Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
  • A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels
  • A01N25/06—Aerosols
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/16—Foams

Definitions

• My present invention is generally directed to an arthropodicidally-active composition-of-matter and to its method of manufacture.
• My novel composition-of-matter is generally characterized as a stable foam matrix. Still more particularly, my novel arthropodicidally-active stable foam matrix is water-soluble.
• arthropod which is generally understood by those skilled in the art of "pest” control as connoting any member of a large group of invertebrate animals with jointed legs and segmented bodies.
• arthropod in its "generic" sense so as to include arachnids, crustaceans, insects and myriapods.
• U.S. Pat. No. 3,816,610 to Lusby discloses a so-called "palatable", foamed rodent-control material.
• a rodent-control material more particularly, is said to comprise a rodent control agent such as a rodenticide which, in turn, is interspersed throughout a so-called “plastic foam cellular” structure.
• the foam cellular structure is produced by combining isocyanate with a mixture consisting of a polyol, a catalyst, a blowing agent, and a so-called “rodent- control” agent.
• Lusby discloses that such ingredients, after being thus combined, react chemically and expand in volume up to fifty (50) or more times, via so-called “foaming action”.
• Lusby further discloses that the result of such a volume expansion is the production of a low-density substance or mass (i.e., a "foam”), which is said to be able to fill up cavities and take their shape, wherein such a mass quickly becomes rigid.
• a low-density substance or mass i.e., a "foam”
• U.S. Pat. No. 3,524,911 to Leavitt discloses an insecticidal composition. More particularly, Leavitt discloses that the insecticidal composition, which is preferably utilized as an aerosol sprayable composition, comprises a so-called “substantially non-aqueous" mixture, which is said to include a toxic concentration of a vaporizable insecticide as well as a so-called “substantially inert” foam-forming carrier. After this insecticidal composition is dispensed from its aerosol spray container, the foam-forming carrier is said to form a so-called “stable” (i.e. a form-sustaining) foam. Leavitt further discloses that the insecticide is released from such a foam carrier in toxic concentrations at a controlled rate over a prolonged period of time.
• U.S. Pat. No. 3,970,584 to Hart et al. discloses a personal-care foam-forming emulsion that is utilized to produce a rich, creamy, shiny foam having a so-called "fine” or "delicate bubble” structure.
• Hart et al. teach that such a foam can be utilized to produce a variety of personal-care types of products.
• Hart et al. specifically teach that such a rich, creamy, shiny foam can be utilized to produce an insect-repellent personal-care type of product.
• Hart et al. further specifically teach that their personal- care type of foam products can have certain unique characteristics which, in turn, are said to be particularly desirable in the personal-care field.
• Hart et al. point out that their foam product will have a so-called "fine” or “delicate” bubble structure, and that such a foam product will, as a result, possess desirable foam-density and foam-stiffness personal-care types of qualities.
• German Pat. (“Offenlegungsschrift”) No. 25 38 470 discloses a method for producing a pesticidally-active composition-of-matter, characterized as an attractant in admixture with a toxicant, wherein the composition-of-matter is produced by a method whereby the attractant and toxicant are absorbed into a piece of plastic foam by so-called "electrostatic" forces.
• U.S. Pat. No. 3,076,744 to Geary discloses a particular insecticidal bait composition, which is said to include a so- called “polymerized aminoplast” and an insect-edible attractant in admixture with an organic insecticide.
• the attractant and the insecticide are said to be "molecularly occluded” within the polymerized aminoplast.
• Geary further discloses that the polymerized aminoplast, containing the above-mentioned "occluded” ingredients, can be crushed to a fine-particle size and thereafter spread, for example, in insect-infested areas.
• U.S. Pat. No. 3,791,983 to Maierson discloses certain sprayable and so-called “aerosolizable" web-forming compositions. Such compositions, in particular, are characterized as being self-supporting, three-dimensional webs of randomly-associated, joined monofilaments ranging in average diameter of from about 1 to 10 microns.
• compositions of this sort are said to be utilizable for the purpose of encapsulating insecticidal ingredients. Insecticidal ingredients thus encapsulated can then be used to combat insects.
