WO1996032751A1 - Water-repellency agent for cells and cells - Google Patents
Water-repellency agent for cells and cells Download PDFInfo
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- WO1996032751A1 WO1996032751A1 PCT/JP1996/000953 JP9600953W WO9632751A1 WO 1996032751 A1 WO1996032751 A1 WO 1996032751A1 JP 9600953 W JP9600953 W JP 9600953W WO 9632751 A1 WO9632751 A1 WO 9632751A1
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- battery
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- aqueous dispersion
- polymer
- fine particles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/383—Hydrogen absorbing alloys
- H01M4/385—Hydrogen absorbing alloys of the type LaNi5
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
- H01M4/623—Binders being polymers fluorinated polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/34—Gastight accumulators
- H01M10/345—Gastight metal hydride accumulators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a water repellency-imparting agent for a battery and a battery obtained by using the same.
- the performance of these batteries is largely determined by the active material of the battery (hereinafter simply referred to as the “active material”), even among the electrode materials for the positive and negative electrodes of the battery.
- the active material is a positive electrode active material dioxide Ma emission gun (M n 0 n), hydroxide of two Tsu Ke Le (N i (OH) 2) Ku Le bet acid Li Ji U-time (L i C o O 2), two Tsu Quai Le acids Li Ji U beam (L i N i 0 9) , pentoxide nosed di ⁇ beam (V 2 0 "), pentoxide niobium Bed (N b 2 0 I :),
- the active material of the negative electrode is cadmium hydroxide (Cd (OH) 2 ), hydrogen Storage alloy (M-H), carbon material (natural or artificial graphite, Cokes, etc.).
- Electrodes are made by binding with conductive carbonaceous materials such as graphite and graphite, and in this case, they have excellent chemical resistance, heat resistance, and binding properties.
- Fluorine resin has been widely used as a suitable binder.
- polytetrafluoroethylene is used as a binder, for example, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-23636. 2 in 5 8 JP, Li Ji U beam primary battery positive electrode active material in Ru Oh M n 0 2 and a Se Ji Le emissions Bed rack, grayed La off ⁇ I bets, etc.
- conductive carbonaceous Use a high molecular weight polydisperse polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) dispersion to bind the material to the material.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- manganese oxide which is the active material of the positive electrode of a zinc-air battery
- carbon which is a conductive carbonaceous material
- PVDF polyvinylidene polyfluoride
- the cycle life characteristics can be improved, although it is a measure of the performance of these secondary batteries.
- Secondary batteries that use nickel compounds as the positive electrode active material, especially nickel-hydrogen secondary batteries In a battery, oxygen gas is generated from the positive electrode during rapid charging due to overcharging and large current, and the internal pressure of the battery rises. This is a major factor and the cycle life is shortened. In other words, if the internal pressure of the battery rises too much and the installed safety valve is activated, the aqueous electrolyte solution, oxygen gas, etc. are discharged outside the battery and the discharge capacity is discharged. And the liquid leakage phenomenon occurs. As a result, there is a problem that the life is shortened.
- the solution to this problem is to accelerate the reaction of rapidly dispersing the generated gas back to water, oxides or hydrides.
- This can be achieved by adjusting the capacity balance between the positive and negative electrodes to increase the capacity of the negative electrode, and by adding a catalyst capable of reducing carbon dioxide to the negative electrode. It has been implemented.
- the gas can be rapidly diffused back to water, oxides or hydrides at the gas-liquid-solid three-phase interface in the electrode. Therefore, this interface is to be finely, densely, and uniformly present inside or on the surface of the electrode (particularly, the negative electrode).
- the nickel-hydrogen rechargeable battery uses a fluorine resin that has a feature that it is easy to form a three-phase interface because of its low surface energy and high water repellency.
- a water-repellent function has been used at the same time.
- reaction mechanism of a fuel cell is one that positively reacts at the three-phase interface between gas, electrolyte, and catalyst, which are just fuels, and is used there.
- Fluorocarbon resins also have both functions of binding and water repellency.
- PTFE obtained by emulsion polymerization, especially among fluororesins, has a small shearing force unless it has been previously heat-treated at a temperature higher than its melting point. It has the property that it is easy to Therefore, when mixed with other powdered materials, it easily generates fibrils, and exhibits the action of tightening them, that is, the binding property. This binding property and extremely excellent chemical resistance and heat resistance are the reasons why fluorocarbon resin is used as a binder for battery electrodes, and PTFE is also used as the binder.
- Various primary and secondary batteries for example, air-zinc primary batteries, Alkali-manganese primary batteries, lithium primary batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries) Rechargeable batteries, nickel-hydrogen rechargeable batteries, lithium ion rechargeable batteries, etc.
