US6030967A - Naphtholactams and lactones as bone morphogenetic protein active agents - Google Patents

Naphtholactams and lactones as bone morphogenetic protein active agents Download PDF

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US6030967A
US6030967A US08/945,631 US94563197A US6030967A US 6030967 A US6030967 A US 6030967A US 94563197 A US94563197 A US 94563197A US 6030967 A US6030967 A US 6030967A
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alkyl
carbamoyl
group
optionally
mono
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Shogo Marui
Masatoshi Hazama
Kohei Notoya
Masaki Ogino
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Takeda Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
    • A61K31/403—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. carbazole
    • A61K31/4035—Isoindoles, e.g. phthalimide
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
    • A61K31/4738—Quinolines; Isoquinolines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
    • A61K31/4741—Quinolines; Isoquinolines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems condensed with ring systems having oxygen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. tubocuraran derivatives, noscapine, bicuculline
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
    • A61K31/4738—Quinolines; Isoquinolines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
    • A61K31/4745—Quinolines; Isoquinolines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems condensed with ring systems having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. phenantrolines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
    • C07D209/58—[b]- or [c]-condensed
    • C07D209/62—Naphtho [c] pyrroles; Hydrogenated naphtho [c] pyrroles
    • C07D209/64—Naphtho [c] pyrroles; Hydrogenated naphtho [c] pyrroles with an oxygen atom in position 1
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
    • C07D209/58—[b]- or [c]-condensed
    • C07D209/62—Naphtho [c] pyrroles; Hydrogenated naphtho [c] pyrroles
    • C07D209/66—Naphtho [c] pyrroles; Hydrogenated naphtho [c] pyrroles with oxygen atoms in positions 1 and 3
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D317/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D317/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3
    • C07D317/44—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D317/70—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems condensed with ring systems containing two or more relevant rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D405/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
    • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
    • C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D491/04—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

  • This invention relates to fused cyclic compounds having very satisfactory bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) like and/or neurotrophic factor [for example, nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)]-like activity or enhancing activity of BMP and/or neurotrophic factor activity, to a technology for producing the compound, and to relevant pharmaceutical compositions.
  • BMP bone morphogenetic protein
  • neurotrophic factor for example, nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)
  • NGF nerve growth factor
  • BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor
  • NT-3 neurotrophin-3
  • GDNF glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor
  • Bone morphogenetic proteins are the family of proteins isolated from demineralized bone and known to be able to induce ectopic bone formation. As such, BMP is of value as a bone formation promoting agent for bone fracture healing and bone remodeling [A. E. Wang, Trends Biotechnol., 11, 379-383, 1993].
  • BMP is supposed to be playing the role of a coupling factor in bone remodeling and is, therefore, considered to be closely associated with bone metabolism. It has also been reported that the BMP content of bone matrix in aged animals has been considerably depressed [M. L. Urist, Bone and Mineral Research, 6 (ed by W. A. Peck), 57-112, Elsevier, 1989], indicating that BMP is closely related to the maintenance of bone mass. This finding suggests that BMP may be a promising drug for the treatment of various diseases of bone, such as osteoporosis.
  • BMP usually exists only in trace amounts in the organisms, and sources of its supply were limited. Moreover, as it is a protein, the routes of administration are restricted, and therefore the spectrum of diseases which can be treated is quite limited.
  • BMP has neurotrophic factor-like activity [V. M. Paralkar et al., J. Cell Biol., 119, 1721-1728, 1992]. Also known is an intense expression of the BMP gene in the brain tissue [E. Ozkaynak et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 179, 116-123, 1991]. It has also been suggested that BMP is playing an important role in the formation of the neural tube during embryonic development [K. Basler et al., Cell, 73, 687-702, 1993]. It is, therefore, believed that BMP is closely involved in the differentiation or functional maintenance of nerve cells.
  • Neurotrophic factor is a family of proteins playing important roles in the maintenance of neuron and functional expression of neurons and includes nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and glial cell line-derived neurotrophin factor (GDNF), among others.
  • NGF nerve growth factor
  • BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor
  • NT-3 neurotrophin-3
  • GDNF glial cell line-derived neurotrophin factor
  • BDNF acts on the cholinergic neurons and GABA ( ⁇ -aminobutyric acid)-nergic neurons of septa and the dopaminergic neurons of midbrain [R. F. Alderson et al., Neuron, 5, 297-306, 1990; C. Hyman et al., Nature, 350, 230-232, 1991; B. Knusel et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
  • NT-3 on the peripheral nervous system
  • NT-3 characteristically acts strongly on neural placodes-derived sensory neurons [P. Ernfors et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 87, 5454-5458, 1990; A. Rosenthal et al., Neuron, 4, 767-773, 1990].
  • NT-3 there is not known a nerve cell responsive to NT-3.
  • GDNF promotes the survival and morphelogical differentiation of dopaminergic neurons and increases their high affinity dopamine uptake [L-F. H. Lin et al., Science, 260, 1130-1132 (1993)].
  • Alzheimer type dementia the degeneration and exfoliation of cholinergic neurons of the forebrain basal ganglia inclusive of septa and an extensive lesion and exfoliation of cerebrocortical neurons have been observed.
  • the NGF and neurotrophic factors discovered more recently are considered among candidate therapeutic drugs for this disease [F. Hefti & W. J. Weiner, Annu. Neurol., 20, 275-281, 1986].
  • Parkinson's disease which is a syndrome involving the degeneration and exfoliation of dopaminergic neurons of midbrain, BDNF and GDNF as neurotrophic factors for the associated neurons have been considered to be a promising therapeutic drugs.
  • those neurotrophic factors are proteins,. their applicability is limited.
  • any compound capable of enhancing NTF activity should be able to enhance the activities of NTF in vivo, whether endogenous or exogenous, and be of value as a therapeutic drug for dementia and peripheral nervous disorders.
  • sabeluzole 4-(2-benzothiazolylmethylamino)- ⁇ -(p-fluorophenoxy)methyl]-1-(piperidine)ethanol
  • SR57746A Neuroscience, 55, 629, 1993
  • T-588 JP Kokai H4-95070
  • MS430 J. UOEN, 17, 131, 1995
  • SR57746A and T-588 are currently under clinical investigation in Alzheimer's disease but their efficacy in humans has not been established.
  • MS430 its activity is suspected to be insufficient.
  • compounds up-regulating endogenous NGF, steroids, catechols, and cytokines have been reported [Experimental Neurology, 124, 36-42, 1993].
  • cell differentiation inducing factors represented by BMP and neurotrophic factors are proteins, their administration to the living body is limited.
  • compounds which enhance the cell differentiation inducing factors, whether endogenous or exogenous, are preferably of low molecular weight.
  • a compound itself has cell differentiation inducing activity which is typically possessed by BMP and neurotrophic factors, it is considered that, if its molecular weight is low, the compound can be used with greater advantage than BMP and neurotrophic factors for application to the living body as a drug for promoting bone formation and bone remodeling or a therapeutic drug for dementia and peripheral nerve diseases.
  • Y is an optionally substituted methylene group, S(O)q wherein q is an integer of 0 to 2, or an optionally substituted imino group;
  • Z 1 is a C 1-3 alkylene group which may have an oxo group or a thioxo group;
  • Z 2 is an optionally substituted C 1-3 alkylene group
  • Ar is an optionally substituted carbocyclic group or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group
  • R 1 and R 2 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an optionally substituted lower alkyl group, or an optionally substituted lower alkoxy group;
  • the other is a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an optionally substituted lower alkyl group, or an optionally substituted lower alkoxy group; or
  • ring A is a benzene ring which may have a substituent in addition to R 1 and R 2 ; or a salt thereof.
  • the inventors further found that the above compound [I] and its salt have unexpectedly high BMP-like activity, neurotrophic factor-like activity or the corresponding enhancing activity and are well qualified as medicines.
  • the present invention has been developed on the basis of the above finding.
  • the present invention is directed to:
  • Y is an optionally substituted methylene group, S(O)q wherein q is an integer of 0 to 2, or an optionally substituted imino group;
  • Z 1 is a C 1-3 alkylene group which may have an oxo group or a thioxo group and may contain etherified oxygen or sulfur within the carbon chain;
  • Z 2 is an optionally substituted C 1-3 alkylene group
  • Ar is an optionally substituted carbocyclic group or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group
  • R 1 and R 2 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an optionally substituted lower alkyl group, or an optionally substituted lower alkoxy group;
  • the other is a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an optionally substituted lower alkyl group, or an optionally substituted lower alkoxy group; or
  • ring A is a benzene ring which may be substituted in addition to R 1 and R 2 ; or a salt thereof,
  • Q is (A) CR 4 wherein R 4 is (1) a hydrogen atom, (2) a halogen atom, (3) a C 1-16 acyclic or cyclic hydrocarbon group which may have 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of (i) a halogen, (ii) a C 1-3 alkylenedioxy, (iii) a nitro, (iv) a cyano, (v) a C 1-6 alkyl optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (vi) a C 3-6 cycloalkyl, (vii) a C 1-6 alkoxy which may be substituted with amino, mono- or di-C 1-6 alkylamino or C 1-6 alkoxycarbonyl, and optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (viii) a C 1-6 alkylthio optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (ix) a hydroxyl, (x) an amino, (xi) a mono-C
  • Y is (1) a group of the formula: ##STR12## wherein R 9 and R 9' may be the same or different and each is (i) a hydrogen, (ii) a C 1-6 alkyl which may be substituted with amino, mono- or di-C 1-6 alkylamino or C 1-6 alkoxycarbonyl, and optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (iii) a C 1-6 alkoxy optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (iv) a C 1-6 alkylthio optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (v) a hydroxyl, (vi) a cyano, (vii) a C 1-6 alkyl-carbonyl, (viii) a C 1-6 alkyl-carbonyloxy, (ix) a formylamino, (x) an amino, (xi) a mono-C 1-6 alkylamino, (xii) a di-C 1-6 alkylamino
  • R 10 is (i) ##STR13## in which R 9 and R 9' are as defined above, (ii) ⁇ NR 9 in which R 9 is as defined above, (iii) O or (iv) S;
  • R 5 is (i) a hydrogen, (ii) a C 1-16 acyclic or cyclic hydrocarbon group which may have 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of (a) a halogen, (b) a C 1-3 alkylenedioxy, (c) a nitro, (d) a cyano, (e) a C 1-6 alkyl optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (f) a C 3-6 cycloalkyl, (g) a C 1-6 alkoxy which may be substituted with amino, mono- or di-C 1-6 alkylamino or C 1-6 alkoxycarbonyl, and optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (h) a C 1-6 alkylthio optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (i) a hydroxyl, (j) an amino, (k) a mono-C 1-6 alkylamino, (l) a di-
  • Z 1 is a C 1-3 alkylene group which may have an oxo or thioxo group
  • Z 2 is a C 1-3 alkylene group which may contain oxygen or sulfur within the carbon chain as an ether or thioether and may have a substituent selected from the group consisting of (a) a halogen, (b) a C 1-3 alkylenedioxy, (c) a nitro, (d) a cyano, (e) a C 1-6 alkyl optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (f) a C 3-6 cycloalkyl, (g) a C 1-6 alkoxy which may be substituted with amino, mono- or di-C 1-6 alkylamino or C 1-6 alkoxycarbonyl, and optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (h) a C 1-6 alkylthio optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (i) a hydroxyl, (j) an amino, (k) a mono-C 1-6 alkylamino, (l) a di-C 1-6 alkylamino
  • Ar is (1) a 3- to 14- membered monocyclic or fused polycyclic nonaromatic hydrocarbon group which may have 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of (i) a halogen, (ii) a C 1-3 alkylenedioxy, (iii) a nitro, (iv) a cyano, (v) a C 1-6 alkyl optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (vi) a C 2-6 alkenyl optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (vii) a C 2-6 alkynyl optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (viii) a C 3-6 cycloalkyl, (ix) a C 1-6 alkoxy which may be substituted with amino, mono- or di-C 1-6 alkylamino or C 1-6 alkoxycarbonyl, and optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (x) a C 1-6 alkylthio optionally having 1
