US7755306B2 - Electric power control device, electric powered vehicle including the same, and method for controlling electric power of electric vehicle - Google Patents

Electric power control device, electric powered vehicle including the same, and method for controlling electric power of electric vehicle Download PDF

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US7755306B2
US7755306B2 US11/992,166 US99216606A US7755306B2 US 7755306 B2 US7755306 B2 US 7755306B2 US 99216606 A US99216606 A US 99216606A US 7755306 B2 US7755306 B2 US 7755306B2
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Prior art keywords
voltage
load
vehicle
electric power
power storage
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US20090115355A1 (en
Inventor
Hichirosai Oyobe
Shoichi Sasaki
Makoto Nakamura
Tetsuhiro Ishikawa
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/487—Neutral point clamped inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/493—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode the static converters being arranged for operation in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using DC to AC converters or inverters
    • H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using DC to AC converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P5/00—Arrangements specially adapted for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of two or more electric motors
    • H02P5/74—Arrangements specially adapted for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of two or more electric motors controlling two or more AC dynamo-electric motors

Definitions

  • the present invention has been devised to solve the foregoing problems, and an object thereof is to provide an electric power control device capable of supplying electric power to a vehicle-mounted load without use of a DC/DC converter.
  • the electric power control device includes: a first polyphase alternating current (AC) motor that includes a star-connected first polyphase winding as a stator winding; a second polyphase AC motor that includes a star-connected second polyphase winding as a stator winding; a first power storage device that supplies electric power to the first and second polyphase AC motors; a vehicle-mounted load that is electrically connected between a first neutral point of the first polyphase winding and a second neutral point of the second polyphase winding; and voltage control portion that controls a voltage across the first and second neutral points in accordance with a request voltage for the vehicle-mounted load.
  • AC alternating current
  • the vehicle-mounted load is connected between the first neutral point of the first polyphase AC motor and the second neutral point of the second polyphase AC motor. Then, the voltage across the first and second neutral points is controlled in accordance with the request voltage for the vehicle-mounted load. Thus, the vehicle-mounted load receives electric power from the first and second neutral points each having a potential controlled at the request voltage.
  • the electric power control device allows supply of electric power to the vehicle-mounted load without additional provision of a dedicated voltage conversion device.
  • the vehicle-mounted load includes a DC load.
  • the voltage control portion generates a DC voltage across the first and second neutral points in accordance with a request voltage for the DC load.
  • the electric power control device allows supply of electric power to the vehicle-mounted load without use of a DC/DC converter.
  • the DC load includes a plurality of load groups different in operating voltage from each other.
  • the electric power control device further includes: a plurality of second power storage devices that supply electric power to the plurality of load groups, respectively; and a switch device configured to be capable of electrically connecting one of the plurality of second power storage devices to the first and second neutral points.
  • the voltage control portion outputs, to the switch device, a command for electrically connecting one of the plurality of second power storage devices to the first and second neutral points, on the basis of states-of-charge of the plurality of second power storage devices, and controls the voltage across the first and second neutral points at an operating voltage level of the load group that receives electric power from the second power storage device electrically connected to the first and second neutral points.
  • the plurality of second power storage devices are alternately connected to the first and second neutral points on the basis of the states-of-charge of the plurality of second power storage devices.
  • the plurality of second power storage devices can be charged through the first and second neutral points. Accordingly, the electric power control device can stably supply electric power to the plurality of load groups without use of a DC/DC converter.
  • the voltage control portion outputs, to the switch device, a command for electrically connecting the second power storage device having the lowest state-of-charge to the first and second neutral points.
  • the second power storage device having the lowest state-of-charge is electrically connected to the first and second neutral points, and is charged by reception of electric power from the first and second neutral points. Accordingly, the electric power control device can prevent the second power storage device from being discharged excessively.
  • an electric powered vehicle includes: the electric power control device described above; and a driving wheel that is mechanically linked to a rotation shaft of at least one of the first and second polyphase AC motors.
  • the electric powered vehicle according to the present invention includes the electric power control device described above and, therefore, requires no DC/DC converter. Hence, the electric powered vehicle according to the present invention can achieve size reduction, weight reduction, cost reduction and the like thereof.
  • the vehicle-mounted load is electrically connected between the first neutral point of the first polyphase AC motor and the second neutral point of the second polyphase AC motor, and the voltage across the first and second neutral points is controlled in accordance with the request voltage for the vehicle-mounted load. Therefore, it is possible to supply electric power to the vehicle-mounted load without additional provision of a dedicated voltage conversion device such as a DC/DC converter.
