Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
  • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
  • E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
  • E21D9/0607—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining the shield being provided with devices for lining the tunnel, e.g. shuttering
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
  • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
  • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
  • E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor

Definitions

• the invention relates to an underground construction device with a tunnel shield consisting of a cutting edge, shield casing and shield tail and formwork adjoining it for the concrete lining.
• the invention further relates to an underground construction method with shield driving and installation of a concrete tunnel lining directly behind the shield.
• Tunnel and tunnel structures in underground construction in non-stable mountains are often created using a shield consisting of a cylindrical tube, which supports the mountains in the mining area and prevents the tunnel from collapsing. If necessary, the tunnel breast shield-like panels are secured. As the excavation progresses, the tunnel shield is advanced. Behind the same, the tunnel profile must be supported immediately with internals. These internals often consist of curved plate so-called tubbings, z. B. made of cast iron or reinforced steel which are put together to be worn rings. By filling the cavities between the tubbingri and the mountains backwards, the rock pressure can be transferred to these tubbing rings.
• the aim of the invention is that the reinforcement can mostly be omitted entirely, or at least substantially reduced.
• the shield tail consists of a fixed with the shield sheath bonded part and a relatively movable to that part of the movable shield "is tail portion divided into a plurality of blades which individually
• OMPI yfa W1PO ⁇ > are preferred in the jacket, and that the formwork has several formwork rings consisting of curved formwork elements.
• d formwork rings with annular ribs and with longitudinal ribs are provided for the purpose of generating a grid of ring notches and longitudinal notches in the finished concrete lining.
• the vault of the tunnel lining is divided into individual blocks.
• the notches form weakening joints between these blocks.
• cracks can develop along these notches, which favor the adaptation of the lining to the deforming rock, since the individual blocks separated from each other by the settlement cracks can be rotated somewhat against each other , similar to a lining made of single vaulted stones.
• Vault reinforcement can in most cases be completely omitted or at least greatly reduced, because there are practically no bending stresses in these blocks.
• the tunnel construction method according to the invention is characterized in that, in the case of a substantially continuous shield drive, concrete rings made of in-situ concrete are introduced in stages behind the shield, and that for this purpose a formwork ring consisting of several arched formwork elements is segmented
• OMPI is mounted behind the shield and connected to an adjacent formwork ring, and that the concrete is inserted segment by segment from the sole over the elms, alternating left and right ascending to the apex between the formwork ring and a plate tail part made of lamellae that is movable relative to the plate wherein the letzerem associated lamella of the 'beweg ⁇ union shield tail portion is preferred in the shield during Betonie ⁇ proceedings of an element to allow the concrete to the rock wall of the tunnel comes into contact.
• FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a tunnel construction device which is used in loose rock construction
• FIG. 2 shows a cross section along the line II-II through the device according to FIG. 1,
• FIG. 3 shows a cross section along the line III-III through the device according to FIG. 2, 4 shows a section through the shield tail, on a larger scale,
• Fig. 9 shows a section through a hydraulic clutch ⁇ for connecting two formwork elements, wherein the Kupp ⁇ system is shown prior to tightening
• Fig. 12 shows a section through the stamp of the front formwork
• OMPI, fa WIPO, ⁇ >, 13 shows an end view of a stamp member of the stamp according to FIG. 12.
• the tunnel construction device has a cylindrical shield 1, which is pressed by means of feed presses 2 against the tunnel face 3 which is found in the excavation b.
• the shield 1 comprises a shield blade 4, the shield body 5 and the two-piece shield tail 6, 7 "T he a part 6 of the shield tail is firmly connected to the shield jacket 5 and moves with di under the pressure of the feed presses 2 continuously after vo of in individual slats 7a, 7b divided movable reed tail part 7 is arranged longitudinally displaceable relative to the shield casing 5, each slat ' 7a, 7b individually by means of hydraulic shield tail presses 8 can be pre-pulled into the shield casing 5.
• the lamella joints are designed such that the longitudinal edge 9 of the one lamella 7a is guided in an articulated manner in a longitudinal groove 10 arranged on the edge adjacent lamella 7b.
• the two shield tail parts 6, 7 are supported on the frame of the shield shell by means of the support 2 and the roller 28.
• the diameter of the shield cutting edge 4 is somewhat larger than the through
• the pistons 13 of the hydraulic feed presses 2 are supported on the formwork 14 adjoining the plate 1.
• the latter consists of a number of formwork rings 15, 15a, 15b which are connected to one another by means of couplings 17 and which in turn consist of a number of curved formwork elements 16. Both the connection of the individual formwork elements 16 to one another as well as the connection of the formwork rings 15, 15a to one another takes place with such hydraulic couplings 17.
• the concrete 18, 18a, 18b introduced in stages between the formwork 14 and the soil is expediently covered with a provisional insulation 19 in order to accelerate the hardening.
• the formwork can also be provided with insulation 19 for the same reason.
• the shuttering of the end face is carried out with a multipart 'stamp 20, whose division 16 corresponds to the number of SchaPungs institute a formwork ring 15th
• the support of the Face formwork against the concrete pressure is carried out hydraulically 21 bearings that are attached to the shield jacket 5.
