WO1998016106A1 - Pesticidal methods, compositions and devices - Google Patents

Pesticidal methods, compositions and devices Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998016106A1
WO1998016106A1 PCT/GB1997/002853 GB9702853W WO9816106A1 WO 1998016106 A1 WO1998016106 A1 WO 1998016106A1 GB 9702853 W GB9702853 W GB 9702853W WO 9816106 A1 WO9816106 A1 WO 9816106A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
composition
active agent
carrier
pesticidally active
pesticidal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1997/002853
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Nigel Peter Smith
Original Assignee
Globol Chemicals (Uk) Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Globol Chemicals (Uk) Limited filed Critical Globol Chemicals (Uk) Limited
Priority to AU46332/97A priority Critical patent/AU4633297A/en
Publication of WO1998016106A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998016106A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/16—Foams
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N53/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing cyclopropane carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof

Definitions

  • This invention relates to pesticidal methods, compositions and devices, and particularly to their use in killing pest (e.g. insect) populations and individual pests. More particularly, the invention relates to propellant-dispensable pesticidal compositions and devices for dispensing the same by means of a propellant.
  • pesticidal methods, compositions and devices and particularly to their use in killing pest (e.g. insect) populations and individual pests. More particularly, the invention relates to propellant-dispensable pesticidal compositions and devices for dispensing the same by means of a propellant.
  • pesticidal compositions can be dispensed under the influence of a propellant in the form of an aerosol from a pressurised spray can.
  • the aerosol forms an airborne mist of liquid droplets containing one or more pesticidally active agent.
  • the use of a propellant provides an easy and convenient way of applying the active agent (s) to the vicinity of the pes (s) .
  • the aerosol system suffers from a number of disadvantages. Firstly, only a small proportion of droplets in the mist contact the pest(s) to be killed. The remainder of the droplets are at best wasted or at worst may contact human skin or eyes, causing irritation, or may contact furnishings and other objects, causing discoloration, damage or at least inconvenience.
  • the concentration of pesticidally active agent (s) in the mist is inherently rather low in volume terms, because the vast majority of the volume of the mist is air. This low active concentration can impair the pesticidal activity of the mist, and it is possible for robust flying insects to fly through the mist unscathed or without serious ill-effects and for smaller flying insects to fly out of control for some time after passing through the mist before eventually dying. Because of the above disadvantages, the aerosol system has generally been used to kill relatively small pests such as houseflies, aphids, mosquitoes etc. There remains a need for insecticidal compositions, particularly but not exclusively propellant-dispensable compositions, which are relatively broadly effective against pest populations and individual pests and provide an acceptably reliable and rapid killing action.
  • the invention aims to go at least some way towards meeting the above stated need, and is based on our finding that, by providing the compositions in the form of a foam, the effectiveness of the compositions can be improved against a broad range of pest populations and individual pests and the compositions can provide an acceptably reliable and rapid killing action.
  • foam (and its grammatical derivatives) is used herein to refer to any flexible gas-built solid or semi-solid foam which is self-supporting and stable over an acceptable period of time for the pesticidal activity to work, typically at least about 30 to 60 seconds, and includes lathers, creams, mousses and the like.
  • the preferred consistency of the foam is akin to shaving foam or half-whipped cream.
  • a method of controlling pests, particularly insects which comprises applying to the pests or their locus a foamed pesticidal composition including an effective amount of at least one pesticidally active agent.
  • a pesticidal composition for use in the above method, comprising an effective amount of at least one pesticidally active agent, the composition being in the form of a foam.
  • the composition may suitably be foamed in si tu at the time of application.
  • the pesticidally active agent is conveniently entrained (e.g. dissolved or intimately admixed) in a carrier. Any conventional foaming method may be used, whereby sufficient gas is introduced into the carrier to create a stable foam.
  • the carrier entraining the active agent (s) is stored in unfoamed condition, suitably in a pressurised can with a propellant such as, for example, propane and/or butane, and dispensed through a nozzle or other constricted opening to create the foam in known manner .