  • FIG. 1 is a general block diagram of a hybrid vehicle shown as one example of an electric powered vehicle according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a zero-phase equivalent circuit including inverters and motor generators shown in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of a control device shown in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 4 is a detailed functional block diagram of a first inverter control portion, a second inverter control portion and a voltage command generation portion each shown in FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a control structure of processing executed by the voltage command generation portion shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 .
  • FIG. 6 is a general block diagram of a hybrid vehicle shown as one example of an electric powered vehicle according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram of a control device shown in FIG. 6 .
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a control structure of processing executed by a voltage command generation portion shown in FIG. 7 .
  • FIG. 1 is a general block diagram of a hybrid vehicle 100 shown as one example of an electric powered vehicle according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • hybrid vehicle 100 includes an engine 4 , motor generators MG 1 and MG 2 , a power split mechanism 3 , and wheels 2 .
  • Hybrid vehicle 100 also includes a power storage device B, a boost converter 10 , inverters 20 and 30 , a control device 60 , capacitors C 1 and C 2 , power supply lines PL 1 and PL 2 , a grounding line SL, U-phase lines UL 1 and UL 2 , V-phase lines VL 1 and VL 2 , W-phase lines WL 1 and WL 2 , voltage sensors 70 and 72 , and current sensors 80 and 82 .
  • Hybrid vehicle 100 also includes power output lines DCL 1 and DCL 2 , a relay circuit 40 , and a vehicle-mounted load 50 .
  • Hybrid vehicle 100 runs with engine 4 and motor generator MG 2 being used as a motive power source.
  • Power split mechanism 3 distributes motive power to engine 4 , motor generator MG 1 and motor generator MG 2 each linked thereto.
  • power split mechanism 3 may be a planetary gear mechanism having three rotation shafts: a sun gear, a planetary carrier and a ring gear. The three rotation shafts are connected to a rotation shaft of engine 4 , a rotation shaft of motor generator MG 1 and a rotation shaft of motor generator MG 2 , respectively.
  • motor generator MG 1 includes a hollow rotor, and a crank shaft of engine 4 is inserted into a center of the hollow rotor.
  • engine 4 , motor generator MG 1 and motor generator MG 2 can be mechanically connected to power split mechanism 3 .
  • the rotation shaft of motor generator MG 2 is linked to wheel 2 through a reduction gear or a differential gear (not shown). Further, a speed reducer to the rotation shaft of motor generator MG 2 may be incorporated into power split mechanism 3 .
  • motor generator MG 1 is incorporated into hybrid vehicle 100 so as to act as a generator driven by engine 4 and also act as a motor capable of starting up engine 4 .
  • Motor generator MG 2 is incorporated into hybrid vehicle 100 so as to act as a motor used for driving wheel 2 .
  • Power storage device B has a positive electrode connected to power supply line PL 1 , and a negative electrode connected to grounding line SL.
  • Capacitor C 1 is connected between power supply line PL 1 and grounding line SL.
  • Boost converter 10 includes a reactor L, npn-type transistors Q 1 and Q 2 , and diodes D 1 and D 2 .
  • npn-type transistors Q 1 and Q 2 are connected in series between power supply line PL 2 and grounding line SL.
  • Diode D 1 is connected between a collector and an emitter of npn-type transistor Q 1 and diode D 2 is connected between a collector and an emitter of npn-type transistor Q 2 such that a current flows from each emitter toward each collector.
  • Reactor L has a first end connected to a node between npn-type transistors Q 1 and Q 2 and a second end connected to power supply line PL 1 .
  • an IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
  • an npn-type transistor may be used as the npn-type transistor described above and an npn-type transistor to be described below in this specification.
  • a power switching element such as a power MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor) may be used instead of the npn-type transistor.
  • Capacitor C 2 is connected between power supply line PL 2 and grounding line SL.
  • Inverter 20 includes a U-phase arm 22 , a V-phase arm 24 and a W-phase arm 26 .
  • U-phase arm 22 , V-phase arm 24 and W-phase arm 26 are connected in parallel between power supply line PL 2 and grounding line SL.
  • U-phase arm 22 includes npn-type transistors Q 11 and Q 12 connected in series
  • V-phase arm 24 includes npn-type transistors Q 13 and Q 14 connected in series
  • W-phase arm 26 includes npn-type transistors Q 15 and Q 16 connected in series.
