Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
  • A01D34/00—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters
  • A01D34/01—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus
  • A01D34/412—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having rotating cutters
  • A01D34/63—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having rotating cutters having cutters rotating about a vertical axis
  • A01D34/73—Cutting apparatus

Definitions

• the invention relates to a cutting device for environmentally friendly cutting of stems or stalks of plants and / or grass-like plants, which has a shear bar placed on a circular path and a rotary knife arranged above it.
• the rotational speed of the rotary disks to which the knives are attached is limited so much by the frictional connection between the rotary knives and counter cutting edges that the rotary knives can only be operated at a low, 3-6 m / s rotational speed. It follows that the management, separation, collection of plant parts and cutting at the same time can only be carried out at a low working speed, which is also referred to as a major disadvantage. It is also disadvantageous with these cutting units that, owing to the high energy requirement, neither an accumulator nor low-voltage electric motors can be considered for the drive.
• U.S. Patent No. 3,701,238 shows a grass cutter that has both rotating and oscillating system features and whose energy source is secured by tractor because of its increased energy requirements.
• the Hungarian patent no. 204.642 "Method and device for cutting the stems or stalks of plants” is known between their counter-cutting and a rotating knife with a rotation of 3.5 mm is provided with a rotating speed of 60-90 m / s.
• a rotating knife with a rotation of 3.5 mm is provided with a rotating speed of 60-90 m / s.
• a disadvantage of this solution is that a fine cut of the blades of grass cannot be achieved, because the mower does not cut away the fine blades of grass, but tears due to the defined gaps between the counter blades and the rotary knife, and the high rotational speed of the knives, or tears them down on the Surface of the shear bar. Tearing the stalks or stalks of plants causes coarse wounds that only slowly pass over. The part of the plants that remains in the soil dries up due to its wound, it remains in growth. This changes the color of the lawn, and its population deteriorates. In the case of agricultural plant products, the wounding results in considerable loss of production. In the case of particularly large wounds there is a risk of infection, from which it follows that the use of such a mowing device can also be environmentally harmful.
• the purpose of the invention is to develop a cutting unit for environmentally friendly, tear-free cutting of stems or stalks of plants and / or grass-like plants, which extends both the cutting quality and the range of use of the cutting unit, or increases its working speed, while reducing the formwork performance of the work process in relation to conventional lawnmowers.
• the invention is therefore based on the object of creating a simple, inexpensive, energy-saving cutting mechanism in order to pollute the environment significantly less than before.
• the invention thus consists of a L.c._r. & .: i «9r ⁇ for environmentally friendly cutting of stems or stalks of plants and / or grass-like plants, which has counter-blades placed on a circular path and rotary knives arranged above them.
• the invention also extends to the fact that the distance between the shearbars and rotary knives is up to 2 mm, the rotational speed of the rotary knives is adjustable between 10-50 m / s, and the ratio between the areas of the shearbars actually participating in the cutting process and the free areas the gaps are less than one.
• the adjustability (0-2 mm) of the distance between shear bar and rotary knife makes it possible for the cutting unit to mow plants with both thick and thin stalks.
• a minimal distance, with thick stalk a maximum (2 mm) distance for other types of plants the distance between the two limit values must be set to ensure an exact cutting process and to avoid gross injury to the plants.
• the diameter of the circle consisting of the free end points of the counter cutting edges is approximately 20% larger than the diameter of the circular path of the rotary knives.
• Another special feature of the invention is that while the counter-blades are attached to a circular path on the frame of the cutting unit, the rotary knives are rotatably mounted over the counter-blades.
• the counter cutting edges can also be rotatably embedded on a circular path.
• each cutting unit has its own and / or common drive or connected to the external energy source.
• Accumulator, solar cell or hydraulic motor connected to an external energy source can be used as the energy source.
• FIG. 1 shows a plan view of the basic arrangement of the cutting mechanism, according to the present invention.
• FIG. 2 shows a cross section through the cutting unit of the cutting unit shown in FIG.
• FIG 3 shows a preferred embodiment of the circular path of the rotary knife, in plan view.
• Cutting device according to the invention, partially cut.
• Figure 6 is a plan view of the cutting unit of Figure 5, partially cut.
• the cutting unit consists of a 10 cutting unit.
• the 10 cutting unit consists of 1 rotary knife used to cut stalks or stalks of plants, and a group of knives arranged on a circular path, on the frame, containing finger and point-like 2 counter blades.
• the 1 rotary knives form an angle of 90 degrees with one another, so each cutting unit contains four 1 rotary knives.
• the number of rotary knives can of course change as desired in other embodiments.
• the rotary knives are housed on the lower edge of the 3 grass guide drum, which can be divided in the vertical direction, above the 2 shearbars.
• the diameter of the circle consisting of the free end points of the 2 counter cutting edges is 20% larger than the diameter of the circular path of the 1 rotary knife.
• the diameter of the circular path of the 2 counter cutting edges is 20 mm larger than the diameter of the circular path of the 1 rotary knife.