  • a 6- to 14-membered monocyclic or fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of (i) a halogen, (ii) a C 1-3 alkylenedioxy, (iii) a nitro, (iv) a cyano, (v) a C 1-6 alkyl optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (vi) a C 2-6 alkenyl optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (vii) a C 2-6 alkynyl optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (viii) a C 3-6 cycloalkyl, (ix) a C 1-6 alkoxy which may be substituted with amino, mono- or di-C 1-6 alkylamino or C 1-6 alkoxycarbonyl, and optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (x) a C 1-6 alkylthio optionally having 1 to 3 halogen
  • R 1 and R 2 taken together, to form the ring with adjacent --C ⁇ C-- are (l) a C 1-6 alkylene group which may have 1 to 5 Substituents selected from the group consisting of (a) a halogen, (b) a C 1-3 alkylenedioxy, (c) a nitro, (d) a cyano, (e) a C 1-6 alkyl optionally which may be substituted with amino, mono- or di-C 1-6 alkylamino or C 1-6 alkoxycarbonyl, and having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (f) a C 3-6 cycloalkyl, (g) a C 1-6 alkoxy optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (h) a C 1-6 alkylthio optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (i) a hydroxyl, (j) an amino, (k) a mono-C 1-6 alkylamino, (l) a di-
  • ring A is a benzene ring which may have 1 or 2 substituents selected from the group consisting of (1) a hydrogen, (2) a halogen, (3) a C 1-16 acyclic or cyclic hydrocarbon group which may have 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of (i) a halogen, (ii) a C 1-3 alkylenedioxy, (iii) a nitro, (iv) a cyano, (v) a C 1-6 alkyl optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (vi) a C 3-6 cycloalkyl, (vii) a C 1-6 alkoxy which may be substituted with amino, mono- or di-C 1-6 alkylamino or C 1-6 alkoxycarbonyl, and optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (viii) a C 1-6 alkylthio optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (ix) a hydroxyl, (x) an
  • Q is (1) CR 4 wherein R 4 is (i) a hydrogen atom, (ii) a halogen atom, (iii) an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group or (iv) an optionally substituted hydroxyl group, or (2) N(O)p wherein p is 0 or 1;
  • X is C ⁇ O or C ⁇ S
  • Y is (1) CH 2 , (2) S(O)q wherein q is an integer of 0 to 2, or (3) NR 5 wherein R 5 is (i) a hydrogen atom, (ii) an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group or (iii) an acyl group;
  • n 0 or 1
  • Ar is an optionally substituted carbocyclic group or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group
  • R 1 and R 2 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an optionally substituted lower alkyl group, or an optionally substituted lower alkoxy group;
  • the other is a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an optionally substituted lower alkyl group, or an optionally substituted lower alkoxy group; or
  • ring A is a benzene ring which may be substituted in addition to R 1 and R 2 ;
  • Q is (A) CR 4 wherein R 4 is (1) a hydrogen atom, (2) a halogen atom, (3) a C 1-16 acyclic or cyclic hydrocarbon group which may have 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of (i) a halogen, (ii) a C 1-3 alkylenedioxy, (iii) a nitro, (iv) a cyano, (v) a C 1-6 alkyl optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (vi) a C 3-6 cycloalkyl, (vii) a C 1-6 alkoxy which may be substituted with amino, mono- or di-C 1-6 alkylamino or C 1-6 alkoxycarbonyl, and optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (viii) a C 1-6 alkylthio optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (ix) a hydroxyl, (x) an amino, (xi) a mono-C
  • Y is (1) CH 2 , (2) S(O)q wherein q is an integer of 0 to 2, or (3) NR 5 wherein R 5 is (i) a hydrogen, (ii) a C 1-16 acyclic or cyclic hydrocarbon group which may have 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of (a) a halogen, (b) a C 1-3 alkylenedioxy, (c) a nitro, (d) a cyano, (e) a C 1-6 alkyl optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (f) a C 3-6 cycloalkyl, (g) a C 1-6 alkoxy which may be substituted with amino, mono- or di-C 1-6 alkylamino or C 1-6 alkoxycarbonyl, and optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (h) a C 1-6 alkylthio optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (i) a hydroxyl, (j)
  • Q is CR 4 wherein R 4 is as defined in the above item 3,
  • X is C ⁇ O
  • Y is NR 5 wherein R 5 is as described in the above item 3,
  • Y is CH 2
  • Ar is 3- to 14-membered aromatic group which may have 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of (i) a halogen, (ii) a C 1-3 alkylenedioxy, (iii) a nitro, (iv) a cyano, (v) a C 1-6 alkyl optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (vi) a C 2-6 alkenyl optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (vii) a C 2-6 alkynyl optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (viii) a C 3-6 cycloalkyl, (ix) a C 1-6 alkoxy which may be substituted with amino, mono- or di-C 1-6 alkylamino or C 1-6 alkoxycarbonyl, and optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (x) a C 1-6 alkylthio optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (xi) a hydroxy
  • Ar is a phenyl group which may have 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of (i) a halogen, (ii) a C 1-3 alkylenedioxy, (iii) a nitro, (iv) a cyano, (v) a C 1-6 alkyl optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (vi) a C 2-6 alkenyl optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (vii) a C 2-6 alkynyl optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (viii) a C 3-6 cycloalkyl, (ix) a C 1-6 alkoxy which may be substituted with amino, mono- or di-C 1-6 alkylamino or C 1-6 alkoxycarbonyl, and optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (x) a C 1-6 alkylthio optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (xi) a hydroxyl,
  • R 3 is (1) a hydrogen atom, (2) a halogen atom, (3) a C 1-16 acyclic or cyclic hydrocarbon group which may have 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of (a) a halogen, (b) a C 1-3 alkylenedioxy, (c) a nitro, (d) a cyano, (e) a C 1-6 alkyl optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (f) a C 3-6 cycloalkyl, (g) a C 1-6 alkoxy which may be substituted with amino, mono- or di-C 1-6 alkylamino or C 1-6 alkoxycarbonyl, and optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (h) a C 1-6 alkylthio optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (i) a hydroxyl, (j) an amino, (k) a mono-C 1-6 alkylamino,
  • R 3 is a hydrogen
  • Q is (1) CR 4 wherein R 4' is (i) a C 1-6 alkyl group which may be substituted with a di-C 1-6 alkylamino group, (ii) a halogen atom, or (iii) a C 1-6 alkoxy group, or (2) N;
  • X is C ⁇ O
  • Y is NR 5' wherein R 5' is (i) a hydrogen, (ii) a C 1-6 alkyl group which may be substituted with (a) a morpholino, (b) a carboxyl, (c) a C 1-6 alkoxy-carbonyl, or (d) a phenyl which may be substituted with C 1-6 alkoxy, or (iii) COR 7" wherein R 7" is (a) a hydrogen, (b) C 1-6 alkyl which may be substituted with a carboxyl or a benzyloxycarbonyl, or a di-C 1-6 alkylamino;
  • n 0;
  • Z 2 is (1) C ⁇ O, (2) CH 2 , (3) (CH 2 ) 2 , (4) (CH 2 ) 3 , or (5) CH--OH;
  • Ar is (1) a phenyl group which may be substituted with (a) a halogen, (b) a C 1-6 alkylenedioxy, (c) a C 1-6 alkoxy which may be substituted with (c-1) a halogen, (c-2) a di-C 1-6 alkylamino or (c-3) a C 1-6 alkoxy-carbonyl, (d) a C 7-11 aralkyloxy, (e) C 1-6 alkyl which may be substituted with a halogen or (f) hydroxyl, (2) an optionally oxidized pyridyl group, or (3) a pyridinium group which may be substituted with C 1-6 alkyl;
  • R 1 and R 2 is (1) a hydrogen, (2) a C 1-6 alkyl, (3) a C 1-6 alkoxy which may be substituted with (a) a C 1-6 alkoxy-carbonyl, (b) a C 7-11 aralkyl or (c) a carboxyl, or (4) a hydroxyl;
  • the other is (1) a C 1-6 alkyl, (2) a C 1-6 alkoxy which may be substituted with (a) a C 1-6 alkoxy-carbonyl or (b) a carboxyl, or (3) a hydroxyl; or
  • R 1 and R 2 taken together with adjacent --c ⁇ c-- form a C 1-6 alkylenedioxy group, or a C 1-6 alkyleneoxy group; or ring A is a benzene ring which may have a C 1-6 alkoxy group, in addition to R 1 and R 2 , and a C 1-6 alkoxy group on ring A and a C 1-6 alkoxy group of R 1 may be taken together form a C 1-6 alkylenedioxy group;
  • Q is CH or N
  • X is C ⁇ O
  • n 0;
  • Z 2 is CH 2 ;
  • R 1 and R 2 taken together with adjacent --c ⁇ c-- form a C 1-6 alkylenedioxy group
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the above item 1,
  • a cell differentiation inducing factor composition comprising the compound of the above item 1,
  • composition for treating or preventing neuropathy or bone and joint disease which comprises the compound of the above item 1,
  • a bone formation promoting composition comprising the compound of the above item 1,
  • a cartilage disruption inhibitory composition comprising the compound of the above item 1,
  • a method of treating or preventing neuropathy or bone-and-joint disease which comprises administering to a mammal in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of the formula: ##STR19## wherein Q is an optionally substituted carbon atom or N(O)p wherein p is 0 or 1;
  • Y is an optionally substituted methylene group, S(O)q wherein q is an integer of 0 to 2, or an optionally substituted imino group;
  • Z 1 is a C 1-3 alkylene group which may have an oxo group or a thioxo group and may contain etherified oxygen or sulfur within the carbon chain;
  • Z 2 is an optionally substituted C 1-3 alkylene group
  • Ar is an optionally substituted carbocyclic group or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group
  • R 1 and R 2 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an optionally substituted lower alkyl group or an optionally substituted lower alkoxy group;
  • the other is a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an optionally substituted lower alkyl group or an optionally substituted lower alkoxy group;
  • ring A is a benzene ring which may have a substituent in addition to R 1 and R 2 ; or a salt thereof,
  • Y is an optionally substituted methylene group, S(O)q wherein q is an integer of 0 to 2, or an optionally substituted imino group;
  • Z 1 is a C 1-3 alkylene group which may have an oxo group or a thioxo group and may contain etherified oxygen or sulfur within the carbon chain;
  • Z 2 is an optionally substituted C 1-3 alkylene group
  • Ar is an optionally substituted carbocyclic group or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group
  • R 1 and R 2 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an optionally substituted lower alkyl group or an optionally substituted lower alkoxy group;
  • the other is a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an optionally substituted lower alkyl group or an optionally substituted lower alkoxy group;
  • ring A is a benzene ring which may have a substituent in addition to R 1 and R 2 ; or a salt thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for treating or preventing neuropathy or bone-and-joint disease, and
  • the "optionally substituted carbocyclic group or optionally substituted heterocyclic group" as mentioned for Ar may have any number of substituents in substitutable positions (preferably 1 to 5 and more preferably 1 to 3 substituents) and when two or more substitutions are involved, the substituent groups may be same or different and the mutually adjacent substituent groups may be bonded with each other to form a ring.
  • the ring that may be jointly formed by any two mutually adjacent substituent groups on Ar includes 3- through 10-membered carbocycles (preferably 5- or 6-membered carbocycles) such as, for example, benzene, C 3-10 cycloalkene (e.g. cyclobutene, cyclopentene, cyclohexene, cycloheptene, cyclooctene, etc.), and C 3-10 cycloalkanes (e.g. cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane, etc.).
  • 5- to 6-membered carbocycles such as benzene, cyclopentane, and cyclohexane.
  • benzene ring is particularly preferred.
  • 3- to 14-membered monocyclic or fused polycyclic nonaromatic hydrocarbon groups preferably 5- or 6-membered carbocyclic groups
  • C 3-10 cycloalkene e.g. cyclobutene, cyclopentene, cyclohexene, cycloheptene, cyclooctene, etc.
  • C 3-10 cycloalkane e.g. cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane, etc.
  • 6- to 14-membered monocyclic or fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon groups for example C 6-14 aryl such as phenyl, biphenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 2-indenyl, 1-anthryl, 2-anthryl, 3-anthryl, 1-phenanthryl, 2-phenanthryl, 3-phenanthryl, 4-phenanthryl, 9-phenanthryl, etc.
  • 5- to 10-membered monocyclic nonaromatic heterocyclic groups each containing 1 or more (e.g. 1-4, preferably 1-3) hetero atoms of one or two kinds as selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen in addition to carbon atoms, said heterocyclic group being optionally fused with a benzene ring, preferably 5- or 6-membered nonaromatic heterocyclic groups, more specifically monovalent groups available upon elimination of one optional hydrogen atom each from such rings as tetrahydropyridine, dihydropyridine, tetrahydropyrazine, tetrahydropyrimidine, tetrahydropyridazine, dihydropyran, dihydropyrrole, dihydroimidazole, dihydropyrazole, dihydrothiophene, dihydrofuran, dihydrothiazole, dihydroisothiazole, dihydrooxazole, dihydroisoxazole, piperidine, piperazine
  • 5- to 10-membered monocyclic aromatic heterocyclic groups each containing one or more (for example, 1 to 4, preferably 1 to 3) hetero atoms of one or two kinds as selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen in addition to carbon atoms, said heterocyclic group being optionally fused with a benzene ring, specifically monovalent groups available upon elimination of any one hydrogen atom each from aromatic heterocyclic rings such as thiophene, benzo[b]thiophene, benzo[b]furan, benzimidazole, benzoxazole, benzothiazole, benzisothiazole, naphtho[2,3-b]thiophene, thianthrene, furan, isoindolidine, xanthrene, phenoxathiin, pyrrole, imidazole, triazole, thiazole, oxazole, pyrazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyrida
  • aromatic heterocyclic groups such as said "6- to 14-membered monocyclic and fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon groups" and "5- to 10-membered monocyclic aromatic heterocyclic groups each containing one or more (e.g. 1 to 4, preferably 1 to 3) hetero-atoms of one or two kinds as selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen in addition to carbon atoms, said heterocyclic group being optionally fused with a benzene ring.