  • a diode D 11 is connected between a collector and an emitter of npn-type transistor Q 11
  • a diode D 12 is connected between a collector and an emitter of npn-type transistor Q 12
  • a diode D 13 is connected between a collector and an emitter of npn-type transistor Q 13
  • a diode D 14 is connected between a collector and an emitter of npn-type transistor Q 14
  • a diode D 15 is connected between a collector and an emitter of npn-type transistor Q 15
  • a diode D 16 is connected between a collector and an emitter of npn-type transistor Q 16 such that a current flows from each emitter toward each collector.
  • Motor generator MG 1 includes a three-phase coil 12 as a stator coil.
  • Three-phase coil 12 consists of a U-phase coil U 1 , a V-phase coil V 1 and a W-phase coil W 1 .
  • U-phase coil U 1 , V-phase coil V 1 and W-phase coil W 1 have first ends connected to one another to form a neutral point N 1 , and second ends connected to a node between upper and lower arms of U-phase arm 22 , a node between upper and lower arms of V-phase arm 24 and a node between upper and lower arms of W-phase arm 26 in inverter 20 , respectively.
  • Inverter 30 includes a U-phase arm 32 , a V-phase arm 34 and a W-phase arm 36 .
  • Motor generator MG 2 includes a three-phase coil 14 as a stator coil. Inverter 30 and motor generator MG 2 are similar in configurations to inverter 20 and motor generator MG 1 , respectively.
  • Relay circuit 40 includes relays RY 1 and RY 2 .
  • Power output lines DCL 1 has a first end connected to a first end of relay RY 1 , and a second end connected to neutral point N 1 .
  • power output line DCL 2 has a first end connected to a first end of relay RY 2 , and a second end connected to a neutral point N 2 .
  • vehicle-mounted load 50 is connected to second ends of relays RY 1 and RY 2 .
  • Power storage device B is a chargeable/dischargeable DC power supply, and configured with a secondary battery such as a nickel-metal hydride battery, a lithium ion battery or the like for example. Power storage device B outputs DC power to boost converter 10 . Moreover, power storage device B is charged by boost converter 10 .
  • power storage device B may be a capacitor having a large capacity.
  • Voltage sensor 70 detects a voltage VB at power storage device B, and outputs detected voltage VB to control device 60 .
  • Capacitor C 1 smoothes a voltage fluctuation between power supply line PL 1 and grounding line SL.
  • boost converter 10 boosts a DC voltage received from power storage device B, with the use of reactor L, and supplies a resultant voltage to power supply line PL 2 . More specifically, on the basis of signal PWC from control device 60 , boost converter 10 stores, as magnetic field energy, a current flowing in accordance with a switching operation of npn-type transistor Q 2 , in reactor L, thereby boosting a DC voltage received from power storage device B. Then, boost converter 10 outputs a resultant voltage to power supply line PL 2 through diode D 1 in synchronization with a timing that npn-type transistor Q 2 is turned off. On the basis of signal PWC from control device 60 , moreover, boost converter 10 reduces a DC voltage supplied from power supply line PL 2 to charge power storage device B.
  • Capacitor C 2 smoothes a voltage fluctuation between power supply line PL 2 and grounding line SL.
  • Voltage sensor 72 detects a voltage across terminals of capacitor C 2 , that is, a voltage VH at power supply line PL 2 with respect to grounding line SL, and outputs detected voltage VH to control device 60 .
  • inverter 20 converts a DC voltage received from power supply line PL 2 , to a three-phase AC voltage, and outputs the converted three-phase AC voltage to motor generator MG 1 . Moreover, inverter 20 converts a three-phase AC voltage, which is generated by motor generator MG 1 by reception of output power from engine 4 , to a DC voltage on the basis of signal PWM 1 from control device 60 , and outputs the converted DC voltage to power supply line PL 2 .
  • inverter 30 converts a DC voltage received from power supply line PL 2 , to a three-phase AC voltage, and outputs the converted three-phase AC voltage to motor generator MG 2 .
  • inverter 30 converts a three-phase AC voltage, which is generated by motor generator MG 2 by reception of a rotating force from wheel 2 , to a DC voltage on the basis of signal PWM 2 from control device 60 , and outputs the converted DC voltage to power supply line PL 2 .
  • inverter 20 and 30 generate a voltage across neutral points N 1 and N 2 on the basis of signal PWM 1 and PWM 2 from control device 60 , respectively.
  • inverter 20 sets a potential of neutral point N 1 at a potential which is higher than a potential of neutral point N 2 set by inverter 30 , by the request voltage for vehicle-mounted load 50 .