- nickel-cadmium secondary batteries, nickel-hydrogen secondary batteries, or fuel cells that require water repellency as well as binding properties
- a small amount of PTFE is sufficient for fibrillation, but in order to give the electrode a dense and uniform water repellency, do not use an amount larger than that required for binding. I have to do it.
- Increasing the water repellency by increasing the amount of PTFE is usually accompanied by some difficulties and is, for example, easy to fibrillate, so it is essentially other liquids.
- PTFE poly(ethylene glycol)
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 5-224908 discloses a fluororesin powder having an average molecular weight of 300,000 or less.
- low molecular weight PTFE homopolymer
- FEP tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer
- the purpose of the present invention is to avoid using fluororesin powder as it is, and to form a fibril even when mixed with an electrode material.
- a water-repellent agent for batteries that has high chemical resistance, heat resistance, and more effectively increases water repellency, and that is excellent in workability.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a battery having excellent cycle life and internal pressure characteristics. Disclosure of invention
- tetrafluoroethylene having an average particle diameter of 0.05 to: Lm.
- One fluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer hereinafter also referred to as “PFA”
- PFA fluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer
- TFE Z or non-fibril forming tetramer Fluoroethylene
- the present invention relates to a battery obtained by using the above-mentioned water repellency imparting agent for a battery. Brief description of the drawings
- FIG. 1 is a graph for explaining the cycle characteristics of the discharge capacity of the battery of the present invention.
- BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method of mixing PFA and Z or non-fibril forming TFE polymer with an electrode material.
- Aqueous dispersion or onoreganozol containing fine particles of PFE and non-fibril-forming TFE polymer that does not form a fibrinol As a result, it has been found that higher water repellency can be obtained as a result of more uniform mixing with the electrode material and application to the electrode. However, it is possible to solve the above problem.
- PTFE if it is fibrillated, either a homopolymer or a modified PTFE will suffice.
- fine particles of PFA and Z or non-fibril-forming TFE polymer are used, for example, inside an electrode (particularly, a negative electrode). It is thought that excellent water repellency can be obtained because they are uniformly and densely dispersed on the surface.
- the TFE polymer which can be used in the water repellency-imparting agent of the present invention is non-fibril-forming and excellent in water repellency, heat resistance and chemical resistance.
- Non-fibrils such as non-fibril forming PTFE (homopolymer) ⁇ non-fibril forming modified PTFE, etc.
- the formable TFE polymer is exposed.
- As the non-fibril-forming modified PTFE a polymer obtained by copolymerizing TFE with a small amount of another comonomer that does not impart melt flowability is used. Including coalescence.
- the comonomers include hexafluoropropylene, chlorotrif-norethyloethylene, and.
- Fluoro (Areile Vinyl), Perfluoro (Asoire Koki Vinylirete), Trifoleo Ethylene and Ha It can be used to produce fluoroalkyl soleins.
- the copolymerization ratio of the comonomer varies depending on the type of the comonomer, the comonomer is, for example, perfluoro (vinyl alcohol vinyl). Or, if you use a perforated mouth, usually up to 2% by weight, preferably 0.01%. It can be used as a copolymer component in an amount of up to 1% by weight.
- TFE—perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) (PFAVE) copolymer (PFA) (however, the copolymerization ratio of PFAVE is More than 2% by weight), TFE — hexafoleopropane propylene (HFP) copolymer (FEP), TFE-PFAVE-HFP terpolymer (EPA), TFE — HFP — vinyl
- PFAVE perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer
- HFP hexafoleopropane propylene
- EPA TFE-PFAVE-HFP terpolymer
- VDF ternary fluoride
- one or more of these non-fibril-forming TFE polymers and PFAs can be used.
- the water repellency-imparting agent various types other than the TFE polymer are used.
- the copolymer does not originally have the fibril-forming property according to the present invention.
- the fibril-forming ability of the TFE polymer is related to its average molecular weight.
- the average molecular weight of ordinary high-molecular-weight PTFE (homopolymer) is determined by a conversion formula using the standardized specific gravity of molded articles (for example, The formula described in Kohei No. 4 1 1 5 4 8 4 2:
- n represents the number average molecular weight
- SSG represents the standard specific gravity defined by ASTMD—1455783a
- the presence or absence of the ability to form a filament is determined by using a powder made from an emulsion polymer of TFE.
- "High molecular weight PTFE fine powder” Judgment was made by “paste extrusion”, which is a typical method of forming “I”.
- paste extrusion is possible because high molecular weight PTFE has a fibril-forming property and was obtained by paste extrusion.