  • aromatic heterocyclic groups such as said "6- to 14-membered monocyclic and fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon groups" and "5- to 10-membered monocyclic aromatic heterocyclic groups each containing one or more (e.g. 1 to 4, preferably 1 to 3) hetero-atoms of one or two kinds as selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen in addition to carbon atoms, said heterocyclic group being optionally fused with a benzene ring.
  • the substituent for the "optionally substituted carbocyclic group or optionally substituted heterocyclic group" as mentioned for Ar and R 6 includes, for example, (i) halogen (e.g. fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine), (ii) lower alkylenedioxy (e.g. C 1-3 alkylenedioxy such as methylenedioxy, ethylenedioxy, etc.), (iii) nitro, (iv) cyano, (v) lower alkyl that may be halogenated, (vi) lower alkenyl that may be halogenated, (vii) lower alkynyl that may be halogenated, (viii) lower cycloalkyl (e.g.
  • halogen e.g. fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine
  • lower alkylenedioxy e.g. C 1-3 alkylenedioxy such as methylenedioxy, ethylenedioxy, etc.
  • nitro cyan
  • C 3-6 cycloalkyl such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, etc.
  • lower alkoxy that may be halogenated
  • lower alkylthio that may be halogenated
  • xii) amino e.g. mono-C 1-6 alkylamino such as methylamino, ethylamino, propylamino, isopropylamino, butylamino, etc.
  • di-lower alkylamino e.g.
  • di-C 1-6 alkylamino such as dimethylamino, diethylamino, dipropylamino, dibutylamino, etc.
  • cycloamino e.g. morpholino, thiomorpholino, piperazin-1-yl, piperidino, pyrrolidin-1-yl, etc.
  • acylamino e.g. lower alkylcarbonyl (e.g. C 1-6 alkyl-carbonyl such as acetyl, propionyl, etc.), (xviii) carboxyl, (xix) lower alkoxy-carbonyl (e.g.
  • C 1-6 alkoxy-carbonyl such as methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, etc.
  • carbamoyl (xxi) mono-lower alkylcarbamoyl (e.g. mono-C 1-6 alkyl-carbamoyl such as methylcarbamoyl, ethylcarbamoyl, etc.), (xxii) di-lower alkylcarbamoyl (e.g.
  • di-C 1-6 alkyl-carbamoyl such as dimethylcarbamoyl, diethylcarbamoyl, etc.
  • aryl-carbamoyl e.g. C 6-10 aryl-carbamoyl such as phenylcarbamoyl, naphthylcarbamoyl, etc.
  • sulfo e.g. sulfo, (xxv) lower alkylsulfonyl (e.g. C 1-6 alkylsulfonyl such as ethylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, etc.),
  • aryl e.g.
  • C 6-10 aryl such as phenyl, naphthyl, etc.
  • aryloxy e.g. C 6-10 aryloxy such as phenyloxy, naphthyloxy, etc.
  • aralkyloxy e.g. C 7-16 aralkyloxy such as benzyloxy etc.
  • thiocarbamoyl e.g. thiocarbamoyl
  • mono-lower alkylthiocarbamoyl e.g.
  • mono-C 1-6 alkylthio-carbamoyl such as methylthiocarbamoyl, ethylthiocarbamoyl, etc.
  • di-lower alkylthiocarbamoyl e.g. di-C 1-6 alkylthio-carbamoyl such as dimethylthiocarbamoyl, diethylthiocarbamoyl, etc.
  • aryl-carbamoyl e.g. C 6-10 aryl-carbamoyl such as phenyl-carbamoyl
  • aryl-thiocarbamoyl e.g. C 6-10 aryl-thiocarbamoyl such as phenyl-thiocarbamoyl.
  • lower alkyl that may be halogenated includes lower alkyl (e.g. C 1-6 alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, etc.) optionally having 1-3 halogen atoms (e.g. fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine).
  • lower alkyl e.g. C 1-6 alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, etc.
  • 1-3 halogen atoms e.g. fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine
  • lower alkenyl that may be halogenated and “lower alkynyl that may be halogenated”, both mentioned above, include lower alkenyl (e.g. C 2-6 alkenyl such as vinyl, propenyl, isopropenyl, 2-buten-1-yl, 4-penten-1-yl, 5-hexen-1-yl, etc.) optionally having 1-3 halogen atoms (e.g. fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine) and lower alkynyl (e.g.
  • lower alkenyl e.g. C 2-6 alkenyl such as vinyl, propenyl, isopropenyl, 2-buten-1-yl, 4-penten-1-yl, 5-hexen-1-yl, etc.
  • 1-3 halogen atoms e.g. fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine
  • lower alkynyl e.g.
  • C 26 alkynyl such as 2-butyn-1-yl, 4-pentyn-1-yl, 5-hexyn-1-yl, etc.
  • halogen atoms e.g. fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine
  • lower alkoxy that may be halogenated includes lower alkoxy (e.g. C 1-6 alkoxy such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, etc.) optionally having 1-3 halogen atoms (e.g. fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine).
  • lower alkoxy e.g. C 1-6 alkoxy such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, etc.
  • 1-3 halogen atoms e.g. fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine
  • methoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, ethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, 4,4,4-trifluorobutoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, pentyloxy, hexyloxy, etc. can be mentioned.
  • the "lower alkoxy" of said "lower alkoxy that may be halogenated” may be substituted by amino, mono- or di-lower alkylamino (e.g. mono- or di-C 1-6 alkylamino such as methylamino, dimethylamino, ethylamino, dimethylamino, etc.) or lower alkoxycarbonyl (e.g. C 1-6 alkyl-oxycarbonyl such as methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, etc.).
  • mono- or di-lower alkylamino e.g. mono- or di-C 1-6 alkylamino such as methylamino, dimethylamino, ethylamino, dimethylamino, etc.
  • lower alkoxycarbonyl e.g. C 1-6 alkyl-oxycarbonyl such as methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, etc.
  • lower alkylthio that may be halogenated
  • lower alkylthio e.g. C 1-6 alkylthio such as methylthio, ethylthio, n-propylthio, isopropylthio, n-butylthio, isobutylthio, secbutylthio, tert-butylthio, etc.
  • 1-3 halogen atoms e.g. fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine
  • methylthio, difluoromethylthio, trifluoromethylthio, ethylthio, propylthio, isopropylthio, butylthio, 4,4,4-trifluorobutylthio, pentylthio, hexylthio, etc. can be mentioned.
  • acylamino includes --NHCOOR 6 , --NHCONHR 6 , --NHCOR 6 , and --NHSO 2 R 6 (R 6 represents an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group).
  • the preferred substituent for the "optionally substituted carbocyclic group or optionally substituted heterocyclic group" as mentioned for Ar includes halogen (particularly fluorine and chlorine), lower alkylenedioxy (particularly methylenedioxy), lower alkoxy that may be halogenated (methoxy in particular), and hydroxyl.
  • halogen F and Cl in particular
  • lower alkylenedioxy methylenedioxy in particular
  • lower alkoxy methoxy in particular
  • lower alkylenedioxy methylenedioxy in particular
  • lower alkoxy methoxy in particular
  • halogen mentioned for R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
  • hydrocarbon of said “optionally substituted hydrocarbon” as mentioned for R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 means a group available upon elimination of one hydrogen atom from any of various hydrocarbon compounds, thus including acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbon groups such as alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, and aralkyl.
  • acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbon groups such as alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, and aralkyl.
  • C 1-16 acylic (straight-chain or branched) hydrocarbon and C 1-16 cyclic hydrocarbon. The more preferable are:
  • alkyl groups [preferably lower alkyl (e.g. C 1-6 alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, etc.)],
  • lower alkyl e.g. C 1-6 alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, etc.
  • alkenyl groups [preferably lower alkenyl (e.g. C 2-6 alkenyl such as vinyl, allyl, isopropenyl, butenyl, isobutenyl, sec-butenyl, etc)],
  • alkynyl groups [preferably lower alkynyl (e.g. C 2-6 alkynyl such as propargyl, ethynyl, butynyl, 1-hexynyl, etc.)],
  • cycloalkyl groups [preferably lower cycloalkyl (e.g. C 3-6 cycloalkyl such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl optionally fused to a benzene ring which, in turn, may have 1-3 lower alkoxy groups (e.g. C 1-6 alkoxy such as methoxy)],
  • lower cycloalkyl e.g. C 3-6 cycloalkyl such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl optionally fused to a benzene ring which, in turn, may have 1-3 lower alkoxy groups (e.g. C 1-6 alkoxy such as methoxy)]
  • aryl groups e.g. C 6-14 aryl such as phenyl, biphenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 2-indenyl, [2-anthryl], 1-anthryl, 2-anthryl, 3-anthryl, 1-phenanthryl, 2-phenanthryl, 3-phenanthryl, 4-phenanthryl, 9-phenanthryl, etc., preferably phenyl
  • C 6-14 aryl such as phenyl, biphenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 2-indenyl, [2-anthryl], 1-anthryl, 2-anthryl, 3-anthryl, 1-phenanthryl, 2-phenanthryl, 3-phenanthryl, 4-phenanthryl, 9-phenanthryl, etc., preferably phenyl
  • aryl groups e.g. C 6-14 aryl such as phenyl, biphenyl, 1-naphthyl
  • aralkyl groups [preferably lower aralkyl (e.g. C 7-16 aralkyl such as benzyl, phenethyl, diphenylmethyl, 1-naphthylmethyl, 2-naphthylmethyl, 2-phenylethyl, 2-diphenylethyl, 1-phenylpropyl, 2-phenylpropyl, 3-phenylpropyl, 4-phenylbutyl, 5-phenylpentyl, etc., more preferably benzyl)].
  • aralkyl e.g. C 7-16 aralkyl such as benzyl, phenethyl, diphenylmethyl, 1-naphthylmethyl, 2-naphthylmethyl, 2-phenylethyl, 2-diphenylethyl, 1-phenylpropyl, 2-phenylpropyl, 3-phenylpropyl, 4-phenylbutyl, 5-phenylpentyl
  • R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 may have 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 3, substituents in substitutable positions of the hydrocarbon group and where two or more substitutions are involved, the substituent groups may be the same or different.
  • the "substituent" for said "hydrocarbon that may be substituted” includes (i) halogen (e.g. fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine), (ii) lower alkylenedioxy (e.g. C 1-3 alkylenedioxy such as methylenedioxy, ethylenedioxy, etc.), (iii) nitro, (iv) cyano, (v) lower alkyl that may be halogenated, (vi) lower cycloalkyl (e.g.
  • C 3-6 cycloalkyl such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, etc.
  • lower alkoxy that may be halogenated
  • lower alkylthio that may be halogenated
  • hydroxyl (x) amino,
  • xi) mono-lower alkylamino e.g. mono-C 1-6 alkylamino such as methylamino, ethylamino, etc.
  • di-lower alkylamino e.g.
  • di-C 1-6 alkylamino such as dimethylamino, diethylamino, etc.
  • lower alkyl-carbonyl e.g. C 1-6 alkyl-carbonyl such as acetyl, ethylcarbonyl, etc.
  • lower alkyl-carbonyloxy e.g. C 1-6 alkyl-carbonyloxy such as acetoxy, ethylcarbonyloxy, etc.
  • lower alkyl-carbonyloxy-C 1-3 alkyl e.g.
  • C 1-6 alkyl-carbonyloxy-C 1-3 alkyl such as acetoxymethyl, ethylcarbonyloxymethyl, isopropylcarbonyloxymethyl, etc.
  • carboxyl e.g., acetoxymethyl, ethylcarbonyloxymethyl, isopropylcarbonyloxymethyl, etc.
  • lower alkoxy-carbonyl e.g. C 1-6 alkyl-oxycarbonyl such as methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, etc.
  • mono-lower alkylamino-carbonyl e.g.
  • mono-C 1-6 alkylamino-carbonyl such as methylaminocarbonyl, ethyl-aminocarbonyl, etc.
  • di-lower alkylamino-carbonyl di-lower alkylamino-carbonyl such as dimethylaminocarbonyl, diethylaminocarbonyl, etc.
  • carbamoyl (xxi) mono-lower alkyl-carbamoyl (e.g.
  • mono-C 1-6 alkyl-carbamoyl such as methylcarbamoyl, ethylcarbamoyl, etc.
  • di-lower alkyl-carbamoyl e.g. di-C 1-6 alkyl-carbamoyl such as dimethylcarbamoyl, diethylcarbamoyl, etc.
  • sulfo e.g. C 1-6 alkanesulfonyl such as methanesulfonyl, ethanesulfonyl, etc.