• U.S. Pat. No. 4,286,020 to Hi el et al. also discloses a process for the encapsulation of certain insecticidal particles.
• British Pat. No. 1,107,140 to Mitchell et al. discloses an insecticidally-active oil-in-water emulsion which, after being dispensed from an aerosol-type dispenser, preferably is so formulated as to produce a spray rather than a foam.
• present-day consumers nevertheless continue to seek ever novel pesticidal compositions-of-matter for a variety of reasons. For example, easy clean-up or disposal of a variety of now- inactive pesticidal products is desirable.
• Pesticidally- active compositions are of course known, in general, to possess a finite activity period. To facilitate clean-up of compositions rendered pesticidally-inactive due to the passage of time, it would be desirable that such a pesticidally-active composition be water-soluble.
• novel pesticidally-active composition-of-matter is characterized as a stable foam matrix.
• the foam matrix can so be formulated as to be substantially stable for hours or weeks (or even months) , as desired.
• my novel composition-of-matter is water-soluble, a markedly desirable characteristic and/or quality (or feature) , which enables easy clean-up and/or disposal of the composition, after it is rendered inactive due to the passage of time.
• my novel pesticidally-active composition- of-matter is suitable for purposes of controlling a wide variety of arthropod pests.
• my novel composition-of-matter can specifically be so formulated as to be effective for controlling certain crustaceans (such as pill bugs) , or certain arachnids (such as spiders) , or a wide variety of well-known crawling insects (such as ants, cockroaches, crickets, earwigs, sewer flies, silverfish, and the like) , or certain myriapods (such as millipedes and centipedes) , or certain combinations of these classes, i.e. arachnids, crustaceans, insects and myriapods (within the phylum "arthropoda”) .
• my novel composition-of-matter can specifically be so formulated as to be effective for killing a wide variety of arthropod pests upon direct contact or upon ingestion (or both) , as desired.
• certain specific formulations of my novel composition-of-matter are effective so-called "contact-type" arthropodicides
• certain other specific formulations of my novel composition-of-matter can be so formulated as to be arthropod-edible and will be effective arthropodicides upon ingestion.
• composition-of-matter comprises an aqueous lower alkanol solvent, and an emulsifier as well as a toxicant, each contained within the solvent.
• the amount of emulsifier, relative to the amount of solvent, is effective for purposes of forming a foam matrix of predetermined stability.
• my present invention is generally directed to an arthropodicidally- active composition-of-matter and to its method of manufacture.
• a composition-of-matter comprises an aqueous lower alkanol solvent such as a C ⁇ to C4 alcohol solvent.
• the aqueous lower alkanol solvent is generally present in the composition-of-matter in an amount of about 3 to about 40 parts-by-weight lower alkanol, preferably about 4 to about 30 parts-by-weight lower alkanol, and more preferably about 5 to about 20 parts-by-weight lower alkanol, based upon one-hundred (100) parts-by-weight of total water and lower alkanol.
• a preferred lower alkanol is ethanol.
• My arthropodicidally-active composition-of-matter further comprises an emulsifier as well as a toxicant, each contained within the aqueous lower alkanol solvent.
• my arthropodicidally-active composition-of-matter can further include an attractant.
• Attractants suitable for purposes of inclusion in the composition-of-matter of my present invention are well-known in the art. Indeed, any particular material that is compatible with the stable foam matrix and specifically attractive to (and/or edible by) a particular arthropod that is to be targeted for extermination or control may be employed. Accordingly, when employed for use against a particular arthropod, any edible material that is known to be particularly attractive to such an arthropod can of course be selected.
• the edible attractant can be sucrose, fructose, glucose, maltose, honey, molasses, brown sugar, maple sugar, fruit syrup, corn syrup, maple syrup, or beet syrup, as well as ground raisins and other ground sweet fruits.
• a corn sweetener that is presently commercially available under the "Corn Sweet 90" brand name and which includes about ninety (90) weight-parts corn-derived fructose, has been found to be particularly suitable in controlling cockroaches.
• insects may prefer particles of certain cereals, particles of certain brans or particles of certain meals of various origin.
• Still other types of insects such as fire ants are known to prefer certain animal and/or certain vegetable oils and fats containing (or combined with) certain proteins.
