WO1993013189A1 - Verfahren zur reinigung von gebrauchten schmierölen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur reinigung von gebrauchten schmierölen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1993013189A1 WO1993013189A1 PCT/DE1992/001074 DE9201074W WO9313189A1 WO 1993013189 A1 WO1993013189 A1 WO 1993013189A1 DE 9201074 W DE9201074 W DE 9201074W WO 9313189 A1 WO9313189 A1 WO 9313189A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- bleaching earth
- oils
- waste
- treatment
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M175/00—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning
- C10M175/0008—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning with the use of adsorbentia
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M175/00—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning
- C10M175/0025—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning by thermal processes
- C10M175/0033—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning by thermal processes using distillation processes; devices therefor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for cleaning used lubricating oils by vacuum distillation and twice aftertreatment of the lubricating oil distillate with finely divided, non-activated
- waste oils Any mineral lubricating or industrial oil that is unsuitable for the purpose for which it was originally intended is defined as waste oil.
- Used oil includes used engine oils, gear oils, machine oils, hydraulic oils, metalworking oils, corrosion protection oils and the like. a. The engine oils alone account for a share of over 40%, while the share
- Hydraulic oil is around 18%.
- lubricating oils are also produced that contain synthetic components or, for special applications, consist only of synthetic base oils.
- Natural-based lubricating oils such as rapeseed oil, are becoming increasingly important in the hydraulic oil sector.
- Waste oil must be disposed of properly in the Federal Republic of Germany, whereby according to the new waste law of November 1st, 1986 the owner of the waste oil is responsible for the proper disposal.
- the end consumer of motor oil and other lubricating oils has the right to return used oils free of charge to the lubricating oil supplier.
- the recycling of waste oil is of primary importance for disposal.
- the base oil can be used for lubricating oil again using suitable processes (Secondary raffinate) is recovered, the quality of which corresponds to that of a lubricant base oil produced from crude oil.
- waste oil is processed in such a way that waste oil is collected by harvesting companies.
- engine, hydraulic and gear oil must be collected separately from types of oil such as oil.
- the collecting company delivers the waste oil to waste oil regeneration plants, so-called secondary refining plants. Only waste oils that contain no more than 0.2% by weight of chlorine and no more than 4 ppm of polychlorinated biphenyls may be processed in the latter plants.
- the second refining process which is still mainly used outside of the Federal Republic of Germany, is the re-refining with concentrated sulfuric acid and bleaching earth.
- the waste oil is first freed from low boilers and water by distillation and then distilled over in vacuo.
- the distillate is treated with concentrated sulfuric acid.
- the so-called spindle oil is distilled off from the product treated in this way via activated bleaching earth. Then a purely adsorptive aftertreatment with activated
- Bleaching earth takes place at approx. 120 ° C (see e.g. "Waste oil recycling, Klaus Müller, Erich Schmidt Verlag, Berlin, Bielefeld, page 104).
- the sulfuric acid / bleaching earth process has a considerable disadvantage in that it produces so-called acid resin, a product that settles as a heavy phase in the treatment of waste oil with concentrated sulfuric acid, cannot be deposited and is difficult to dispose of.
- spent, loaded with sulfuric acid has a considerable disadvantage in that it produces so-called acid resin, a product that settles as a heavy phase in the treatment of waste oil with concentrated sulfuric acid, cannot be deposited and is difficult to dispose of.
- the waste oil is first reacted with finely divided metallic sodium and then also distilled over in a vacuum.
- a chemical treatment is also required in this process, but highly reactive, finely divided, metallic sodium is used instead of concentrated sulfuric acid.
- the waste oil is first mixed with a diammonium phosphate solution.
- water and volatile hydrocarbons are removed by distillation.
- bleaching earth has long been used to clean used oils.
- the bleaching earths are water-containing aluminum-magnesium silicates from the bentonite group, which are activated by boiling in hydrochloric acid; this dissolves soluble, basic fractions such as CaO, MgO and also Fe 2 O 3 from the raw material and exposes the actual capillary structure of the adsorption material. It is also known as Walker, Fuller Florida earth or bentonite (Klaus Müller, waste oil recycling, Erich Schmidt Verlag GmbH, Berlin, 1982, page 96).
- DE-OS 3738391 describes a process for the evaporation of waste oil under vacuum in a special, complicated evaporation apparatus.
- the process consists of two stages.
- the second stage describes the evaporation of gas oil and spindle oil over bleaching earth under vacuum. After filtering off the bleaching earth, the actual lubricating oil is obtained from the distillation sump.