  • aryl e.g.
  • C 6-10 aryl such as phenyl, naphthyl, etc.
  • aryloxy e.g. C 6-10 aryloxy such as phenyloxy, naphthyloxy, etc.
  • xxvii 5- to 7-membered heterocyclic group each containing 1-4 hetero-atoms selected from among nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur in addition to carbon, said heterocyclic group being optionally fused with a benzene ring,
  • thiocarbamoyl thiocarbamoyl
  • xxx mono-lower alkylthiocarbamoyl (e.g.
  • mono-C 1-6 alkylthio-carbamoyl such as methylthiocarbamoyl, ethylthiocarbamoyl, etc.
  • di-lower alkylthiocarbamoyl e.g. di-C 1-6 alkylthio-carbamoyl such as dimethylthiocarbamoyl, diethylthiocarbamoyl, etc.
  • aryl-carbamoyl e.g. C 6-10 aryl-carbamoyl such as phenyl-carbamoyl
  • aryl-thiocarbamoyl e.g. C 6-10 aryl-thiocarbamoyl such as phenyl-thiocarbamoyl.
  • lower alkyl that may be halogenated lower alkoxy that may be halogenated
  • lower alkylthio that may be halogenated have the same meaning of "lower alkyl that may be halogenated”, “lower alkoxy that may be halogenated”, and “lower alkylthio that may be halogenated” as mentioned above for the "substituent" of said "optionally substituted carbocyclic group or optionally substituted heterocyclic group”.
  • aryl preferably phenyl
  • aryloxy preferably phenyloxy
  • the above-mentioned "5- to 7-membered heterocyclic group or said heterocyclic group being optionally fused with a benzene ring” includes 5- to 7-membered (preferably 5- or 6-membered) heterocyclic groups containing 1 to 3, preferably 1 or 2, hetero-atoms of preferably 1 or 2 kinds as selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur in addition to carbon.
  • Such groups includes 1-, 2- or 3-pyrrolidinyl, 2- or 4-imidazolidinyl, 2-, 3-, or 4-pyrazolidinyl, 3-, 4-, or 5-pyrazolyl, 2-, 4-, or 5-imidazolyl, piperidino, 2-, 3-, or 4-piperidyl, 1- or 2-piperazinyl, morpholino, 2- or 3-morpholinyl, 2- or 3-thienyl, 2-, 3-, or 4-pyridyl, 2- or 3-furyl, pyrazinyl, 2-, 4-, or 5-pyrimidinyl, 2- or 3-pyrrolyl, 2-, 4-, or 5-oxazolyl, 2-, 4-, or 5-thiazolyl, 3-pyridazinyl, 3-, 4-, or 5-isothiazolyl, 3-, 4- or 5-isoxazolyl, etc.
  • this "5- to 7-membered heterocyclic group or said heterocyclic group being optionally fused with a benzene ring” may have 1 to 3 substituents in any substitutable positions.
  • the substituent of the above "5- to 7-membered heterocyclic group or said heterocyclic group being optionally fused with a benzene ring” is the same substituent of the "optionally substituted carbocyclic group that may be substituted or heterocyclic group" as mentioned for Ar.
  • substituent groups are (i) halogen (e.g. fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine), (ii) lower alkylenedioxy (e.g. C 1-3 alkylenedioxy such as methylenedioxy, ethylenedioxy, etc.), (iii) nitro, (iv) cyano, (v) lower alkyl that may be halogenated, (vi) lower cycloalkyl (e.g.
  • C 3-6 cycloalkyl such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, etc.
  • lower alkoxy that may be halogenated
  • lower alkylthio that may be halogenated
  • hydroxyl (x) amino,
  • xi) mono-lower alkylamino e.g. mono-C 1-6 alkylamino such as methylamino, ethylamino, propylamino, isopropylamino, butylamino, etc.
  • di-lower alkylamino e.g.
  • di-C 1-6 alkylamino such as dimethylamino, diethylamino, dipropylamino, dibutylamino, etc.
  • 5- or 6-membered cycloamino e.g. morpholino, piperazin-1-yl, piperidino, pyrrolidin-1-yl, etc.
  • lower alkylcarbonyl e.g. C 1-6 alkyl-carbonyl such as acetyl, propionyl, etc.
  • carboxyl e.g.
  • C 1-6 alkoxy-carbonyl such as methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, etc.
  • carbamoyl (xviii) mono-lower alkylcarbamoyl (e.g. mono-C 1-6 alkyl-carbamoyl such as methylcarbamoyl, ethylcarbamoyl, etc.), (xix) di-lower alkylcarbamoyl (e.g.
  • di-C 1-6 alkyl-carbamoyl such as dimethylcarbamoyl, diethylcarbamoyl, etc.
  • arylcarbamoyl e.g. C 6-10 aryl-carbamoyl such as phenylcarbamoyl, naphthylcarbamoyl, etc.
  • sulfo e.g. C 6-10 alkanesulfonyl such as methanesulfonyl, ethanesulfonyl, etc.
  • aryl e.g. C 6-10 alkanesulfonyl such as methanesulfonyl, ethanesulfonyl, etc.
  • C 6-10 aryl such as phenyl, naphthyl, etc.
  • aryloxy e.g. C 6-10 aryloxy such as phenyloxy, naphthyloxy, etc.
  • thiocarbamoyl (xxvi) mono-C 1-6 alkylthio-carbamoyl, (xxvii) di-C 1-6 alkylthio-carbamoyl, (xxviii) C 6-10 aryl-carbamoyl and (xxix) C 6-10 aryl-thiocarbamoyl, among others.
  • lower alkyl that may be halogenated low alkyl that may be halogenated
  • lower alkoxy low alkyl
  • lower alkylthio that may be halogenated
  • the "optionally substituted carbon atom" for Q includes a group of the formula CR 4 (R 4 is as defined above).
  • Q is preferably CR 4' wherein R 4' is a hydrogen atom or a C 1-6 alkyl group; or N(O)p wherein p is as defined above.
  • Ring A may have substituent groups, such as those mentioned for R 3 (R 3 is as defined above), in addition to R 1 and R 2 .
  • R 9 and R 9' may be the same or different and each represents (i) hydrogen, (ii) lower alkyl that may be halogenated, (iii) lower alkoxy that may be halogenated, (iv) lower alkylthio that may be halogenated, (v) hydroxyl, (vi) cyano, (vii) alkylcarbonyl (e.g. C 1-6 alkyl-carbonyl such as acetyl, propionyl, etc.), (viii) lower alkylcarbonyloxy (e.g.
  • C 1-6 alkyl-carbonyloxy such as acetyloxy, propionyloxy, etc.
  • formylamino amino
  • mono-lower alkylamino e.g. mono-C 1-6 alkylamino such as methylamino, ethylamino, propylamino, isopropylamino, butylamino, etc.
  • di-lower alkylamino e.g.
  • di-C 1-6 alkylamino such as dimethylamino, diethylamino, dipropylamino, dibutylamino, etc.
  • carboxyl e.g. C 1-6 alkyloxy-carbonyl such as methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, etc.
  • lower alkoxy-carbonyl e.g. C 1-6 alkyloxy-carbonyl such as methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, etc.
  • lower alkyl-carbonylamino e.g.
  • R 9 and R 9' are the same or different and each preferably represents hydrogen, hydroxyl, cyano, C 1-6 alkoxy, amino, or mono-C 1-6 alkylamino, more preferably represents hydrogen, hydroxyl, amino, or mono-C 1-6 alkylamino, and most preferably represents hydrogen and
  • R 10 represents (i) ##STR22## wherein R 9 and R 9' are as defined above, (ii) ⁇ NR 9 wherein R 9 is as defined above, (iii) O or (iv) S.
  • the "imino that may be substituted" as mentioned for Y includes NR 5 (wherein R 5 is as defined above).
  • heterocyclic group of the "optionally substituted heterocyclic group” as mentioned for R 6 preferably includes 5- to 10-membered (monocyclic or bicyclic) heterocyclic groups each containing 1 or more (e.g. 1 to 4, preferably 1 to 3, and more preferably 1 or 2) hetero-atoms of preferably one or two kinds as selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur in addition to carbon, for example non-aromatic heterocyclic groups such as 1-, 2-, or 3-pyrrolidinyl, 2- or 4-imidazolidinyl, 2-, 3-, or 4-pyrazolidinyl, piperidino, 2-, 3-, or 4-piperidyl, 1-or 2-piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, 3- or 4-azepinyl, etc.
  • non-aromatic heterocyclic groups such as 1-, 2-, or 3-pyrrolidinyl, 2- or 4-imidazolidinyl, 2-, 3-, or 4-pyrazolidinyl, piperidino
  • aromatic heterocyclic groups such as 2- or 3-thienyl, 2-, 3-, or 4-pyridyl, 2- or 3-furyl, 4- or 8-quinolyl, 4-isoquinolyl, pyrazinyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 3-pyrrolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 3-pyridazinyl, 3-isothiazolyl, 3-isoxazolyl, 1-indolyl, 2-isoindolyl, etc.
  • aromatic heterocyclic groups and saturated 5- to 7-membered cycloamino groups are preferred.
  • the more preferred are 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic groups each containing 1 to 3 hetero-atoms of preferably one or two kinds as selected from among nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur in addition to carbon (e.g. 2- or 3-thienyl, 2- or 4-pyridyl, etc.) and saturated 5- to 7-membered cycloamino groups.
  • the "substituent" of said “optionally substituted heterocyclic” includes the same as the "substituent” for the "optionally substituted hydrocarbon group" of R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 .
  • the "acyl" as mentioned for R 5 includes --(C ⁇ O)--R 7 , --SO 2 --R 7 , --SO--R 7 , --(C ⁇ O)NR 8 --R 7 , --(C ⁇ O)O--R 7 , --(C ⁇ S)O--R 7 , and --(C ⁇ S)NR 8 --R 7 [wherein R 7 is hydrogen or optionally substituted hydrocarbon and R 8 is hydrogen or lower alkyl (e.g. C 1-6 alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, etc. and preferably C 1-3 alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, etc.)].
  • R 7 is hydrogen or optionally substituted hydrocarbon and R 8 is hydrogen or lower alkyl (e.g. C 1-6 alkyl such as
  • --(C ⁇ O)--R 7 , --SO 2 --R 7 , --SO--R 7 , --(C ⁇ O)NR 8 --R 7 , and --(C ⁇ O)O--R 7 are preferred and --(C ⁇ O)--R 7 (R 7 is as defined above) is more preferred.
  • the "hydrocarbon” of the "optionally substituted hydrocarbon” as mentioned above for R 7 is a group available upon elimination of one hydrogen atom from a hydrocarbon compound and includes acylic (straight-chain or branched) and cyclic hydrocarbon groups such as alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, and aralkyl.
  • acylic straight-chain or branched
  • cyclic hydrocarbon groups such as alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, and aralkyl.
  • the specific list of such groups includes the same groups as those mentioned for the "hydrocarbon” of the "optionally substituted hydrocarbon” as mentioned for R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 .
  • C 1-16 acyclic or cyclic hydrocarbon groups are preferred and lower alkyl groups are particularly preferred.
  • the preferred substituent that may be present on the "hydrocarbon group" for R 7 includes (i) halogen (e.g. fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine), (ii) lower alkylenedioxy (e.g. C 1-3 alkylenedioxy such as methylenedioxy, ethylenedioxy, etc.), (iii) nitro, (iv) cyano, (v) lower alkyl that may be halogenated, (vi) lower cycloalkyl (e.g.
  • C 3-6 cycloalkyl such as cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, etc.
  • lower alkoxy that may be halogenated
  • lower alkylthio that may be halogenated
  • hydroxyl (x) amino, (xi) mono-lower alkylamino (e.g. C 1-6 alkylamino such as methylamino, ethylamino, propylamino, isopropylamino, butylamino, etc.), (xii) di-lower alkylamino (e.g.
  • di-C 1-6 alkylamino such as dimethylamino, diethylamino, dipropylamino, dibutylamino, etc.
  • cycloamino e.g. morpholino, piperazin-1-yl, piperidino, pyrrolidin-1-yl, 2-pyrrolidon-1-yl, 2-pyridon-1-yl, etc.
  • optionally having hydroxyl or oxo optionally having hydroxyl or oxo
  • acylamino optionally having hydroxyl or oxo
  • acylamino optionally having hydroxyl or oxo
  • acylamino e.g.
  • C 1-6 alkyl-carbonyl such as acetyl, propionyl, etc.
  • lower alky-carbonyloxy e.g. C 1-6 alkyl-carbonyloxy such as methylcarbonyloxy, ethylcarbonyloxy, etc.
  • lower alkyl-carbonyloxy-C 1-3 alkyl e.g. C 1-6 alkyl-carbonyloxy-C 1-3 alkyl such as methylcarbonyloxymethyl, ethylcarbonyloxymethyl, etc.
  • carboxyl e.g.