  • a propellant such as, for example, propane and/or butane
  • a device for use in the above method comprising a pressurised or pressurisable container holding a pesticidal composition comprising an effective amount of at least one pesticidally active agent entrained in a foamable carrier, the device further comprising means for dispensing the composition from the container under pressure and for substantially simultaneously foaming the carrier.
  • a foamable pesticidal composition comprising an effective amount of at least one pesticidally active agent entrained in a foamable carrier, the composition being suitably (but not necessarily) contained within a pressurised or pressurisable container.
  • the container suitably comprises a pressurised sealed can holding a conventional propellant such as, for example, butane and provided with a conventional outlet valve and nozzle arrangement.
  • a conventional propellant such as, for example, butane
  • the valve When the valve is opened, e.g. by manual operation against the restoring force of a spring and/or of the internal pressure of the can, the unfoamed composition is forced through the nozzle to dispense a foam from the can.
  • the arrangement is generally known, for example, from shaving foam cans and the like.
  • a narrow tube can be fitted at the exit of the nozzle in known manner, to slow down the egress of foam and to allow the foam to be placed more precisely at or near the pests.
  • the use of a tube at the exit of the nozzle of the container provides the further advantage that the composition can be dispensed into a cavity such as the interior of an insect nest .
  • the expansion of the foam within the cavity not only causes the active agent to be retained in the locality of the pests to be killed, but also provides a physical barrier to movement of the pests.
  • the carrier is typically an aqueous carrier system characterised by containing water in a major proportion by weight and at least one foaming agent.
  • Foaming agents may be selected from any of those commonly used in the foams art and are preferably selected from long-chain fatty acids, long-chain aliphatic alcohols, lower alkanolamines and mixtures thereof.
  • long-chain fatty acid foaming agents there may particularly be mentioned C 12 -C 20 alkanoic acids, and more particularly straight-chain unsubstituted saturated normal fatty acids such as palmitic acid, myristic acid or mixtures thereof.
  • alkanols As long-chain aliphatic alcohol foaming agents there may particularly be mentioned C 12 -C 20 alkanols, and more particularly straight-chain unsubstituted saturated normal alkanols such as cetyl alcohol. Such alkanols assist in making a creamy foam or lather, which improves adherence of the foam to the pest skin.
  • lower alkanolamine foaming agents there may particularly be mentioned mono-, di- and tri-lower- alkanol (methanol, ethanol, butanol, propanol) amines, and more particularly tri-lower-alkanolamines such as triethanolamine .
  • a mixture of the fatty acid, alcohol and alkanolamine foaming agents suitably in a ratio (w/w) of 20-40 : 1 : 20-40, more preferably about 30 : 1 : 25.
  • compositions may include agents which act on the skin membranes of the pest to be killed, particularly agents which serve to strip away the fat or wax layer typically found in insect skin membranes. This can cause enhanced penetration of the pesticidally active agent (s) into the bodies of the pests, resulting in a more efficient killing effect.
  • agents which act on the skin membranes of the pest to be killed particularly agents which serve to strip away the fat or wax layer typically found in insect skin membranes. This can cause enhanced penetration of the pesticidally active agent (s) into the bodies of the pests, resulting in a more efficient killing effect.
  • Such membrane-active agents can include the above mentioned alkanoic acids, lower alkanolamines and combinations thereof. These agents can also reduce the surface tension of the foam to enhance the efficiency of contact with the pest skin membranes and increase delivery of the pesticidally active agen (s) to the pests .
  • the pesticidally active agent (s) can be selected from a wide range of available compounds, for example from pesticidal pyrethrins, pyrethroids, carbamates, organophosphorus compounds, organotin compounds, benzoyl ureas, formamidines, triazines, avermectins, milbemycins and mixtures, derivatives and analogues thereof.
  • the pesticidally active agent (s) may suitably be selected from synthetic pyrethroids having the general formula
  • R 1 and R 2 which may be the same or different, are selected from lower alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl), halo (e.g. fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo) and halo- substituted lower alkyl;
  • lower alkyl e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl
  • halo e.g. fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo
  • halo- substituted lower alkyl e.g. fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo
  • R 7 is selected from hydrogen and cyano
  • R 3 and R 4 together represent a valence bond
  • R 5 represents hydrogen
  • R 6 is selected from 3-phenoxyphenyl and 3, 4, 5, 6 - tetra-hydrophthalimido; and isomers and mixtures thereof.
