USRE39874E1 - Lens with variable focus - Google Patents

Lens with variable focus Download PDF

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Publication number
USRE39874E1
USRE39874E1 US10/819,888 US81988898A USRE39874E US RE39874 E1 USRE39874 E1 US RE39874E1 US 81988898 A US81988898 A US 81988898A US RE39874 E USRE39874 E US RE39874E
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United States
Prior art keywords
liquid
variable focus
focus lens
wall
drop
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Expired - Lifetime
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US10/819,888
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English (en)
Inventor
Bruno Berge
Jérôme Peseux
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Invenios France Sas
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Varioptic SA
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Publication of USRE39874E1 publication Critical patent/USRE39874E1/en
Assigned to PARROT reassignment PARROT MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: VARIOPTIC
Assigned to PARROT DRONES reassignment PARROT DRONES MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: PARROT
Assigned to INVENIOS FRANCE SAS reassignment INVENIOS FRANCE SAS ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: PARROT DRONES
Assigned to CORNING RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION reassignment CORNING RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: INVENIOS FRANCE SAS
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/12—Fluid-filled or evacuated lenses
    • G02B3/14—Fluid-filled or evacuated lenses of variable focal length
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/00163—Optical arrangements
    • A61B1/00188—Optical arrangements with focusing or zooming features
    • A61B1/0019—Optical arrangements with focusing or zooming features characterised by variable lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/004—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements based on a displacement or a deformation of a fluid
    • G02B26/005—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements based on a displacement or a deformation of a fluid based on electrowetting