  • C 1-6 alkyl-oxycarbonyl such as methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, etc.
  • mono-lower alkylamino-carbonyl e.g. mono-C 1-6 alkylamino-carbonyl such as methylamino-carbonyl, ethylamino-carbonyl, etc.
  • di-lower alkylamino-carbonyl e.g.
  • di-C 1-6 alkylamino-carbonyl such as dimethylamino-carbonyl, diethylamino-carbonyl, etc.
  • carbamoyl e.g. mono-lower alkyl-carbamoyl such as methylcarbamoyl, ethylcarbamoyl, etc.
  • di-lower alkylcarbamoyl e.g.
  • di-C 1-6 alkyl-carbamoyl such as dimethylcarbamoyl, diethylcarbamoyl, etc.
  • arylcarbamoyl e.g. C 6-10 aryl-carbamoyl such as phenylcarbamoyl, naphthylcarbamoyl, etc.
  • sulfo e.g. sulfo, lower alkylsulfonyl (e.g. C 1-6 alkylsulfonyl such as methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, etc.),
  • aryl e.g.
  • C 6-10 aryl such as phenyl, naphthyl, etc.
  • aryloxy e.g. C 6-10 aryloxy such as phenyloxy, naphthyloxy, etc.
  • xxx 5- to 7-membered heterocyclic group having 1 to 3 hetero atoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur in addition to carbon atoms, said heterocyclic group being optionally fused with a benzene ring
  • lower aralkyloxy-carbonyl e.g.
  • di-C 1-6 alkylthio-carbamoyl such as dimethylthiocarbamoyl, diethylthiocarbamoyl, etc.
  • arylthiocarbamoyl e.g. C 6-10 aryl-thiocarbamoyl such as phenylthiocarbamoyl etc.
  • Preferred, among them, are halogen, di-lower alkylamino, carboxyl, and lower alkoxycarbonyl.
  • di-lower alkylamino and carboxyl More preferred are di-lower alkylamino and carboxyl.
  • lower alkyl that may be halogenated low alkyl that may be halogenated
  • lower alkoxy that may be halogenated low alkylthio that may be halogenated
  • acylamino are the same meaning as those mentioned for the "substituent” the "optionally substituted hydrocarbon group or optionally substituted heterocyclic group” as mentioned for Ar.
  • the "lower alkyl”, of the "optionally substituted lower alkyl” as mentioned for R 1 and R 2 includes straight-chain or branched lower(C 1-6 )alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, etc.).
  • the "lower alkoxy" of the "optionally substituted lower alkoxy” as mentioned for R 1 and R 2 includes straight-chain or branched lower(C 1-6 )alkyloxy (e.g. methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, pentyloxy, isopentyloxy, neopentyloxy, hexyloxy, etc.).
  • R 1 and R 2 the combination of any of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, optionally substituted lower alkyl, and optionally substituted lower alkoxy for R 1 and any of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, optionally substituted lower alkyl, and optionally substituted lower alkoxy for R 2 are preferred and the combination of methoxy for R 1 and hydrogen for R 2 is generally useful.
  • R 1 and R 2 is (1) a hydrogen, (2) a C 1-6 alkyl, (3) a C 1-6 alkoxy which may be substituted with (a) a C 1-6 alkoxy-carbonyl, (b) a C 7-11 , aralkyl or (c) a carboxyl, or (4) a hydroxyl;
  • the other is (1) a C 1-6 alkyl, (2) a C 1-6 alkoxy which may be substituted with (a) a C 1-6 alkoxy-carbonyl or (b) a carboxyl, or (3) a hydroxyl.
  • R 1 and R 2 taken together form a ring with adjacent --C ⁇ C-- the preferred includes lower alkylene (e.g. C 1-6 alkylene such as methylene, ethylene, propylene, trimethylene, tetramethylene, etc.), lower alkylenedioxy (e.g. C 1-6 alkylenedioxy such as methylenedioxy, ethylenedioxy, etc.) or lower alkyleneoxy (e.g. C 1-6 alkyleneoxy, such as methyleneoxy, ethyleneoxy, etc.).
  • Particularly preferred is lower alkylenedioxy (e.g. C 1-6 alkylenedioxy such as methylenedioxy, ethylenedioxy, etc.), or lower alkyleneoxy (e.g. C 1-6 alkyleneoxy, such as methyleneoxy, ethyleneoxy, etc.), especially lower alkylenedioxy, with methylenedioxy being particularly preferred.
  • R 1 and R 3 may taken together form a ring with adjacent --C ⁇ C--.
  • the preferred includes lower alkylenedioxy (e.g. C 1-6 alkylenedioxy such as methylenedioxy, ethylenedioxy, propylenedioxy, trimethylenedioxy, tetramethylenedioxy, etc.).
  • lower alkylenedioxy e.g. C 1-6 alkylenedioxy such as methylenedioxy, ethylenedioxy, propylenedioxy, trimethylenedioxy, tetramethylenedioxy, etc.
  • the "optionally substituted hydroxyl" for R 3 and R 4 is either a hydroxyl group or a hydroxyl group having a group as said “optionally substituted hydrocarbon group” instead of its hydrogen atom.
  • the "optionally substituted hydroxyl” is preferably a hydroxyl group or a hydroxyl group having said optionally substituted lower alkyl.
  • Said “lower alkyl” includes straight-chain or branched lower(C 1-6 )alkyl (e.g.
  • R 3 is C 1-6 alkoxy.
  • the "C 1-3 alkylene" of the "C 1-3 alkylene which may have an oxo or thioxo" as mentioned for Z 1 is --CH 2 --, --(CH 2 ) 2 --, or --(CH 2 ) 3 -- and may contain oxygen or sulfur within the carbon chain as an ether or thioether as it is the case with --CH 2 --O--CH 2 --, --CH 2 --O--CH 2 --CH 2 --, --CH 2 --S--CH 2 --, and --CH 2 --S--CH 2 --CH 2 -- and the sulfur may be in the sulfoxide form or in the sulfone form.
  • oxo- or thioxo-C 1-3 alkylene includes groups of the following formula.
  • X is C ⁇ O or C ⁇ S; m and n each is 0 or 1.
  • X preferably is C ⁇ O and m and n each is preferably equal to 0.
  • the "C 1-3 alkylene" of the "optionally substituted C 1-3 alkylene" as mentioned for Z 2 includes --CH 2 --, --(CH 2 ) 2 -- or --(CH 2 ) 3 -- and may contain etherified oxygen or sulfur within the carbon chain as it is the case with --CH 2 --O--CH 2 --, --CH 2 --O--CH 2 --CH 2 --, --CH 2 --S--CH 2 , or --CH 2 --S--CH 2 --CH 2 -- and the sulfur may be in the sulfoxide form or in the sulfone form.
  • the "substituent" of said "optionally substituted C 1-3 alkylene” includes the same groups as those mentioned for the substituent of the "optionally substituted hydrocarbon group" mentioned for R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 .
  • C 1-3 alkylene of the "optionally substituted C 1-3 alkylene substituted" as mentioned for Z 2 may have an oxo or thioxo bond in a chemically feasible position.
  • Z 2 is (1) C ⁇ O, (2) CH 2 , (3) (CH 2 ) 2 , (4) (CH 2 ) 3 or (5) CH--OH.
  • Z 2 is --(CH 2 ) p -- (where p represents an integer of 1 to 3). More preferably Z 2 is --CH 2 --.
  • R 4 is hydrogen, halogen, optionally substituted hydrocarbon, or optionally substituted hydroxyl, more preferably, hydrogen, halogen, optionally substituted alkyl or hydroxyl optionally substituted by lower alkyl.
  • the more preferred are hydrogen, halogen, lower alkyl, and hydroxyl optionally having lower alkyl as a substituent. Hydrogen is the most useful.
  • Q is (1) CR 4 wherein R 4' is (i) a C 1-6 alkyl which may be substituted with a di-C 1-6 alkylamino, (ii) a halogen, or (iii) a C 1-6 alkoxy, or (2) N.
  • Q is also preferably (1) CR 4 wherein R 4 is hydrogen, halogen, optionally substituted hydrocarbon, or optionally substituted hydroxyl, or (2) N(O)p wherein p is 0 or 1.
  • Q is also preferably CH or N.
  • X is preferably C ⁇ O.
  • Y is preferably CH 2 or NR 5 (where R 5 is as defined above) and more preferably NR 5 (where R 5 is as defined above).
  • Y is also preferably, NR 5' wherein R 5' is (i) hydrogen, (ii) C 1-6 alkyl which may be substituted with (a) morpholino, (b) carboxyl, (C) C 1-6 alkoxy-carbonyl, or (d) phenyl which may be substituted with C 1-6 alkoxy, or (iii) COR 7" wherein R 7" is (a) hydrogen, (b) C 1-6 alkyl which may be substituted with carboxyl or benzyloxycarbonyl, or (c) di-C 1-6 alkylamino.
  • R 5 is preferably hydrogen, alkyl that may be substituted, or acyl of the formula --(C ⁇ O)--R 7 (where R 7 is as defined above), with hydrogen being particularly preferred.
  • R 5 is (i) hydrogen, (ii) C 1-6 alkyl which may be substituted with (a) morpholino, (b) carboxyl, (c) C 1-6 alkoxy-carbonyl, or (d) phenyl which may be substituted with C16 alkoxy, or (iii) COR 7" wherein R 7" is (a) hydrogen, (b) C 1-6 alkyl which may be substituted with carboxyl or benzyloxycarbonyl, or (c) di-C 1-6 alkylamino.
  • Ar is preferably optionally substituted 3- to 14-membered aromatic group, preferably, optionally substituted aryl and more preferably optionally substituted phenyl.
  • C 3-6 cycloalkyl such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, etc.
  • lower alkoxy that may be halogenated
  • lower alkylthio that may be halogenated
  • xii) amino e.g. mono-C 1-6 alkylamino such as methylamino, ethylamino, propylamino, isopropylamino, butylamino, etc.
  • di-lower alkylamino e.g.
  • di-C 1-6 alkylamino such as dimethylamino, diethylamino, dipropylamino, dibutylamino, etc.
  • cycloamino e.g. morpholino, thiomorpholino, piperazin-1-yl, piperidino, pyrrolidin-1-yl, etc.
  • acylamino e.g. lower alkylcarbonyl (e.g. C 1-6 alkyl-carbonyl such as acetyl, propionyl, etc.), (xviii) carboxyl, (xix) lower alkoxy-carbonyl (e.g.
  • C 1-6 alkyl-oxycarbonyl such as methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, etc.
  • carbamoyl (xxi) mono-lower alkylcarbamoyl (e.g. mono-C 1-6 alkyl-carbamoyl such as methylcarbamoyl, ethylcarbamoyl, etc.), (xxii) di-lower alkylcarbamoyl (e.g.
  • di-C 1-6 alkyl-carbamoyl such as dimethylcarbamoyl, diethylcarbamoyl, etc.
  • aryl-carbamoyl e.g. C 6-10 aryl-carbamoyl such as phenylcarbamoyl, naphthylcarbamoyl, etc.
  • sulfo e.g. sulfo, (xxv) lower alkylsulfonyl (e.g. C 1-6 alkylsulfonyl such as methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, etc.),
  • aryl e.g.
  • C 6-10 aryl such as phenyl, naphthyl, etc.
  • aryloxy e.g. C 6-10 aryloxy such as phenyloxy, naphthyloxy, etc.
  • thiocarbamoyl e.g. thiocarbamoyl, (xxx) mono-lower alkylthiocarbamoyl (e.g. mono-C 1-6 alkylthio-carbamoyl such as methylthiocarbamoyl, ethylthiocarbamoyl, etc.), (xxxi) di-lower alkylthiocarbamoyl (e.g.
  • di-C 1-6 alkylthio-carbamoyl such as dimethylthiocarbamoyl, diethylthiocarbamoyl, etc.
  • aryl-carbamoyl e.g. C 6-10 aryl-carbamoyl such as phenyl-carbamoyl
  • aryl-thiocarbamoyl e.g. C 6-10 aryl-thiocarbamoyl such as phenyl-thiocarbamoyl.
  • lower alkyl that may be substituted low alkyl that may be substituted
  • lower alkoxy that may be halogenated low alkylthio that may be halogenated
  • acylamino acylamino
  • Preferred is phenyl substituted with halogen (fluorine or chlorine in particular), lower alkylenedioxy (methylenedioxy in particular), lower alkoxy (methoxy in particular) that may be halogenated, or hydroxyl.
  • said "phenyl that may be substituted” includes groups of the following formulas. ##STR23## [wherein A 1 , A 2 , and A 3 are the same or different and each represents halogen (e.g. fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine), lower alkoxy that may be halogenated (e.g.
  • a 1 and A 2 or A 2 and A 3 taken together, represent lower alkylenedioxy (e.g. C 1-3 alkylenedioxy such as methylenedioxy, ethylenedioxy, etc.] ##STR24## [wherein A 2 and A 3 are as defined above] or ##STR25## [wherein A 4 is halogen (e.g.