• the ratio between 2 counter-cutting edge and 21 free space areas was chosen in the embodiment shown 0.8, that is, less than one.
• the 1 rotary knives are provided on one side with 4 cutting edges, on the other side with 5 cutting edges, the 6 one and the 7 other side of the counter cutting edge are provided with cutting edges according to the presented embodiment, but they can also remain blunt according to the invention.
• the 2 counter cutting edges are arranged on a semicircle in the direction of the arrow 18.
• the 2 counter cutting edges can also be arranged on a rotatably embedded disc on the 9 frame.
• the 3 grass guide drum which contains 1 rotary knife, is arranged on the 9 frame of the cutting unit so that the drive shaft, which is rotatable, is vertically adjustable.
• the 8 drive in this case is a 24V DC motor with a power of around 200W.
• the cutting mechanism presented with the aid of the embodiment consists of two cutting units placed next to one another, that is to say they consist of two groups containing 2 counter cutting edges, which are arranged on two circular paths lying next to one another, and two above them at a distance of "h" placed 1 rotary knife groups, which are also arranged on two circular paths placed side by side.
• the 1 rotary knives move on circular orbits, in the opposite direction, in the direction of the 11 arrows (Fig. 1).
• Fig. 3 shows us an embodiment of two 10 cutting units, which are combined in a cutting unit, where the 1 rotary knives are arranged on two circular paths placed next to each other and do not overlap. In this case, it is not necessary to synchronize the speeds of the 10 cutting units.
• the two 10 cutting units have two circular orbits of the 1 rotary knives lying next to one another, which overlap one another, from which it clearly follows that the speeds of both 10 cutting units must be synchronized.
• the cutting mechanism While the cutting mechanism is moving in the direction of the 18 arrow, the plant stalks between the 2 counter blades are cut by the 4 and 5 cutting edges of the rotary knives, which rotate in the 11 arrow direction and are attached to the 3 grass guide drum, with a shear movement. Then the cut plant parts are transported with the help of the 3 rotating grass guide drum to the center of the cutting unit, and from there to the rear.
• the cutting mechanism also has two 10 cutting units. Both 10 cutting units are individually driven by an 8 drive in the form of an electric motor, in the opposite direction of rotation according to the 11 arrow. It can be clearly established that due to the distance "h", which can be a maximum of 2 mm, there is no friction between the 1 rotary knife and 3 shearbars.
• the 8 drive, on the 9 frame, concealed by the conical 3 grass guiding drum, is provided in the form of electric motors, by means of the accumulator also attached to the frame and placed on the handle as a 13 energy source.
• a recharger, or as described in the embodiment, 15 solar cells are used to recharge the battery as 13 energy sources.
• the 16 grass catcher basket Under the solar cell is the 16 grass catcher basket, which is used to catch and collect the cut plant parts.
• the cutting unit also has a 17 hood.
• the accumulator Before commissioning, the accumulator is charged as a 13 energy source by means of a charger or the 15 sun cell, the cutting height is set by the height-adjustable 14 wheels and the 8 drive is switched on, the procedure is the same as in the previous example.
• the cut plant parts are thrown backwards into the grass catcher basket by the 3 grass guide drum.
• a great advantage of the invention is that there is a previously set distance of "h" (0-2 mm) between 1 rotary knife and 2 counter cutting edges, as a result of which no frictional losses occur, the 1 rotary knife at the same time even at lower rotational speeds ensure perfect cutting with minimal energy consumption.
• the fine grasses are not torn apart, but cut with an exact cut.
• Another advantage means that the circumferential speed of the 1 rotary knife is only half or a third of that of the known rotary mowers without a counter blade, which clearly means that the cut is almost noiseless.
• the 8 drive of the 1 rotary knife in a direct manner make the complicated power transmission systems used in the conventional rotary mowers with a large energy requirement superfluous.
• a cutting device constructed according to the invention does not smash the debris and that its sound output during work is minimal.

Landscapes

• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Harvester Elements (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)
• Threshing Machine Elements (AREA)
• Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
• Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
• Harvesting Machines For Root Crops (AREA)
• Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Priority Applications (4)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=10982172

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (11)

Cited By (3)

Families Citing this family (12)

Citations (8)

Family Cites Families (7)

• 1992
  • 1992-07-16 HU HU9202331A patent/HU213000B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1993
  • 1993-07-13 ES ES93916126T patent/ES2100549T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1993-07-13 AU AU45809/93A patent/AU4580993A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1993-07-13 DE DE59306278T patent/DE59306278D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1993-07-13 WO PCT/HU1993/000044 patent/WO1994001994A1/de active IP Right Grant
  • 1993-07-13 CZ CZ942541A patent/CZ285293B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1993-07-13 AT AT93916126T patent/ATE151943T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1993-07-13 EP EP93916126A patent/EP0639045B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1993-07-13 DK DK93916126.1T patent/DK0639045T3/da active
• 1995
  • 1995-01-10 US US08/376,118 patent/US5551220A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1997
  • 1997-07-23 GR GR970401853T patent/GR3024207T3/el unknown

Patent Citations (8)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events