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of variable focal lenses, and more specifically to liquid lenses having a variable electrically controlled focus.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,659,330 discloses a display device using the electrowetting phenomenon to vary the shape of a drop of opaque conductor liquid placed on a dielectric. This document does not suggest the use as an optic lens.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a lens whose focus may vary continuously as a function of an electric control, by using the phenomenon of electrowetting.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a lens which is simple to manufacture.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a lens which is simple to use.
  • the present invention provides a variable focus lens comprising a chamber filled with a first liquid, a drop of a second liquid being disposed at rest on a region of a first surface of an insulating wall of the chamber, the first and second liquids being non miscible, of different optical indexes and of substantially same density.
  • the first liquid is conductive and the second liquid is insulating.
  • the lens further comprises means for applying a voltage between the conductor liquid and an electrode placed on the second surface of said wall; and centering means for maintaining the centering of the edge of the drop while the voltage is applied and for controlling the shape thereof.
  • the centering means allows a continuous maintaining of the centering of the drop and a continuous control of the shape of the edge of the drop while a varying voltage is applied by said means for applying a voltage.
  • the first surface is substantially flat
  • the contact region is circular and centered about an axis which is perpendicular to the first surface.
  • the centering means corresponds to a progressive thickening of the second surface of the wall of the chamber towards said axis, said electrode being applied against said second surface.
  • the centering means corresponds to a radial decrease of the wetting with respect to the first liquid, towards the center of said contact region with the second liquid.
  • the centering means corresponds to a radial gradient of the dielectric constant of said wall of the chamber at the level of said contact region with the second liquid.
  • the first surface is substantially flat
  • the contact region 15 is circular and centered about an axis perpendicular to the first surface
  • the centering means comprises an electrode formed of one or several circular concentric strips insulated from each other, centered about said axis, the circular strips being supplied by distinct voltage sources of values decreasing towards said axis.
  • the chamber is cylindrical
  • the first surface is the internal surface of the chamber
  • the contact region with the second liquid corresponds to a cylindrical section of the chamber
  • the centering means is comprised of one or several cylindrical electrodes of same diameter, insulated from each other, placed side by side against the external surface of the chamber at the level of the border of said contact region, the electrodes being supplied by different voltages of values decreasing towards the center of said contact region.
  • the first surface is substantially flat
  • the contact region is rectangular and symmetric with respect to an axis perpendicular to the first surface
  • the centering means is comprised of an electrode formed of one or several rectangular concentric strips insulated from each other, symmetric with respect to said axis, the rectangular strips being supplied by distinct voltage sources of decreasing values towards said axis.
  • said wall is comprised of two non parallel planes and in which said region bridges said two planes.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a variable focus lens according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of a variable focus lens according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of a variable focus lens according to the present invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a fourth embodiment of a variable focus lens according to the present invention
  • FIG. 5 shows a fifth embodiment of a variable focus lens according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 shows another embodiment of a variable focus lens according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a simplified cross-section view of a variable focus liquid lens according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • a drop of an insulating liquid 11 is located on the internal surface of a wall of a dielectric chamber 12 filled with a conductor liquid 13 .
  • the insulating liquid 11 and the conductor liquid 13 are both transparent, not miscible, have different optical indexes and have substantially the same density.
  • the dielectric 12 naturally has a low wetting with respect to the conductor liquid 13 .
  • a surface treatment 14 insuring a high wetting of the wall of the dielectric chamber with respect to the conductor liquid 13 surrounds the contact region 15 between the insulating liquid drop 11 and the wall of chamber 12 .
  • the surface treatment 14 maintains the positioning of drop 11 , preventing the insulating liquid from spreading beyond the desired contact surface.
  • the insulating liquid drop 11 naturally takes the shape designated by reference A. “O” designates the axis which is perpendicular to the contact region 15 and passing through the center of contact region 15 .
  • the insulating liquid drop 11 is centered about axis O which constitutes the optical axis of the device.
  • the elements of the device which are adjacent to axis O are transparent.
  • An electrode 16 letting through light in the vicinity of axis O, is placed on the external surface of the wall of dielectric chamber 12 , on which is situated the insulating liquid drop 11 .
  • An electrode 17 contacts the conductor liquid 13 . Electrode 17 may be immersed in liquid 13 , or be a conductor deposition achieved on an internal wall of chamber 12 .
  • An aspect of the present invention is to maintain the circularity of the drop and its concentricity with respect to axis O while its shape changes by generating an electric field which decreases radially towards the center of region 15 .
  • a centering means for drop 11 is additionally provided. Examples of such centering means appear in the second to sixth embodiments of the invention described hereinafter.
  • FIG. 2 shows a simplified cross-section view of a variable focus liquid lens according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Elements such as drop 11 , axis O, chamber 12 , conductor liquid 13 , surface treatment 14 , contact region 15 and electrode 17 are the same as those of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1 .
  • the positions A and B also correspond to the rest position of drop 11 and to the limit position of drop 11 , respectively.
  • the centering means comprises the generation of an electrical field which decreases radially towards the center of region 15 .
  • an electrode 26 is provided which has a surface which progressively departs from the surface of region 15 while approaching axis O.
  • Such an electrode 26 may, for example, be obtained by depositing a metallic film on the lateral walls of a taper centered about axis O, achieved on the external surface of the wall of chamber 12 on which is placed drop 11 .
  • An alternative embodiment may consist in depositing a metallic film on the surface of a transparent dielectric resin drop centered about axis O, attached to the external surface of the wall of chamber 12 on which drop 11 is placed. The top of the resin drop is planed in the vicinity of axis O to let the light through.
  • the insulating liquid drop 11 reaches a limit position (designated by reference B).
  • voltage V varies continuously between O volt and its maximum value, the insulating liquid drop 11 continuously deforms from position A to position B. It will be noted that, drop 11 being of an insulating liquid, no microdroplets are produced at its periphery when the voltage is high, in contrast to what would happen if the drop was of a conductor liquid (see the above mentioned article of Vallet, Berge and Vovelle).
  • FIG. 3 shows a simplified cross-section view of a variable focus liquid lens according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Elements such as drop 11 , axis O, chamber 12 , conductor liquid 13 , surface treatment 14 , contact region 15 and electrode 17 are the same as those of the embodiment described in FIG. 1 .
  • the positions A and B also correspond to the rest position of drop 11 and to the limit position of drop 11 , respectively.
  • a group of three circular concentric electrodes, 35 , 36 and 37 insulated from each other, and having O as axis.