  • mixtures of tetramethrin (Neo- pynamin, Sumitomo) (3, 4, 5, 6 - tetrahydrophthalimido methyl- (IRS) -cis, trans-chrysanthemate) and d-phenothrin (Sumithrin, Sumitomo) (3-phenoxybenzyl (1R) - cis,trans- chrysanthemate) .
  • a mixture of neo-pynamin : sumithrin at ratios of between 2 : 1 and 4 : 1 (e.g. 3 : 1 w/w) is especially suitable.
  • the carrier may suitably contain water at an amount of over about 50% by weight, more typically over about 60% by weight, and most preferably between about 70% and about 80% by weight.
  • the pesticidally active agent (s) is/are typically present in an amount of between about 0.1% and about 2% by weight, more typically between about 0.1% and about 0.5% by weight.
  • an organic solvent such as an aromatic, aliphatic or chlorinated hydrocarbon, e.g. kerosene, is typically present in the form of an oil-in- water emulsion to hold the active agent (s) in the emulsified solvent system.
  • the organic solvent is typically present in an amount of up to about 10% by weight, more suitably about 5% by weight.
  • surfactant is suitably present in the composition.
  • Surfactants may be selected from any of those commonly used in the art and are preferably nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants or a mixture of nonionic and anionic surfactants.
  • Nonionic surfactants include, for example, ethoxylated alkylphenols such as optionally terminally blocked alkylphenol ethoxylates ethoxylated aliphatic alcohols; ethoxylated amines ethoxylated fatty acids and fatty acid esters ethoxylated alkylolamides; block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide; alkylolamides; and ethoxylated/propoxylated alkyl phenols or fatty alcohols.
  • ethoxylated alkylphenols such as optionally terminally blocked alkylphenol ethoxylates ethoxylated aliphatic alcohols
  • ethoxylated amines ethoxylated fatty acids and fatty acid esters ethoxylated alkylolamides
  • block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide alkylolamides
  • alkylolamides ethoxy
  • Anionic surfactants include, for example, sulphonates such as alkylaryl sulphonates or petroleum sulphonates; sulphates such as alcohol sulphates; phosphate esters; and sulphosuccinates .
  • the surfactant is typically present in an amount of up to about 3% by weight, more suitably about 1% by weight.
  • the propellant must be present in the composition.
  • Propellants may be selected from any of those commonly used in the propellant-dispensed foams art and are preferably selected from readily liquefiable lower alkanes such as propane and/or butane.
  • the propellant is typically present in an amount of up to about 15% by weight, more suitably about 10% by weight.
  • a corrosion inhibitor may also be included.
  • Corrosion inhibitors may be selected from any of those known in the propellant-dispensed foams art and are preferably selected from alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of carboxylic or oxo acids such as sodium nitrite, sodium benzoate or mixtures thereof.
  • the corrosion inhibitor is typically present in an amount of up to about 1% by weight, more suitably about 0.5% by weight.
  • Optional additional ingredients which may be present in the composition as desired include fragrancers, colorants, lubricants and preservatives. Such ingredients may be selected from any of those known in the art, in amounts which can be selected by one of ordinary skill in the art.
  • composition is packed into the devices according to the invention, or into any other desired type of container, in conventional manner.
  • the composition is applied to the pests (e.g. insects) or their locus as a foam from the device according to the invention or any other container type in which the composition is held.
  • the foam may typically be applied as a blanket over an insect nest or directly onto a stationary insect. It has been found that a very high concentration of pesticidally active agent (s) is thus applied quickly to the close vicinity of the pest (s) , causing rapid killing action. Furthermore, the foam clogs the pest's skin pores, legs and wings with a very effective and rapid effect, inhibiting further movement or flying before death occurs.