  • Ar is also preferably optionally substituted pyridyl group or optionally substituted pyridinium.
  • Ar is (1) a phenyl group which may be substituted with (a) a halogen, (b) a C 1-6 alkylenedioxy, (c) a C 1-6 alkoxy which may be substituted with (c-1) a halogen (c-2) a di-C 1-6 alkylamino, or (c-3) a C 1-6 alkoxy-carbonyl, (d) a C 7-11 aralkyloxy, (e) C 1-6 alkyl which may be substituted with a halogen, or (f) hydroxyl, (2) an optionally oxidized pyridyl group, or (3) a pyridinium group which may be substituted with C 1-6 alkyl
  • R 1 and R 2 each is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, or lower alkoxy, or, taken together, represent lower alkylenedioxy.
  • R 3 is hydrogen, halogen, lower alkyl, or hydroxyl optionally having lower alkyl as a substituent.
  • Each of m and n is equal to 0.
  • ring A as represented by the formula ##STR28## wherein all symbols have the same meanings as defined above is preferably a ring of the formula ##STR29## wherein all have the same meanings as defined above or a ring of the formula ##STR30## wherein R 3 represents hydrogen, halogen, optionally substituted hydrocarbon group (preferably, lower alkyl), or hydroxyl optionally having lower alkyl as a substituent.
  • the ring represented by the formula ##STR32## wherein all symbols have the same meanings as defined above is preferably a ring of the formula ##STR33## wherein all symbols have the same meanings as defined above.
  • a ring of the following formula ##STR35## wherein p is an integer of 1 to 3; Y is as defined above.
  • R 14 is lower alkyl (e.g. C 1-6 alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, etc.); G is hydrogen or the same group as the substituent of the substituted methylene mentioned above for Y; the other symbols have the same meanings as defined above.
  • ring B is a benzene ring that may be substituted wherein the substituent for this "benzene ring that may be substituted" has the same meaning as those mentioned for the "substituent" of the "optionally substituted hydrocarbon group or optionally substituted heterocyclic group” as mentioned for Ar); the other symbols have the same meanings as defined above.
  • Q is (1) CR 4' wherein R 4' is (i) a C 1-6 alkyl group which may be substituted with a di-C 1-6 alkylamino group, (ii) a halogen atom, or (iii) a C 1-6 alkoxy group, or (2) N;
  • X is C ⁇ O
  • Y is NR 5' wherein R 5' is (i) a hydrogen, (ii) a C 1-6 alkyl group which may be substituted with (a) a morpholino, (b) a carboxyl, (c) a C 1-6 alkoxy-carbonyl, or (d) a phenyl which may be substituted with C 1-6 alkoxy, or (iii) COR 7" wherein R 7" is (a) a hydrogen, (b) C 1-6 alkyl which may be substituted with a carboxyl or a benzyloxycarbonyl, or a di-C 1-6 alkylamino;
  • n 0;
  • Z 2 is (1) C ⁇ O, (2) CH 2 , (3) (CH 2 ) 2 , (4) (CH 2 ) 3 , or (5) CH--OH;
  • Ar is (1) a phenyl group which may be substituted with (a) a halogen, (b) a C 1-6 alkylenedioxy, (c) a C 1-6 alkoxy which may be substituted with (c-1) a halogen or (c-2) a di-C 1-6 alkylamino, or (c-3) a C 1-6 alkoxy-carbonyl, (d) a C 7-11 aralkyloxy, (e) C 1-6 alkyl which may be substituted with a halogen, or (f) hydroxyl, (2) an optionally oxidized pyridyl group, or (i) a pyridinium group which may be substituted with C 1-6 alkyl;
  • R 1 and R 2 is (1) a hydrogen, (2) a C 1-6 alkyl, (3) a C 1-6 alkoxy which may be substituted with (a) a C 1-6 alkoxy-carbonyl, (b) a C 7-11 aralkyl or (c) a carboxyl, or (4) a hydroxyl.
  • the other is (1) a C 1-6 alkyl, (2) a C 1-6 alkoxy which may be substituted with (a) a C 1-6 alkoxy-carbonyl or (b) a carboxyl, or (3) a hydroxyl;
  • R 1 and R 2 taken together with adjacent --c ⁇ c-- form a C 1-6 alkylenedioxy group, or a C 1-6 alkyleneoxy group; or
  • ring A is a benzene ring which may have a C 1-6 alkoxy group, in addition to R 1 and R 2 ; and a C 1-6 alkoxy group or ring A and a C 1-6 alkoxy group of R 1 may be taken together form C 1-6 alkylenedioxy group.
  • Q is CH or N
  • X is C ⁇ O
  • n 0;
  • Z 2 is CH 2 ;
  • R 1 and R 2 taken together form a C 1-6 alkylenedioxy group.
  • the preferred, among the above-mentioned compounds of formula [III], are the compounds in which Q is CH or N; X is C ⁇ O; ##STR45## wherein R 1 is hydrogen and R 2 is methyl, or R 1 and R 2 jointly form methylenedioxy; Ar is phenyl that may be substituted with hydroxyl, halogen (e.g. fluorine, chlorine, bromine, etc.), lower alkoxy (e.g.
  • C 1-6 alkoxy such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, pentyloxy, isopentyloxy, neopentyloxy, and hexyloxy), and/or methylenedioxy
  • Z 2 is CH 2
  • m is equal to 0 (exclusive of Helioxanthin mentioned above.
  • Compound [III] inclusive of its salt, like compound [I] and its salt, has cell differentiation inducing factor activity or enhancing activity of the cell differentiation inducing factor.
  • the compound in which p is equal to 1 or a salt thereof can be provided by subjecting the corresponding compound in which p is equal to 0 or a salt thereof or an intermediate thereof in a suitable production stage to a known chemical oxidation reaction [cf. Chemistry of the Heterocyclic N-Oxide, 22-60 (1971), Academic Press, London & New York or G. Jones (ed.), Quinolines Part 1, John Wiley & Sons, Chapter 1, pp. 61-62 (1977)] or an analogous reaction.
  • a known chemical oxidation reaction [cf. Chemistry of the Heterocyclic N-Oxide, 22-60 (1971), Academic Press, London & New York or G. Jones (ed.), Quinolines Part 1, John Wiley & Sons, Chapter 1, pp. 61-62 (1977)] or an analogous reaction.
  • compound [I] can also be produced by subjecting compound of the following formula: ##STR48## wherein all symbols have the same meanings as defined above, to the reactions illustrated below in Schema 3-5.
  • Compound [XI] and compound [XI'] can be purchased from commercial sources or synthesized by using the per se known procedures for the synthesis of olefins, ketones, esters, amides, acid anhydrides, and imides [e.g. S. R. Sandler and W. Karo, Organic Functional Group Preparations I, 2nd ed., Academic Press, Chapter 2, pp. 39-81, Chapter 8, pp. 206-235, Chapter 10, pp. 289-315, and Chapter 11, pp. 316-358 (1983) and S. R. Sandler and W. Karo, Organic Functional Group Preparations III, 2nd ed., Academic Press, Chapter 2, pp. 87-128 and Chapter 7, pp. 281-313 (1989)] in a suitable combination.
  • the compound of formula [I'] is an aryl-naphthalenelignan compound
  • it can also be produced by any of the per se known synthetic processes such as the processes described in R. S. Ward, Chemical Society Reviews, 11, 75-125 (1982), R. S. Ward, Synthesis, 719-730 (1985), D. A. Whiting, Natural Product Reports, 2, 191-211 (1985) and 4, 499-525 (1985), R. Stevenson et al., Journal of Natural Products, 52 (2), 367-375 (1989), and other literature.
  • Compound [I'] in which Q is N, Z 1 is C ⁇ O, and Z 2 is methylene, namely compound [XIII], can be produced by, for example, the process illustrated below in Schema 2.
  • R 11 is lower alkyl (e.g. C 1-6 alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, etc.; the other symbols have the same meanings as defined above.
  • the "lower alkyl” as mentioned for R 12 includes C 1-6 alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, etc.
  • the "lower alkyl" of the "optionally substituted lower alkyl” as mentioned for R 13 includes C 1-6 alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, etc. and the "substituent" for this "optionally substituted lower alkyl” includes the same groups as those mentioned for the "substituent” of the "optionally substituted hydrocarbon group” as mentioned for R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 .
  • the "C 1-2 alkylene" of the "optionally substituted C 1-2 alkylene” as mentioned for Z 2' above is methylene or ethylene
  • the "substituent" for this "optionally substituted C 1-2 alkylene” includes the same groups as those mentioned for the "substituent” of the "optionally substituted hydrocarbon group” as mentioned for R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 .
  • the group CO 2 R 14 may be eliminated by subjecting compound [XXIII] to decarboxylation reaction, and when G is a carboxylic acid derivative, G can also be eliminated by this decarboxylation reaction.
  • the compound [I] in which Y is NR', wherein R' is optionally substituted C 1-3 alkyl or optionally substituted C 1-3 alkanoyl can also be produced by subjecting the compound of general formula [I] wherein Y is NH or an intermediate thereof in a suitable production stage to a per se known alkylation or acylation reaction.
  • Steps 1 to 3 can be carried out by the procedure reported by J. G. Smith et al. (Journal of Organic Chemistry, 53, 2942-2953, 1988).
  • step 4 compound [XIV] is reduced to compound [XV].
  • This reaction can be carried out by, for example, a per se known method [S. R. Sandler and W. Karo, Organic Functional Group Preparations I, 2nd ed., Academic Press (1983), Chapter 4 (pp. 111-114). If this reaction involves reduction of the quinoline ring, the reduced quinoline ring can be reoxidized by a per se known method (M. Antini et al., Heterocycles, 38, 103-111 (1994)].
  • the starting compound [XIV] for this reaction can be produced by, for example, a per se known method (G. Jones (ed.), Quinolines Part 1, John Wiley & Sons (1977), Chapter 2 (pp. 93-318)].
  • Step 5 can be carried out in a per se known manner [M. Antini et al., Heterocycles, 3, 103-111 (1994)].
  • Step 6 can be carried out by subjecting compound [XVII] to alkaline hydrolysis and treating the resulting hydroxycarboxylate with a lower alkyl halide.
  • the base that can be used for this alkaline hydrolysis includes but is not limited to inorganic bases (e.g. lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, cesium carbonate, etc.).
  • the amount of the base is generally equimolar through about 10 molar equivalents and preferably equimolar--about 3 molar equivalents with respect to compound [XVIII].
  • the lower alkyl halide may for example be methyl iodide, ethyl iodide, or ethyl bromide.
  • the proportion of the lower alkyl halide is generally equimolar to about 100 molar equivalents and preferably 20-100 molar equivalents with respect to compound [XVIII].
  • This reaction can be carried out with advantage in a solvent.
  • a solvent that does not interfere with the reaction is employed.
  • the solvent can be selected from among hydrocarbons (e.g. pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, benzene, etc.), lower alkanols (e.g. methanol, ethanol, propanol, etc.), ethers (e.g. diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, etc.), amides (e.g. N,N-dimethylformamide, hexamethylphosphoric triamide, etc.), and ureas (e.g.
  • hydrocarbons e.g. pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, benzene, etc.
  • lower alkanols e.g. methanol, ethanol, propanol, etc.
  • ethers e.g. diethyl ether, t
  • 1,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2(1H)-pyrimidine etc. Those solvents can be used each alone or, where necessary, as a mixture comprising two or more species in a suitable ratio, or even in admixture with water.
  • the proportion of the solvent is generally 1 to 100 milliliters and preferably 5 to 20 mL per gram of compound [XVIII].
  • the reaction temperature is generally -20° C. through the boiling point of the solvent used and preferably 25° C. to 100° C.
  • the reaction time is 10 minutes to 24 hours and preferably 20 minutes to 2 hours for each of the alkaline hydrolysis and the lower alkyl halide treatment.
  • Step 7 the hydroxyl group of compound [XVIII] is converted to a leaving group.
  • the leaving group represented by A in compound [XIX] includes (1) halogen (e.g. chlorine, bromine, iodine, fluorine), (2) lower alkanesulfonyloxy that may be substituted by 1 to 3 halogen atoms (e.g. C 1-6 alkylsulfonyloxy optionally substituted by 1 to 3 halogen atoms (e.g.
  • step 8 compound [XIX] is reacted with ammonia or a monoalkylamine of the formula H 2 NR 13 (where R 13 is as defined above).
  • Ammonia as mentioned just above may be either aqueous ammonia, ammonia gas, or liquid ammonia.
  • the proportion of ammonia or monoalkylamine is generally equimolar through about 100 molar equivalents and preferably 2 to 10 molar equivalents with respect to compound [XIX].
  • the solvent that can be used includes hydrocarbons (e.g. pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, benzene, etc.), lower alkanols (e.g. methanol, ethanol, propanol, etc.), ethers (e.g. diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, etc.), amides (e.g. N,N-dimethylformamide, hexamethylphosphoric triamide, etc.), and ureas (e.g. 1,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2(1H)-pyrimidine etc.).
