US7852411B2 - Method and apparatus for composition of subtitles - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for composition of subtitles Download PDF

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Publication number
US7852411B2
US7852411B2 US10/535,106 US53510605A US7852411B2 US 7852411 B2 US7852411 B2 US 7852411B2 US 53510605 A US53510605 A US 53510605A US 7852411 B2 US7852411 B2 US 7852411B2
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United States
Prior art keywords
subtitles
data
mixer
subtitle
region
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US10/535,106
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US20060013563A1 (en
Inventor
Dirk Adolph
Jobst Hörentrup
Ralf Ostermann
Hartmut Peters
Harald Schiller
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InterDigital CE Patent Holdings SAS
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Thomson Licensing SAS
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Assigned to THOMSON LICENSING S.A. reassignment THOMSON LICENSING S.A. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ADOLPH, DIRK, HORENTRUP, JOBST, OSTERMANN, RALF, PETERS, HARTMUT, SCHILLER, HARALD
Publication of US20060013563A1 publication Critical patent/US20060013563A1/en
Priority to US12/800,418 priority Critical patent/US8737810B2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US7852411B2 publication Critical patent/US7852411B2/en
Priority to US13/462,382 priority patent/US8363163B2/en
Priority to US13/462,372 priority patent/US8432493B2/en
Priority to US13/462,391 priority patent/US8373800B2/en
Priority to US13/462,398 priority patent/US8531609B2/en
Priority to US13/462,364 priority patent/US8537282B2/en
Priority to US14/166,940 priority patent/US9503678B2/en
Priority to US14/198,928 priority patent/US9595293B2/en
Priority to US14/222,126 priority patent/US9635306B2/en
Priority to US14/224,197 priority patent/US9749576B2/en
Priority to US15/658,949 priority patent/US20170324925A1/en
Assigned to THOMSON LICENSING reassignment THOMSON LICENSING ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: THOMSON LICENSING S.A.
Assigned to INTERDIGITAL CE PATENT HOLDINGS reassignment INTERDIGITAL CE PATENT HOLDINGS ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: THOMSON LICENSING
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/08—Systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal, e.g. additional information signals, the signals occupying wholly or partially the same frequency band, e.g. by time division
    • H04N7/087—Systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal, e.g. additional information signals, the signals occupying wholly or partially the same frequency band, e.g. by time division with signal insertion during the vertical blanking interval only
    • H04N7/088—Systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal, e.g. additional information signals, the signals occupying wholly or partially the same frequency band, e.g. by time division with signal insertion during the vertical blanking interval only the inserted signal being digital
    • H04N7/0882—Systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal, e.g. additional information signals, the signals occupying wholly or partially the same frequency band, e.g. by time division with signal insertion during the vertical blanking interval only the inserted signal being digital for the transmission of character code signals, e.g. for teletext
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/431—Generation of visual interfaces for content selection or interaction; Content or additional data rendering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/222—Studio circuitry; Studio devices; Studio equipment
    • H04N5/262—Studio circuits, e.g. for mixing, switching-over, change of character of image, other special effects ; Cameras specially adapted for the electronic generation of special effects
    • H04N5/278—Subtitling
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B27/00—Editing; Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Monitoring; Measuring tape travel
    • G11B27/02—Editing, e.g. varying the order of information signals recorded on, or reproduced from, record carriers
    • G11B27/031—Electronic editing of digitised analogue information signals, e.g. audio or video signals
    • G11B27/034—Electronic editing of digitised analogue information signals, e.g. audio or video signals on discs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/47—End-user applications
    • H04N21/488—Data services, e.g. news ticker
    • H04N21/4884—Data services, e.g. news ticker for displaying subtitles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/44—Receiver circuitry for the reception of television signals according to analogue transmission standards
    • H04N5/445—Receiver circuitry for the reception of television signals according to analogue transmission standards for displaying additional information