  • Each of motor generators MG 1 and MG 2 is a three-phase AC motor, for example, an IPM (Interior Permanent Magnet) type three-phase AC synchronous motor.
  • Motor generator MG 1 is linked to engine 4 , generates a three-phase AC voltage from output power from engine 4 , and outputs the generated three-phase AC voltage to inverter 20 .
  • motor generator MG 1 receives the three-phase AC voltage from inverter 20 to generate a driving force, and starts up engine 4 .
  • Motor generator MG 2 is linked to wheel 2 , and generates torque for driving the vehicle from a three-phase AC voltage received from inverter 30 .
  • motor generator MG 2 At the time of regenerative braking of the vehicle, further, motor generator MG 2 generates a braking force for the vehicle and, also, generates a three-phase AC voltage. Then, motor generator MG 2 outputs the three-phase AC voltage to inverter 30 .
  • relay RY 1 connects/disconnects between power output line DCL 1 and vehicle-mounted load 50 while relay RY 2 connects/disconnects between power output line DCL 2 and vehicle-mounted load 50 .
  • Relay circuit 40 receives an output permission command EN from control device 60 to turn on relay RY 1 or RY 2 .
  • vehicle-mounted load 50 is electrically connected to power output line DCL 1 or DCL 2 .
  • Vehicle-mounted load 50 is a DC load, and receives DC power from power output lines DCL 1 and DCL 2 connected to neutral points N 1 and N 2 , respectively.
  • Examples of vehicle-mounted load 50 include an engine heater for a cold region, a catalyst heater for warming a catalyst used for purifying exhaust gas, a heater for warming an interior of the vehicle, and the like.
  • control device 60 On the basis of torque command values TR 1 and TR 2 as well as motor rotation speeds MRN 1 and MRN 2 of motor generators MG 1 and MG 2 , each outputted from an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) (not shown), voltage VB outputted from voltage sensor 70 , and voltage VH outputted from voltage sensor 72 , control device 60 generates a signal PWC used for driving boost converter 10 , and outputs generated signal PWC to boost converter 10 .
  • ECU Electronic Control Unit
  • control device 60 On the basis of voltage VH, torque command value TR 1 of motor generator MG 1 , and motor current MCRT 1 from current sensor 80 , moreover, control device 60 generates a signal PWM 1 for driving motor generator MG 1 , and outputs generated signal PWM 1 to inverter 20 .
  • control device 60 On the basis of voltage VH, torque command value TR 2 of motor generator MG 2 , and motor current MCRT 2 from current sensor 82 , further, control device 60 generates a signal PWM 2 for driving motor generator MG 2 , and outputs generated signal PWM 2 to inverter 30 .
  • control device 60 receives, from the ECU, a request command REQ for issuing a request to supply electric power to vehicle-mounted load 50 to calculate a request voltage for vehicle-mounted load 50 .
  • vehicle-mounted load 50 is, for example, an engine heater for a cold region
  • control device 60 calculates the request voltage on the basis of a temperature of engine cooling water.
  • vehicle-mounted load 50 is, for example, a catalyst heater
  • control device 60 calculates the request voltage on the basis of a temperature of a catalyst.
  • control device 60 calculates the request voltage on the basis of a set temperature in the interior.
  • control device 60 generates a voltage command value for generating the calculated request voltage across neutral points N 1 and N 2 , and generates signals PWM 1 and PWM 2 for inverters 20 and 30 with the use of the voltage command value. Moreover, control device 60 receives request command REQ to output, to relay circuit 40 , output permission command EN.
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a zero-phase equivalent circuit including inverter 20 , inverter 30 , motor generator MG 1 and motor generator MG 2 shown in FIG. 1 .
  • an interphase voltage becomes zero, and such a voltage state is referred to as a zero voltage vector.
  • the zero voltage vector it can be regarded that the three transistors of the upper arms are in the same switching state (that is, all transistors are switched on or off).
  • the three transistors of the lower arms are also in the same switching state.
  • npn-type transistors Q 11 , Q 13 and Q 15 of inverter 20 are collectively shown as an upper arm 20 A
  • npn-type transistors Q 12 , Q 14 and Q 16 of inverter 20 are collectively shown as a lower arm 20 B
  • npn-type transistors Q 21 , Q 23 and Q 25 of inverter 30 are collectively shown as an upper arm 30 A
  • npn-type transistors Q 22 , Q 24 and Q 26 of inverter 30 are collectively shown as a lower arm 30 B.