- Unsintered molded articles have no substantial strength, no elongation, e.g. no elongation at 0%, no elongation, no fibril-forming properties (I.e., non-fibril forming).
- the water repellency-imparting agent of the present invention is characterized by using a non-fibril-forming TFE polymer (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “polymer”) or PFA as described above.
- polymer also simply referred to as “polymer”
- these fine particles are formed into a liquid form such as an aqueous dispersion or an organosol, and the imparting agent is used.
- the imparting agent is used.
- the fine particles need to have a sufficiently small average particle size.
- the smaller the average particle size the higher the surface area per unit weight of the fine particles of the polymer or PFA, the higher the water repellency of the electrode, and the more the three-phase interface is formed. It gets worse.
- the smaller the particle size the more advantageous in terms of uniform dispersion, the better.
- the average particle diameter is in the range of 0.05 to L / zm. If it is larger than this, it is necessary to increase the amount of addition in order to obtain a water repellent effect in the electrode, and it is not only uneconomical but also the battery performance per capacity. descend .
- the preferred average particle size is from 0.05 to 0.3 zm, and more preferably from 0.05 to 0.3 zm. It is 1 um.
- the average particle size of the fine particles of the non-fibrillar TFE polymer is 0.05 to 0.3 / m, and the fine particles of the polymer have a particle diameter of 38 to 0.3 / m. Since the melt viscosity at 0 is less than 1 X 10 'voice, it is excellent in productivity and uniform in the form of almost fine particles on the electrode surface or inside. It is distributed to.
- the polymer or PFA that forms the fine particles having an average particle diameter of 0.05 to lzm can be produced by ordinary emulsion polymerization.
- non-fibril-forming PTFE is disclosed, for example, in Japanese Patent Publication No. 57-22043 and Japanese Patent Publication No. It can be manufactured according to the manufacturing method described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No.
- PFA is produced, for example, by the production method described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 48-208788. In these production methods, an aqueous dispersion containing the fine particles is directly obtained.
- the concentration of the fine particles in the aqueous dispersion is 10 to 45% by weight.
- it can be easily produced by selecting the type and amount of the emulsifier used in the polymerization.
- the aqueous dispersion produced by the emulsion polymerization can be used as a water repellency-imparting agent as it is.
- a surfactant it is also preferable to add a surfactant to stabilize the composition.
- the type of the surfactant is not particularly limited, but at least one of an anion-based surfactant, a cation-based surfactant, and a non-ion-based surfactant is used. Can be used.
- the electrolyte used in the manufacture of batteries nickel-hydrogen rechargeable batteries mainly use an aqueous solution of lithium hydroxide).
- an ion-containing surfactant containing the same ion as the metal ion contained may be used, it is generally said that the aqueous dispersion has excellent stability. For this reason, nonionic surfactants are preferred.
- the type of the nonionic surfactant is not particularly limited, but is a group of polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester type surfactants, for example, fatty acid group.
- Polyoxyethylene compounds such as cholesterol ester, fatty acid sorbitan and mannitol ester are exposed to porcine.
- a group of xylene ethylene-condensed surfactants for example, higher fatty acids, higher alcohols, higher alkylamines, higher fatty acid amides, higher alkyls
- Polyoxyethylene condensates such as phenolic phenol and phenolic phenol can be obtained.
- surfactants of the polyethylenimine condensation type are also required.
- the nonionic surfactant may not be added, but if necessary, the amount of the nonionic surfactant to be added is not limited to the amount in the aqueous dispersion. It is sufficient that the amount is about 1 to 20% by weight based on the total amount of the polymer and z or the fine particles of the polymer. If it is too small, long-term dispersion stability may not be sufficient, and if it is too large, battery performance is adversely affected.
- the surfactant is not an essential one, and each electrode material is mixed without adding a surfactant to the aqueous dispersion. I don't support it.
- the fine particles of the PFA or the polymer in the aqueous dispersion according to the present invention may have an aqueous dispersion obtained by the emulsion polymerization as it is.
- Dilute or concentrate 1 to 70% by weight, preferably 5 to 70% by weight, more preferably 5 to 60% by weight, particularly preferably 10 to 70% by weight.
- the concentration is too high, the viscosity of the aqueous dispersion becomes high, resulting in poor workability. If the concentration is too low, it takes time and effort to remove an appropriate amount of water, and the efficiency of electrode production decreases. .