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and to an apparatus for composition of subtitles for audio/video presentations, which can be used e.g. for HDTV subtitles in pre-recorded formats like the so-called Blue-ray Disc.
  • AV Audio-Visual
  • the technique of subtitling for Audio-Visual (AV) material has been used beginning with the first celluloid cinema movies and further until the recent digital media appeared.
  • the main target of subtitling has been the support of handicapped people or small ethnographic language groups. Therefore subtitling often aims at the presentation of text information even when having been encoded as graphic data like pixel maps. Therefore pre-produced AV material for broadcasting (Closed Caption, Teletext, DVB-Subtitle etc.) and movie discs (DVD Sub-Picture etc.) primarily are optimized for subtitles representing simple static textual information.
  • progress in PC software development for presentation and animation of textual information induces a corresponding demand for possibilities and features within the digital subtitling technique used for pre-recording and broadcasting.
  • Subtitling can be based on either pixel data or on character data.
  • subtitling schemes comprise a general framework, which for instance deals with the synchronization of subtitling elements along the AV time axis.
  • subtitling frames are conveyed directly in the form of graphical representations by describing them as (typically rectangular) regions of pixel values on the AV screen.
  • pixel values must be encoded and provided in the subtitling bitstream, together with appropriate synchronization info, and hence for the full feature animation of subtitles all pixel changed must be transported.
  • the pixel-based approach carries the penalty of a considerably increased bandwidth for the subtitling data.
  • Examples of pixel-based subtitling schemes can be found in DVD'sub-picture concept “DVD Specification for Read-Only disc”, Part 3: Video, as well as in the “pixel object” concept of DVB Subtitling, specified in ETS 300 743.
  • the gist of the invention is a subtitling format encompassing elements of enhanced syntax and semantic to provide improved animation capabilities.
  • the disclosed elements improve subtitle performance without stressing the available subtitle bitrate. This will become essential for authoring content of high-end HDTV subtitles in pre-recorded format, which can be broadcast or pressed on high capacity optical media, e.g. the Blue-ray Disc.
  • the invention includes abilities for improved authoring possibilities for the content production to animate subtitles.
  • the disclosed elements can be used to provide interactivity on textual and graphical information. Especially the positioning and/or color settings of subtitles can be manipulated based upon user request.
  • FIG. 1 segment_type values for enhanced PCS and RCS
  • FIG. 2 Enhanced page composition segment
  • FIG. 3 Enhanced region composition segment
  • FIG. 4 Example for the definition of a subtitle region and its location within a page
  • FIG. 5 Example for definition of a region sub-CLUT and region cropping
  • FIG. 6 Resulting display example
  • FIG. 7 Interactive usage of subtitles
  • FIG. 8 Video and Graphics Planes
  • FIG. 9 Video and Graphics Mixing and Switching.
  • the invention can preferably be embodied based on the syntax and semantic of the DVB subtitle specification (DVB-ST).
  • DVD-ST DVB subtitle specification
  • PCS page composition segment
  • RCS region composition segment
  • DVB_ST uses page composition segments (PCS) to describe the positions of one or more rectangular regions on the display screen.
  • the region composition segments (RCS) are used to define the size of any such rectangular area and identifies the color-lookup-table (CLUT) used within.
  • the proposed invention keeps backward compatibility with DVB-ST by using different segment_types for the enhanced PCS and RCS elements, as listed in FIG. 1 showing segment type values according to DVB-ST, with additional values for enhanced PCS and enhanced RCS. It would also be possible to choose other values instead.
  • Another approach for keeping backward compatibility would be to keep the existing segment_types and increase the version_number of the specification, e.g. by incrementing the subtitle_stream_id in the PES_data_field structure.
  • FIG. 2 shows the data structure of an enhanced page composition segment (PCS), containing a region_cropping section and a region_sub_CLUT section.
  • FIG. 3 shows the data structure of an enhanced region composition segment (RCS), containing an identifier sub_CLUT_id for a sub-color-look-up-table.
  • PCS page composition segment
  • RCS enhanced region composition segment
  • the enhanced PCS shown in FIG. 2 carries optional information about the region cropping and optional information about the region_sub-CLUT for every region listed.
  • the two values of region_cropping and region_sub_CLUT indicate if such optional information is available for the current region in process. Therefore cropping and sub-CLUT may be defined separately for every region.
  • the region_sub_CLUT shows the value how many sub-CLUT positions are described. This is done to provide different alternatives within the stream.
  • Alternative sub-CLUT positions can be used to define different menu button positions for the display screen. Only one of them—the first one as a default—is active and the user can change the position to navigate through the different predefined positions pressing the remote for example.
  • the enhanced RCS shown in FIG. 3 carries the sub_CLUT_id identifying the family of CLUTs that applies to this region. This is done to re-use CLUTs for different regions and different region sub_CLUTs as well.
  • the enhanced PCS and enhanced RCS elements provide the ability that subtitles can be manipulated independent from the encoding method i.e. independent from whether they are encoded as character data or pixel data.
  • the enhanced PCS and RCS can be used to perform many different animation effects for subtitles. Those could be wiping boxes, blinds, scrolling, wipes, checker boxes, etc.
  • FIG. 4 shows the definition of a region R containing lyrics of a song displayed for karaoke.
  • the letters of the subtitle may be encoded as pixel data or as character data as well.
  • the region_vertical_address RVA and the region_horizontal_address RHA define the location of the subtitle within the frame, or page PG, to display.
  • FIG. 5 depicts in the upper part region cropping, and in the lower part the location of the region sub-CLUT.
  • Region cropping defines which part of the region is effectively displayed. This is achieved by four parameters RHC, RVC, RCH, RCW indicating the start coordinates and the size of the fragment to display.
  • region_horizontal_cropping RHC specifies the horizontal address of the top left pixel of this cropping
  • region_vertical_cropping RVC specifies the vertical address of the top line of this cropping
  • region_cropping_width RCW specifies the horizontal length of this cropping
  • region_cropping_height RCH specifies the vertical length of this cropping, wherein cropping means that part of the subtitles that is visible on a display.
  • the region sub-CLUT location shown in the lower part of FIG. 5 defines which part of the region has to be displayed using a color-look-up-table (CLUT) different from the region CLUT. This is achieved by four parameters SCHA, SCVA, SCH, SCW indicating the start coordinates and the size of the subregion used by the sub-CLUT. All coordinate parameters are to be understood relative to the region the sub-CLUT belongs to.
  • CLUT color-look-up-table
  • sub_CLUT_horizontal_address SCHA specifies the horizontal address of the top left pixel of this sub-CLUT
  • sub_CLUT_vertical_address SCVA specifies the vertical address of the top line of this sub-CLUT
  • sub_CLUT_width SCW specifies the horizontal length of this sub-CLUT
  • sub_CLUT_height SCH specifies the vertical length of this sub-CLUT.
  • any effect can be synchronized to the AV.
  • PES MPEG packet elementary stream
  • PTS presentation time stamps
  • Another idea of the invention is the superseding of subtitle animation parameters by the user. This offers a way to realize interactive subtitles.
  • the enhanced PCS parameters are transferred as a default, and the user may change them via a remote control for example. Thus the user is able to move, crop or highlight the subtitle.
  • FIG. 7 shows a block diagram for interactive subtitle modifications.
  • the default parameters DD read from a disc D are superseded by superseding data SD being generated upon the user action UA and processed by a processor P.
  • subtitle animation parameters like position, cropping rectangle, CLUTs and sub-CLUTs
  • the subtitle may carry pixel data of an animated character. This character is subsequently moved on the display screen driven by either user interaction, programmatic control or both.
  • the overriding of subtitle animation parameters can be implemented in at least two ways.
  • the first option is that the overriding parameters SD replace the parameters DD send in the bitstream.
  • the second option is that the overriding parameters SD are used as an offset that is added to or subracted from the subtitle animation parameters DD send in the bitstream.
  • the enhanced PCS and RCS provide a lot more of animation capabilities not explained. Following is a non-exhaustive list of examples: wiping boxes, blinds, scrolling, wipes, checker boxes in details.
  • Exemplary video and graphics planes are shown in FIG. 8 in an exemplary, schematic manner.
  • a background is provided by either an MPEG-2 video layer MVL or a still picture layer SPL. They are mutually exclusive, which means that not both of them need to be held in a buffer at a time.
  • the next two layers comprise a subtitle layer SL and an AV sync type graphics layer AVSGL. These two layers are in this example interchangeable, meaning that either the subtitle layer SL or the AV sync type graphics layer AVSGL may have priority over the other.
  • the front layer is a non-AV sync graphics layer NAVSGL, containing graphics that need not be synchronized with the AV content, such as e.g. menus or other onscreen displays.
  • the inventive method can preferably be used for the subtitle layer SL, the AV sync graphics layer AVSGL and/or the Non-AV sync graphics layer NAVSGL.
  • FIG. 9 shows relevant components of an apparatus for video and graphics mixing and switching.
  • Data comprising either still picture data or MPEG-2 video data, further data for subtitles, data for animations and data for non-AV sync graphics such as menu buttons, are retrieved from a disc D.
  • data for subtitles, animations and/or non-AV sync graphics can be received from a network NW, e.g. internet.
  • NW e.g. internet.
  • a processing unit CPU processes the non-AV sync graphics data and sends the resulting data to a rendering device for non-AV sync graphics RNAVG.
  • the apparatus contains a still picture decoder SPDec and an MPEG-2 video decoder MVDec, but since only one of them is used at a time, a switch s 1 can select which data shall be used for further processing.
  • two identical decoders AVSGDec 1 , AVSGDec 2 are used for decoding subtitle and animation data.
  • the outputs of these two decoders AVSGDec 1 , AVSGDec 2 may be switched by independent switches s 2 ,s 3 to either a mixer MX, or for preprocessing to a mixer and scaler MXS, which outputs its resulting data to said mixer MX.
  • the mixer MX has inputs for a front layer f 2 , a middle front layer mf, a middle back layer mb and a background layer b 2 .
  • the front layer f 2 may be unused, if the corresponding switch s 3 is in a position to connect the second AV sync graphics decoder AVSGDec 2 to the mixer and scaler MXS.
  • This unit MXS has inputs for front layer f 1 , middle layer m and background layer b. It superimposes these data correspondingly and sends the resulting picture data to the background input b 2 of the mixer MX.
  • these data represent e.g. a frame comprising up to three layers of picture and subtitles, which can be scaled and moved together within the final picture.
  • the background input b 1 of the mixer and scaler MXS is connected to the switch s 1 mentioned above, so that the background can be generated from a still picture or an MPEG-2 video.
  • the output of the first AV sync graphics decoder AVSGDec 1 is connected to a second switch s 2 , which may switch it to the middle layer input m of the mixer and scaler MXS or to the middle back layer input mb of the mixer MX.
  • the output of the second AV sync graphics decoder AVSGDec 2 is connected to a third switch s 3 , which may switch it to the front layer input f 1 of the mixer and scaler MXS or to the middle front layer input mf of the mixer MX.
  • AVSGD 2 may have priority over the other, as described above.
  • the second switch is s 2 may route the subtitle data to the middle back input mb of the mixer MX
  • the third switch s 3 routes the animation graphics data to the front input f 1 of the mixer and scaler MXS, so that it ends up at the background input b 2 of the mixer MX.
  • the switches s 2 , s 3 may route their outputs to the same unit, either the mixer and scaler MXS or the mixer MX, as shown in FIG. 9 .
US10/535,106 2002-11-15 2003-11-03 Method and apparatus for composition of subtitles Active 2027-11-03 US7852411B2 (en)

