Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
  • E01C11/00—Details of pavings
  • E01C11/22—Gutters; Kerbs ; Surface drainage of streets, roads or like traffic areas
  • E01C11/224—Surface drainage of streets
  • E01C11/225—Paving specially adapted for through-the-surfacing drainage, e.g. perforated, porous; Preformed paving elements comprising, or adapted to form, passageways for carrying off drainage

Definitions

• the invention relates to a floor surface fastening, which develops a filter effect for flowing fluids and is preferably formed from porous material, such as concrete or plastic, and a floor element for producing a floor surface fastening.
• the pavement or the floor itself can be contaminated by hydrocarbons (petrol, oils, etc.). These substances have to be removed immediately, because otherwise they get directly into the sewage channels via the paved surfaces and are excreted there in downstream oil separators, collected and later removed have to. Contaminated surface water, in particular, must therefore currently be collected, cleaned and disposed of.
• the constructional facilities as well as the ongoing maintenance of sewage systems is very expensive. It is also already known to drain the surface water accumulating on closed surfaces directly into the substructure or into a drainage system via water-permeable floor elements.
• floor elements made of porous materials are used, which consist, for example, of seepage concrete or porous plastic and, if necessary, are surrounded by a frame to increase strength and passability.
• These floor elements can be designed as shaped stones and laid in the association.
• these porous floor elements have the disadvantage that, due to their homogeneous structure, the entry of dirt or solids ultimately leads to an air- and liquid-tight seal which cannot be remedied, so that the filter effect and biological activity in the floor element or in the substructure, which is due to the porosity, is inevitably lost again.
• oil contaminations are introduced into the conventional soil elements, but due to the low proportion of free pore volume, the biological degradation takes place very slowly depending on the low soil moisture, or biological activity is caused solely by the oxygen carried in the rainwater minor extent reached.
• the present invention aims to provide a floor surface fastening and a floor element of the type specified in the introduction, which as filter bodies are highly permeable to fluids, are not laid or overgrown by dirt particles, and in which, as well as in the substructure, a high biological level Activity is ensured that is maintained for a long time.
• the floor surface fastening according to the invention is characterized in that it has at least two layers one above the other in the flow direction from the inlet top to the outlet underside, of which the top layer on the inlet side is substantially thinner than each of the layers below it and the free flow cross sections of the layer on the inlet side are smaller than are the free flow cross-sections of each of the layers below, the dimensions of the free flow cross-sections increasing in the successive layers in the flow direction.
• the free flow cross sections in all layers are preferably formed by the pores of the porous materials forming the layers.
• free flow cross sections in all layers can be achieved by means of thorns and the like.
• shaped channels can be formed, which are preferably essentially conical or stepped from layer to layer.
• the layers are expediently formed from concrete of different grain size or from single- or multi-grain concrete.
• the invention also relates to a floor element for producing a floor surface fastener, which has the features described in connection with the floor surface fastener and has such an outline shape that it can be used e.g. can be laid seamlessly.
• the water accumulating on the surface is discharged unhindered into the soil.
• Contaminants contained in the water such as oils or petrol, are adsorbed to a certain degree in the pavement and regenerated later in a biological degradation process.
• the special structure of the free flow cross-sections in the flow direction and the resulting increasingly larger air volume significantly improve and accelerate the biological activity in the base element.
• the solids contained in the surface waters can only penetrate into the soil element up to a certain grain size; however, due to the increase in the free flow cross-section, they are not retained in the base element, but are carried into the substructure.
• the ventilation of the sub-floor is retained after the floor surface has been fixed.
• the solids retained on the surface of the floor surface fastening or the floor element can be easily taken up and removed.
• the pores on the surface as well as inside cannot become overgrown due to dirt particles, so that the drainage effect and biological degradation activity are retained within the surface fastening and also in the sub-floor.
• the cleaning and maintenance of the sewage shafts and channels is thereby reduced to a minimum.
• amphibians no longer get into the sewage shafts.
• the invention enables the execution and erection of walkable and passable surface fastenings for squares, streets and path sections as well as for converted surfaces, e.g. with the formation of a bandage, this surface fastening directly on a mechanically stable base layer, e.g. split, inclined concrete or water-permeable floor substructure (e.g. ballast bed ) can rest.
• a mechanically stable base layer e.g. split, inclined concrete or water-permeable floor substructure (e.g. ballast bed ) can rest.
• the floor elements can be drained into the substructure or via drainage pipes in which the leachate or other liquid media are fed to a central collector.
• openings can also be formed in the individual floor elements, which are arranged in such a way that in the surface fastening they result in channels oriented transversely to the flow direction, in which the infiltrating liquid, insofar as it cannot be adsorbed, flows off.
• the floor surface fastening or the floor element according to the invention can be produced from single-grain or multigrain concrete or similar porous materials, such as plastics, asphalt mixtures, etc.