  • hydrocarbons e.g. pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, benzene, etc.
  • lower alkanols e.g. methanol, ethanol, propanol, etc.
  • ethers e.g. diethyl ether, te
  • solvents can be used each alone or, where necessary, as a mixture of suitable proportions of two or more species or even in admixture with water.
  • the proportion of the solvent is generally 1 to 100 mL and preferably 5 to 20 mL per gram of compound [XIX].
  • the reaction temperature is generally -20° C. through the boiling point of the solvent used and preferably 25° C. to 100° C.
  • the reaction time is generally 30 minutes to 24 hours and preferably 30 minutes to 12 hours.
  • Step 9 compound [XXI] is reacted with a cyanide.
  • the starting compound [XXI] can be synthesized typically by the same procedure as shown for the production of compound [XIX] in Schema 3.
  • the cyanide that can be used includes the sodium salt, potassium salt, copper salt, silver salt, etc. and the proportion of the cyanide is generally equimolar through about 100 molar equivalents and preferably 2 to 10 molar equivalents with respect to compound [XXI].
  • the solvent that can be used includes hydrocarbons (e.g. pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, benzene, etc.), lower alkanols (e.g. methanol, ethanol, propanol, etc.), ethers (e.g. diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, etc.), amides (e.g. N,N-dimethylformamide, hexamethylphosphoric triamide, etc.), and ureas (e.g. 1,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2(1H)-pyrimidine etc.).
  • hydrocarbons e.g. pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, benzene, etc.
  • lower alkanols e.g. methanol, ethanol, propanol, etc.
  • ethers e.g. diethyl ether, te
  • solvents can be used each alone or, where necessary, as a mixture of suitable proportions of two or more species or even in admixture with water.
  • the proportion of the solvent is generally 1 to 100 milliliters and preferably 5 to 20 mL per gram of compound [XXI].
  • the reaction temperature is generally -20° C. through the boiling point of the solvent used and preferably 25° C. to 100° C.
  • the reaction time is generally 30 minutes to 24 hours and preferably 1 to 12 hours.
  • Step 10 the nitrile group of compound [XXII] is reduced.
  • This reduction reaction can be carried out by a per se known method [e.g. S. R. Sandler and W. Karo, Organic Functional Group Preparations I" 2nd ed., Academic Press (1983), Chapter 13 (pp. 403-405)].
  • Step 11 compound [XXIV] is condensed with compound [XXV] in the presence of a base.
  • the base that can be used includes alkyllithium reagents (e.g. methyllithium, n-butyllithium, s-butyllithium, t-butyllithium, etc., preferably n-butyllithium), inorganic bases (e.g. sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, cesium carbonate, sodium hydride, sodium metal, etc.), and organic bases (e.g. sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, triethylamine, pyridine, diethylisopropylamine, etc.).
  • the proportion of the base is generally equimolar through about 10 molar equivalents and preferably equimolar to 2 molar equivalents with respect to compound [XXV].
  • This reaction can be conducted with advantage in a solvent selected from among, for example, lower alkanols (e.g. methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropyl alcohol, etc.), hydrocarbons (e.g. pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, benzene, etc.), ethers (e.g. diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, etc.), amides (e.g. N,N-dimethylformamide, hexamethylphosphoric triamide, etc.), halogenated hydrocarbons (e.g. dichloromethane, chloroform, etc.), sulfoxides (e.g.
  • lower alkanols e.g. methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropyl alcohol, etc.
  • hydrocarbons e.g. pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, benzene, etc
  • ureas e.g. 1,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2(1H)-pirimidine etc.
  • Those solvents can be used each alone or, where necessary, as a mixture of suitable proportions of two or more species or even in admixture with water.
  • the proportion of the solvent is generally 0.1 to 100 mL and preferably 5 to 20 mL per gram of compound [XXV].
  • the reaction temperature is generally -20° C. through the boiling point of the solvent used and preferably -5° C. through the boiling point.
  • the reaction time is generally 100 minutes to 24 hours and preferably 30 minutes to 5 hours.
  • Step 12 compound [XXVI] is treated with a base to subject cyclization reaction.
  • the base that can be used includes alkyllithium reagents (e.g. methyllithium, n-butyllithium, s-butyllithium, t-butyllithium, etc., preferably n-butyllithium), lithium dialkylamides (e.g. lithium diisopropylamide, lithium hexamethyldisilazide, etc.), inorganic bases (e.g. sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, cesium carbonate, sodium hydride, sodium metal, etc.), and organic bases (e.g.
  • alkyllithium reagents e.g. methyllithium, n-butyllithium, s-butyllithium, t-butyllithium, etc., preferably n-butyllithium
  • lithium dialkylamides e.g. lithium diisopropylamide, lithium hexamethyld
  • the proportion of the base is generally equimolar through about 10 molar equivalents and preferably equimolar to 2 molar equivalents with respect to compound [XXVI].
  • This reaction can be conducted with advantage in a solvent selected from among, for example, lower alkanols (e.g. methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropyl alcohol, etc.), hydrocarbons (e.g. pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, benzene, etc.), ethers (e.g. diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, etc.), amides (e.g. N,N-dimethylformamide, hexamethylphosphoric triamide, etc.), halogenated hydrocarbons (e.g. dichloromethane, chloroform, etc.), sulfoxides (e.g.
  • lower alkanols e.g. methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropyl alcohol, etc.
  • hydrocarbons e.g. pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, benzene, etc
  • ureas e.g. 1,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2(1H)-pirimidine etc.
  • Those solvents can be used each alone or, where necessary, as a mixture of suitable proportions of two or more species or even in admixture with water.
  • the proportion of the solvent is generally 0.1 to 100 mL and preferably 5 to 20 mL per gram of compound [XXV].
  • the reaction temperature is generally -20° C. through the boiling point of the solvent used and preferably -5° C. through the boiling point.
  • the reaction time is generally 10 minutes to 24 hours and preferably 30 minutes to 5 hours.
  • compound [XXIII] may be subjected to decarboxylation.
  • This decarboxylation can be carried out by a per se known procedure for hydrolysis of an ester (e.g. S. Patai (ed.), The Chemistry of Carboxylic Acids and Esters, Chapter 12 (pp. 589-622).
  • the compound of general formula [I] wherein Z 1 is C ⁇ O, Z 2 is methylene, both of m and n are equal to 0, and Y is NR 13 wherein R 13 is as defined above, can also be produced by partial reduction of the compound in which each of Z 1 and Z 2 is C ⁇ O, both of m and n are equal to 0, and Y is NR 13 , wherein R 13 is as defined above.
  • This partial reduction can be carried out by, for example, electrolytic reduction (e.g. the technique described in L. C. Craig, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 55, 295-298, 1933), catalytic reduction (e.g. the method described in A. Dunet et al., Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France, 17, 877-881, 1950), reduction with a metal hydride (e.g. the method described in E. Tagmann et al., Helvetica Chimica Acta, 37, 185-190, 1954), or reduction with zinc (e.g. the method described in J. H. Brewster and A. M. Fusco, Journal of Organic Chemistry, 28, 501-503, 1963).
  • electrolytic reduction e.g. the technique described in L. C. Craig, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 55, 295-298, 1933
  • catalytic reduction e.g. the method described in A. Dunet et al., Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France, 17, 877-881
  • the compound of general formula [I] wherein Y is alkylated or acylated nitrogen can also be produced by applying N-alkylation or N-acylation, in the per se known manner, to the compound of formula [I] wherein Y is NH or an intermediate thereof in a suitable production stage.
  • any substituent group on ring A, R 4 , Ar, Y, Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 2' , or G in [VII] through [XXV] contains a functional group such as hydroxyl, amino, mono-C 1-6 alkylamino, ketone, carboxyl, or tetrazolyl
  • the functional group may be protected beforehand.
  • protective groups and methods for protection and deprotection those groups and methods which are known per se can be successfully employed [T. W. Green and P. G. M. Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1991].
  • the compound [I] or salt thus produced can be isolated and purified by the per se known procedure (e.g. redistribution, concentration, solvent extraction, fractional distillation, crystallization, recrystallization, chromatography, etc.).
  • the salt of compound [I] according to the present invention is preferably a pharmacologically acceptable salt.
  • salts with inorganic bases salts with organic bases, salts with inorganic acids, salts with organic acids, and salts with basic or acidic amino acids can be mentioned.
  • the preferred salts with inorganic bases are salts with alkali metals (e.g. sodium salt, potassium salt, etc.), salts with alkaline earth metals (e.g. calcium salt, magnesium salt, etc.), aluminum salt, and ammonium salts.
  • the preferred salts with organic bases are salts with trimethylamine, triethylamine, pyridine, picoline, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, dicyclohexylamine, N,N'-dibenzylethylenediamine, etc.
  • the preferred salts with inorganic acids are salts with hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, etc.
  • the preferred salts with organic acids are salts with formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, fumaric acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, malic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, etc.
  • the preferred salts with basic amino acids are salts with arginine, lysine, ornithine, etc.
  • the preferred salts with acidic amino acids are salts with aspartic acid, glutamic acid, etc.
  • the objective compound produced is a free compound, it can be converted to a salt by the conventional procedure and when the objective compound obtained is in the form of a salt, it can be converted to the free compound.
  • the compound [I] or salt of the present invention may be a hydrated compound or anhydrous.
  • the compound [I] or salt of the invention can be isolated and purified by the per se known procedures such as solvent extraction, pH adjustment, redistribution, crystallization, recrystallization, chromatography, etc. While the starting compounds or salts for the compound [I] of the invention can also be isolated and purified by the same known procedures as above, the respective reaction mixtures containing them may be used as reactants for the next reactions.
  • the compound [I] or salt of the present invention includes optical isomers, stereoisomers, position isomers or rotamers
  • those isomers also fall within the scope of the invention and can respectively be isolated by the per se known synthetic and/or fractionation techniques.
  • the compound of the invention exists as optical isomers, the respective isomers falling within the scope of the invention can be separately provided.
  • optical isomers can be produced by per se known techniques.
  • the desired optical isomer can be provided by using an optically active synthetic intermediate or subjecting the racemic end product to routine optical resolution.
  • Optical resolution can be achieved by the per se known alternative procedures such as fractional recrystallization, chromatography on a chiral column, and the diastereomer method, all described briefly below.
  • This method comprises treating the racemic substrate with an optically active compound to give the corresponding salt, separating it by fractional recrystallization, and where necessary, neutralizing the same to recover the free optical isomer.
  • the mixture of optical isomers is run on a chiral column, such as ENANTIO-OVM (Tosoh Corporation), and elution is carried out with water, a buffer (e.g. phosphate buffer), or an organic solvent (e.g. ethanol, methanol, acetonitrile, etc.), or a mixture thereof, to thereby separate the desired optical isomer.
  • a buffer e.g. phosphate buffer
  • an organic solvent e.g. ethanol, methanol, acetonitrile, etc.
  • Resolution by gas chromatography can be carried out using CP-Chirasil-DeXCB (G. L. Science), for instance, as a chiral column.
  • This method comprises reacting the racemic substrate with an optically active reagent chemically to prepare a mixture of diastereomers, subjecting it to the routine fractionation treatment (e.g. fractional recrystallization, chromatography, etc.) to give the respective isomers, and cleaving the moiety corresponding to the optically active reagent off through chemical reaction such as hydrolysis.
  • fractionation treatment e.g. fractional recrystallization, chromatography, etc.
  • diastereomers of its ester or amide can be obtained by subjecting said compound and an optically active organic acid (e.g.
  • MTPA [ ⁇ -methoxy- ⁇ -(trifluoromethyl)phenylacetic acid], (-)-menthoxyacetic acid, or the like) to condensation reaction.
  • diastereomers of its amide or ester can be obtained by subjecting the compound and an optically active amine or alcohol to condensation reaction.
  • the isolated diastereomers can be converted to optical isomers of the substrate compound by acid hydrolysis or alkaline hydrolysis.
  • the cell differentiation inducing factor relevant to the present invention includes a variety of factors which induce characteristic transductions in the process of differentiation from undifferentiated precursors of the osteoblasts, neurons, and other cells which are in charge of maintenance of vital functions in specific tissues, such as bone morphogenetic protein, neurotrophic factor, factors belonging to the TGF- ⁇ superfamily, such as transforming growth factor (TGF)- ⁇ and activins, factors belonging to the FGF superfamily, such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF), factors belonging to the neuropoietic cytokine family, such as leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF; also known as cholinergic differentiation factor, CDF), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), etc., interleukin (IL; this abbreviation applies hereinafter)-1; IL-2, IL-3, IL-5, IL-6 IL-7, IL-9, and IL-11, tumor necrosis factor -- ⁇ (TNF- ⁇ ) interferon
  • the bone morphogenetic protein includes factors of the BMP family, such as BMP-2, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -9, -10, -11, -12, etc., all of which are proteins which accelerate osteogenesis and chondrogenesis. Particularly preferred are BMP-2, -4, -6, and -7.