Priority Applications (11)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/800,418 US8737810B2 (en) 2002-11-15 2010-05-14 Method and apparatus for cropping of subtitle elements
US13/462,364 US8537282B2 (en) 2002-11-15 2012-05-02 Method and apparatus for composition of subtitles
US13/462,398 US8531609B2 (en) 2002-11-15 2012-05-02 Method and apparatus for composition of subtitles
US13/462,391 US8373800B2 (en) 2002-11-15 2012-05-02 Method and apparatus for composition of subtitles
US13/462,382 US8363163B2 (en) 2002-11-15 2012-05-02 Method and apparatus for composition of subtitles
US13/462,372 US8432493B2 (en) 2002-11-15 2012-05-02 Method and apparatus for composition of subtitles
US14/166,940 US9503678B2 (en) 2002-11-15 2014-01-29 Method and apparatus for composition of subtitles
US14/198,928 US9595293B2 (en) 2002-11-15 2014-03-06 Method and apparatus for composition of subtitles
US14/222,126 US9635306B2 (en) 2002-11-15 2014-03-21 Method and apparatus for composition of subtitles
US14/224,197 US9749576B2 (en) 2002-11-15 2014-03-25 Method and apparatus for composition of subtitles
US15/658,949 US20170324925A1 (en) 2002-11-15 2017-07-25 Method and apparatus for composition subtitles