- the organozole containing the fine particles of the PFA and / or the polymer according to the present invention can be prepared from the aqueous dispersion obtained by the emulsion polymerization in a conventional manner (for example, The US Patent No. 2593
- the fine particles are separated by coagulation according to the specification of No. 583), and the powder obtained by further drying is mechanically placed in a dispersion medium as described below. Alternatively, it can be easily manufactured by redispersion by ultrasonic waves. Alternatively, the organosol can be prepared without using a powdering process by a translocation method as described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 49-17016. It can also be used.
- the fine particles of the PFA and / or the polymer are difficult to obtain in a finely dispersed state such as an aqueous dispersion in the onoreganosol. Or agglomerated.
- the agglomerated particles have a size of l to 5 m.
- the specific surface area is not substantially changed by the agglomeration.
- the average particle size does not mean the average particle size of the aggregated particles, but indicates the average particle size of the fine particles.
- the dispersion medium of the organosol is not particularly limited as long as it is an organic dispersion medium that wets the fine particles of the PFA and / or the Z or polymer.
- aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, tonolene and xylene, carbon tetrachloride, Halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroethylene, ketones such as methylisobutylketone (MIBK) and diisobutylphenol.
- Water-soluble alcohols such as esters, butanol acetate, etc., methanol, ethanol, isopropanol (IPA), N — Preference is given to methyl pyrrolidone (NMP).
- organic dispersion media that can be particularly preferably used are IPA, ethanol or MIBK. .
- An organic dispersion medium which is difficult to wet the PFA and / or polymer fine particles alone for example, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, diisobutyl; Ketones can also be made into organosols by adding a small amount of an oil-soluble surfactant.
- the electrode material When the electrode material is treated with a water repellent material using an organosol, the drying is easier than that of the aqueous dispersion, and the interface added like the aqueous dispersion is used. There is an advantage that the adverse effect of the activator on the electrode can be reduced.
- the concentration of the fine particles of PFA and / or Z or polymer in the organosol according to the present invention is 5 to 70% by weight, and more preferably 5 to 40% by weight. It is preferable to use it in the range of%. If the concentration is too high, the dispersibility is so high that it is difficult to obtain a uniform mixture with the electrode material, and even if the mixture is applied, the concentration distribution of the electrode material becomes non-uniform. . If the concentration is too low, the amount of copolymer and / or Z or polymer required for water repellency becomes difficult to obtain.
- the electrode material such as a battery active material and a conductive carbonaceous material used in the present invention
- the above-mentioned conventional electrode materials can be used.
- Methods for imparting water repellency to an electrode are described in, for example, JP-A-6-41649, JP-A-3-210767, and JP-A-6-44490.
- a hydrophilic resin as a binder or a thickener in an electrode material or a fibril as a binder in an electrode material.
- the water repellency-imparting agent of the present invention can be mixed at the same time. Wear . Even when the water repellency-imparting agent of the present invention is mixed with a strong shearing force, fibrils are not generated and the viscosity is not increased.
- the water repellency-imparting agent of the present invention is preferably made of an aqueous dispersion, because it is easily mixed uniformly with the above-mentioned electrode material. . Further, after the electrode material and the binder are mixed to form a paste, the water repellency-imparting agent of the present invention may be mixed, or the paste may be used as a current collector. After the application, the water repellency-imparting agent of the present invention can be impregnated or further applied before use.
- the aqueous dispersion of fibril-forming high-molecular-weight PTFE is added in advance to the aqueous dispersion containing fine particles of PFA or polymer to form the water repellency-imparting agent of the present invention. You may.
- the paste may be in the form of an aqueous dispersion.
- the above-mentioned hydrophilic resin is added when a negative electrode is produced by using a paste-like electrode material.
- Block copolymer polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid (including alkaline metal salt and ammonium salt), polyacryl Hydrophilic acrylic polymers such as acid-polymethacrylic acid copolymers (including metal salts and ammonium salts) and polyacrylonitrile amides , Polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydrophilic cellulose such as canolepoxymethylcellulose (CMC) and methylcellulose (MC) And natural hydrophilic high molecular compounds such as polysaccharides.
- CMC canolepoxymethylcellulose
- MC methylcellulose
- natural hydrophilic high molecular compounds such as polysaccharides.
- the hydrophilic resin is added to the aqueous dispersion containing fine particles of PFA or Z or a polymer to which a nonionic surfactant has been added in advance to form the water repellency-imparting agent of the present invention. You may.
- the concentration of the nonionic surfactant is 0 to 20% by weight, preferably 0 to 10% by weight, based on the overlapping amount of the polymer or PFA. is there .
- the concentration of the hydrophilic resin is 0 to 10% by weight s, preferably 0 to 5% by weight, based on the weight of the polymer or PFA.