• such edible materials there may be mentioned beef fat, bacon, fish meals, eggs, meals and extracts (such as vanilla extract) , pork sausage, tankage (50% protein, meat and bone scraps) , dried brewer's solubles, cottonseed, soybean, corn, coconut, olive, palm, and poppyseed, nuts, vegetable oils (such as soybean oil) , fats, meals, extracts and the like, of predetermined particle size, as well as butter, bacon drippings, lard, vegetable protein extracts and hydrolyzates, and tallow, as well as mixtures of these various attractants.
• beef fat, bacon, fish meals, eggs, meals and extracts such as vanilla extract
• pork sausage tankage (50% protein, meat and bone scraps)
• dried brewer's solubles cottonseed, soybean, corn, coconut, olive, palm, and poppyseed
• nuts such as soybean oil
• fats, meals, extracts and the like of predetermined particle size, as well as butter, bacon drippings, lard, vegetable protein
• Such an attractant which is (as was mentioned above) optional, may be employed in the arthropodicidally-active composition-of-matter in any desired proportion, generally ranging from about 0.5 to about 20 parts-by-weight, and preferably ranging from about 3 to about 12 parts-by-weight, per one-hundred (100) parts-by-weight of the arthropodicidally-active composition-of-matter.
• the stable foam matrix of my present invention can include a toxicant having a delayed e fect (which is useful in controlling social insects such as ants) , or the stable foam matrix can include a toxicant having an immediate effect (which is generally useful in controlling a wide variety of crawling arthropods) .
• a toxicant having a delayed e fect which is useful in controlling social insects such as ants
• the stable foam matrix can include a toxicant having an immediate effect (which is generally useful in controlling a wide variety of crawling arthropods) .
• Such well-known toxicants include, but are not limited to, a variety of commercially-available organic compound-based toxicants, including organophosphorus compounds, and carbamates as well as inorganic toxicants and insect growth regulators. (See, for example, "Pesticides: Theory and Application", by George W. Ware, published 1983 by W. H.
• suitable organophosphorus compounds include phosphates, phosphonothionates, and phosphorothionates.
• suitable, well-known organophosphorus compounds, useful as toxicants in the present invention include, but are not limited to: acetylphosphoramidothioic acid 0,S-dimethyl ester, also known by its so-called “trivial” name of "Acephate", and commercially available under the "Ortho” and "Orthene” brand names (see also U.S. Pat. Nos.
• suitable carbamates include, but are not limited to: 2,2-dimethyl-l,3- benzodioxol-4-ol methylcarbamate, also known by its trivial name “Bendiocarb”, and commercially available under the "Ficam” brand name (see also U.S. Pat. No. 3,736,338 to Fisons) ; l-naphthalenol methylcarbamate, also known by its trivial name “Carbaryl”, and commercially available under the “Aryla ", “Carylderm”, “Dicarbam”, “Seffein” and “Sevin” brand names (see also U.S. Pat. No.
• suitable inorganic toxicants include, but are not limited to, certain well known stomach poisons, such as the arsenicals (i.e. any one of a variety of well-known arsenic-containing compounds) , certain heavy metal-containing compounds, and certain fluorine-containing compounds, as well as boric acid, silica gel and sodium borate.
• arsenicals i.e. any one of a variety of well-known arsenic-containing compounds
• certain heavy metal-containing compounds i.e. any one of a variety of well-known arsenic-containing compounds
• fluorine-containing compounds as well as boric acid, silica gel and sodium borate.
• IGRs Insect growth regulators
• biorationals are rather specific chemicals which are presently believed to be generally environmentally “safe”.
• certain ones of the presently-known IGRs tend to closely resemble certain biological, organic-type chemicals produced by certain insects and/or plants.
• IGRs function by altering growth and development of arthropods.
• the observed effects of IGRs upon metamorphosis, upon reproduction, upon behavior, and upon embryonic, larval and nymphal development have e.g. been reported in the literature.
• IGRs are typically nonspecific; and as a result, they are known to affect not only the target species of arthropod but also a variety of other arthropods as well.