  • a voltage may be applied between each of electrodes 35 , 36 and 37 and electrode 17 ; exemplary voltages V 1 , V 2 and V 3 are shown, each of which may vary.
  • the voltages are chosen at any time with decreasing values towards axis O so that the electric field generated by applying the voltages to electrodes 35 , 36 and 37 decreases radially towards the center of region 15 .
  • voltages V 1 , V 2 and V 3 continuously vary between 0 volt and their maximum value, the insulating liquid drop 11 deforms continuously between its rest position A and its limit position B.
  • each electrode 35 , 36 and 37 may be connected by a switch, either to a same voltage source V, either to ground.
  • V a constant voltage
  • the shape of drop 11 is then varied by varying the number of electrodes to which a voltage is applied.
  • the focus variation is discrete and not continuous. Only certain predetermined focuses can thus be obtained for the lens comprised of drop 11 , but the benefit is then that the voltage control is relatively simple to implement.
  • FIG. 4 shows a simplified cross-section view of a variable focus liquid lens according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Elements such as drop 11 , axis O, conductor liquid 13 , surface treatment 14 , contact region 15 and electrodes 16 and 17 are the same as those of the embodiment described in FIG. 1 .
  • the positions A and B also correspond to the rest position of drop 11 and to the limit position of drop 11 , respectively.
  • the wall of the dielectric chamber 52 on which the insulating liquid drop 11 is placed comprises a circular dielectric region 53 , letting through the light about axis O.
  • Region 53 has a low wetting with respect to conductor liquid 13 in the absence of a surface treatment 14 .
  • Region 53 has been treated in such a way that its dielectric constant varies radially and continuously towards axis O, and that the electric field generated by voltage V has a gradient which decreases radially towards axis O on the contact region 15 .
  • voltage V is varied continuously between 0 volt and its maximum value, the insulating liquid drop 11 continuously deforms between its rest position A and its limit position B.
  • FIG. 5 shows a simplified cross-section view of a variable focus liquid lens according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Elements such as drop 11 , axis O, dielectric chamber 12 , conductor liquid 13 , contact region 15 and electrodes 16 and 17 are the same as those of the embodiment described in FIG. 1 .
  • the positions A and B also correspond to the rest position of drop 11 and to the limit position of drop 11 , respectively.
  • the surface of the wall of dielectric chamber 12 on which the insulating liquid drop 11 is placed has been treated at different regions 14 , 65 , 66 and 67 such that the wetting of regions 14 , 65 , 66 and 67 with respect to conductor liquid 13 decreases radially towards axis O.
  • a voltage V may be applied between electrode 16 and electrode 17 .
  • the electric field generated by voltage V increases the wetting of regions 14 , 65 , 66 and 67 but maintains the initial wetting gradient.
  • voltage V varies between 0 volt and its maximum value, the shape of the insulating liquid drop 11 continuously varies between its rest position A and its limit position B.
  • FIG. 6 shows a simplified cross-section view of another embodiment of the present invention in which an insulating liquid 11 occupies the bottom portion of a cylindrical dielectric chamber and is covered by a conductor liquid 13 .
  • the chamber is designated by reference 12 .
  • the materials composing elements 11 , 12 and 13 are the same as those of the previous embodiments.
  • a surface treatment 14 insuring a high wetting of the internal wall of chamber 12 with respect to the conductor liquid 13 is achieved above the contact region 15 between liquid 11 and the internal surface of chamber 12 .
  • the surface treatment 14 allows the position of liquid 11 to be maintained for avoiding this liquid from spreading beyond the contact surface.
  • the top portion of liquid 11 will be considered and it will be called, like in the previous embodiment, “drop 11”.
  • the insulating liquid drop 11 naturally takes the shape designated by reference A.
  • Axis O is the axis of chamber 12 .
  • the insulating liquid drop 11 is centered about axis O which constitutes the optical axis of the device.
  • Electrodes 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 are placed about the external wall of dielectric chamber 12 in the vicinity of contact region 15 .
  • the electrodes 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 are insulated from each other and a voltage V is established between electrode 75 and an electrode 17 contacting the conductor liquid 13 .
  • the electrodes 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 are biased through capacitive influence when voltage V is established.
  • the electric field generated by voltage v decreases according to a longitudinal gradient from electrode 75 towards electrode 79 .
  • conductor liquid 13 moves and deforms the insulating liquid drop 11 . A variation of the focus of the lens is thus obtained.
  • the surface of the dielectric chamber 12 of FIG. 1 may be concave or convex, in order to obtain a particular diopter value of the device at rest.
  • the contact region between the insulating liquid drop and the dielectric chamber may be treated for having a high wetting with respect to the insulating liquid, in order to simplify the positioning of the insulating liquid drop.
  • the contact region may be achieved by a surface treatment adapted to providing it with a low wetting with respect to the conductor liquid.
  • the surface treatment 14 may consist of depositing or sticking a film of a material having a high wetting with respect to conductor liquid 13 .
  • Electrode 16 of FIG. 1 may be replaced with a conductor liquid in contact with the external surface of chamber 12 , voltage V then being established between this conductor liquid and liquid 13 .
  • a device including an array formed of groups of three, separately controlled, variable focus lenses, colored in red, green, and blue, operating, for example, in a binary mode, stopping or allowing through light originating from a unique source of white light, thus forming a luminous color screen which may be of big size and of moderate cost.
  • conductor liquid 13 As an example of conductor liquid 13 , one may use water loaded with salts (mineral or other) or any other liquid, organic or not, which is conductive or made conductive by addition of ionic components.
  • insulating liquid 11 As an insulating liquid 11 , one may use oil, an alcane or a blend of alcanes, eventually halogenated, or any other insulating liquid which is not miscible with conductor liquid 13 .
  • Chamber 12 may be comprised of a glass plate, treated with silane or covered with a thin coating of fluorinated polymer or of a sandwich of fluorinated polymer, epoxy resin, polyethylene.
  • Voltage V will preferably be alternating in order to avoid the accumulation of electric charges throughout material 12 from the surface on which drop 11 is placed.
  • drop 11 has a rest diameter of approximately 6 mm.
  • the conductor liquid 13 and the insulating liquid of drop 11 being substantially of same density, drop 12 has a hemispheric shape.
  • position A When it is at rest (position A), the edge of drop 11 is at an angle of approximately 45° to the surface of chamber 12 .
  • position B In its limit position (position B), the edge of drop 11 is at an angle of approximately 90° to the surface of chamber 12 .
  • the described device using as a conductor liquid 13 salt water of optical index 1.35 and, for the insulating liquid of drop 11 , oil having an optical index of 1.45, achieves approximately 40 diopters of focus variation for an applied voltage of 250 volts and an electrical power of some mW.
  • the frequency of the alternating voltage is in this case comprised between 50 and 10,000 Hz, its period being substantially smaller than the response time of the system which is several hundredths of a second.
  • variable focus lens according to the present invention may have a size comprised between several tens of ⁇ m and several tens of mm, and may in particular be applied to the field of optoelectronic systems or to endoscopy.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Mechanical Light Control Or Optical Switches (AREA)
  • Automatic Focus Adjustment (AREA)
  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
US10/819,888 1997-10-08 1998-10-07 Lens with variable focus Expired - Lifetime USRE39874E1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9712781A FR2769375B1 (fr) 1997-10-08 1997-10-08 Lentille a focale variable
PCT/FR1998/002143 WO1999018456A1 (fr) 1997-10-08 1998-10-07 Lentille a focale variable