- the batteries according to the present invention include, for example, a lead storage battery, a nickel-cadmium secondary battery, a nickel-hydrogen secondary battery, and a lithium ion battery.
- Rechargeable batteries, fuel cells, etc. are required, but in the production of electrode materials for batteries, both aqueous dispersion and organozole are required. And the ability to quickly respond to gas generation during rapid overcharge, thereby improving performance and improving nickel performance.
- Preferable is a miniature secondary battery or nickel-hydrogen secondary battery o
- the battery of the present invention can be obtained by a method such as It is.
- a fibril-forming high molecular weight PTFE aqueous dispersion (binder), a battery active material and a conductive carbonaceous material were uniformly mixed, applied to a current collector, and dried. After that, it is impregnated with a water repellency-imparting agent comprising the organozole of the invention.
- a separator made of a non-woven cloth of polyamide is arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode obtained by the above-described method, and the whole is spirally wound, and the size of the AA sheet is increased. Then, put the container in a nickel-coated container, fill it with an aqueous electrolyte solution, and close the lid.
- water repellency imparting agent for batteries of the present invention for example, Something like this is preferred
- This kind of water or organic dispersion medium is advantageous in terms of water repellency.
- Type Water or organic dispersing medium It is said that this imparting agent forms more three-phase interfaces even when used in the same amount because of its smaller particle size. It is superior in this respect.
- This kind of water or organic dispersion medium is superior in that it is easier to handle when used at an appropriate concentration of the dispersion medium.
- Type water or organic dispersion medium This imparting agent is advantageous in terms of water repellency.
- Type Water or organic dispersing medium This imparting agent is superior in that more three-phase interfaces are formed due to the smaller particle size. .
- This imparting agent has an appropriate dispersion medium and excellent handling properties.
- TFE polymer or PFA powder 50 g was mixed with 10.8 g of a hydrocarbon oil extrusion aid (trade name: IP 1620, manufactured by Idemitsu Petrochemical Co., Ltd.). Leave at room temperature (25 ⁇ 2) for 8 hours to allow the two to mix well. Next, an orifice with a cylinder (inner diameter 25.4 mm), an aperture angle of 30 degrees and an inner diameter of 2.54 mm and a land length of 7 mm was attached at the lower end. An extruder die having a disk is filled with the mixture, and a load of 6 O kg is applied to the piston inserted into the cylinder and held for 1 minute.
- a hydrocarbon oil extrusion aid trade name: IP 1620, manufactured by Idemitsu Petrochemical Co., Ltd.
- the mixture is extruded in a string at a speed of 20 mm mZ for Ram speed (piston pushing down speed) indoors. If a continuous extrudate is obtained, conduct a tensile test at room temperature at a tensile speed of 20 Om mZ min.
- a 40-m1 aqueous solution containing 300 mg of ammonium persulfate, which is one-fluoro mouth (propinole vinyl ether) and 300 mg of polymerization initiator was charged into the system and the reaction was started. During the reaction, keep the system temperature at 70, stirring at 250 rpm, and the internal pressure of the autoclave continuously at 1.0 ⁇ 0.05 MPa. Specifically supplied TFE.
- melt viscosity When the melt viscosity was measured using a part of the dry powder and the base was extruded, the melt viscosity was 1.5 x 10 4 voices.
- the extruded material was discontinuous and could not be replaced, and clearly had no strength or elongation due to fibrillation.
- organosol 1 an organosol of the obtained powder (hereinafter referred to as “organosol 1”) was produced. 100 parts by weight of powder is added to 100 parts by weight of isopropanol, and the mixture is irradiated with 30 KHz, 100 Watts of ultrasonic waves for 30 minutes. did. When the — part of the organosol was dried at room temperature and examined with an electron microscope, particles of about 3 in which fine particles had aggregated were observed. However, the average particle size of the basic fine particles was the same as the fine particles in the aqueous dispersion obtained immediately after the polymerization, that is, 0.08 zm.
- the remaining aqueous dispersion has Triton X as a non-ionic surfactant (Rome & Nose Company).
- Triton X as a non-ionic surfactant (Rome & Nose Company).
- the water was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the PFA was concentrated to a solid content of 60% by weight.
- the average particle size of the fine particles of PFA in the concentrated aqueous dispersion (hereinafter referred to as “aqueous dispersion 1”) was measured by an electron micrograph and was the same as that of the original aqueous dispersion. It was 0.08 / zm.
- Stainless steel (SUS316) auto with stainless steel anchor stirrer and temperature adjustment jacket, 6 liter capacity In the crepe, deionized water 296 mil.