• suitable insect growth regulators include, but are not limited to: N- [[(4-chlorophenyl)amino]carbonyl]-2,6-difluorobenzamide (a known chitin-synthesis inhibitor) , also known by its trivial name “Diflubenzuron", and commercially available under the "Difluron” and "Dimilin” brand names; 2,3,14,22,25- pentahydroxycholest-7-en-6-one (C27H44O 6 ) and
• Juvenile Hormone includes: the so-called “JH mimic” and “JH analog” (JHA) IGRs, and their broader synonyms, the so-called “juvenoids” and “juvegens”. (See, e.g., page 62 of "Pesticides: Theory and Application” by Ware.)
• certain other toxicants particularly effective in controlling a variety of arthropods (except ants)
• pyrethroids which have been observed as being generally repellent to most ants at even minute concentrations would of course not be included in the formulations of my composition-of-matter when such is to be used to control ants.
• Such toxicants may be employed in my arthropodicidally-active composition-of-matter in any desired proportion, generally ranging from about 0.01 to about 2.5 parts-by-weight, and preferably ranging from about 0.1 to about 2.0 parts-by- weight, per one-hundred (100) parts-by-weight of my novel arthropodicidally-active composition-of-matter.
• the novel arthropodicidally-active composition-of-matter of my present invention can further include a foam stabilizer, an emulsion stabilizer, or both, as desired.
• Stabilizers of these sorts are well-known to those skilled in the art.
• one aspect or feature of my present invention is directed to an arthropodicidally- active composition-of-matter which is characterized as a stable foam matrix. More particularly, such a composition- of-matter, as was also briefly mentioned above, includes an emulsifier in the aqueous lower alkanol solvent.
• the emulsifier is preferably of the so-called "nonionic" charge type. The amount of emulsifier in the solvent is effective for forming the stable foam matrix.
• My arthropodicidally-active composition-of-matter can be dispensed from various types of dispensing systems and equipment, e.g. from spray guns, portable aerosol containers, cans and the like, to provide an advantageous way of applying the arthropodicidally-active stable foam matrix of my present invention into a variety of void spaces including, but not limited to, cracks and crevices, beneath doors and around windows, and in pipe, drains and other conduit.
• My stable foam matrix can thus readily be formed-in-place in a variety of void spaces.
• such a formed-in-place stable foam matrix generally substantially fills certain void spaces, thereby providing a so-called "positive" arthropodicidally-active barrier.
• the arthropodicidally-active composition-of-matter of my present invention is a so-called “water out” emulsion (i.e., an "oil-in-water” emulsion) .
• Suitable emulsifiers for purposes of producing a stable foam matrix in accordance with the principles of my present invention include, but are not limited to, certain ones of the so-called “block polymers", the so-called “ethoxylated alcohols”, the so-called “ethoxylated alkyl phenols”, the so-called “ethoxylated amines” (and/or “amides”) , the so-called “ethoxylated” and “propoxylated” fatty acids, the so-called “ethoxylated fatty esters” (and “oils”) as well as the "fatty esters”, the so- called “glycerol esters” and “glycol esters” as well as the lecithins (and the lecithin derivatives) , the so-called “block polymers”, the so-called “ethoxylated alcohols”, the so-called “ethoxylated alkyl phenols”, the so-called “ethoxylated amines” (and/or “amides
• my foamable arthropodicidally-active composition-of-matter can include a propellant for causing the emulsifier-containing arthropodicidally-active composition-of-matter (which is characterized as an "oil-in-water” emulsion) to produce the stable arthropodicidally-active foam matrix.
• a propellant for causing the emulsifier-containing arthropodicidally-active composition-of-matter (which is characterized as an "oil-in-water” emulsion) to produce the stable arthropodicidally-active foam matrix.
• Such a stable foam matrix as was briefly mentioned above, is water- soluble.
• the foamable arthropodicidally-active composition- of-matter further includes the optional propellant ingredient
• a propellant is present in an amount of about 5 to about 20 parts-by-weight, preferably is present in an amount of about 7 to about 12 parts-by-weight, and more preferably is present in an amount of about 8 to about 10 parts-by-weight, based upon one-hundred (100) parts-by-weight of the propellant-containing, foamable, arthropodicidally- active composition-of-matter of my present invention.