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US09/529,193 Ceased US6369954B1 (en) 1997-10-08 1998-10-07 Lens with variable focus

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EP (1) EP1019758B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4154858B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE214164T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2306249C (fr)
DE (1) DE69804119T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2171041T3 (fr)
FR (1) FR2769375B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999018456A1 (fr)

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EP2789972A1 (fr) 2013-04-12 2014-10-15 Hexagon Technology Center GmbH Appareil de mesure avec élément optique déformable
US9952358B2 (en) 2015-04-11 2018-04-24 Corning Incorporated Method to prevent emulsion in a liquid lens
US11402623B2 (en) 2017-08-02 2022-08-02 Corning Incorporated Flexible subtrate and circuit for liquid lens system

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ATE214164T1 (de) 2002-03-15
JP2001519539A (ja) 2001-10-23
FR2769375B1 (fr) 2001-01-19
CA2306249A1 (fr) 1999-04-15
DE69804119T2 (de) 2002-11-28
EP1019758A1 (fr) 2000-07-19
EP1019758B1 (fr) 2002-03-06
ES2171041T3 (es) 2002-08-16
CA2306249C (fr) 2007-09-18
DE69804119D1 (de) 2002-04-11
JP4154858B2 (ja) 2008-09-24
WO1999018456A1 (fr) 1999-04-15
FR2769375A1 (fr) 1999-04-09
US6369954B1 (en) 2002-04-09

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