- After adding 0 g replace the inside of the system three times with nitrogen and twice with TFE to remove oxygen, then adjust the internal pressure to 1. OMPa with TFE, and stir at 250 rpm. Then, the internal temperature was kept at 70.
- the powder was prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 1, this filtrate to have measure the melt viscosity was Tsu Oh in 2 X 1 0 5 V o's.
- organozol 2 The resulting powder, organozol (hereinafter referred to as “organozol 2”), was prepared using MIBK.
- Ultrasonic waves of 0 KHz and 100 ⁇ bits were irradiated for 30 minutes. Similar to organozol 1 obtained in Preparation Example 1, particles in which fine particles were agglomerated by electron microscopy were observed, but the average particle size of the basic fine particles was found immediately after polymerization. It was 0.22 m, the same as that of the original aqueous dispersion.
- the remaining aqueous dispersion contains Triton X—100 (manufactured by ROHM & NORTH COMPANY) as a non-ionic surfactant. Based on the weight of the TFE polymer obtained 6.
- aqueous dispersion 2 The average particle size of the fine particles of the TFE compound in the concentrated aqueous dispersion (hereinafter referred to as “aqueous dispersion 2”) was measured by an electron micrograph and was the same as that of the original aqueous dispersion. It was 0.22 m.
- a portion of the aqueous dispersion of (1) was concentrated by the same method as in Preparation Example 1 or 2, and the aqueous dispersion was concentrated so that the solid content of the polymer was 60% by weight ( Hereinafter, an “aqueous dispersion 3 J” was obtained.
- the average particle diameter of the fine particles of the polymer in the aqueous dispersion 3 was determined to be the same as that of the original aqueous dispersion by measurement with an electron micrograph. It was the same 0.
- Triton X—100 (Roam & Haas Kanno, manufactured by Nihon Kabushiki Kaisha) is used as an aqueous nonionic surfactant in the remaining aqueous dispersion.
- aqueous dispersion 4 Aqueous dispersion (hereinafter, referred to as “aqueous dispersion 4”) was obtained by adding ion-exchanged water so that the amount became 10% by weight.
- the average particle size of the fine U particles of the polymer in the aqueous dispersion 4 was 0.12 / m, which was the same as that of the aqueous dispersion, as measured by an electron micrograph.
- the average particle diameter of 3 2 // hydrogen occlusion alloy of m (three virtues Metals E Co., Ltd., M m N i 3 5 A 1 0 5 C o? M ⁇ 0 ⁇ 3) 1 0 0 weight
- aqueous PTFE dispersion (Daikin D-1 manufactured by Kogyo Co., Ltd., polymer concentration: 60% by weight, melt viscosity: 1 ⁇ 10 11 voice, average molecular weight: about 300,000)
- the contact angle of water on the surface of the electrode thus produced was 48 degrees.
- This electrode was immersed in the organosol 1 or 2 prepared in Preparation Example 1 or 2 and dried.
- the amount of PFA or polymer impregnated in the electrode was about 5 parts by weight.
- the contact angle of water on the electrode surface after drying was 120 degrees when using organosol 1 and 115 degrees when using organosol 2 Met.
- the aqueous PTFE aqueous dispersion used in Example 1 was similarly used to reduce the polymer component force to 10 parts by weight.
- the aqueous dispersion 1 or 2 obtained in Preparation Example 1 or 2 (Polymer content of 60% by weight of the polymer was 1% of the polymer content). Mix them so that they become 0 weight parts, cool them with ice water using a homogenizer while mixing them at 100,000 rpm for 20 minutes. This was coated on a piece of aluminum foil with a roller, and then dried at room temperature and then at 80 ° C. The surface of the electrode thus prepared was prepared.
- the contact angle with respect to water was 59 degrees when the aqueous dispersion 1 was used, and 56 degrees when the aqueous dispersion 2 was used. Olga
- the contact angle with water before the immersion of the sol was 48 degrees, which was larger than 48 degrees. That is, by using 20 parts by weight of fibril-forming PTFE, 10 parts by weight of fibril-forming PTFE and 10 parts by weight of non-fibril-forming TFE polymer are used. The use of parts by weight was superior in water repellency.
- Example 1 Instead of the commercially available PTFE aqueous dispersion in Example 1, 20 parts by weight of the aqueous dispersion 1 obtained in Preparation Example 1 was mixed with 100 parts by weight of the hydrogen storage alloy, and An attempt was made to produce a paste, but the viscosity was too low to form a paste. The same results were obtained using the aqueous dispersion 2 obtained in Preparation Example 0.