  • a foamable insecticidal composition was prepared by mixing the following ingredients in the proportions stated. % (w/w)
  • composition was charged under pressure into the following conventional propellant-dispenser can of the type known for shaving foams and sealed in conventional manner to provide a finger-depressible nozzle valve actuating button:
  • valve actuating button is pressed by the user's finger and a foam is immediately dispensed from the can.
  • This foam is laid as a blanket over the nest and an effective insect killing action is rapidly observed. Furthermore, the insects are unable to fly or walk through the foam blanket and are effectively trapped in the nest while the insecticidal action takes effect.

Abstract

Novel methods, compositions and devices are described, whereby pests such as insects may be controlled by applying to the pests or their locus a foamed pesticidal composition including an effective amount of at least one pesticidally active agent. The application is conveniently achieved via a pressurised can device which discharges the foam via a nozzle under the effect of a lower alkane propellant. Compositions comprising the pesticidally active agent entrained in a predominently aqueous carrier are also described, both in the foamed condition and the preliminary, unfoamed, condition.

Description

PESTICIDAL METHODS, COMPOSITIONS AND DEVICES
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to pesticidal methods, compositions and devices, and particularly to their use in killing pest (e.g. insect) populations and individual pests. More particularly, the invention relates to propellant-dispensable pesticidal compositions and devices for dispensing the same by means of a propellant.
PRIOR ART
It is well known that pesticidal compositions can be dispensed under the influence of a propellant in the form of an aerosol from a pressurised spray can. The aerosol forms an airborne mist of liquid droplets containing one or more pesticidally active agent. The use of a propellant provides an easy and convenient way of applying the active agent (s) to the vicinity of the pes (s) .
The aerosol system suffers from a number of disadvantages. Firstly, only a small proportion of droplets in the mist contact the pest(s) to be killed. The remainder of the droplets are at best wasted or at worst may contact human skin or eyes, causing irritation, or may contact furnishings and other objects, causing discoloration, damage or at least inconvenience.
Secondly, the concentration of pesticidally active agent (s) in the mist is inherently rather low in volume terms, because the vast majority of the volume of the mist is air. This low active concentration can impair the pesticidal activity of the mist, and it is possible for robust flying insects to fly through the mist unscathed or without serious ill-effects and for smaller flying insects to fly out of control for some time after passing through the mist before eventually dying. Because of the above disadvantages, the aerosol system has generally been used to kill relatively small pests such as houseflies, aphids, mosquitoes etc. There remains a need for insecticidal compositions, particularly but not exclusively propellant-dispensable compositions, which are relatively broadly effective against pest populations and individual pests and provide an acceptably reliable and rapid killing action.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention aims to go at least some way towards meeting the above stated need, and is based on our finding that, by providing the compositions in the form of a foam, the effectiveness of the compositions can be improved against a broad range of pest populations and individual pests and the compositions can provide an acceptably reliable and rapid killing action. The word "foam" (and its grammatical derivatives) is used herein to refer to any flexible gas-built solid or semi-solid foam which is self-supporting and stable over an acceptable period of time for the pesticidal activity to work, typically at least about 30 to 60 seconds, and includes lathers, creams, mousses and the like. The preferred consistency of the foam is akin to shaving foam or half-whipped cream.
According to a first aspect of the invention, therefore, there is provided a method of controlling pests, particularly insects, which comprises applying to the pests or their locus a foamed pesticidal composition including an effective amount of at least one pesticidally active agent.
According to a second aspect of the invention, there is further provided a pesticidal composition for use in the above method, comprising an effective amount of at least one pesticidally active agent, the composition being in the form of a foam. The composition may suitably be foamed in si tu at the time of application. The pesticidally active agent is conveniently entrained (e.g. dissolved or intimately admixed) in a carrier. Any conventional foaming method may be used, whereby sufficient gas is introduced into the carrier to create a stable foam. It is most preferred that the carrier entraining the active agent (s) is stored in unfoamed condition, suitably in a pressurised can with a propellant such as, for example, propane and/or butane, and dispensed through a nozzle or other constricted opening to create the foam in known manner .