  • BMP that can be used includes various homodimers of the respective factors mentioned above or heterodimers of all possible combinations of the factors.
  • the neurotrophic factor includes nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), etc. Preferred are factors of the NGF family.
  • the compound [I] or salt of the present invention can be safely administered as it is or in the form of a pharmaceutical composition prepared by using a pharmacologically acceptable carrier.
  • the composition includes a variety of dosage forms such as tablets (e.g. dragees, film-coated tablets, etc.), powders, granules, capsules (inclusive of soft capsules), syrup, emulsion, suspension, injection (e.g. subcutaneous, intradermal, intramuscular and other injections), suppositories, and controlled-release dosage forms as prepared by the established pharmaceutical procedures, and such dosage forms can be administered either orally or otherwise (e.g. topically, rectally, or intravenously).
  • the proportion of compound [I] or its salt in a dosage form of the invention may range from 0.1 to 100 weight %.
  • the dosage depends on the recipient's characteristics, route of administration, diagnosis, and other factors.
  • the oral dose of about 0.1 to 500 mg, preferably about 1 to 100 mg, or more preferably about 5 to 100 mg, as the active ingredient, can be administered once daily or in a few divided doses daily.
  • the injection can be prepared and used in the per se known manner.
  • compound [I] or salt of the invention can be used independently or in combination with one or more other substances having cell differentiation factor activity, such as BMP and neurotrophic factor.
  • the aqueous vehicle for such an injection includes physiological saline, isotonic solution, etc. and, where necessary, the vehicle can be used together with a suspending agent such as those mentioned hereinafter.
  • the oily medium for an injection includes sesame oil, soybean oil, and other oils and these oils may be used together with a solubilizer such as those also mentioned hereinafter.
  • the prepared injection is generally dispensed and sealed in suitable ampules.
  • the pharmacologically acceptable carrier that can be used in the production of the pharmaceutical composition of the invention includes various organic and inorganic pharmaceutical carriers which are conventionally used in pharmaceutical production.
  • the excipient, lubricant, binder, disintegrator, etc. can be used for solid dosage forms and the solvent, solubilizer, suspending agent, isotonizing agent, buffer, local anesthetic, etc. can be used for liquid dosage forms.
  • such other additives as the antiseptic, antioxidant, colorant, sweetener, adsorbent, wetting agent, etc. can also be used.
  • the excipient includes but is not limited to lactose, sucrose, D-mannitol, starches such as corn starch, crystalline cellulose, and light silicic anhydride.
  • the lubricant includes but is not limited to magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, talc, and colloidal silica.
  • the binder includes but is not limited to crystalline cellulose, sucrose, D-mannitol, dextrin, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, starch, cane sugar, gelatin, methylcellulose, and carboxymethylcellulose sodium.
  • the disintegrator includes but is not limited to starch, carboxymethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose calcium, croscarmellose sodium, carboxymethylstarch sodium, and L-hydroxypropylcellulose.
  • the solvent includes but is not limited to water for injection, alcohol, propylene glycol, macrogols, sesame oil, and corn oil.
  • the solubilizer includes but is not limited to polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, D-mannitol, benzyl benzoate, ethanol, trisaminomethane, cholesterol, triethanolamine, sodium carbonate, and sodium citrate.
  • the suspending agent includes but is not limited to surfactants such as stearyltriethanolamine, sodium lauryl sulfate, lauryl aminopropionate, lecithin, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, glycerol monostearate, etc., and hydrophilic macromolecular substances such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, methylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, etc.
  • surfactants such as stearyltriethanolamine, sodium lauryl sulfate, lauryl aminopropionate, lecithin, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, glycerol monostearate, etc.
  • hydrophilic macromolecular substances such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, methylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose,
  • the isotonizing agent includes but is not limited to glucose, D-sorbitol, sodium chloride, glycerin, and D-mannitol.
  • the buffer includes various buffer solutions such as phosphate, acetate, carbonate, citrate, and other buffers.
  • the local anesthetic includes but is not limited to benzyl alcohol.
  • the antiseptic includes but is not limited to p-hydroxybenzoic esters, chlorobutanol, benzyl alcohol, phenethyl alcohol, dehydroacetic acid, and sorbic acid.
  • the antioxidant includes but is not limited to sulfites and ascorbic acid.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the invention which comprises compound [I] or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, has satisfactory cell differentiation inducing factor activity or its enhancing activity and, as such, can be successfully used either as it is or in combination with other active substances having cell differentiation inducing factor activity (e.g. BMP and neurotrophic factor) in the treatment or prevention of various nerve diseases [e.g. neurodegenerative lesions in cerebrovascular dementia, senile dementia, or Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's disease), diabetic peripheral neuropathy, etc.] or bone-and-joint diseases [e.g. bone fracture, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, etc.].
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the invention can be used as a bone formation accelerator, a cartilage disruption inhibitor, a bone fracture healing accelerator, or a bone remodeling accelerator, for instance.
  • BMP and neurotrophic factor there may be other diseases in which argumentation of BMP activity or neurotrophic factor activity should lead to improvements in morbidity.
  • the enhancing activity of cell differentiation factor of the present invention may be useful for the treatment or prevention of such diseases associated with BMP and/or neurotrophic factor.
  • the enhancing activity of cell differentiation inducing factor of the present invention can be indicated in the above-mentioned diseases not only in man but also in other mammalian animals (e.g. the mouse, rat, rabbit, dog, cat, cattle, swine, etc.).
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the invention which comprises compound [I] or a salt thereof, has a high toxicological threshold and a low risk for adverse reactions.
  • the compound of the present invention can be incorporated in a bone remodeling matrix as a bone morphogenesis accelerator for bone repairing or in bone grafting.
  • the compound of the invention can be applied as attached to or incorporated in an artificial bone of a metal, ceramic material, or polymer material.
  • the artificial bone is preferably provided with a porous surface so that, when it is implanted in the missing part of the host, the cell differentiation factor agonist of the invention will be released into the tissue.
  • the compound of the invention can be attached to or incorporated in such a prosthesis by dispersing it in a suitable dispersion medium, binder or diluent (e.g.
  • the cementing agent for an artificial bone can be prepared by mixing the compound of the present invention with a physiologically acceptable dispersion medium, binder, or diluent and optionally with other ingredients useful for bone remodeling (e.g. calcium).
  • the artificial bone cement can also be used in such a manner that, in lieu of being applied to or incorporated in a prosthesis, it is filled in the gap between the implant and the missing part of the host.
  • the non-oral composition mentioned above can be put to use after osteoinductive proteins such as factors of the BMP family, have been deposited thereon or incorporated therein.
  • the TLC monitoring was carried out using Kieselgel 60F 250 (70-230 mesh, Merck) for TLC plates, the column chromatographic solvents as developers, and a UV detector in combination with phosphomolybdate color reaction for detection.
  • Kieselgel 60 70-230 mesh, Merck
  • the NMR spectra represent proton NMR ( 1 H-NMR) spectra, which were measured with Gemini 200 (Varian) using tetramethylsilane either as internal standard or as external standard and expressed in ⁇ (ppm).
  • the infrared absorption spectra were recorded with IR-810 spectrophotometer (Nippon Bunko Kogyo).
  • the melting points were determined with the Yanagimoto micro-melting point meter MP-500D and the uncorrected values were tabulated.
  • room temperature as used in the following reference and working examples means 0°-30° C. and, in most cases, about 15°-25° C. In the drying procedures, anhydrous magnesium sulfate or anhydrous sodium sulfate was used. All percents (%) are by weight unless otherwise indicated.
  • Me stands for methyl
  • Ms for methanesulfonyl
  • Et for ethyl
  • Ac for acetyl
  • the entitled compound was obtained in a manner similar to that described in Reference Example 5.
  • the entitled compound was obtained in a manner similar to that described in Reference Example 5.
  • the entitled compound was obtained in a manner similar to that described in Reference Example 5.
  • the entitled compound was obtained in a manner similar to that described in Reference Example 5.
  • the entitled compound was obtained in a manner similar to that described in Reference Example 5.
  • the entitled compound was obtained in a manner similar to that described in Reference Example 5.
  • the filtrate was extracted with ethyl acetate and the extract was washed with water and dried with magnesium sulfate.
  • the solvent was removed by distillation and the obtained residue was dissolved in ethanol (100 ml), and 10% Pd--C (2.5 g) was added thereto.
  • the mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature.
  • the catalyst was filtered off, and the solvent was removed by distillation.
  • the obtained residue was dissolved in chloroform (300 ml) and manganese dioxide (20 g) was added thereto, then the mixture was stirred for 3 hours at room temperature.
  • the manganese dioxide was filtered off with Celite and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure.
  • the obtained crude crystals were washed with diisopropyl ether and the entitled compound (0.9 g) was obtained.
  • some of the entitle compound was recrystallized from THF.
  • the entitled compound was obtained from 10-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1,3-dioxolo[4,5-f]furo-[3,4-b]quinolin-7(9H)-one in a manner similar to that described in Reference Example 14.
  • the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate, and washed with 1 n hydrochloric acid and saturated sodium chloride solution and dried with magnesium sulfate, then concentrated under reduced pressure.
  • the entitled compound was obtained from 11-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-9,10-dihydro-7H-1,3-benzodioxolo[5,4-e][2]benzopyran-7-one as in a manner similar to that described in Reference Example 14.
  • the entitled compound was obtained from methyl 9-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-8-(2-methanesulfonyloxyethyl)-naphtho[1,2-d]-1,3-benzodioxole-7-carboxylate as in a manner similar to that described in Reference Example 15.
  • Methyl 9-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-8-methanesulfonyloxymethyl-naphtho[1,2-d]-1,3-benzodioxol-7-carboxylate (150 mg), which was obtained in Reference Example 14 was dissolved in THF (6 ml) and methylamine (40% methanol solution: 1 ml) was added thereto. The mixture was stirred for 3 days at room temperature and the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. To the obtained residue was added water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The obtained extract was washed with saturated sodium chloride solution and dried magnesium sulfate, then concentrated under reduced pressure.
  • Methyl 9-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-8-methanesulfonyloxymethyl-naphtho[1,2-d]-1,3-benzodioxol-7-carboxylate (150 mg), which was obtained in Reference Example 14, was dissolved in THF (6 ml) and 2-(morpholino)-ethylamine (69 ⁇ l) was added thereto. The mixture was stirred for over night at room temperature, then 2-(morpholino)-ethylamine (69 ⁇ l) was added thereto and stirred for 8 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. To the obtained residue was added water and extracted with ethyl acetate.
  • the obtained extract was washed with saturated sodium chloride solution and dried with magnesium sulfate, then concentrated under reduced pressure.
  • the free amine of the entitled compound was dissolved in a mixture of methanol (1 ml) and dichloromethane (1 ml) and 4N hydrogen chloride-ethyl acetate was added thereto. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure.
  • the obtained residue was recrystallized from methanol to give the entitled compound (115 mg).
  • the obtained dichloromethane solution was dried with magnesium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure.
  • N-(3-Phenyl-2-propin-1-yl)-3-(6-bromobenzo(d]-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-propenoylamide (0.50 g), which was obtained in Reference Example 16, was dissolved in acetic anhydride (200 ml) and heated under reflux for 4 hours. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure and the obtained residue was dissolved in p-cymene (25 ml). To the mixture was added 10% palladium-carbon (0.25 g) and heated under reflux for 10 hours. The catalyst was filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was washed with water and purified with column chromatography (silica gel 40 g, eluent:dichloromethane) to give the entitled compound (0.16 g).
  • Example 8 8-Acetyl-5-bromo-10-phenyl-8,9-dihydro-7H-1,3-benzodioxolo[4,5-f]isoindol-7-one (156 mg), which was obtained in Example 8 was dissolved in DMF (60 ml) and sodium acetate (182 mg) and 10% palladium-carbon (80 mg) was added thereto, then the mixture was stirred for 2 hours under hydrogen atmosphere. The catalysts were filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the obtained residue was triturated with DMF. The obtained powder was washed with water and methanol to give the entitled compound (83 mg).
  • the entitled compound was obtained from methyl 9-(l,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-8-methanesulfonyloxymethyl-l,3-dioxolo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-carboxylate, which was obtained in Reference Example 18, in a manner similar to that described in Example 1.
  • the obtained residue (orange, oily substance) was dissolved in toluene.(250 ml) and maleimide (6.0 g) and p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (catalysis equivalent) were added thereto. The mixture was heated under reflux for 20 hours and the separated solid was filtered off. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. To the obtained residue was added concentrated hydrochloric acid and heated under reflux for 1 hour. The mixture was cooled to the room temperature and the resultant yellow-brown solid was collected by suction. The yellow-brown solid was washed with water and recrystallized from THF to give the entitled compound (7.2 g).
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AU3866097A (en) 1998-03-06
ID18046A (id) 1998-02-19

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