  • inverters 20 and 30 use of this zero voltage vector allows control of a potential at a relevant neutral point without changing a d-axial current and a q-axial current of a relevant motor generator, that is, without exerting an adverse influence on torque control of the motor generator.
  • FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of control device 60 shown in FIG. 1 .
  • control device 60 includes a converter control portion 61 , a first inverter control portion 62 , a second inverter control portion 63 and a voltage command generation portion 64 .
  • converter control portion 61 On the basis of voltage VB outputted from voltage sensor 70 , voltage VH outputted from voltage sensor 72 , torque command values TR 1 and TR 2 , and motor rotation speeds MRN 1 and MRN 2 , converter control portion 61 generates a signal PWC for turning on/off npn-type transistors Q 1 and Q 2 of boost converter 10 , and outputs generated signal PWC to boost converter 10 .
  • first inverter control portion 62 On the basis of torque command value TR 1 , motor current MCRT 1 and motor rotation speed MRN 1 of motor generator MG 1 , and voltage VH, first inverter control portion 62 generates a signal PWM 1 for turning on/off npn-type transistors Q 11 to Q 16 of inverter 20 , and outputs generated signal PWM 1 to inverter 20 .
  • second inverter control portion 63 On the basis of torque command value TR 2 , motor current MCRT 2 and motor rotation speed MRN 2 of motor generator MG 2 , and voltage VH, second inverter control portion 63 generates a signal PWM 2 for turning on/off npn-type transistors Q 21 to Q 26 of inverter 30 , and outputs generated signal PWM 2 to inverter 30 .
  • each of first inverter control portion 62 and second inverter control portion 63 receives a voltage command value from voltage command generation portion 64 in order to generate, across neutral points N 1 and N 2 , a request voltage for vehicle-mounted load 50 .
  • first inverter control portion 62 generates signal PWM 1 while controlling the zero voltage vector of inverter 20
  • second inverter control portion 63 generates signal PWM 2 while controlling the zero voltage vector of inverter 30 .
  • Voltage command generation portion 64 receives request command REQ for issuing a request to supply electric power to vehicle-mounted load 50 to calculate the request voltage for vehicle-mounted load 50 . Then, voltage command generation portion 64 generates a voltage command value for generating, across neutral points N 1 and N 2 , the calculated request voltage, and outputs the generated voltage command value to each of first inverter control portion 62 and second inverter control portion 63 . Moreover, voltage command generation portion 64 receives request command REQ to output, to relay circuit 40 , output permission command EN.
  • FIG. 4 is a detailed functional block diagram of first inverter control portion 62 , second inverter control portion 63 and voltage command generation portion 64 each shown in FIG. 3 .
  • first inverter control portion 62 includes a current conversion portion 102 , an MG 1 current command computation portion 104 , PI control portions 106 and 108 , a conversion portion 110 , and a PWM signal generation portion 114 .
  • PI control portion 106 receives a deviation between d-axial current Id 1 from current conversion portion 102 and current command Id 1 r from MG 1 current command computation portion 104 , performs a proportional integral computation with the deviation being used as an input, and outputs a result of the computation to conversion portion 110 .
  • PI control portion 108 receives a deviation between q-axial current Iq 1 from current conversion portion 102 and current command Iq 1 r from MG 1 current command computation portion 104 , performs a proportional integral computation with the deviation being used as an input, and outputs a result of the computation to conversion portion 110 .
  • Conversion portion 110 receives voltage commands on the d- and q-axes from PI control portions 106 and 108 , and converts these voltage commands to U-, V- and W-phase voltage commands of motor generator MG 1 with the use of motor rotation speed MRN 1 .
  • PWM signal generation portion 114 On the basis of voltage commands obtained from superimposition of the voltage command values from voltage command generation portion 64 on the U-, V- and W-phase voltage commands from conversion portion 110 , and voltage VH outputted from voltage sensor 72 , PWM signal generation portion 114 generates PWM signals Pu 1 , Pv 1 and Pw 1 corresponding to inverter 20 , and outputs, as a signal PWM 1 , generated PWM signals Pu 1 , Pv 1 and Pw 1 to inverter 20 .
  • the uniform superimposition of the voltage command values from voltage command generation portion 64 on the U-, V- and W-phase voltage commands of motor generator MG 1 from conversion portion 110 corresponds to the change of the zero voltage vector of inverter 20 based on the voltage command value from voltage command generation portion 64 .
  • Second inverter control portion 63 includes a current conversion portion 122 , an MG 2 current command computation portion 124 , PI control portions 126 and 128 , a conversion portion 130 , and a PWM signal generation portion 134 .