- DD-PS 77553 describes a thermal pretreatment of waste oil before hydrogenating refining.
- Bleaching earth can be added as a filtration aid before or after the heat treatment.
- Second raffinate can be processed.
- the process consists of cleaning used oils by vacuum distillation, after-treatment with finely divided solids and subsequent separation of the solids, characterized in that the distilled oil in two stages with a total of 4 to 20% by weight, preferably 6 to 16% by weight of non-activated bleaching earth in the temperature range from 260 to 350 ° C for a residence time of 5 to Is mixed intimately for 120 minutes and then the solid is separated off in each case.
- the low-boiling parts in the waste oil namely the low-boiling hydrocarbons and the water still present in the waste oil
- This can be done under normal pressure, for example at a bottom temperature of approx. 160 ° C.
- the lubricating oil fraction itself is distilled over and in this way separated from heavy-boiling additives or dissolved solid-like additives which remain in the bottom of the distillation column and can be drawn off there.
- the vacuum distillation of the lubricating oil can basically be carried out in any vacuum distillation apparatus. Several distillation columns are known in which lubricating oil can be gently distilled, for example short path evaporators and
- the vacuum is generally from 0.01 mbar to 20 mbar, preferably from 0.05 to 10 mbar.
- the spindle oil In the event that the spindle oil is not separated as already described, it can also be distilled off in another way. This can be done, for example, by distilling off the spindle oil overhead and the actual lubricating oil in the side draw in a vacuum distillation column. However, the separation can also take place in such a way that spindle oil is separated by distillation in one column and the actual lubricating oil in another.
- spindle oil is not used as engine lubricating oil, but is mainly used in hydraulic oils.
- the broad boiling range for lubricating oil is between 350 ° C and 640 ° C, but fractions with other boiling ranges or viscosities are also distilled off, e.g. B. between 360 and 540 ° C or 390 and 515 ° C. Lubricating oil Producers win distillation cuts in such a way that the boiling analysis or viscosity required for certain applications is maintained.
- the lubricating oil obtained by vacuum distillation is now mixed or discontinuously or continuously with finely divided, non-activated bleaching earth in two stages in a mixing apparatus and at 260 to 350 ° C, preferably at 280 to 330 ° C, for a residence time of 5 to 120 min. , preferably intimately mixed from 10 to 70 min.
- the solid is then separated off in each case.
- Bentonite-based bleaching earths are particularly suitable as solids for treating the waste oil at 260 to 350 ° C.
- Montmorillonite is known to be a major mineral of bentonite.
- the minerals which are very suitable according to the invention also include beidellite (smectite), nontronite, saponite or hectite. Mixtures of the minerals mentioned are also very suitable.
- Iron oxides may also be present, e.g. B. hematite.
- the solids mentioned can be used individually or in any combination.
- the treatment with non-activated bleaching earth is carried out in two stages.
- the method according to the invention can of course also be carried out in more than two stages, but the person skilled in the art will avoid this as far as possible for economic reasons.
- One of the stages can also be the addition of non-activated bleaching earth to a distillation column, provided that the sump containing the additives and impurities has been removed. Furthermore, the partial addition of activated bleaching earth also falls within the scope of the invention, although the person skilled in the art will refrain from doing so for economic reasons.
- the grain size of the bleaching earth used is not critical, but finely ground materials, for example from 30 to 60 mesh, are preferred.
- the solids can be used in a very wide particle size range, for example between 0.001 mm and 1 mm or more, the residence time in general being able to be reduced with a very fine distribution, and the amounts of solid added.
- the specialist has a wide range of options for selecting the grain size. Even smaller grain sizes than those mentioned can develop the desired properties according to the invention.
- any mixing vessels of the prior art can be used as mixing vessels.
- the mixing devices can work continuously or discontinuously.
- Stirring to mixing cascades can be used, simple stirring vessels, intensive stirring reactors, mixing sections with built-in components and numerous others. The specialist is free to do so depending on the
- An additive package for a modern, high-quality lubricant therefore consists of a large number of complicated chemicals.
- Examples are fatty acid ester, barium sulfonate, Alkyldithiodizol, alkyl-substituted Kalziumarylsulfonate, triphenylphosphorothionate, amine salts rivaten of Phosphin Acid Acid-, amine phosphates, dithiophosphoric acid esters, sterically hindered phenol derivatives, Naphthalinaminderivate, phthalic acid esters, alkylated diphenylamines, 4-nonyl-phenoxy-acetic acid, Polyolefinklaschester, Alkylaminotriazolderivate, polymers having Alkylklarestern , long-chain alcohols, neopentylglycol esters, trimethylolpropane esters,fugic acid esters,
- Heavy metal compounds such as B. zinc compounds, calcium sulfonate, molybdenum sulfide, calcium carbonate, metal salts of organic acids,
- Table 1 summarizes the results according to the invention in the cleaning of three different waste oils I, II and III. For comparison, analyzes and data of a typical waste oil are compared.