• Each stamp segment can be individually manipulated via a central control.
• stamp segments 20 are sealed by means of seals 22 with respect to the formwork 14, the movable shield tail part 7 and below. They are designed as a hollow box construction, so that their cavities 23 can be charged with hot water in order to achieve a rapid strength development of the bet.
• the end faces of the punch 20 are additionally equipped with devices for vacuuming the concrete in the end face area.
• a waiting time must be observed, which depends on the required stability of the fresh concrete. If necessary, this waiting time can be reduced by using preheated fresh concrete.
• the hardening at least in the forehead area, is first partially removed from the concrete by vacuuming, and then the cavities 23 in the stamp are charged with hot water in order to increase the setting temperature.
• the excavation work on the tunnel face can continue. Under the pressure of the feed presses, the shield 1 continuously moves forward.
• the formwork 14 has ring-shaped ribs 24 which are perpendicular to the tunnel axis and which engage in the concrete.
• longitudinal ribs 25 can also be provided, so that the finished lining that is switched off is provided with a grid of ring notches and longitudinal notches, the function of which has already been pointed out in the introduction to the description.
• the concreting of the new concrete ring 18b is also carried out segment by segment, alternating left and right ascending from the sole over the elms to the apex.
• the corresponding lamella of the movable shield tail part 7 is pulled back into the shield casing 5, through which fresh concrete comes into contact with the mountains of the tunnel wall (FIG. 7).
• the concrete is brought in by pumps via connecting pieces 29 on the punch 20 or on the formwork 14. Because of the relatively small volume of approximately 1 to 2 m of a concrete ring segment, the process requires only a few minutes - 15th
• the factors influencing the stability of the concrete are chosen so that the concrete becomes a concrete after about 16 hours
• Each formwork ring expediently consists of 8 to 12 formwork elements.
• narrow, conical ring plates 30 can be arranged between the individual formwork rings.
• the respective installation position of these ring plates depends on the tolerance values with regard to the tunnel axis and shield axis or is a function of the desired tunnel curvature.
• the formwork elements are identical with each other, with the exception of the sole and apex element.
• the former is with one Provide drainage device, and the latter is equipped with a tangential press device as a ring closure piece or as a stripping relief piece.
• the hydraulic coupling 17 was developed to connect the formwork elements and the formwork rings to one another (FIGS. 9-11).
• This consists of a tension rod 31, which is guided in a longitudinally displaceable manner in a tensioning sleeve 32.
• the E of the clamping rod 31 protrudes from the clamping sleeve 32 and b the screwed clamping head 33 and the multi-part chaff 34.
• the one ends of the latter are articulated 35 i clamping head 33.
• the facing the clamping sleeve 32 at ren ends 37 of the jaws 34 form a conical extension which the conical counter clamping head 38 is opposite at the end of the clamping sleeve 32.
• the clutch 17 is hydraulically actuated and fastened inside the formwork element 16 in a manner not shown. It can be completely retracted as a whole i the formwork element.
• the adjusting ring 39 is connected to the clamping sleeve 32 ′′ via a thread 42, so that the distance of the jaw flange 41 from the adjusting ring 39 can be adjusted, for example to take into account a compensating ring 30 arranged between the two shaping rings 15, 15b can (Fig. 11).
• the seal 22 arranged on three sides of the individual stamp member is in the form of an inflatable hollow seal in order to equalize different tolerances between the stamp 20 and the ring formwork 14 or the movable shield tail parts 7.
• the vacuum pear 43, the cap 44 is designed as a sieve, are releasably placed in corresponding openings in the stamp e.
• the vacuum bulbs must be easy to remove and disassemble for cleaning.
• the filler neck 29 with slide 45 for the pumped concrete are conical.
• the cones left in the concrete 18b after the formwork form a toothing with the connection of the concrete ring.
• a number of filler necks 29 are provided, which can optionally be connected to the pump hoses 46.
• connection points for the hot water supply and return are designated with 47 ..
• the manipulations for the ring segment couplings are provided hydraulically and mechanically, so that effortless and quick switching is ensured.
• the devices for vacuum and heat treatment can be built into the shield construction, as can the attachment
• the actuation and control of the shield feed presses was carried out, as when using tubbings, using equipment that is installed in a shield.
• the proposed tunneling method basically does not cause any difficulties for the execution.
• a relatively high degree of mechanization of the two main work types of shells - stripping and concreting - reworking the concrete is essential.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Geology (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
• Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
• Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=4376858

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (9)

Cited By (5)

Families Citing this family (1)

Citations (15)

Family Cites Families (3)

• 1977
  • 1977-09-27 CH CH1178677A patent/CH623887A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1978
  • 1978-09-25 NO NO783236A patent/NO783236L/no unknown
  • 1978-09-26 WO PCT/CH1978/000021 patent/WO1979000159A1/de unknown
  • 1978-09-26 DE DE19782857475 patent/DE2857475C1/de not_active Expired
  • 1978-09-27 AT AT697178A patent/AT360578B/de active
  • 1978-09-27 IT IT28143/78A patent/IT1098955B/it active
• 1979
  • 1979-05-25 EP EP78900127A patent/EP0007357A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1980
  • 1980-11-18 FR FR8024852A patent/FR2477221A1/fr active Granted
• 1981
  • 1981-02-11 SE SE8100959A patent/SE446762B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation

Patent Citations (15)

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