  • current conversion portion 122 converts a U-phase current Iu 2 and a V-phase current Iv 2 , each detected by current sensor 82 , to a d-axial current Id 2 and a q-axial current Iq 2 .
  • MG 2 current command computation portion 124 calculates current commands Id 2 r and Iq 2 r of motor generator MG 2 on the d- and q-axes.
  • PI control portion 126 receives a deviation between d-axial current Id 2 from current conversion portion 122 and current command Id 2 r from MG 2 current command computation portion 124 , performs a proportional integral computation with the deviation being used as an input, and outputs a result of the computation to conversion portion 130 .
  • PI control portion 128 receives a deviation between q-axial current Iq 2 from current conversion portion 122 and current command Iq 2 r from MG 2 current command computation portion 124 , performs a proportional integral computation with the deviation being used as an input, and outputs a result of the computation to conversion portion 130 .
  • Conversion portion 130 receives voltage commands on the d- and q-axes from PI control portions 126 and 128 , and converts these voltage commands to U-, V- and W-phase voltage commands of motor generator MG 2 with the use of motor rotation speed MRN 2 .
  • PWM signal generation portion 134 On the basis of voltage commands obtained from superimposition of the voltage command values from voltage command generation portion 64 on the U-, V- and W-phase voltage commands of motor generator MG 2 from conversion portion 130 , and voltage VH, PWM signal generation portion 134 generates PWM signals Pu 2 , Pv 2 and Pw 2 corresponding to inverter 30 , and outputs, as a signal PWM 2 , generated PWM signals Pu 2 , Pv 2 and Pw 2 to inverter 30 .
  • the uniform superimposition of the voltage command values from voltage command generation portion 64 on the U-, V- and W-phase voltage commands of motor generator MG 2 from conversion portion 130 corresponds to the change of the zero voltage vector of inverter 30 based on the voltage command value from voltage command generation portion 64 .
  • voltage command value VR outputted from command computation portion 142 is multiplied by k, and then is outputted to first inverter control portion 62 .
  • voltage command value VR is multiplied by—(l-k), and then is outputted to second inverter control portion 63 .
  • “k” is a voltage burden ratio of each of inverters 20 and 30 at the time when a voltage corresponding to voltage command value VR is generated across neutral points N 1 and N 2 . If “k” is larger than 0.5, the voltage burden of inverter 20 can be made larger than that of inverter 30 . If “k” is smaller than 0.5, the voltage burden of inverter 30 can be made larger than that of inverter 20 .
  • voltage command generation portion 64 Upon reception of no request command REQ, voltage command generation portion 64 sets voltage command value VR at zero. Accordingly, the voltage command value outputted from voltage command generation portion 64 to each of first inverter control portion 62 and second inverter control portion 63 becomes zero.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a control structure of processing executed by voltage command generation portion 64 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 .
  • the processing in this flowchart is executed while being called from a main routine of control device 60 every certain time interval or each time a predetermined condition is established.
  • voltage command generation portion 64 determines whether a request to supply electric power from neutral points N 1 and N 2 to vehicle-mounted load 50 is issued, on the basis of request command REQ (step S 10 ). If no request to supply electric power to vehicle-mounted load 50 is issued (NO in step S 11 ), voltage command generation portion 64 completes a sequence of the processing. Then, the processing is returned to the main routine.
  • step S 10 voltage command generation portion 40 calculates a request voltage for vehicle-mounted load 50 (step S 20 ). Specifically, for example, if vehicle-mounted load 50 is an engine heater for a cold region, voltage command generation portion 64 calculates the request voltage on the basis of a temperature of engine cooling water. On the other hand, if vehicle-mounted load 50 is a catalyst heater, voltage command generation portion 64 calculates the request command on the basis of a temperature of a catalyst. Moreover, if vehicle-mounted load 50 is a heater for warming an interior of a vehicle, voltage command generation portion 64 calculates the request voltage on the basis of a set temperature of the interior.
  • voltage command generation portion 64 After calculation of the request voltage for vehicle-mounted load 50 in step S 20 , voltage command generation portion 64 generates a voltage command value for generating the request voltage across the first neutral point and the second neutral point, and then outputs the generated voltage command value to each of first inverter control portion 62 and second inverter control portion 63 (step S 30 ). Next, voltage command generation portion 64 outputs an output permission command EN to relay circuit 40 (step S 40 ). Thus, the sequence of the processing is completed.