• the selected propellant is immiscible with the aqueous phase; but it need not be.
• selected water-soluble propellants such as dimethyl ether (DME)
• DME dimethyl ether
• suitable water-soluble or partially water-soluble propellants include nitrous oxide (which is moderately soluble in water) , and carbon dioxide (which is soluble in water in only very minute concentration) .
• Suitable propellants include, but are not limited to, certain liquified and compressed gases.
• Suitable liquified gases include certain hydrocarbon propellants (such as Ci to C4 hydrocarbons) and certain halogenated propellants (such as the various commercially-available halogenated propellants collectively known in the art generally as "Freon") .
• Illustrative of the preferred hydrocarbon propellants are propane, n-butane, isobutane, and mixtures thereof.
• Additional suitable compressed gases for purposes of the present invention, include air and nitrogen.
• a presently preferred propellant often referred to in the art simply as "A-46" has a vapor pressure of about 46 pounds per square inch gauge (psig) and comprises about 80 mole percent isobutane and about 20 mole percent propane.
• Another presently preferred propellant is "A-31", which is isobutane.
• the arthropodicidally-active composition-of-matter of my present invention can optionally include a fragrance, a microorganism growth inhibitor (or another, suitable so- called “preservative”) , and/or a metal-corrosion inhibitor.
• a microorganism growth inhibitor or preservative
• formaldehyde is formaldehyde.
• the arthropodicidally-active composition-of-matter of my present invention can further optionally include a disinfectant agent, a dye (or a pigment) to produce a "colored" foam, if desired.
• a suitable metal-corrosion inhibitor for purposes of my present invention, is a compound selected from the group consisting of sodium benzoate, sodium nitrite, and the combination comprising sodium benzoate and sodium nitrite.
• Formulation I The following formulation (“Formulation I") was prepared for purposes of testing the efficacy of the arthropodicidally-active composition-of-matter of my present invention.
• Formulation I The above-presented formulation (“Formulation I") was prepared as follows. The ethanol (solvent) was introduced into a first mixing vessel of suitable volume; and the water (solvent) was introduced into a second mixing vessel, also of suitable volume.
• the ethanol-containing vessel was then heated in a manner so that the ethanol solvent reached a temperature of 40°C, while maintaining moderate agitation, until the above- identified toxicant, emulsifier and attractant ingredients dissolved therein, thereby producing a heated, ingredient- containing ethanol solution.
• the maltose (attractant) ingredient, the "Orthene” (toxicant) ingredient and the vanilla extract (attractant) ingredient were added, with vigorous agitation, the maltose (attractant) ingredient, the "Orthene” (toxicant) ingredient and the vanilla extract (attractant) ingredient.
• the water-containing vessel was then heated, while maintaining vigorous agitation, until the above-identified attractant and toxicant ingredients dissolved therein, thereby producing a heated, ingredient- containing aqueous solution.
• the heated, ingredient-containing ethanol solution was slowly added to the heated, ingredient-containing aqueous solution, utilizing moderate agitation, thereby producing an oil-in-water (i.e., "water-out") emulsion.
• the thus-produced water-out emulsion was then heated in a manner so as to maintain a temperature of 40°C (for the thus-produced emulsion) , while maintaining agitation, for thirty (30) minutes.
• the cockroaches employed were German cockroaches, technically known as Blattella germanica.
• a so-called “hide” is a generally enclosed structure, having slits or other openings that allow free access, within which "hides” cockroaches prefer to congregate.
• the 25 cockroaches were introduced onto the tray (containing the hides) , and were given a time period of about eighteen (18) hours to acclimate themselves to the tray and hides.
• a 2-inch by 2-inch glass slide was obtained.
• a suitable quantity of the above- discussed formulation i.e., "Formulation I”
• the freshly-dispensed foam matrix- supporting glass slide was then immediately placed onto the plastic tray between the hides. After thus placing the foam- containing slide onto the tray, the. efficacy of the foam matrix upon the cockroaches was observed.
• a second, suitable quantity of the above-discussed formulation (i.e., "Formulation I") was then dispensed, from a distance of about six (6) inches, onto a second 2-inch by 2-inch glass slide; and thereafter, the foam-containing glass slide was maintained at room temperature (i.e., 25°C.) for five (5) days.