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP02025474 2002-11-15
EP02025474.4 2002-11-15
EP02025474 2002-11-15
PCT/EP2003/012261 WO2004047430A1 (en) 2002-11-15 2003-11-03 Method and apparatus for composition of subtitles

Related Parent Applications (1)

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PCT/EP2003/012261 A-371-Of-International WO2004047430A1 (en) 2002-11-15 2003-11-03 Method and apparatus for composition of subtitles

Related Child Applications (1)

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US12/800,418 Continuation-In-Part US8737810B2 (en) 2002-11-15 2010-05-14 Method and apparatus for cropping of subtitle elements

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US20060013563A1 US20060013563A1 (en) 2006-01-19
US7852411B2 true US7852411B2 (en) 2010-12-14

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US10/535,106 Active 2027-11-03 US7852411B2 (en) 2002-11-15 2003-11-03 Method and apparatus for composition of subtitles
US14/166,927 Active US9462221B2 (en) 2002-11-15 2014-01-29 Method and apparatus for composition of subtitles
US14/166,940 Expired - Lifetime US9503678B2 (en) 2002-11-15 2014-01-29 Method and apparatus for composition of subtitles

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US14/166,927 Active US9462221B2 (en) 2002-11-15 2014-01-29 Method and apparatus for composition of subtitles
US14/166,940 Expired - Lifetime US9503678B2 (en) 2002-11-15 2014-01-29 Method and apparatus for composition of subtitles

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US (3) US7852411B2 (ko)
EP (1) EP1576809B1 (ko)
JP (10) JP4553248B2 (ko)
KR (2) KR100989503B1 (ko)
CN (1) CN100377582C (ko)
AT (1) ATE365423T1 (ko)
AU (1) AU2003279350B2 (ko)
BR (2) BR122013022769B1 (ko)
CA (1) CA2506521C (ko)
DE (1) DE60314544T2 (ko)
ES (1) ES2289339T3 (ko)
MX (1) MXPA05005133A (ko)
WO (1) WO2004047430A1 (ko)
ZA (1) ZA200503868B (ko)

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