- Lubricating oil data for used oil distillates of different viscosities at 40 ° C and 100 ° C are summarized in Table 4. Data on the used oil used is given under EP. It is a French waste oil. Distillates 1 and 2 were each treated once and twice with 6% by weight of non-activated bleaching earth at 320 ° C. and a residence time of 30 minutes each.
- Table 5 summarizes results from the treatment of a distillation cut from 390 to 515 ° C from a Spanish waste oil from the Barcelona area.
- a Spanish, non-activated, bentonite-based bleaching earth which contained saponite and 2 to 3% by weight of hematite was used as the bleaching earth.
- Sample a) is the untreated cut.
- Sample b) is the cut once treated with 6% by weight of bleaching earth at 320 ° C. and 30 minutes.
- the neutralization number is not satisfactory. However, very good values are obtained when treated twice (sample c). Analogously, 8% by weight of bleaching earth was used in samples d) and e).
- Sample f was treated once with 8% by weight of bleaching earth, which was obtained from the 2nd treatment stage after filtering off. Neither color number nor neutralization number are satisfactory.
- Sample g) was treated in the first stage like sample f) and in stage 2 with 8% by weight of fresh bleaching earth. The values obtained are very good. This means that when using fresh bleaching earth in stage 2 and bleaching earth filtered off in stage 2, very good values are obtained. Good results were also obtained with this procedure with 4 and 6% by weight of bleaching earth.
- the figure shows an example of a process flow diagram with two solids cleaning stages.
- Waste oil flows over filter 1 to remove coarse impurities.
- the filtered waste oil flows into stripping column 3, from which a mixture of low-boiling hydrocarbons and water is distilled off at the top.
- separation tank 5 the water flows out of the system via 6, while the low-boiling hydrocarbons are collected in tank 7.
- the bottom from 3 flows into vacuum column 4, in which lubricating oil is distilled off overhead. 4 can also be operated in such a way that spindle oil is removed overhead and the actual lubricating oil is drawn off in the side draw.
- the mixture of treated distillate and solid is then filtered in 9.
- the distillate now flows from the filter into the second mixing stage 10, into which 12 further non-activated bleaching earths are added.
- the mixture in 13 is now filtered again.
- the finished second raffinate base oil is removed above 14. It is shown as an example that the gasoline collected in FIG. 7 can be used to rinse off oil adhering to the adsorbent in filters 9 and 13 via 22 and 23, to collect it via 15 and 16 in container 17 and to feed the washing liquid back into line 18. However, this washing cycle is not absolutely necessary, especially not in the form shown here. Washed bleaching earth is removed from 19 and 20. At 21, the bottom from the vacuum distillation, which contains the major part of the additives present in the waste oil, is withdrawn.
- used mineral-based lubricating oils which may also contain synthetic oils
- synthetic hydrocarbon-based lubricating oils can be refurbished to a perfect secondary refinate.