• room temperature i.e. 25°C.
• the second foam matrix-containing glass slide was again placed between two (2) spaced-apart hides, together containing twenty-five (25) male cockroaches which had similarly been given an eighteen (18) hour acclimation period.
• the efficacy of the foam matrix upon the cockroaches was observed.
• the Table II observations also represent the average of two (2) replicates.
• the above-presented formulations were prepared as follows.
• the ethanol (solvent) was introduced into a first mixing vessel of suitable volume; and the water (solvent) was introduced into a second mixing vessel, also of suitable volume.
• the soybean oil (attractant) ingredient was introduced into the ethanol-containing vessel, with mild agitation, the soybean oil (attractant) ingredient, the above-named emulsifier ingredient, and the above-listed cetyl alcohol stabilizer ingredient.
• cetyl alcohol a so-called "fatty" alcohol which is schematically represented as C16H33OH, is believed to function both as an emulsion stabilizer and as a foam stabilizer as well.
• “Polawax”, the emulsifier utilized in producing Formulations II, III and V, is a so-called “emulsifier composite” that is commercially available from Croda Inc. (See page 259 of the 1986 edition of "McCutcheon's Functional Materials", North American Edition, published by The Manufacturing Confectioner Publishing Co. of Glen Rock, New Jersey 07452.)
• "Polawax A- 31”, the emulsifier utilized in producing Formulation IV is a so-called “nonionic emulsifying wax” that is also commercially available from Croda Inc. (See page 139 of the 1986 edition of "McCutcheon's Emulsifier & Detergents", International Edition, also published by the Manufacturing Confectioner Publishing Co.)
• Polyacrylx is more particularly characterized as the reaction product of certain fatty alcohols with ethylene oxide. In physical appearance, it is a wax-like non-ionic solid having a pH in 3 weight percent aqueous solution (at 45°C) of 5.5 to 7.0, a melting point of 48 to 52°C, a hydroxyl value of 178 to 192, an iodine value (Wijs) of 3.5 max. , and a saponification value of 14 max.
• Polyacrylx A-31 is a so-called “aerosol grade” of "Polawax” (emulsifier) .
• the physical properties of "Polawax A-31” are identical to the physical properties of "Polawax” except that "Polawax A-31” possesses greater clarity.
• the ethanol-containing vessel was then heated in a manner so that the ethanol solvent reached a temperature of 40°C, while maintaining moderate agitation, until the above- identified emulsifier, attractant and stabilizer ingredients dissolved therein, thereby producing a heated, ingredient- containing ethanol solution.
• “Orthene” (toxicant) ingredient and the “Corn Sweet 90” (attractant) ingredient are added, with vigorous agitation, the "Orthene” (toxicant) ingredient and the “Corn Sweet 90” (attractant) ingredient.
• “Corn Sweet 90” is the brand name of a commercially available corn sweetener that is compositionally made up of about 90 weight-parts (corn-derived) fructose and 10 weight-parts other corn- derived sweeteners.
• the vanilla extract (attractant) ingredient was also added into the water-containing vessel.
• the water-containing vessel was then heated, while maintaining vigorous agitation, until the above-identified attractant and toxicant ingredients dissolved therein, thereby producing a heated, ingredient- containing aqueous solution.
• the heated, ingredient-containing ethanol solution was then slowly added to the heated, ingredient- containing aqueous solution, utilizing moderate agitation, thereby producing an oil-in-water emulsion.
• the thus- produced oil-in-water emulsion was then heated in a manner so as to maintain a temperature of 40°C (for each of the thus- produced emulsions of Formulations II through V) , while maintaining agitation, for thirty (30) minutes.

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• 1990
  • 1990-04-10 WO PCT/US1990/002024 patent/WO1990012502A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1990-04-10 AU AU55390/90A patent/AU637371B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1990-04-10 JP JP50679990A patent/JPH04506657A/ja active Pending
  • 1990-04-10 EP EP19900908043 patent/EP0478578A4/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1990-04-10 CA CA 2050483 patent/CA2050483A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1990-04-17 MX MX2032490A patent/MX173572B/es unknown

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