- the average particle diameter of 3 2 m of the hydrogen occlusion alloy (3 virtue Metals Industry Co., Ltd., M m N i. 5 A 1 0 5 C o Q? M n Q 3) to 1 0 wt% A commercially available aqueous PTFE dispersion (D-1 manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd., polymer concentration: 60% by weight, average molecular weight: about 300,000) diluted in water was added to the polymer solid dispersion. The concentration was adjusted so that the concentration became 2% by weight with respect to the hydrogen storage alloy.
- the aqueous dispersion 1 prepared in Preparation Example 1 was diluted to 10% by weight S%, and the solid content concentration of the TFE polymer was increased to 2% by weight with respect to the hydrogen storage alloy. I added it. Further, a 5% by weight aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol as a thickener has a polyvinyl alcohol force of 0.5% by weight with respect to the hydrogen storage alloy.
- a conductive carbonaceous material carbon fine powder is added to the hydrogen storage alloy so as to be 5% by weight with respect to the hydrogen storage alloy, and kneaded to produce a paste. did.
- Electrode A This paste is applied to a nickel metal plated punching metal plate and smoothed with a slit to produce an electrode.
- the electrode is pressurized with a 5-ton press, adjusted to a certain thickness through a roller press, and dried at 100 for 2 hours.
- the lead plate was attached by spot welding and electrodes (hereinafter referred to as “electrode A”) were obtained.
- a foamed nickel electrode in which a well-known foamed metal was filled with nickel hydroxide was used.
- a commercially available polyamide nonwoven fabric was used for the separator.
- a separator is placed between the electrode A and the positive electrode, the whole is spirally wound, and is housed in a AA-sized nickel-plated container. After injecting an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide with a specific gravity of 1.30, close the lid, and place a sealed cylindrical battery with a rated capacity of 120 OmAh (hereinafter referred to as “battery A”). It was made.
- Example 4 After injecting an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide with a specific gravity of 1.30, close the lid, and place a sealed cylindrical battery with a rated capacity of 120 OmAh (hereinafter referred to as “battery A”). It was made.
- Example 3 an electrode (hereinafter referred to as “electrode”) was used in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the aqueous dispersion 2 prepared in Preparation Example 2 was used instead of the aqueous dispersion 1. Electrode B ”) and a battery (hereinafter referred to as” battery B ").
- Example 3 in place of the aqueous dispersion 1, a commercially available aqueous PTFE dispersion (D-1 manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd., polymer concentration: 60% by weight, average molecular weight: about 3%) was used.
- An electrode hereinafter referred to as “electrode C” was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the battery (hereinafter referred to as “battery C”) was used. ).
- a commercially available aqueous PTFE dispersion (D-1 manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd., polymer concentration: 60% by weight, average molecular weight: about 300,000) diluted to the overlap%
- the solid content of the mar was added to be 4% by weight with respect to the hydrogen storage alloy.
- a 5% by weight aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol as a thickener becomes 0.5% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol relative to the hydrogen storage alloy.
- a paste was prepared by adding carbon fine powder as a conductive carbonaceous material so as to be 5% by weight with respect to the hydrogen storage alloy and kneading the paste. .
- Electrode D The paste was applied to a nickel metal plated punching metal plate and smoothed with a slit to produce an electrode.
- This electrode was pressurized with a 5-ton pressurizer, and further adjusted to a certain thickness through a roller press. Thereafter, the organozole 1 prepared in Preparation Example 1 was applied to the electrode surface in an amount of 0.4 to 0.5 mg Zcm 2, and then applied to the electrode. C was dried for 5 hours. After cutting, the lead plate was attached by spot welding and the electrode (hereinafter referred to as “electrode D”) was obtained.
- a foamed nickel electrode in which a well-known foamed metal was filled with nickel hydroxide was used.
- a commercially available polyamide nonwoven fabric was used for the separator.
- a separator is arranged between the electrode D and the positive electrode, and the whole is spirally wound, and is housed in a container provided with an AA size nickel-plated metal. After injecting an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide with a specific gravity of 1.30, close the lid, and use a sealed cylindrical battery with a rated capacity of 120 OmAh (hereinafter referred to as “battery D”). It was made.
- Example 5 was repeated except that organozol 2 prepared in Preparation Example 2 was used instead of organozol 1 in Example 5. O 96/32751
- Electrode E An electrode (hereinafter, referred to as “electrode E”) was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5, and a battery (hereinafter, referred to as “battery E”) was obtained.
- Example 3 an electrode (hereinafter referred to as “electrode”) was used in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the aqueous dispersion 3 prepared in Preparation Example 3 was used instead of the aqueous dispersion 1. Electrode F ”) and a battery (hereinafter“ Battery F ”).