According to a third aspect of the invention, therefore, there is provided a device for use in the above method, comprising a pressurised or pressurisable container holding a pesticidal composition comprising an effective amount of at least one pesticidally active agent entrained in a foamable carrier, the device further comprising means for dispensing the composition from the container under pressure and for substantially simultaneously foaming the carrier.
According to a fourth aspect of the invention, there is further provided a foamable pesticidal composition comprising an effective amount of at least one pesticidally active agent entrained in a foamable carrier, the composition being suitably (but not necessarily) contained within a pressurised or pressurisable container.
The container suitably comprises a pressurised sealed can holding a conventional propellant such as, for example, butane and provided with a conventional outlet valve and nozzle arrangement. When the valve is opened, e.g. by manual operation against the restoring force of a spring and/or of the internal pressure of the can, the unfoamed composition is forced through the nozzle to dispense a foam from the can. The arrangement is generally known, for example, from shaving foam cans and the like. A narrow tube can be fitted at the exit of the nozzle in known manner, to slow down the egress of foam and to allow the foam to be placed more precisely at or near the pests.
The use of a tube at the exit of the nozzle of the container provides the further advantage that the composition can be dispensed into a cavity such as the interior of an insect nest . The expansion of the foam within the cavity not only causes the active agent to be retained in the locality of the pests to be killed, but also provides a physical barrier to movement of the pests.
The carrier is typically an aqueous carrier system characterised by containing water in a major proportion by weight and at least one foaming agent. Foaming agents may be selected from any of those commonly used in the foams art and are preferably selected from long-chain fatty acids, long-chain aliphatic alcohols, lower alkanolamines and mixtures thereof.
As long-chain fatty acid foaming agents there may particularly be mentioned C12-C20 alkanoic acids, and more particularly straight-chain unsubstituted saturated normal fatty acids such as palmitic acid, myristic acid or mixtures thereof.
As long-chain aliphatic alcohol foaming agents there may particularly be mentioned C12-C20 alkanols, and more particularly straight-chain unsubstituted saturated normal alkanols such as cetyl alcohol. Such alkanols assist in making a creamy foam or lather, which improves adherence of the foam to the pest skin.
As lower alkanolamine foaming agents there may particularly be mentioned mono-, di- and tri-lower- alkanol (methanol, ethanol, butanol, propanol) amines, and more particularly tri-lower-alkanolamines such as triethanolamine .
It is most preferred to use a mixture of the fatty acid, alcohol and alkanolamine foaming agents, suitably in a ratio (w/w) of 20-40 : 1 : 20-40, more preferably about 30 : 1 : 25.
The compositions may include agents which act on the skin membranes of the pest to be killed, particularly agents which serve to strip away the fat or wax layer typically found in insect skin membranes. This can cause enhanced penetration of the pesticidally active agent (s) into the bodies of the pests, resulting in a more efficient killing effect. Such membrane-active agents can include the above mentioned alkanoic acids, lower alkanolamines and combinations thereof. These agents can also reduce the surface tension of the foam to enhance the efficiency of contact with the pest skin membranes and increase delivery of the pesticidally active agen (s) to the pests .
The pesticidally active agent (s) can be selected from a wide range of available compounds, for example from pesticidal pyrethrins, pyrethroids, carbamates, organophosphorus compounds, organotin compounds, benzoyl ureas, formamidines, triazines, avermectins, milbemycins and mixtures, derivatives and analogues thereof.
The pesticidally active agent (s) may suitably be selected from synthetic pyrethroids having the general formula
CHHSR'
R*
Figure imgf000007_0001
wherein :
R1 and R2, which may be the same or different, are selected from lower alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl), halo (e.g. fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo) and halo- substituted lower alkyl;
R3 and R4 together represent a valence bond (creating a C=C double bond) or may be selected from the same groups as R1 and R2 may be selected from; R5 is selected from hydrogen and cyano; and R6 is selected from
Figure imgf000008_0001
in which R7 is selected from hydrogen and cyano, and
Figure imgf000008_0002
and all isomers, derivatives, analogues and mixtures thereof .