  • vehicle-mounted load 50 is connected between neutral point N 1 of motor generator MG 1 and neutral point N 2 of motor generator MG 2 , and the voltage across neutral points N 1 and N 2 is controlled in accordance with the request voltage for vehicle-mounted load 50 . Therefore, the request voltage can be supplied to vehicle-mounted load 50 without use of a DC/DC converter.
  • FIG. 6 is a general block diagram of a hybrid vehicle 100 A shown as one example of an electric powered vehicle according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • hybrid vehicle 100 A is different in configuration from hybrid vehicle 100 according to Embodiment 1 shown in FIG. 1 .
  • hybrid vehicle 100 A includes a switch circuit 92 , auxiliary batteries B 1 and B 2 , load groups 94 and 96 , power supply lines PL 3 and PL 4 , and grounding lines SL 3 and SL 4 , in place of relay circuit 40 and vehicle-mounted load 50 .
  • Hybrid vehicle 100 A also includes a control device 60 A in place of control device 60 .
  • Switch circuit 50 has a pair of input terminals connected to power output lines DCL 1 and DCL 2 , respectively, a first pair of output terminals connected to power supply line PL 3 and grounding line SL 3 , respectively, and a second pair of output terminals connected to power supply line PL 4 and grounding line SL 4 , respectively.
  • Auxiliary battery B 1 has a positive electrode connected to power supply line PL 3 , and a negative electrode connected to grounding line SL 3 .
  • auxiliary battery B 2 has a positive electrode connected to power supply line PL 4 , and a negative electrode connected to grounding line SL 4 .
  • Power supply line PL 3 and grounding line SL 3 are connected to load group 94 .
  • power supply line PL 4 and grounding line SL 4 are connected to load group 96 .
  • Switch circuit 50 receives a switch signal CH at H level from control device 60 A to electrically connect power supply line PL 3 and grounding line SL 3 , which are connected to the first pair of output terminals, to power output line DCL 1 and power output line DCL 2 , respectively.
  • switch circuit 50 receives a switch signal CH at L level from control device 60 A to electrically connect power supply line PL 4 and grounding line SL 4 , which are connected to the second pair of output terminals, to power output line DCL 1 and power output line DCL 2 , respectively.
  • auxiliary batteries B 1 and B 2 are chargeable/dischargeable DC power supply such as a lead-acid battery.
  • switch circuit 92 electrically connects power supply line PL 3 and grounding line SL 3 to power output line DCL 1 and power output line DCL 2 , respectively
  • auxiliary battery B 1 is charged at a first voltage level (e.g., 36 V) by a DC voltage outputted from neutral points N 1 and N 2 .
  • auxiliary battery B 1 supplies the DC voltage at the first voltage level to load group 94 through power supply line PL 3 and grounding line SL 3 .
  • auxiliary battery B 2 When switch circuit 92 electrically connects power supply line PL 4 and grounding line SL 4 to power output line DCL 1 and power output line DCL 2 , respectively, auxiliary battery B 2 is charged at a second voltage level (e.g., 12 V) by a DC voltage outputted from neutral points N 1 and N 2 . Then, auxiliary battery B 2 supplies the DC voltage at the second voltage level to load group 96 through power supply line PL 4 and grounding line SL 4 .
  • a second voltage level e.g. 12 V
  • each of the first voltage level of auxiliary battery B 1 and the second voltage level of auxiliary battery B 2 is not more than the voltage level of power storage device B. Moreover, a capacity of each of auxiliary batteries B 1 and B 2 is not more than the capacity of power storage device B.
  • Examples of auxiliary batteries B 1 and B 2 may include a secondary battery made of nickel-metal hydride, lithium ion or the like, and a capacitor.
  • Control device 60 A receives, from an ECU (not shown), a value SOC 1 indicating a state-of-charge (SOC) of auxiliary battery B 1 and a value SOC 2 indicating a SOC of auxiliary battery B 2 . Then, control device 60 A generates a switch signal CH on the basis of the received values SOC 1 and SOC 2 , and outputs generated switch signal CH to switch circuit 92 .
  • SOC 1 state-of-charge
  • control device 60 A generates a voltage command for generating, across neutral points N 1 and N 2 , a voltage corresponding to the power supply line and the grounding line electrically connected to power output lines DCL 1 and DCL 2 , and generates signals PWM 1 and PWM 2 for inverters 20 and 30 with the use of the generated voltage command.
  • FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram of control device 60 A shown in FIG. 6 .