- the present invention overcomes the prejudice of the person skilled in the art that when using bleaching earth for cleaning used oil distillates, portions such as CaO, MgO or Fe 2 O 3 have to be removed from the raw material in order to expose the capillary structure of the bleaching earth. Rather, the results according to the invention show that these proportions are even advantageous under the conditions according to the invention.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BR9205666A BR9205666A (pt) | 1991-12-23 | 1992-12-21 | Processo para purificaçao de oleos lubrificantes |
EP93901602A EP0572630B1 (de) | 1991-12-23 | 1992-12-21 | Verfahren zur reinigung von gebrauchten schmierölen |
DE59209484T DE59209484D1 (de) | 1991-12-23 | 1992-12-21 | Verfahren zur reinigung von gebrauchten schmierölen |
JP5511349A JPH06510562A (ja) | 1991-12-13 | 1992-12-21 | 使用済み潤滑油の精製法 |
NO932937A NO932937D0 (no) | 1991-12-23 | 1993-08-18 | Fremgangsmaate for rensing av brukte smoereoljer |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4142829A DE4142829C2 (de) | 1991-12-23 | 1991-12-23 | Verfahren zur Reinigung von gebrauchten Schmierölen |
DEP4142829.3 | 1991-12-23 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1993013189A1 true WO1993013189A1 (de) | 1993-07-08 |
Family
ID=6448047
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE1992/001074 WO1993013189A1 (de) | 1991-12-13 | 1992-12-21 | Verfahren zur reinigung von gebrauchten schmierölen |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0572630B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH06510562A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE170548T1 (de) |
BR (1) | BR9205666A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2104578A1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE4142829C2 (de) |
NO (1) | NO932937D0 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1993013189A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2757873B1 (fr) * | 1996-12-31 | 1999-03-19 | Total Raffinage Distribution | Procede de regeneration d'une fraction d'huile lubrifiante usee |
EP0926226A1 (de) * | 1997-12-22 | 1999-06-30 | C.S. Filtration S.p.r.l. | Filtration von synthetischen Ölen mit einem Kalkkieselsäureprodukt |
US20030024856A1 (en) * | 2001-03-26 | 2003-02-06 | Phil Surana | Method for removal of oder from poly alpha-olefins |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB327294A (en) * | 1929-04-10 | 1930-04-03 | William Detwiller Harris | Method of refining used lubricating oil |
US2012695A (en) * | 1933-03-24 | 1935-08-27 | Quigley Co | Apparatus for reclaiming crank-case oil |
US2401339A (en) * | 1941-11-26 | 1946-06-04 | Buckeye Lab Corp | Treatment of oils and waxes |
US2496888A (en) * | 1947-01-22 | 1950-02-07 | De Witt H Palmer | Oil reconditioning or clarifying apparatus |
DE1545267A1 (de) * | 1966-05-26 | 1969-12-11 | Durbanolwerk Hans Durban Kg | Vorrichtung zur Raffination von Motoren- und Motorenaltoelen |
FR2322918A1 (fr) * | 1975-09-02 | 1977-04-01 | Unitech Chemical Inc | Procede et appareillage d'epuration par raffinage d'huiles de lubrification usees et graisse recuperee |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2286369A (en) * | 1931-01-02 | 1942-06-16 | Bocji Corp | Method of purifying oil |
US2446489A (en) * | 1945-03-21 | 1948-08-03 | Shell Dev | Process for regenerating spent internal-combustion engine lubricating oils |
DE3738391A1 (de) * | 1987-11-12 | 1989-05-24 | Wilhelm Joachim A Dr Ing | Verfahren zum destillativen entfernen von verunreinigungen aus altoel |
-
1991
- 1991-12-23 DE DE4142829A patent/DE4142829C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-12-21 BR BR9205666A patent/BR9205666A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1992-12-21 AT AT93901602T patent/ATE170548T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-12-21 DE DE59209484T patent/DE59209484D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-12-21 CA CA002104578A patent/CA2104578A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-12-21 WO PCT/DE1992/001074 patent/WO1993013189A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1992-12-21 JP JP5511349A patent/JPH06510562A/ja active Pending
- 1992-12-21 EP EP93901602A patent/EP0572630B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1993
- 1993-08-18 NO NO932937A patent/NO932937D0/no unknown
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB327294A (en) * | 1929-04-10 | 1930-04-03 | William Detwiller Harris | Method of refining used lubricating oil |
US2012695A (en) * | 1933-03-24 | 1935-08-27 | Quigley Co | Apparatus for reclaiming crank-case oil |
US2401339A (en) * | 1941-11-26 | 1946-06-04 | Buckeye Lab Corp | Treatment of oils and waxes |
US2496888A (en) * | 1947-01-22 | 1950-02-07 | De Witt H Palmer | Oil reconditioning or clarifying apparatus |
DE1545267A1 (de) * | 1966-05-26 | 1969-12-11 | Durbanolwerk Hans Durban Kg | Vorrichtung zur Raffination von Motoren- und Motorenaltoelen |
FR2322918A1 (fr) * | 1975-09-02 | 1977-04-01 | Unitech Chemical Inc | Procede et appareillage d'epuration par raffinage d'huiles de lubrification usees et graisse recuperee |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR9205666A (pt) | 1994-05-17 |
DE59209484D1 (de) | 1998-10-08 |
NO932937L (no) | 1993-08-18 |
EP0572630B1 (de) | 1998-09-02 |
DE4142829A1 (de) | 1993-06-24 |
DE4142829C2 (de) | 1994-08-25 |
JPH06510562A (ja) | 1994-11-24 |
NO932937D0 (no) | 1993-08-18 |
ATE170548T1 (de) | 1998-09-15 |
CA2104578A1 (en) | 1993-06-24 |
EP0572630A1 (de) | 1993-12-08 |
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