Most preferred are the pyrethroids of formula I in which: R1 and R2 are the same and represent methyl;
R3 and R4 together represent a valence bond; R5 represents hydrogen; and
R6 is selected from 3-phenoxyphenyl and 3, 4, 5, 6 - tetra-hydrophthalimido; and isomers and mixtures thereof.
Particularly preferred are mixtures of tetramethrin (Neo- pynamin, Sumitomo) (3, 4, 5, 6 - tetrahydrophthalimido methyl- (IRS) -cis, trans-chrysanthemate) and d-phenothrin (Sumithrin, Sumitomo) (3-phenoxybenzyl (1R) - cis,trans- chrysanthemate) . A mixture of neo-pynamin : sumithrin at ratios of between 2 : 1 and 4 : 1 (e.g. 3 : 1 w/w) is especially suitable.
The carrier may suitably contain water at an amount of over about 50% by weight, more typically over about 60% by weight, and most preferably between about 70% and about 80% by weight. The pesticidally active agent (s) is/are typically present in an amount of between about 0.1% and about 2% by weight, more typically between about 0.1% and about 0.5% by weight.
Where, as in the case of the preferred pyrethroid actives, the pesticidally active agent (s) is/are insoluble in water, an organic solvent such as an aromatic, aliphatic or chlorinated hydrocarbon, e.g. kerosene, is typically present in the form of an oil-in- water emulsion to hold the active agent (s) in the emulsified solvent system. The organic solvent is typically present in an amount of up to about 10% by weight, more suitably about 5% by weight.
To maintain the emulsion stable with respect to phase separation a surfactant is suitably present in the composition. Surfactants may be selected from any of those commonly used in the art and are preferably nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants or a mixture of nonionic and anionic surfactants. Nonionic surfactants include, for example, ethoxylated alkylphenols such as optionally terminally blocked alkylphenol ethoxylates ethoxylated aliphatic alcohols; ethoxylated amines ethoxylated fatty acids and fatty acid esters ethoxylated alkylolamides; block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide; alkylolamides; and ethoxylated/propoxylated alkyl phenols or fatty alcohols. Anionic surfactants include, for example, sulphonates such as alkylaryl sulphonates or petroleum sulphonates; sulphates such as alcohol sulphates; phosphate esters; and sulphosuccinates . The surfactant is typically present in an amount of up to about 3% by weight, more suitably about 1% by weight.
Where the composition is stored in unfoamed state in a pressurised container for dispensing as a foam under the influence of a propellant, the propellant must be present in the composition. Propellants may be selected from any of those commonly used in the propellant-dispensed foams art and are preferably selected from readily liquefiable lower alkanes such as propane and/or butane. The propellant is typically present in an amount of up to about 15% by weight, more suitably about 10% by weight.
Where the composition is stored in a metal container, a corrosion inhibitor may also be included. Corrosion inhibitors may be selected from any of those known in the propellant-dispensed foams art and are preferably selected from alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of carboxylic or oxo acids such as sodium nitrite, sodium benzoate or mixtures thereof. The corrosion inhibitor is typically present in an amount of up to about 1% by weight, more suitably about 0.5% by weight.
Optional additional ingredients which may be present in the composition as desired include fragrancers, colorants, lubricants and preservatives. Such ingredients may be selected from any of those known in the art, in amounts which can be selected by one of ordinary skill in the art.
The composition is packed into the devices according to the invention, or into any other desired type of container, in conventional manner.
The composition is applied to the pests (e.g. insects) or their locus as a foam from the device according to the invention or any other container type in which the composition is held. The foam may typically be applied as a blanket over an insect nest or directly onto a stationary insect. It has been found that a very high concentration of pesticidally active agent (s) is thus applied quickly to the close vicinity of the pest (s) , causing rapid killing action. Furthermore, the foam clogs the pest's skin pores, legs and wings with a very effective and rapid effect, inhibiting further movement or flying before death occurs.
DESCRIPTION OF A SPECIFIC EMBODIMENT
The following non-limiting example is included for further illustration of the present invention.