  • control device 60 A is different in configuration from control device 60 in Embodiment 1 shown in FIG. 3 . That is, control device 60 A includes a voltage command generation portion 64 A in place of voltage command generation portion 64 .
  • Voltage command generation portion 64 A receives, from the ECU, value SOC 1 indicating the SOC of auxiliary battery B 1 and value SOC 2 indicating the SOC of auxiliary battery B 2 .
  • value SOC 1 is smaller than value SOC 2
  • voltage command generation portion 64 A generates a switch signal CH at H level, and then outputs switch signal CH to switch circuit 92 .
  • voltage command generation portion 64 A generates a voltage command value for generating, across neutral points N 1 and N 2 , a voltage (at the first voltage level) corresponding to load group 94 , and then outputs the voltage command value to first inverter control portion 62 and second inverter control portion 63 .
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a control structure of processing executed by voltage command generation portion 64 A shown in FIG. 7 .
  • the processing in this flowchart is executed while being called from a main routine of control device 60 A every certain time interval or each time a predetermined condition is established.
  • step S 110 voltage command generation portion 64 A outputs switch signal CH at H level to switch circuit 92 , and electrically connects power supply line PL 3 and grounding line SL 3 to power output line DCL 1 and power output line DCL 2 , respectively (step S 120 ).
  • step S 110 voltage command generation portion 64 A outputs switch signal CH at L level to switch circuit 92 , and then electrically connects power supply line PL 4 and grounding line SL 4 to power output line DCL 1 and power output line DCL 2 , respectively (step S 140 ).
  • voltage command generation portion 64 A generates a voltage command value in accordance with an operating voltage level of load group 96 , and then outputs the generated voltage command value to first inverter control portion 62 and second inverter control portion 63 (step S 150 ).
  • a voltage at the operating voltage level of load group 96 is generated across neutral points N 1 and N 2 , so that electric power is supplied from neutral points N 1 and N 2 to load group 96 through switch circuit 92 and auxiliary battery B 2 is charged.
  • the load group which is not electrically connected to power output lines DCL 1 and DCL 2 receives electric power from the relevant auxiliary battery. If the SOC of the auxiliary battery is lowered, switch circuit 92 switches a connection state, so that the auxiliary battery having the lowered SOC is charged.
  • the voltage across neutral points N 1 and N 2 is controlled at the operating voltage level of load group 94 or 96 , and electric power is supplied from neutral points N 1 and N 2 to load group 94 or 96 through switch circuit 92 . Therefore, no DC/DC converter is required for generating a voltage to be supplied to load group 94 or 96 .
  • Each of the foregoing embodiments describes the case where there are two load groups different in operating voltage level from each other. Even in a case where there are not less than three load groups different in operating voltage level from one another, likewise, a desired voltage can be generated and supplied to each load group without use of a DC/DC converter.
  • each of the foregoing embodiments describes the case where one example of the electric powered vehicle is the hybrid vehicle that has engine 4 and motor generator MG 2 each serving as a motive power source.
  • an electric vehicle or a fuel cell vehicle equipped with at least two motor generators falls within a range to which the present invention is applicable.
  • the present invention is typically applicable to an electric powered vehicle equipped with at least two motor generators. If the electric powered vehicle according to the present invention is an electric vehicle or a fuel cell vehicle, motor generators MG 1 and MG 2 are linked to driving wheels of the electric vehicle or the fuel cell vehicle, for example.
  • motor generator MG 1 and motor generator MG 2 correspond to “a first polyphase AC motor” and “a second polyphase AC motor” according to the present invention, respectively, and three-phase coil 12 and three-phase coil 14 correspond to “a first polyphase winding” and “a second polyphase winding” according to the present invention, respectively.
  • power storage device B corresponds to “a first power storage device” according to the present invention, and inverters 20 and 30 , motor generators MG 1 and MG 2 , and control device 60 ( 60 A) form “voltage control portion” according to the present invention.
  • each of auxiliary batteries B 1 and B 2 corresponds to “a second power storage device” according to the present invention
  • switch circuit 92 corresponds to “a switch device” according to the present invention
  • wheel 2 corresponds to “a driving wheel” according to the present invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
US11/992,166 2005-09-21 2006-08-31 Electric power control device, electric powered vehicle including the same, and method for controlling electric power of electric vehicle Expired - Fee Related US7755306B2 (en)

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PCT/JP2006/317709 WO2007034682A1 (ja) 2005-09-21 2006-08-31 電力制御装置、それを備えた電動車両および電動車両の電力制御方法

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