 g of water. While stirring the resulting mixture, its temperature was raised to 40 ° C.
- the temperature of the reaction system was maintained at -20 ° C to -30. After completion of the dropwise addition, the obtained mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 15 minutes. The resulting mixture is stirred. While stirring, the temperature was raised to 5 ° C. Thereafter, 23 g (0.284 mol) of a 37% aqueous solution of formaldehyde was added to the mixture at the same temperature for 30 minutes. While stirring the resulting reaction mixture, the temperature was raised to 20 ° C. At that time, the reaction mixture became a gel, and stirring was difficult. 90 g of water was added to the obtained reaction mixture. While stirring the resulting mixture, the temperature was raised to 40 ° C.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Pyrane Compounds (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE69616343T DE69616343T2 (de) | 1995-05-10 | 1996-04-22 | Verfahren zur herstellung von isochromanverbindungen. |
EP96910222A EP0842928B1 (en) | 1995-05-10 | 1996-04-22 | Process for producing isochroman compounds |
US08/945,798 US5912362A (en) | 1995-05-10 | 1996-04-22 | Process for preparing isochroman compounds |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP7/111543 | 1995-05-10 | ||
JP7111543A JP2774459B2 (ja) | 1995-05-10 | 1995-05-10 | イソクロマン類の製造法 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1996035684A1 true WO1996035684A1 (fr) | 1996-11-14 |
Family
ID=14564046
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1996/001088 WO1996035684A1 (fr) | 1995-05-10 | 1996-04-22 | Procede de production de composes d'isochromane |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5912362A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0842928B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2774459B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1092650C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69616343T2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1996035684A1 (ja) |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6310782A (ja) * | 1986-07-01 | 1988-01-18 | Kao Corp | イソクロマン類の製法 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB991146A (en) * | 1962-07-23 | 1965-05-05 | Int Flavors & Fragrances Inc | New tricyclic isochromans with musk odour |
US3532719A (en) * | 1968-10-28 | 1970-10-06 | Int Flavors & Fragrances Inc | Process for production of isochromans |
GB1552004A (en) * | 1976-05-26 | 1979-09-05 | Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd | Isochroman derivatives |
JPS6310783A (ja) * | 1985-11-15 | 1988-01-18 | Nippon Kayaku Co Ltd | 新規フオルスコリン誘導体 |
-
1995
- 1995-05-10 JP JP7111543A patent/JP2774459B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-04-22 CN CN96195224A patent/CN1092650C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-04-22 WO PCT/JP1996/001088 patent/WO1996035684A1/ja active IP Right Grant
- 1996-04-22 DE DE69616343T patent/DE69616343T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-04-22 EP EP96910222A patent/EP0842928B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-04-22 US US08/945,798 patent/US5912362A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6310782A (ja) * | 1986-07-01 | 1988-01-18 | Kao Corp | イソクロマン類の製法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1189828A (zh) | 1998-08-05 |
EP0842928A4 (en) | 1998-07-08 |
EP0842928A1 (en) | 1998-05-20 |
EP0842928B1 (en) | 2001-10-24 |
US5912362A (en) | 1999-06-15 |
CN1092650C (zh) | 2002-10-16 |
JPH08301863A (ja) | 1996-11-19 |
DE69616343D1 (de) | 2001-11-29 |
DE69616343T2 (de) | 2002-07-04 |
JP2774459B2 (ja) | 1998-07-09 |
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