A foamable insecticidal composition was prepared by mixing the following ingredients in the proportions stated. % (w/w)
Water 71.7
Insecticidal actives: Sumithrin 0.1
Neo-Pynamin 0.3
Organic Solvent for Actives: Kerosene 5.0
Surfactant for maintaining oil-in-water emulsion: Sorbitan Mono-oleate 1.0
Foaming agents Palmitic Acid 5. .0
Myristic Acid 1. .0
Triethanolamine 5. .2
Cetyl Alcohol 0. .2
Prope.llant : Butane 10 .0 Corrosion Inhibitors : Sodium Nitrite 0 .1
Sodium Benzoate 0 .4
100 . 0
The composition was charged under pressure into the following conventional propellant-dispenser can of the type known for shaving foams and sealed in conventional manner to provide a finger-depressible nozzle valve actuating button:
Valve Specification
Stem 4 x 0.024" Gasket Buna 65
Spring Standard stainless steel (STD S/S)
Housing Crown 0.080"
Mounting Cup L/L Con Ringed P .E . (polyethylene) Sleeve
Diptube As required
Actuator Specification
Actuator Kosmos Mini Jet
Can Specification Tinplate
Printed 4 colours on white Gold Cones & Domes
Double Internal Lacquer Size = 300ml 52x195
To apply the composition to an insect's nest the valve actuating button is pressed by the user's finger and a foam is immediately dispensed from the can. This foam is laid as a blanket over the nest and an effective insect killing action is rapidly observed. Furthermore, the insects are unable to fly or walk through the foam blanket and are effectively trapped in the nest while the insecticidal action takes effect.

Claims

1. A method of controlling pests which comprises applying to the pests or their locus a foamed pesticidal composition including an effective amount of at least one pesticidally active agent.
2. A method according to claim 1, in which the foamed composition is prepared in situ from an unfoamed composition comprising the pesticidally active agent entrained in a carrier by introducing a sufficient amount of a gas into the carrier to create the foamed pesticidal composition.
3. A method according to claim 2, in which the gas is selected from liquefiable lower alkanes or a mixture thereof .
4. A pesticidal composition for use in a method of controlling pests as defined in claim 1, 2 or 3, comprising an effective amount of at least one pesticidally active agent, the composition being in the form of a foam.
5. A device for use in a method of controlling pests as defined in claim 1, 2 or 3 , comprising a pressurised or pressurisable container holding a pesticide composition comprising an effective amount of at least one pesticidally active agent entrained in a foamable carrier, the device further comprising means for dispensing the composition from the container under pressure and for substantially simultaneously foaming the carrier.
6. A device according to claim 5, in which the container comprises a pressurised sealed can holding a propellant and provided with an outlet valve and nozzle arrangement .
7. A foamable pesticidal composition comprising an effective amount of at least one pesticidally active agent entrained in a foamable carrier.
8. A foamable pesticidal composition according to claim 7, contained within a pressurised or pressurisable container.
9. A method, composition or device according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the at least one pesticidally active agent is selected from pesticidal pyrethrins, pyrethroids, carbamates, organophosphorus compounds, organotin compounds, benzoyl ureas, formamidines, triazines, avermectins, milbemycins and mixtures, derivatives and analogues thereof.
10. A method, composition or device according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the at least one pesticidally active agent is a mixture of tetramethrin and d-phenothrin.
11. A method, composition or device according to any one of claims 2 to 10, in which the carrier is an aqueous carrier system containing water in a major proportion by weight and at least one foaming agent.
12. A method, composition or device according to claim 11, in which the at least one foaming agent is selected from long-chain fatty acids, long-chain diphatic alcohols, lower alkanolamines and mixtures thereof.
13. A method, composition or device according to claim 11 or 12, in which the carrier further includes membrane- active agents which act on the skin membranes of the pest to be killed.
14. A method, composition or device according to claim 11, 12 or 13, in which the carrier further includes an organic solvent to aid carrying of the at least one pesticidally active agent.
15. A method, composition or device according to any one of claims 11 to 14, in which the carrier further includes a surfactant.
PCT/GB1997/002853 1996-10-16 1997-10-16 Pesticidal methods, compositions and devices WO1998016106A1 (en)

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GB9621589.2 1996-10-16

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ZA979256B (en) 1998-05-11
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