- Example 3 an electrode (hereinafter referred to as “electrode”) was used in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the aqueous dispersion 4 prepared in Preparation Example 3 was used instead of the aqueous dispersion 1. Electrode G ”) and a battery (hereinafter“ Battery G ”).
- the batteries A to G produced in this way were charged at a temperature of 20 at a current of 0.1 C for 15 hours, and then discharged at a current of 0.2 C to reduce the voltage of the batteries.
- the charge / discharge was repeated under the cycle condition where the discharge was stopped when the voltage reached 1.0 V, and the discharge capacity was measured as the performance of the battery.
- the cycle characteristics of the discharge capacity are shown in Fig. 1 assuming that the initial discharge capacity is 100.
- A is the cycle characteristic of the battery obtained in Example 3
- B is the cycle characteristic of the battery obtained in Example 4
- C is that of Comparative Example 2.
- the cycle characteristics of the obtained battery D is the cycle characteristics of the battery obtained in Example 5
- E is the cycle characteristics of the battery obtained in Example 6
- F is the performance of the battery.
- the cycle characteristics of the battery obtained in Example 7 and G indicate the cycle characteristics of the battery obtained in Example 8.
- the batteries A, B, and A using the aqueous dispersions or organozol prepared in Preparation Examples 1, 2, and 3 were used.
- D, E, F, and G have a longer cycle life than battery C, which does not use them.
- Aqueous dispersion used Polymer or copolymer Battery at 100th cycle Maximum internal pressure of average particle size of battery or organosol particles ( ⁇ m) (kg / cm ⁇ G)
- the water repellency imparting agent for batteries according to the present invention is remarkably excellent in water repellency, and is excellent in workability, heat resistance, and chemical resistance. Excellent life and internal pressure characteristics
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Materials Applied To Surfaces To Minimize Adherence Of Mist Or Water (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1019970706929A KR100337421B1 (ko) | 1995-04-10 | 1996-04-05 | 전지용발수성부여제및전지 |
DE69606397T DE69606397T2 (de) | 1995-04-10 | 1996-04-05 | Wasserabweisendes agens für zellen |
US08/930,542 US6156453A (en) | 1995-04-10 | 1996-04-05 | Water-repelling agent for batteries and battery |
EP96908367A EP0821423B1 (en) | 1995-04-10 | 1996-04-05 | Water-repellency agent for cells and cells |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP7/84259 | 1995-04-10 | ||
JP8425995 | 1995-04-10 | ||
JP7/327269 | 1995-12-15 | ||
JP32726995A JP3336839B2 (ja) | 1995-04-10 | 1995-12-15 | 電池用撥水性付与剤および電池 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1996032751A1 true WO1996032751A1 (en) | 1996-10-17 |
Family
ID=26425319
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1996/000953 WO1996032751A1 (en) | 1995-04-10 | 1996-04-05 | Water-repellency agent for cells and cells |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6156453A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0821423B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3336839B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100337421B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1089955C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69606397T2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1996032751A1 (ja) |
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-
1996
- 1996-04-05 DE DE69606397T patent/DE69606397T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-04-05 KR KR1019970706929A patent/KR100337421B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-04-05 WO PCT/JP1996/000953 patent/WO1996032751A1/ja active IP Right Grant
- 1996-04-05 CN CN96193141A patent/CN1089955C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-04-05 US US08/930,542 patent/US6156453A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-04-05 EP EP96908367A patent/EP0821423B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8105694B2 (en) | 2005-03-10 | 2012-01-31 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Polytetrafluoroethylene aqueous dispersion composition, polytetrafluoroethylene resin film and polytetrafluoroethylene resin impregnated article |
WO2014083741A1 (ja) * | 2012-11-28 | 2014-06-05 | パナソニック株式会社 | ニッケル水素蓄電池および組電池 |
US9755226B2 (en) | 2012-11-28 | 2017-09-05 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Nickel-hydrogen storage battery and battery pack |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0821423A1 (en) | 1998-01-28 |
DE69606397T2 (de) | 2000-06-29 |
US6156453A (en) | 2000-12-05 |
EP0821423A4 (en) | 1998-08-05 |
EP0821423B1 (en) | 2000-01-26 |
CN1181157A (zh) | 1998-05-06 |
JP3336839B2 (ja) | 2002-10-21 |
JPH08339809A (ja) | 1996-12-24 |
DE69606397D1 (de) | 2000-03-02 |
KR100337421B1 (ko) | 2002-10-09 |
CN1089955C (zh) | 2002-08-28 |
KR19980703525A (ko) | 1998-11-05 |
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