• the floor elements can be adjusted to a corresponding Lay the subfloor or, as described in AT-PS No. 391 629, be produced with a frame. In this case too, it is ensured that the leachate penetrating into the surface of the floor element can be discharged through the free cavities into the substructure or into the sewer system.
• FIG. 1 a shows a cross section of a floor element according to the invention, which consists of porous material
• Fig. Lb shows a cross section through an alternative floor element according to the invention
• FIG. 2a shows an enlarged schematic partial representation of a floor surface fastening or a floor element made of porous material, one of the free flow cross-sections due to the porosity being shown enlarged and idealized;
• FIG. 2b shows an embodiment of the floor surface fastening, in which additional throughflow channels, also shown enlarged, are formed by shaping;
• Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of the filter effectiveness of the floor surface attachment or the floor element
• the cover layer 1, i.e. the first layer forming the inlet top of the floor element or filter stone has only a limited layer thickness d1 in the flow direction, the idealized free flow cross-section a of the layer 1 depending on the composition of the single- or multi-grain concrete forming the layer or another porous material, such as plastic, also has a defined size.
• FIG. 1b shows a floor element consisting of two layers with a frame body 4 for improving the structural strength properties of the floor element.
• 2a and 2b schematically show a partial section of a floor surface fastening or a floor element, with more than two layers being present.
• Each of the following layer 1 in the flow direction D Layer (s) 2, 3 ... differs from the first layer 1 in that the free flow cross-sections are each larger than the free flow cross-sections of the previous layer, which is achieved in that for the production of the layers 2, 3 ... for example, an increasingly coarse-grained one-grain or multigrain concrete is used. In any case, it must be ensured that in the flow direction D the spaces between the grains produce increasingly larger free flow cross sections b, c ... It is also important that the thickness d1 of the first layer 1 is significantly smaller than the thickness d2 or d3 ... of each further layer 2, 3
• Free flow cross sections a, b, c ... with increasing dimensions in the flow direction D can, as shown in Fig. 2b, also be mechanically formed using suitable manufacturing processes, e.g. through conical or stepped or corrugated mandrels etc.
• the floor element can be produced with a support or frame body 4 according to FIG. 1b to increase the strength or load-bearing capacity, as is also described in AT-PS 391 629.
• the frame body With lower strength requirements, such as walk-in surface fastenings with a corresponding substructure, the frame body can be omitted.
• the outline of the individual floor elements is the simplest rectangular or square, but other shapes, which can preferably be assembled without gaps to form a floor surface, can also be used, as are shown by way of example in FIGS. 4 and 5.
• the size of the floor elements is not restricted and can be selected depending on the manufacturing process or also on the transport and insertion devices. The operation of the invention will now be explained with reference to the embodiment of Fig. La.
• each layer of the floor element is made, for example, from a predetermined single-grain or multigrain concrete or similar materials.
• the free flow cross-sections a of layer 1 those solids in surface water that are larger than this flow cross-section a are retained on the surface of the floor element.
• the free flow cross section b in the flow direction D is larger than in the previous layer 1. This ensures that solid particles that have already penetrated into layer 1 are in the Layer 2 can no longer be retained.
• the free flow cross-sections a in the first layer 1 of the floor element cannot be blocked by dirt parts, because due to the fluctuations in moisture and dryness, the dirt particles experience volume changes and are subject to pressure fluctuations due to driving on the surface of the floor element, which the dirt particles penetrate into the ( n) Promote shift (s). Because of the larger free flow cross sections, the particles can be transported from this layer or these layers without hindrance.
• Layer 1 expediently has only a minimal layer thickness d1 in order to avoid penetrating solids already being deposited in layer 1. In theory, therefore, it is not possible to lay or overgrow the floor element.
• the invention can be modified in various ways within the scope of the general inventive concept, in particular with regard to the shape and size of the floor elements or the floor surface fastening, which can be provided with a smooth, rough or otherwise structured surface. All features of the floor elements can also be used with large-area floor surface fastenings.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Road Paving Structures (AREA)
• Filtering Materials (AREA)
• Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
• Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
• Floor Finish (AREA)

Priority Applications (4)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=3501051

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (10)

Cited By (12)

Families Citing this family (1)

Citations (3)

Family Cites Families (1)

• 1993
  • 1993-04-30 AT AT0084393A patent/AT400960B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1994
  • 1994-04-28 ES ES94913439T patent/ES2095763T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-04-28 SK SK111-95A patent/SK11195A3/sk unknown
  • 1994-04-28 HU HU9403626A patent/HUT71664A/hu unknown
  • 1994-04-28 AT AT94913439T patent/ATE143431T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1994-04-28 DE DE59400739T patent/DE59400739D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1994-04-28 DK DK94913439.9T patent/DK0651835T3/da not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1994-04-28 CZ CZ9576A patent/CZ7695A3/cs unknown
  • 1994-04-28 EP EP94913439A patent/EP0651835B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-04-28 WO PCT/AT1994/000053 patent/WO1994025676A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
• 1996
  • 1996-12-13 GR GR960403452T patent/GR3022029T3/el unknown
• 2000
  • 2000-03-24 HU HU0100118A patent/HU0100118D0/hu unknown

Patent Citations (3)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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